HAUBERK. 628 HAUG. the mail shirt or byniie (q.v.), the name being applied to the whole garmont. In the twelfth century the sleeves of the hauberk sometimes ter- iiiiuated at the elbow, but in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries these came down to the wrist, and ver^' generally descended over the hand in the form of a glove or mitten. In the fourteenth century the hauberk was sometimes worn under plate armor. See Abmob. HAUBOLD, hou'bolt, Christian Gottlieb (1700-1824). A German jurist of the historical school, born at Dresden and educated at Leipzig, where he became professor in 1780. He wrote: I list it ut tones Juris Romani Literarite {iSO^J) ; liistiliitioiiKm Juris Romani Privati Lincanienla (last ed., by Otto, 1820) ; Manuale Basilicorum (1819); DoctrincE Pandectarum Lineamenta (1820); and the excellent Lehrbuch des sucli- -sischcu. Privatrechts (3ded., by Hansel, 1847-48). HAtrCH, houK, JOHANNE.S Carsten (1790- 1872). A prolific Danisli poet and dramatist. Born at Frederikshald, in Norway, of Danish parents, he came to Denmark (1803) when his mother died, and fought against the English in 1807. He entered the university at Copenhagen in 1808, and was made a doctor in 1821. Through association with Ochlenschlager, he became an apostle of literary reform. He wrote many dramas of little importance. Then in 1834 he turned to prose fiction, in which field he wrote: Vilhelm Zabern (1834), the most admired; Qtddmageren (1830) ; En polsk Familie (1839) ; and Hlottet red Rhinen (1845). In 1842 he published a collection of poems. In 1846 he was made pro- fessor of Scandinavian languages at Kiel, but re- turned to Copenhagen in 1848, and now wrote manv good tragedies, such as: Siistrene pna KiniiekuVcn (1849); Mrirsk ,Sf/<; .( 1850) , the best; Tycho Brake's Ungdom (1852) ; and Julian den Frafaldne (1868). He wrote also an historic epic, Valdemar Atterdag (1862), and a second collection of poems (1861). He succeeded Och- lenschlager as professor of aesthetics at Copen- hagen in 1851. Of strong imagination and with a bent for the mystic and supernatural, his work at its best is admirable, but its average is not high. Hauch's Dramatic ^Yorks appeared in three volumes (Copenhatven, 1852-59) ; his ro- mances in seven (ib., 1873) ; and his poems have also been collected (ib., 1890 et seq.). Consult Brandcs. Danske Digtere (Copenhagen, 1877). HAUCK, houk, Albert ( 1845- ) . A German Lutheran theologian, born at Wassertriidingen, in jVliddle Franeonia. He studied at the univer- sities of Erlangen and Berlin, and in 1882 be- came a professor at Erlangen, where he remained until 1889, when he went to the University of Leipzig. In 1891 he was elected a member of the Royal Academy of Sciences. His writings include: TerluVians Leben und Hchriftcn (1877) ; Die Uischofswahlen imter den Merowingern (1883); Kirchengeschichte Deutschl^inds, in six parts (parts 1-,S, 1887-96; parts 1-4, 2d ed. 1808-1902). As a reward for these labors he was given the great Verdun prize by the Prussian Academy of Sciences (1899). In 1881 he became an editor of the revised edition of the Realency- klopfidie fiir protestantische Theologie und Kirclte (3d ed. 1896). and after Herzog's "death in 1882, the sole editor. HAUENSCHILD, hou'en-shilt, Richard Georg Spilleb von (1825-55). A German poet and novelist, born in Breslau, better known under his pseudonym, 'Ma.x Waldau.' He began the study of law in the university of his native city, but so(Ui forsook it for modern languages, history, and philosophy. He was one of the most gifted German poets of the first half of the nine- teenth century. His poems include: tiUitter im W'inde (1848); the epics Cordula. Uruubundner Sage (2d ed. 1855) and Rahab (1855) ; and the elegy, diese Zeit ! Kanzonen (1850). Of his novels, the humorous romances, A'ucft der Natur (2d ed. 1851), and /1ms der Junkerwelt (1850), are most noteworthy. HAUER, hou'er, Franz von (1822-99). An Austrian geologist, born at Vienna, and edu- cated there and at Schemnitz. In 1846 he be- came an assistant of Haidinger, and from 1849 to 1807, as a member of the Imperial Geo- logical Institute, and later as its director, took part in many geological surveys. In 1885 he was appointed superintendent of the Vienna JIu- seum of Natural Histoi-y, and edited its Annalen (1886-90), and for the last seven years of his life was a member of the Austrian House of Lords. His published works include: Geologische Ueber- sicht der liergbaue der osterreichischenMonarchie (1855), with Foetterle; Die Geologie und ihre Anwendung auf die Kenntnis der Bodenbcschaf- fenheit der iisterreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie (2d ed. 1878) ; and a Geologische Kartc von Osterreich-Ungarn (5th ed. 1896). Consult Bohmersheim, Zitr Errinnerung an Franz von llauer (Vienna, 1899). HAUFI", houf, WiLHELM (1802-27). A Ger- man novelist, born at Stuttgart. His education was desultory, and revealed no precocity; his eliective training came from his mother and sisters, and tended to cultivate the imagination rather than the intellect. He studied theology at Tubingen (1820-24), and in 1826 published bis first volume, Murchemdmanufh, followed by two sequels of like title, all marked by a singularly dramatic humor. Equally successful were the ilitteilun- gen aus den Memoiren des Satans (1826), and Der Mann im Monde (1826), the last under the name of H. Clauren, a lesser novelist, whose sen- timentality it was intended to parody. This it did so successfully as to deceive Clauren's most enthusiastic admirers. His best romance is his Lichtcnstein (1826). It is a vivid series of historical pictures of men and manners, and has held its popularity for three g'-nerations. Ilauff traveled in Germany, France, and Bel- gium, became editor of the Stuttgart Morgen- blatt, and married. The summer of 1827 he passed in the Tyrol, still at work ; but in Septem- ber his health began to fail, and in October he died. To 1827 belong the Phantnsien im Bremer Ratskeller ; Das> Bild des Kaisers: and Die Bet- tlerin vom Pont des Arts. Among the other collected Tales, the best are: Das ^yirtshaus im. Spcssart ; Othello; Jud Siiss: and Die Siingerin. Hauff's Works are still often reprinted, and en- joy undiminished popularity. In his early death Germany lost a writer of unusual ability and rich promise. HAUG, (.ToHANN Chrlstoph) Friedrich (1761-1829). A German poet. knovn also by his pen-name 'Hophfhalmos.' born at Niederstol- zingen ( Wiirttemberg) . He studied in Stutt- trnrt at the Karlschule. ^r military institute of Duke Karl Eugen, where he was one of the Schil-
