HEHN. 718 EEIDELBEKG. {Berlin, 1891), and Sohiemann (Stuttgart, 18'J4). HEIBERG, luOierK, Hermann (1840—). A German novelist, born in Sehleswig, and educated there. He succeeded his father in his publishing house, sold it in 1870, and went to Berlin, where he was editor of the Xorddeuische AUgemeine Zei- tung and of the Spencrsche Zeitung, and, after a few years as a banker, devoted himself to litera- ture. His novels are modern and realistic, deal- ing mostly with family life; among the nearly threescore titles the following may be mentioned : Acht Xovellen (2ded. 1895) ; Apotheker Heinrich (2d ed. 1890) ; Eine vQnwhme Frau (2ded.l889) ; i^sthers Ehc (2d ed. 1890) ; Menschea unterein- under (2d ed. 1896) ; Hocliste Liebe schiceigt ! (2d cd. 1894); Zivischen drei Feuern (1895); Merkur und Amor (1898); Vieles urn Eine (1900); Drcissig Geschichtcn (1901); Zicei Frauen (1901). Consult Merian, Hermann Heiberg (Leipzig, 1S91). HEIBERG. JOHAXX Ludvig (1791-lSGO). A Danish poet and critic, born in Copenhagen. He was the son of Peter Andreas Heiberg, and of a famous novelist who later became Baroness Gyllembourg-Ehrensvard (q.v.). The father was exiled in 1800, and the mother cared for the son till he entered the University of Copenhagen in 1809. He spent four years in study and travel, and in 181.3 wrote at Stockholm "Hjemkomsten" (The Return Home), a poem of much strength. This was followed by a drama, The Theiitre for Marionettes (1813), and other work that brought Heiberg after his graduation (1817) a grant from the Government for travel. He passed 1819-22 at Paris with his exiled father. For three years he was professor of Danish at Kiel, and lectured on the compara- tive merits of the Eddas and Oehlensehlager (German trans., 1827). In 1825 he returned to Copenhagen, endeavored vainly to propagate He- gel's metaphysics, and produced in rapid suc- cession national dramas, comedies, vaudevilles, and farces, while editing the Copenliagen Flying Post, and writing also poems collected in 1841, two of which, "A Soul After Death," and "The Newly Wedded," are masterpieces. Much of all this work was satirical, and Heiberg grew in- creasingly unpopular, especially for a malicious dramatic skit. The Xiit-CracJcer (1845). Yet in spite of this he was made director of the National Theatre in 1849. a post from which he was forced by intrigue in 1856, after which he was made theatre censor. He died in Paris. Hei- herg's Works are in twenty-two volumes (Copen- hagen, 1861-62). HEIBERG, Peter Andreas (1758-1841). A Danish writer, born at Vordingborg, on the island of Seeland. From 1788 he was active at Copen- hagen as a translator, and, with MalteBrun ( q.v. ) , as an exponent of liberal ideas and a scath- ing critic of the Danish Government. In 1790 he was accused of a series of offenses against a newly enacted press law, and was banished the kingdom. He went to France, was there ap- pointed by Napoleon to a post in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and obtained a pension from Louis XVIII. In his Rigdalersedlens Hcdndelser ("Adventures of a Bank-Note"), and more par- ticularly in his operettas and comedies, he un- sparingly satirized the existing regime for its obscurantist tendencies and its unfairness. As a dramatist he was perhaps second to Holberg (q.v.) in influence, but was greatly inferior to him in merit. One of his comedies appeared in an English rendering, by C. H. Wilson, as Poverty and ll>oJ(7i (London, 1799). He further wrote political treatises in Danish and French. Con- sult the study by Schwanenfliigel (Copenhagen, 1891); also Heiberg's own Erindringer af min politiske og Uteraire Xandel i Frankrige (Chris- tiania, 1830), and Longfellow, Tlte Poets and Poetry of Europe (New York and London, 1855). HEIDEGGER, hi'deg-er, Johann Heinrich (1633-98). A Swiss theologian, born at Barent- schweil, in the Canton of Ziirich. He was a student at Marburg and Heidelberg, and after- wards returned to the latter town as professor of Hebrew and then of philosophy. In 1665 he was made professor of moral philosophy at Ziirich. An ardent reformer and expert controvertist, he was the author, with Turretin, of the Formula Consensus Helvetica (1675), the object of which was to effect a league of the Reformed churches. This plan, however, failed. He was the author of a number of other works of little interest now, mostly directed against the Catholic Church, and including Anatome ConciUi Trid-entini (2 vols,, 1672), and a Historia Papatus (1()84|, pub- lished under the pseudonym Nicander von Ho- henegg. HEIDELBERG, hi'del-berK, A city of Ger- many, formerly capital of the Palatinate, situat- ed in the northern part of Baden, on the left bank of the Neckar, 12 miles southeast of Mann- heim, and 55 miles south of Frankfort (Map: Germany, C 4 ) . It is renowned for its I'omantio picturesqueness and historic environs. The old town lies on a beautiful slope between the castle hill and the river. It consists mainly of one street (Hauptstrasse) about one and a half miles long, and is architecturally very interesting. The newer portion of Heidelberg extends westward. The interesting Rathaus was built in 1704, Among the ecclesiastical edifices, the most promi- nent are the late-Gothic Heiliggeistkirche, of the fifteenth century, erected under the Emperor Ru- pert, whose tomb it holds, and the Protestant Church of Saint Peter, restored in the ornate Gothic style in 1867, In addition to the famous university (q.v.), Heidelberg is celebrated for its castle, one of the most interesting in Europe, now to a great extent a ruin. It overlooks the town on the east and is surrounded by a splendid park. It was probably ftfinided by " Conrad of Hohenstaufen in the twelfth century, and was enlarged at various times by the rulers of the Palatinate, the pala- tial portions dating from the sixteenth century and the earlier part of the seventeenth. The castle was well-nigh destroyed in the desolating wars waged by Louis XIV, toward the close of the seventeenth century. It was largely rebuilt, then ruined ijy lightning in 1764 and left in its present condition. This ivy-clad, moated castle, , reached by a bridge, and rising with careless grandeur in the midst of beautiful trees and foliage, consists of a number of buildings con- structed at different periods. The yard is faced by the highly decorated facades of the castle's two finest buildings — the Friedrichs-Bau and the Otto-Hcinrichs-Bau, The former is a grandiose, late-Renaissance building, dating from 1601, The latter, dating from 1556, with a striking portal.
