JOHNSON. 257 JOHNSON. major-general and the command of a division. He was eliief of staff at the defense of Fort Don- elson, and two months later commanded a brigade at Shiloh (April 6 and 7, 1802). At Perrjrille and at Jlurfrcesboro his brigade was engaged in some of the most desperate fighting, while at Chickamauga, according to Gen. X>. H. Hill, it was due to Jolmson's initiative that the Confed- erates swept tlie Federal right wing from the field. Toward the close of the war his force joined Lee's army, and took part in the actions at Drewry's Blufl' and around Petersburg. After the surrender lie returned to the Western Jlili- tary Institute, where he became professor of engineering, mechanics, and natural philosophy. JOHNSON, Cave (1793-1866). An American politician. He was born in Robertson County, Tennessee; received an academic education, studied law, was admitted to the bar, and prac- ticed successfully at Clarksville until his appoint- ment to the bench of the State Circuit Court in 1820. He resigned his judgeship in 1829. upon his election as a Democrat to the Twenty-first Con- gress. By successive reelections he served until 1837, when he was defeated by the AVhig candi- date, but was again elected in 1839 and continued to serve until 1845. He was a ready debater and a stanch supporter of .Jackson, and opposed with spirit the nullification movement and the United States Bank. In 1845 he entered the Cabinet of President Polk as Postmaster-General, serving throughout the administration and favoring the President's ilexican policy, though with little enthusiasm. From 1850 to 1859 he was president of the State Bank of Tennessee, and on the out- break of the Civil War. although an old man, threw himself with energy- into the movement to keep Tennessee in the Union, spoke frequently in opposition to secession, and supported and ad- vised Andrew Johnson. In 1863 he was elected to the Unionist Legislature of Tennessee, but ill health prevented his taking any part in legis- lation. JOHNSON, Ch.rles (1679-1748). An Eng- lish dramatist, born probably in London. He first studied for the bar, but afterwards gave himself to authorship and produced nineteen mediocre plays. Pope satirized him in an edition of the Dunciad. His works include: The Wife's Relief, or the Husband's Cure (1711) ; Country Lasses, or the Custom of the Manor (1715) ; The Sultaness ( 1717) . a tragedy taken from the Bnja- zet of Racine; and Crrlia. or the Perjured Lorer (1733). He was frequently guilty of plagiarism. JOHNSON, D.xiEL (1629-751. An English buccaneer, born at Bristol. When twenty-five years old he was sold as a slave in the West In- dies by the Spaniards, who had taken the mer- chant vessel in which he was a sailor, but escaped in 1657 and became a rover of the high seas, revenging his wrongs wherever possible upon Spanish shipping and towns. His depredations were upon such a gigantic scale that .$25,000 were offered for his capture, and it was at length accomplished by four ships to one. .Johnson's wounds were many and dangerous, but the Span- iards waited till they were healed before execut- ing him at Panama. JOHNSON. David (1827 — ). An American painter, bom in Xew York City. He was self- taught, except for a few lessons from .T. F. Crop- sey. He was one of the founders of the .rtist3' Fund Society (1859) and a member of the Na- tional Academy ( 1862) . His works, owned mainly by private collectors, include "Echo Lake" (1869), "Lake George" (1870), "Greenwood Lake" (1878), "Scenery on the Housatonic" (1876), and "A Brook Study, Orange County" (1870). JOHNSON, E.STMAX (1S24— ). An Ameri- can genre and portrait painter. He was born in Lovell, ilaine, .July 29, 1824. He received his education in the public schools of Augusta, Maine, and when eighteen years of age he made several portraits in black and white. In 1845 he spent one year in Washington, D. C, painting tlie portraits of Daniel Webster and John Quincy Adams. In the three following years, during his residence in Boston, he painted the portraits of Longfellow and his famil.v, of Emerson, and Haw- thorne. In 1849 he went abroad, studying with Leutze and at the Royal Academy, Diisseldorf; then in Paris. Italy, and Holland, spending four years at The Hague, where he painted two well-known pictures, "The Savoyard" and "The Card Players." He returned to the L^nited States in 1856, spending one year in the Indian country on the shores of Lake Superior. In 1858 he made his residence in Xew York, and was elected a member of the Xational Academy of Design in 1860. Eastman .Johnson has technical ability, but is conservative in method. JIany of his works have been lithographed and engraved. Among his chief works are: "Spanish Woman" (1862) ; "Old Stage Coach" (1871) ; "Milton Dic- tating to His Daughters" ( 1875) ; "Hu^ing Bee" (1876); "Cranberry Harvest" (1880); portraits of Presidents Cleveland and Harrison ; of Tlieo- dore D. Woolsey, .John D. Rockefeller. William H. Vanderbilt, Cornelius Vanderliilt. William B. Astor, ilrs. Alexander Hamilton, Mrs. August Belmont, and Mrs. Hamilton Fish. The Metro- politan Museum, New York, possesses two por- traits by him, "Two Men" and Sanford R. Gilford. JOHNSON, Edward (1599-1672). An Ameri- can colonial official and historical writer, born in Kent, England. He came to Massachusetts Bay with the party of Governor Winthrop in 16.30, and engaged in trade with the Indians. In 1642 he was recorder of the meeting which organized the town and church of Woburn. Mass., and served as recorder of the town imtil his death. With the exception of 1648. he yearly represented the town in the General Court from 1643 to 1671, being Speaker in 1655, and sen-ing upon many important committees. He published anonymously a Historii of yew Enf/Iand from the Enplish Planting in the Teere 1G28 Untill the Teere 1652 (London. 1654) . which is better known by the sub- title The Wnnder-ii:orI;in(j Providence of Zion's Saviour. Much of the book was copied in the so- called Oorfjes Tracts. It is valuable for the minute account of civil and ecclesiastical pro- cedure in the Bay Colony, and was reprinted in Massachusetts Historical Collection, second series, vols. i.. ii., iii., iv.. vii., viii. There is also a facsimile edition, with an elaborate introduction by W. F. Poole (Andover, 1867). JOHNSON, E. Pailine (1862—). A Cana- dian poetess. She was born at Chiefwood. on the Grand River Reserve, in Ontario. Her father was George Henry M. Johnson, head chief of the IMnhawk Indians. Her mother was Emily S. Hnwells. a native of Bristol. England. She was educated by private tutors and at the Brantford Model School. In 1894 she visited England,
