HEKTDEBSON. 756 HENBERSON. Tatar, Persian, Turkish, Armenian, Manchu, Mongolian, and Coptic. The first Bible society in Denmark was organized by him (1814); he was associated with the London Religious Tract Society and the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel Among the Jews. He published an account of his travels in Iceland (1818) ; Russia (1826) ; The Vaudois: A Tour to the Valleys of Piedmont (184:)) ; several volumes of Bible an- notations; enlarged Charles Buck's Theological Dictionary ( 1833) ; and edited numerous volumes of other writers. For his life, consult Henderson (London, 1859). HENDERSON, James Pinckney (1808-58). An American soldier and political leader. He was born in Lincoln County, N. C. ; practiced law in Mississippi, went to Texas in 1836, and ser'ed as brigadier-general during the revolution of that year. He was Secretary of State of the Texan Republic in 1837-39, was a minister to England and France to secure the recognition of Texan independence, and went to Washington in 1844 to secure annexation. He was a member of the Texas Constitutional Convention in 1845, and in the following year was elected first Gov- ernor of the State after annexation. He served in the Mexican War, and was presented with a sword by Congress. In 1857 he was appointed Senator from Te.xas as a State-Rights Demo- crat. HENDERSON, .John (1747-85). An English actor of Scotch descent, native of Cheapside, London. In Bath (1772) he made his debut as Hamlet, was fairly successful in other Shake- spearean roles, and came to be known as 'Bath Roscius.' In 1777 he was acting at the Hay- market, London, and for the two following years was with Sheridan at Drury Lane, making him- self famous as Shylock and FalstaflF, besides creating characters in plays of Shirley, Cumber- land, Jephson, and Mackenzie. He was engaged at Covent Garden from 1779 until his death, and was ever remembered gratefully by Mrs. Siddons, whom he had encouraged, and by many others of the profession, though Garrick was jealous of him, and he had earned the ill will of another actor- manager by his powers of mimicry. The deficien- cies of Henderson's voice and person were over- balanced by the superior qualities of his mind, and he achieved special renown as a reader and a reciter of dramatic monologues. Gainsborough, his intimate friend, painted his picture, and there are portraits of him also by Stewart and Romney. He was buried in Westminster Abbey. HENDERSON, Peter (1822-90). A Scotch- American horticulturist, born at Pathhead. Scot- land. He came to America in 1843, and engaged in horticultural pursuits. In 1862 he opened a seed store in New York City, and in 1871 under- took the seed business on a large scale under the firm name of Peter Henderson & Co. He was not only very successful as a seed-merchant, but also did much to develop improved varieties of horticultural plants. He has been deservedly called 'the father of horticulture and ornamental gardening' in the United States. He wrote much for horticultural journals, and was the author of the epoch-making bonk entitled Practical Flori- culture (1867), which has passed through many editions. Some of his other works are: Garden- ing for Profit (1860) ; Oardening for Pleasure (1875) ; and Garden and Farm Topics (1884), HENDERSON, Richard (1734-85). An American pioneer, born in Hanover County, Va. He removed to Granville County, N. C, in 1762; studied law, was admitted to the bar. and in 1769 was appointed Associate Justice of the Superior Court. After the Declaration of Independence and the organization of the State Government in North Carolina, he was reelected judge, but was prevented from accepting that position by his participation in a scheme organized under the name of the Transylvania Land Company, by which in 1775 the Cherokee Indians were induced to transfer to the company all the land lying between the Cumberland River, the Cumberland Jlountains, and the Kentucky River, and situated south of the Ohio. This territory, half as large as the present State of Kentucky, was organized by Henderson and his associates into a political community, with president, legislature, and judges; but the State of Virginia annulled the purchase from the Indians, whose chiefs had signed the Treaty of Watoga for the purposes of the transfer. Nevertheless the enterprise and success of Henderson and his friends in coloniza- tion and settlement were rewarded by the Vir- ginia Legislature with the grant of a tract of land twelve miles square on the Ohio River, be- low the mouth of Greene River. After a short residence in Nashville, Tenn., where he practiced law. he returned to North Carolina, and engaged in farming on a large scale. HENDERSON, Thomas (1798-1844). A Scotch astronomer, born at Dundee, and edu- cated at the academy of that city. He had to go to work at fifteen, but all his spare time was spent on astronomy. From 1819 to 1831 he was secretary to the Earl of Lauderdale and to Lord Jeffrey, and during this period became known to astronomers ni Edinburgh and to the Royal Society of London. In 1831 he was made royal astronomer at the Cape of Good Hope, succeed- ing Fellows, but resigned two years later; was appointed astronomer royal for Scotland, pro- fessor of practical astronomy at Edinburgh, and director of the Calton Hill Observatory. He •died at Edinburgh. Henderson wrote contribu- tions, on the orbits of several comets, to the Astronomische Nachriehten; and published five volumes of his observations ( 1838-43 ; continued by Smyth, 1843-52). He is best known for his new method of calculating occultations (1824) and for his remarkable ability in astronomical cftmputation. HENDERSON, William James (1855—). An American musical critic and scholar, born at Newark, N. J. He is regarded as one of the most accomplished scholars in music in America, and is a frequent contributor to the leading magazines and reviews. He graduated from Princeton in 1876. and immediately began work as a journalist, serving in 1883 as a re- porter, four years later as the musical critic of the New York Times, and in 1902 of the New York Sun. Later he received the ajjpointment of lecturer on musical history in the New Y'ork College of Music. Besides writing the librettos to a number of light operas, he published: What is Good Music? (1898) and Bow music Devel- oped (1899), both of which are regarded as authorities. He also published Preludes and Studies, a story ol music. The Orchestra and
