HEIDEN. 720 HEILBKOSrif. (1857). He was professor of agricultural chem- istry at Waldau (1862-67) and at Berlin; and, in 1808, was appointed to the superiuteudency of the experimental station at Pommritz. He wrote: Die Phosphorsiiure (1864) ; Lchrbuch der Ihuiigerlehre (2d ed. 1879-87); Die landwirt- schaftlichen Versuchsstationen (2d ed. 1874) ; Leitfaden der gesamien Diingerlehre und titatik des Landbaues (3d ed. 1892) ; Ueber die zweck- juiissigstc Ernithruiig des Schiceins (1879) ; and, with Aliiller and Langsdorff, Die Verwertung der stiidtischen Fiikalien (1885). HEIDENHAIN, hi'den-hln, Rudolf Peter Heinrich (1S34-07). A German physiologist, born at JIarienwerder, and educated at Konigs- berg, Halle, and Berlin. He spent several years in experimental research with Du Bois-Re.ymond, and became docent at Halle ( 1857) and professor at Breslau (1S59). Besides many contributions to the foremost German technical journals of his- tology, anatomy, and physiology, he published : Physiologische Studien (1856); Mechanische Lcisfiiiig, yviirmeentxmcklung und Stoffumsatz hei der MuskeltMtigkeit (1864) ; Der sogenannte lierisehe Magtwtismus (1880); Die Vivisektion im Dienste der Heilkunde (1879) ; Die Vivisek- tion (1884); and Beitrdge Sur Bistologie und Fhgsiologie der Diinndarmschleimhaut (1888). Consult Griitzner. Ziim Andenken an Rudolf Hei- denhain (Bonn, 1899). HEIDENHEIM, hl'den-lilm. A town of Wurt- temberg, Germany, situated on the Brenz, a short distance from the Bavarian frontier (Map: Ger- many, D 4 ) . It has a number of large manufac- turing establishments, including cotton-mills, machine-shops, cigar-factories, chemical-works, etc. Population, in 1900, 10,510. HEIDENMAUER, hi'dcnmou'er (Ger., hea- then wall). (1) A name given in Germany to the remains of various prehistoric fortifications of German and Roman origin. Such ramparts are foimd on the Ottilicnberg. a hill of the Vosges in Lower Alsace, and on the Kastanienberg near Diirkheim, in the Palatinate. (2) A novel by James Fenimore Cooper (1832). The scene is laid in the Vosges during the Middle Ages. HEIDENSTAM:. hi'den-stam, Yerner von (1859 — ). A Swedish litterateur, born at 01- shammar (Nerike Province). He studied painting at the Stockholm Academy, but later turned to literature; took prominent rank among contem- porary Swedish verse-writers by his collections, Vallfahrt nch Vnndringsar (1888) and Dik.ter (1895), and wrote further, among various works, the volinnes of prose sketches, Fran Col di Tenda till nioxberg (1888) and ^aint Goran och draken (1900; in a German rendering, 1902). His poetical work is original in content, but unequal and often crude in technical structure. HEIGEIi, hi'gel, Ivarl August von (1835 — ) . A German poet, born in Munich, and edu- cated at the university there. In 1863 he went to Berlin, and from 1805 to 1875 was editor of the Bazar. From 1875 on he lived a wandering life in Munich, the Tyrol, and Italy, occupying himself with literary work under the patronage of Louis II. of Bavaria. After the death of the King. Heigel lived at Eiva, on Lake Garda. His principal works are: The dramas, Marfa; Vor hundert Jahren ; Freunde; Die Zarin : Die Heimkehr ; the novels. Die schtinc Zarin; Josephine Bonaparte; the epic, Bar Cochba, der letzte Judenhonig (1857); the sto- ries, Ohne Gewissen ( 1871 ) ; Die Dame ohne Herz (1873); Benedictus (1875); Das ewige hicht (1877); Es regnct (1878); Der Karneval in ^'enedig (1878) ; Mosaik (1886) ; Das Geheimnis des Konigs (1891) ; Der reine 'Dior (1891) ; Der lioman einer Stadt (1893); Gluck-aiuck (1894); Der Herr Stationschef (1897); Am hlauen Gar- dasee (1898); Der Mahradscha (1900); Die ntuen Hciligen (1900); and the biographies, Karl Stieler (1890) and Eoriig Liidwig 11. von Bay em (1892). HEIGEL, Kakl Theodor von (1842—). A German historian, brother of Karl August von Heigel. He was educated at Munich, his native city; became docent of history (1873), member of the Academy (1876), professor extraordinary in the university (1879), full professor (1883) in the polytechnic institute, and in 1885 profes- sor and director of the historical seminary in tlie university. His works include: Das Herzog- tum Bayern, zur Zeit Heinrichs des Lowen und Ottos von Wittelsbach (with Riezler, 1867) ; Imdwig I. Konig von Baytrn (1872) ; Der oster- reichische Erhfolgesireit (1877); Quellen und Abhandlungen zur neuern Geschichte Bayerns (1890); Nymphenburg (1891); and Deutsche Geschichte vom Tode Friedrichs des Grossen bis zur Auflosutig des alien Reichs (1892 — ). With H. Grauert he became editor of Historische Ab- handlungen (Munich, 1891 et seq.). HEIGHTS, :Measubement of. See Level- ing; Hypsometry. HEIJN, hin, or HEYN, Piet (1578-1629). A Dutch admiral. He was born at Delftshaven near Rotterdam. In 1626 he engaged and ut- terly defeated the Portuguese in All Saints Bay, Brazil, and returned to Holland with an im- mense booty. Onlj' two years after this he cap- tured, in the Bay of Matanzas, almost without a blow, the grand Spanish silver flotilla, the value of which was estimated at 12,000,000 Dutch guilders. As a reward he was named admiral of Holland, in 1629. Shortly after, he met his death in a naval encounter off Dunkirk. HEILBEONN, hll-bron'. A manufacturing town of W'iirttemberg, Germany, situated on the Neckar (here navigable), 33 miles by rail north- east of Stuttgart (Map: Germany, C 4). The old section of Heilbronn is surrounded by a fine avenue laid out on the site of the ancient fortifications. In this part are the interesting Gothic Church of Saint Kilian, begun in the eleventh century, and recently restored, with a rich carved altar; the late Gothic Rathaus of the sixteenth century, with a remarkable clock, and associated intimately with the his- tory of Giitz von Berlichingen. as is also the Giitzenturm where he was imprisoned, a rem- nant of the old fortifications ; the administration building, originally an Imperial palace and after- wards occupied by the Teutonic Order; and the Schonthaler Hof where Charles V. once sojourned for the sake of the Heilbronn waters. Schiller lived in Heilbronn for a time, and his house is shown. There are an historical museum, a theatre, interesting archives (among which are letters from Gustavus Adolphus. Charles XII.. Schiller, and others), a gynmasium founded at the beginning of the seventeenth century, a splen- did post-ofiice, schools of music and of agri- culture, and a meteorological observatory. The
