HEILBRONN. 721 town is lighted by gas, supplied by a municipal plant, and by electrieity. Industrially it is of great importance. It pro- duces chemicals, silver articles, machinery, sugar, cigars, soda, chicory, coffee, etc. In the viciuily are situated e.vtensive salt works and numerous vineyards. The town has four harbors and a large trade in groceries, agricultural products, wood and coal. The magnificent views in the vicinity embrace the mountains of Middle Ger- many, the Black Forest, aiul the Vosges. Ileil- bronn is of considerable antiquity. After an e.xistcnce of some 500 years it became a town in 122.') and a free city in KiOO. It suffered greatly from war through the Middle Ages. Here, "in 1G33, in the course of the Thirty Years' War. a treaty of alliance was concluded between the German Protestant States and Sweden. Ileil- hronn came into the possession of Wiirttemberg in 1802. Population, in 1890, 29,93!l ; in 1900, 37,891, mostly Protestants. HEILBUTH, hinxJot, Ferdinand (1826-89). A genre painter born at Hamburg, but natural- ized as a Frenchman. He traveled and studied in Italy, and finally settled in Paris. His pictures are charming in color and full of humor and grace. Among them may be mentioned the fol- lowing: "Palestrina's Rehearsal" (18.57); "Luca Signorelli by the Body of His Slain Son" (1859), in the Hamburg Gallery; "Mont de Pi6te" (1861), in the Luxembourg: and "On Monte Pincio," in the Corcoran Gallery, Washington, B. C. He also painted some excellent portraits. He received second-class medals at the Salons of 1857, 1859, and 1861, and the legion of Honor in 1881. HEIL DIR IM SIEGERKRANZ, h!l der Im ze'gCr-krants (Ger., Hail to thee with victor's crown). The Prussian national hymn, the orig- inal words for which were written by Heinrich Harries. They were published in the Flomhurfier Wochenblatt of .Tanuary 27, 1790. as "A Song for the Danish Subject to sing on his King's Birthday" to the melodv of the English national hymn, "God Save Great George, the King." In 1793 B. G. Schumacher published a revised version in five stanzas which soon became the national hymn. HEILPRIN, hll'prin, Angelo (1853—). An American naturalist and traveler, son of Michael Heilprin. He was born in Hungarv. and came to the United States in 1856. In 1876-78 he prose- cuted his studies at the Royal School of Mines, London, at Geneva, and at the Imperial Geologi- cal Institution of Vienna. He was professor of invertebrate palfcontolog>' and genlogv' at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia ( 1884- 1900), executive curator of that institution from 1883 to 1892, and the first president of the Geographical Society of Philadelphia. In 1886 he made a journey to Florida and determined the geological structure of the peninsula. In 1888 he investigated the structure of the Ber- muda Islands, and in 1890 made a journey to Mexico which yielded valuable results in connec- tion with the geology of the great central plateau, and in the course of which be ascended Orizaba, Popocatepetl, and Iztaccihuatl. making new ba- rometric measurements of their altitude. In 1892 Professor Heilprin led the Peary Relief Ex- pedition to Greenland. After the destruction of Saint-Pierre. Martinique, by the eruption of Mont Pclfe. in 1902, he made two journeys to the HEILSBRONN. island, and repeatedly climbed to the crater while the volcano was in eruption. Among his publi- cations arc: Voiitribulions to the TcriUiry (le- ology and I'ala'ontology of the United /S>(a(es (1884); The (Ivoijrijphical and Gcoluyical Dis- tribution, of Animals (1887); The (Icoloyical Ecidcnccs'of Evolution (1888); The licrmuda Islands (1889); I'rineiples of Oeology (1890); The Arctic Problem (1893) ; The Earth and Its Htory (1896) ; Alaska and the Klondike (1899) ; ilont Pelce and the Tragedy of Martinique (1902). HEILPRIN, Loui.s (1851—). An American scliolar and encyclopa'dist, brother of Angelo Heilprin. He was born iu Hungary. He became connected with various American cncyclopiedic publications, including the New International Encyclopadin, and is tlie author of the Ilistorical Reference Book. (SSi; 0th ed. 1899). HEILPRIN, Michael (1823-88). A biblical scholar, critic, and writer. He was born at Piotrkow, Russian Poland, of Jewish parents. He belonged to a family whose members were distinguished in the field of Hebrew lore as far back as the sixteenth century. His father, Phineas Mendel Heilprin, a Hebrew scholar of note, left Poland with his family in 1842, in con- sequence of the oppressive measures of the Rus- sian Government, and settled in Hiuigary. On the outbreak of the Hung;irian Revolution of 1848, Michael Heilprin threw himself ardently into the movement for national independence headed by Kossuth, whose friend he became. He published stirring war songs in the Magyar lan- guage, of which he had made himself master, and Avas appointed secretary of the literary bureau attached to the Ministry of the Interior under Szemere. After the collapse of the Revolution, Heilprin lived for a short time in exile, and in 1850 he settled in the United States. lie was connected with the .A'ew American Cyelopeedia from 1858. and was one of the associate editors of the new edition of that publication (1873-76). On the establishment of the New York Nation in 1865, he became one of the regular contribu- tors, his articles embracing a wide range in cur- rent European history and literary criticism. In 1879 he published the first volume of The His- torical Poetry of the Ancient Ilehren'S, Tran.'.-laled and Critically Examined, a, work of profound original research, which at once took a position both in America and Europe as a most valuable contribution to advanced biblical criticism. The second volume appeared in 1880, the work being left incomplete at the author's death. Heilprin devoted the last years of his life in great meas- ure to furthering Rirssian-.Tewish agricultural colonization in the United States. lie was a scholar of encyclopicdie knowledge, and was fa- miliar with more than a dozen languages. HEILSBRONN, hilsliron. A small town in the Bavarian circle of Middle Franconia, situ- ated 20 miles from Xuremberg. The Cistercian .bbey of Heilsbronn, the burial place of the Hohenzollern burgraves of Nuremberg, of the first Hohenzollern Electors of Brandenburg, and of a munber of Franconian princes of the hovi.se, owed its origin in 1132 to Bishop Otho of Bam- berg. The church contains monuments commem- orative of ancient German history, and illustra- tive of the progress of art in Gernianv dur- ing the IMiddle Ages. Population, in 1900. 1208.
