HAYS. 668 HAYYTJG. buffaloes) ; "The Prairic-Dog Village;" "A Bison Bull at Bay;" '"Prairie on Fire;" and "Herd of Caribou in Nova Scotia." Although Hays was not a eolorist, his work is fresh and spirited. HAY'TER, Sir C4eokge (1792-1871). An English historical and portrait painter, born in London. He was the pupil of his father. Charles Hayter, a miniature painter, and of the Royal Academy. Afterwards he traveled much abroad. On his return he became painter to Queen Vic- toria. A number of his works are official pic- tures painted in this ca]>acity: they include "The Coronation of Queen Victoria." His work, exe- cuted in det-ail, is mannered and spiritless. HAYTER, Harrison (1825—). An English civil engineer. He was born at Falmouth, and was educated at King's College. His first ap- pointment was upon the construction staff of the Great Northern Railway. Among the other works with whioh he became associated are the Severn Tinnel. the Charing Cross and Cannon Street bridges in London, and one in India nearly a mile long; he built harbors and railways in England, and upon the Continent. His principal achievements were the canal at Amsterdam, the docks at Holyhead, and those at Buenos Ayres. HAYTI, ha'tl. See Haiti. HAY'WARD. The county-seat of Sa-vyer County, Wis.. 58 miles southwest of Ashland : on the Namakagon River, and on the Chicago. Saint Paul, Jlinneapolis and Omaha Railroad (Map: Wisconsin, B 2). It has a public libraiT and a United States Government Indian School. Lum- bering is the most important industry. Popula- tion (town), in 1900.2720. HAYWARD (AS. ha-igweard, from haga, OHG. hag, Ger. Hag, Eng. Itaic, hedge -|- iceard, OHG. tixirt, Ger. Wart, guard). The name orig- inally given in England to one who kept the com- mon herd of cattle of a town, or of a manor, when the copyhold or other tenants had the right of sending cattle to graze. In the New England vil- lages, particularly of ^lassachusetts, the name hayward was given to the keeper of the pound for strayed horses and cattle. The word is not now in general use in the United States. HAYWARD, ABR. AM (1801-84). An Eng- lish essayist, boni at Wilton, near Salisbury. He received his education at home with a tutor, and afterwards in the fine library of the solicitor to whom he was articled. While a student at the Inner Temple. London, he attracted attention as the joint editor of a law magazine, and also as a debater in the same club with J. S. Mill, whom he wrote against in later years. As a result of two German sojourns. Hayward made an accept- able translation of Goethe's Faust (1833). of which a second and enlarged edition was pub- lished the following year, and he was thus intro- duced into the society of such men of letters as Lockhart, Macaulay. and Sydney Smith. He wrote a book upon The Art of Dining (1852), be- sides numerous treatises upon legal subject~s, a travel sketch, critical essays on the authorship of the Letters of Junius, on the Crimean cam- paign, and other topics of his time. He left the Tory Party for the Whigs in 1846. but not re- ceiving from them the preferment he considered his due, he took revenge upon his enemies with tongue and pen. However, he had many warm friends, and was a noted club man, whist-player, and contributor of biographical and political es- says to the leading reviews. HAYWARD, Sir John (e.I564-I627). An English liiwtorian. He was born and educated at or near Feli.xstowe, Sufl'olk, and graduated at Cambridge. His earliest pi-oduction. The First Part of the Life and liaigne of Ilenrie the mi.. Extending lo the End of the First Yeaie of his liaigne (1599), placed him in the bad graces of Queen Elizabeth, who was easily persuaded that he was painting a moral for herself in his account of Richard II.'s downfall, and therefore had the historian imprisoned. Having learned policy, Hayward kept the favor of James I., dedi- cated books to him and his son, defended the divine right of kings, and advocated the imion of England and Scotland. Among his works are: An Ansirer to the First Part of a Certaine Con- ference Concerning Suceession (1603) ; The hives of the Three Xormans, Kings of England (1613) ; The Sanctuarie of a Troubled ^oulc (1616); David's Teares (1622-23) ; Christ's Prayer Upon the Crosse for His Enemies (1623); Of Su- prcmacie in Affaires of Religion (1624-25) ; and The Life and I'aigne of King Edward the Sixth (1030). published" after the author's death. HAY'WOOD, Eliza (c.1693-1756). • An Eng- lish novelist and dramatist, born probably in London. Her maiden name was Fowler. She married when she was yoimg, was deserted by her husband, and about 1715 appeared in Dub- lin and London as an actress. Steele's Sappho, in the Taller of April 23, 1709, is usually iden- tified with her, but wrongly it would seem from the dates. She rewrote The Fair Captive ( 1721 ) ; composed a comedy, A Wife to Lett (1723), in which she acted, and a tragedy, Frederick, Duke of Brunswick Luncnbiirgh (1729); and collabo- rated with Hatchett in Ojiera of Operas (1733). But she is best known for her novels, which brought upon her an attack by Pope in the Dun- ciad (book ii., 157 sqq. ). Mrs. Haywood and Curll replied with a Female Duneiad. A collected edition of her novels, not including the famous Memoirs of a Certain Island (1725) and The Se- cret History of the Present Intrigues of the Court of Caramania (1727), appeared in 1724. HAY- WORM. A lepidopterous larva {Asa- pia costalis), peculiar to North America, which has the strange habit of feeding normally upon dried hay, especially clover hay, but also upon timothy and alfalfa. In large numbers it at- tacks the hay. both in the mow and in the stack, cutting the leaves up into chaffy pieces and webbing them together with silken threads. The hay looks moldy, is infested with excremental pellets, and is distasteful to cattle. The larva is dirty white in color, and grows to a length of about three-fourths of an inch. The adult moth is lilac brown or purple, with two bands of a lighter shade on each fore wing. Old mows should be thoroughly cleaned out before putting new hay in a barn, and infested stacks should be burned. HAY'YTTG, .Jl-dah ben David (c.950- c.lOOOl. A Jewish grammarian. He was born at Fez, near the middle of the tenth century, went to Cordova, and became a pupil of the grammarian Menahem ben Saruk. His theory that all Hebrew stems contain three letters was an important contribution at the time to Hebrew ]iliilology and lexicography. He died in the be-
