HAXTKSBEE. 630 HAUPT. Account of Several Surprising Phenomena Touch- ing Light and Electricity Producible on the At- traction of Bodies. He discovered that light could be produced by mercury sliaken in a glass tube, and that this effect was increased when the action toolc place in a vacuum. Hauksbee devised one of the first electrical machines, and also made improvements in the air-pump. He is supposed to have died in 1712, his last papers in the Philosophical Transactions appearing po.sthu- niously in 1713. He is mentioned by Newton in certain leKcrs. HAUKSBEE, Francis, the younger (1687- 17G3). An English optician, possibly a son of the foregoing. He was for forty years previous to his death clerk and housekeeper of the Royal Society, London. He was somewhat of a scien- tist, being an instrument-maker and optician, and is said to have been the first to deliver scien- tific lectures with experiments iu London. "A Course of Mechanical, Optical, and Pneumatical Exjieriments" was given by Hauksbee, who per- formed the experiments while the explanatory lecture was delivered by William Whiston, M.A. The syllabus of this course of lectures, as well as those on astronomy and chemistry, is inter- esting as showing the state of experimental science at that time. HATJXIK DE VARALJA, hou'lik da vii'rol- yo, Georg ( 1787-18(;9) . A cardinal and arch- bishop of Agram, born at T3'rnau in Hungary. He was a very aggressive and determined adver- sary of Kossuth, who in 1849 proscribed him as a traitor. His Selectiones Encyclicw Literw et Dic- tion-es SacrcE (1850-53), a collection of pastoral letters, is of value to historical study. HAtTLXEVILLE, 61'vel', Pko.sper Charles Alexandre, Baron de (1830—). A Belgian pub- licist, born in Luxemburg, of a French immi- grant family from Lorraine. He studied law at Li&ge, Brussels, and Bonn, and then entered Belgian politics as a member of the Constitu- tional-Catholic Party. He was editor at various times of L'Universel. the Revue O&nerale, and the Journal de Bruxelles. His books include: Eis- toire des communes lomhardes depuis leur origine jusqu'd la fin du Xllleme Steele (1858); La definition du droit (1875) ; and De I'avenir des peuples catholiques (1876), the last of which was translated into nine languages, and procured him the position of Papal chamberlain. HATJNTED MAN, The. A Christmas story by Charles Dickens (1847). HATJPT, houpt, Erich (1841 — ). A German Protestant theologian, born at Stralsund, and educated at Berlin. He was professor of New Testament exegesis, successivelv at Kiel (1878), Greifswald ( 1883) , and Halle ('l88S). He wrote: Der erste Brief des Johannes (1869); Die alt- testamentlichen Citate in den vier Evangelien (1871); Die Kirche und die theologische Lehr- freiheit (1881): Plus ultra, sur TTniversitiits- ftngc (2d ed. 1890) ; Die Bedeutung der heiligen Schrift fur den evangelischen Christen (1891); Zum. Verstandnis des Apostolats im Neuen Testa- ment (1896), etc. HATTPT^ Herman (1817—). An American engineer, born in Philadelphia. Pa. He grad- uated at West Point in 1855. biit resigned a commission in the Second Infantry to become an assistant engineer on the public works of Pennsylvania. In 1844 he became professor of civil engineering and mathematics in Pennsyl- vania College, but three years later he resumed the practice of his profession., as principal con- sulting engineer of the Philadelphia Railroad, of which lie became, successively, the general superintendent and chief engineer. He was chief engineer of the Hoosac Tunnel from 1856 to 1861. In the Civil War he was chief of the L'nited States Bureau of Military Railroads, and served on the staff of General McDowell with the rank of colonel. From 1872 to 1876 he was general manager of the Piedmont Air-line Rail- road, from 1876 to 1878 was chief engineer of the Pennsylvania Transportation Company and Sea- board Pipe-line,, from 1881 to 1885 was general manager, and 1885 to 1886 was general superin- tendent of the Northern Pacific Railroad. He in- vented a drilling machine that won the highest prize of the Royal Pol^-technic Society of Great Britain, and was the first to prove the practica- bility of transporting oil in pipes. He wrote: Hints on Bridge Building (1840); General Theory of Bridge Construction (1852); A Con- sideration of the Plans Proposed for the Improve- ment of the Ohio River (1855) ; Military Bridges (1864). HAUPT, Lewis Muhlenberg (1841—). An American civil engineer, born in Gettysburg. Pa. He was educated at Harvard and at West Point, became lieutenant of lake surveyors by 1868, and in the following year was attached to a military district in Texas. From 1872 to 1892 lie was professor of civil engineering in the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, and in 1885-86 was edi- tor of the Engineering Register. In 1886 he in- vented a method for marking channels. He was a member of the Niearaguan and the Isthmian Canal Commissions (1897-99), was president of the Colombia-Canea Arbitration (1897), and was chief engineer of the survey for ship canals across New Jersey, and was consulting engineer on the construction of the Ohio-Lake Erie ship canal. In addition to his numerous contribu- tions to engineering journals, his publications include: Working Draicings and How to Make and Use Them (1881): The Topographer — Bis Methods and Instruments (1884) ; Physical Phe- nomena of Barhor Entrances (1887); Canals and Their Economic Relation to Transportation (1890) ; and A Move for Better Roads ( 1891). HAUPT, houpt, MoRiTZ (1808-74). A well- known German philologist. He was born at Zit- tau, and studied from 1826 to 1830 at Leipzig, where in 1841 he was appointed professor of the German language and literature. For having participated in the agitation of 1848-49, he was deprived of his professorship. In 1853, however, he was called to Berlin to succeed Lachmann as professor of classical literature. In 1861 he became perpetual secretary of the Academy of Sciences. By his painstaking and scholarly criti- cal work he rendered distinguished service to both classical and German philology, chiefly as an editor of texts. In the former field he pub- lished: Quwstiones Catnllinnw (1857): Obserra- tiov.es Crilicw (1841): editions of Horace (4th ed. 1881). Catullus, Tihullus. Propertius (5th ed. 1885), Vergil (2d ed. 1873). and other classical writers. His chief contributions to German phi- lology were editions of Hartmann von Aue's Erec ( 1839) , Lieder und Biichlein, and Der arme Hein-
