TSO TSTTNG-T'ANG. 513 THAT. Manas. Pidjan, Turfan. and Ku-clie, north of the Tian-Shan : and by .January 2, 1878, Ilarashar, Aksu, Kashgar, Yarkand. Yengi-shar, and Kho- tan — all in Eastern Turkestan, south of the Tian Shan — had been reconquered, and the campaign brought to a close. Tso was made a marquis and received many other honors. On liis return to Peking in 1881 lie liecaiiie a member of the Tsung- li Yamen. and immediately succeeded in having all the Chinese students in the United States recalled. In the same year he was transferred to Nanking as Governor-General of Hunan and Hu-peh. whence in 1884, on the outbreak of French hostilities in connection with the Tong- king affair, lie was ordered to Fu-chow to direct the military operations, and died there in the following year. TSOW-HIEN, tsou'hyen'. A small district or lu-efcctural city of Shan-tung, China, noted as the birthplace of Mencius (q.v. ) and the home of his lineal descendant and representative. It is about 15 miles east of Kiuh-fow' (q.v.), the birthplace of Confucius, and in the midst of a region of great historic interest, hallowed in the eyes of the followers of these two early sages. Ihere is a temple in honor of Mencius, and south of the city is his tomb, approached from the south by a tine avenue of cypress and yew. TSU, ts<5o. The capital of the Prefecture of Miye, Central Hondo, .Japan, situated on the eastern coast, 47 miles south-southwest of >fa- goya (Jlap: .Japan, E 6). It has a number of fine temples, of which that of Kono Amida at- tracts nianv pilgrims. Population, in 1898, 33,- 287. TSUNG-LI YAMEN (or Yamun), tsoong' le' ya'miin' (Chin., general managing office). The office or bureau through which the foreign ilinisters in China until recently communicated with the throne and the Six Departments of Government. It was established in 1861, and was organized by Prince Kung (wlio became its first president) in conference with Sir Frederick Bruce, the first British Minister, and comprised between eight and twelve members. In 1001 it was superseded by the Wai Vu Pu, or 'Depart- ment of Foreign Affairs.' TSTTRTJGA, tsoo-roog'a. A seaport of the Province of Echizen, .Japan, about 50 miles north of Kioto, with which it is connected by rail (Map: Japan, E 6). It stands at the head of a deep bay, and is well situated for trade with Korea and Manchuria. Its harbor is protected by a breakwater and a lighthouse, and is the best on the nortliwe.st coast of the main island. Junkljuilding is the chief industry. It contains one of the oldest Shinto temples of the country. Popilation. about 12,000. TSURUOKA, t,soo'roo-o'ka, or TSURUGAO- KA. A town in the Prefecture of Y'amagata, Northern Hondo. .Japan, 75 miles north -northeast of Niigata (Jlap: Japan. F 4). It was formerly a castle town. Population, in 1898, 20,461. TSUSHIMA, tsoo'she-mii. An island of Japan, commanding the southern entrance to the Sea of .Japan, less than 50 miles south of Korea, and separated from the island of Kiushiu by Krusenstern Channel (Map: Japan, A 6). It is penetrated by a deep inlet on the west, which at its narrowest is onlv 10 vards wide. At high water the narrow connecting spit is overflowed, forming two iinoqual islands. They are both mountainous, with peaks ranging from 1128 to 2130 feet above the level of file sea. Area, 262 square miles. The northern or larger island 13 indented with many fine bays, and the chief coast town is Waniura. Fisliing is the eliief inilustry and dried culUcfisli the cliief ex])ort. Tlic chief city, Idzunohara or Fuchiu. on the soutli island, has a population of about 10,000. Total popula- tion of the island, 38,030. Tsushima was held for centuries by the So family, who served as in- termediaries in all relations between Japan and Korea, and Korean blood is very noticeable among the inhabitants. TtTA, too'a, TERE.SINA (1867— I . An Italian violinist, born in Turin. Her principal teacher was JIassart of the Paris Conservator^', under whom she made such rapid progress that in 1880 she won the first prize. She was uniformly suc- cessful from the beginning of her artistic career. In 1891 she retired from the concert platform owing to her marriage with Count Franchi-Ver- ney dclla Valetta, but in the autumn of 1895 she again took up her concert work and made a very successful European tour. TUAMOTtr (tOo'a-mo'too) ISLANDS, See Low Ahchipelago. TUAREGS, tuu-a'regz. Berber nomads in the Middle Sahara, numbering some 300,000, and per- haps descendants of the ancient Gietulians, (See G.ETULIA.) In various places they have mixed with negroes. They are tall, with slender fig- ures and regular features, dark in complexion, with an occasional blond, and, owing to their frugal diet are long lived. The costume varies with location, but a common article of dress is the lithnin, a cloth wrapped about the face to protect the eyes and breathing organs from the dust of the desert. The Amoshagh or Noble Tuaregs wear a black litham and the Inighad or servile a white one, which gives rise to the epithets Black Tuaregs and White Tuaregs. Their weapons are a long, straight sword, a dag- ger, a spear six feet long, and occasionally a gun. They were monogamists until the Jlohanimedan conquest, when they began to vary somewhat in this respect. The women have great freedom among them, go unveiled, and have a part in public affairs. Consult : Duveyrier, Les Touaregs da nord (Paris, 1864) ; Bissuel, Lcf; Touaregs de Vouest (Algiers, 1888) ; Bernard, Deux missions cliez les Touareg (ib., 1896) ; King, Search for the Masked Touareks (London, 1903) ; Mas- querai, Dictionnaire frangais-touareg (Paris, 1893). TTJAT, trio-iit'. A group of oases in Algerian Sahara, North Africa, comprising the oases of Gurara and Tidikelt. It is a comparatively well- settled region and abounds in date palms. It is watered principally by the Wadi Saura or Mzaud and also by some subterranean watercourses. The largest lake is the Sebkha Gurara. The population of the region is estimated at 100,000, composed of Tuaregs, negroes, and Arabs. Tuat was formerly regarded as a dependency of Morocco, but with its occupation by French troops in 1900 has practically become a part of the French sphere of influence, and attempts are being made to extend the Algerian railway svstem into Tuat.
