the war was fought on the Lower Rio Grande, near Palo Alto, a month after Appomattox.
Following out his plan of reconstruction, June 17, 1865, President Johnson appointed as provisional Governor A. J. Hamilton, a man conspicuous in antebellum Texas politics. A convention was called which adopted the Constitution in force in the State prior to secession, with amendments recognizing the abolition of slavery, renouncing the right of secession, conferring civil rights on freedmen, repudiating the State debt incurred during the war, and assuming the tax which had been laid by the United States Government on the State during the period of secession. The people ratified this Constitution and under it J. W. Throckmorton was elected Governor. The Reconstruction Acts of 1867 placed the State under the military authority, with General Sheridan in command. The carpetbaggers followed and the new reconstruction occupied the next three years. A constitution was submitted to the people in November, 1869, when Congressmen and State officers were elected, and on March 30, 1870, Texas was readmitted to the Union. At the election in November, 1872, the Democrats secured control of the State; and in December, 1873, a Democratic victory made Richard Coke Governor. By this time the State had became involved in debt to the extent of several millions of dollars on the score of reconstruction. The memory of reconstruction and the race problem have served to keep the State consistently Democratic.
| Governors of Coahuila and Texas | ||
| José Maria Viesca, First Constitutional Governor | 1827-30 | |
| Rafael Eca y Musquiz | 1830-31 | |
| José Maria de Letona | 1831-32 | |
| Rafael Eca v Musquiz | 1832-33 | |
| Juan M. de Veramendi | 1833-84 | |
| Francisco V. y Villaseñor | 1834-35 | |
| José Maria Cantú | 1835 | |
| Marciel Borrego | 1835 | |
| Augustin Viesca | 1835 | |
| PROVISIONAL GOVERNOR BEFORE THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE | ||
| Henry Smith | November 12, 1835-March 18, 1836 | |
| PRESIDENTS UNDER THE REPUBLIC | ||
| David G. Burnet | March 18, 1836-October 22, 1836 | |
| Sam Houston | October 22, 1836-December, l838 | |
| Mirabeau B. Lamar | December, 1838-December, 1840 | |
| David G. Burnet (acting) | December, 1840-December, 1841 | |
| Sam Houston | December, 1841-December, 1844 | |
| Anson Jones | December, 1844-February 19, 1846 | |
| GOVERNORS OF THE STATE | ||
| James P. Henderson | Democrat | 1846-47 |
| George T. Wood | “ | 1847-49 |
| P. Hansborough Bell | “ | 1849-53 |
| Elisha M. Pease | “ | 1853-57 |
| Hardin O. Runnels | “ | 1857-59 |
| Sam Houston | Independent and Unionist | 1859-61 |
| Edward Clark (acting) | Democrat | 1861 |
| Francis R. Lubbock | “ | 1861-63 |
| Pendleton Murray | “ | 1863-65 |
| Andrew J. Hamilton, Prov. | Unionist | 1865-66 |
| James W. Throckmorton | “ | 1866-67 |
| Elisha M. Pease | Republican | 1867-70 |
| Edmund J. Davis | “ | 1870-74 |
| Richard Coke | Democrat | 1874-77 |
| Richard B. Hubbard | “ | 1877-79 |
| Oran M. Roberts | “ | 1879-83 |
| John Ireland | “ | 1883-87 |
| Lawrence S. Ross | “ | 1887-91 |
| James S. Hogg | “ | 1891-95 |
| Charles A. Culberson | “ | 1895-99 |
| Joseph D. Sayers | “ | 1899-1903 |
| S. W. Lanham | “ | 1903— |
Bibliography. Kennedy, Texas, Geography, Natural History, and Topography (New York, 1844); Geological Surveys of Texas (Austin, 1858 et seq.); Roberts, Description of Texas (Saint Louis, 1881); Spaight, The Resources, Soil, and Climate of Texas (Galveston, 1882); Hill, “Present Condition of the Knowledge of the Geology of Texas,” in United States Geological Survey Bulletin 45, containing bibliography (Washington, 1887); Rhodes, Birds of Southwestern Texas and Arizona (Philadelphia, 1892); Raines, Bibliography of Texas (Austin, 1896). For history, consult: Yoakum, History of Texas (New York, 1856); Foote, Texas and the Texans (Philadelphia, 1841); Thrall, History of Texas (New York, 1850) ; Bancroft, Mexican States and Texas (San Francisco, 1885); Baker, History of Texas (New York, 1893); Wooten (editor), Comprehensive History of Texas 1685-1897 (Dallas, 1898); Lubbock, Six Decades in Texas (Austin, 1900); Garrison, Texas, in “American Commonwealth Series” (Boston, 1903); Texas State Historical Quarterly (Austin, 1897 et seq.).
TEXAS, University of. A coeducational institution at Austin, Texas, with a medical department at Galveston, founded upon a grant of 1,000,000 acres of land by the Legislature in 1876. In 1883 an additional million acres was set apart and the university was opened. The medical building at Galveston was completed in 1890, when the department was opened and the John Sealey Hospital, presented the previous year, was occupied. The medical buildings were in great part rebuilt after the disastrous Galveston flood of 1900. Besides the medical department the university embraces the department of literature, sciences, and arts, offering the degrees of B.A., B.Lit., B.S., M.A., and M.S.; the department of engineering, conferring the degrees of civil engineer and engineer of mines; and the department of law, conferring the degrees of LL.B. and LL.M. New departments in electricity and mechanical engineering were established in 1903, when it was decided to give no degree for undergraduate work after 1906 except that of B.A. Two summer schools are conducted at Austin during June and July. In 1902 the student attendance was 1378, and the faculty numbered 109. The library had 40,000 volumes. The endowment was $1,363,000 and the income $275,303.
TEXAS FEVER (also known as Spanish splenic or acclimation fever, American cattle plague, red water, black water, yellow murrain, and bloody murrain). An epizoötic, reputed contagious or infectious fever of cattle, confined to regions south of the 37th parallel of north latitude, except when communicated by cattle brought from there. The cause is charged to Pyrosoma bigominum, a protozoön found in the blood. Observations indicate that in the permanently infected districts cattle become accustomed to the influence of the protozoa, which pass through the organism without creating much disturbance, and generally without being noticed. It is claimed, however, that native cattle in more northern regions, not being protected by previous habitual exposure, are subject to injury. One of the first symptoms is an elevation of temperature, which ranges usually from 106° to 108° F., and sometimes as high as 110°. With this rise are symptoms of languor and fatigue, as drooping of the head, and lopped ears. In advanced cases the
