TUILERIES. 526 TULANE. poleon. and, vdth successive changes in internal construction, it remained the residence of the rulers of France to the fall of the Second Em- pire, with the exception of the years 1848-52. During the War of the Commune in 1S71 the palace was set on fire (May 24th) at the orders, it is sup|)0sed, of the Communist leaders. In the night of May 24th-2oth heavy explosions of gunpowder completed the ruin of the main struc- ture. The right wing alone, containing the Pa- vilion de Flore, escaped destruction. The Pa-" villnn de Marsan was restored in 1875-78. The ruins of the main buildings were removed in 1883. The Garden of the Tuileries, covering about 75 acres, lies between the Place de la Con- corde, the site of the palace, the Rue de Rivoli, and the Quai des Tuileries. It was laid out by Le Notre in the time of Louis XIV., but has un- dergone extensive changes, especially under the Second Empire. It contains some notable ex- amples of sculpture, and is a popular resort of the Parisians, being especially a favorite play- ground with children. See Paris. TTTKE,. D.VNIEL Hack. (1827-95). A cele- brated English alienist, born at York. He studied medicine at Saint Bartholomew's Hospital Col- lege, of London, and in 1852 became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, of which he be- came a fellow in 1857. He was afterwards visit- ing physician to the York retreat for the insane, and subsequently medical practitioner at Fal- mouth. He wrqte many essays on the treatment of insanity for scientific periodicals, and was coeditor of tlie Journal of Mental Sciences, 1878- 92. He wrote a prize essay on the Pror/ressive Changes trhich hare taken place since the time of Pinel, in the Moral Mana(/cinent of the Insane (1854) ; The Asiilumsof Holland. Their Past and Present Condition (1854) ; On the Canon of the N-eir Testament (1860) : Insanitii in Ancient and Modern Life (1878) ; and a Dictionary of Psy- chological Medicine (1892). TUKE, Henry (1755-1814). A Quaker writer, born at York, England. His father was William Tuke (q.v.), one" of the founders of the first asylum for humane treatment of the insane. After his education in lil)eral studies he engaged in business with his father at York, and at the age of twenty-five he became a minister of the Society of Friends. His books were extensively read at home and some of them were translated into French. German, and Danish. The chief of them are: The Faith of the People Called Quakers (1801) ; The Principles of Religion as Professed hy the Society of Christians Usually called Quak- ers (1805) ; and The Life of George Fox (1813). — His son. Samuel Tuke (1784-1857). studied medicine and became widely known for his strenu- ous defense of the asylum at York, and for varied philanthropic work. Among his publications are Descriptions of the Retreat' (1813) and Practical Hints on the Construction and Economy of Pauper Lunatic Asylums ( 1815) . which are high- ly important in the history of the treatment of the insane. TTTKE, William (1732-1822). An English philanthropist. He was born in York, was a Quaker in religion, and engaged in mercantile pursuits the greater part of his life, biit found time for many works of benevolence. His great- est achievement was the foundation of the York Retreat in 1796, the first institution in England where the insane were treated with kindness and humanity. In this undertaking he had the aid of his son, Henrr, Lindley Murray, and other Quakers. Tuke's biography was written by his great-grandson (York, 1S5(J). TULA, tuo'la. A government of Central Rus- sia. Area, about 11,960 square miles (Map: Rus- sia, E 4). It belongs to the Central Russian plateau and has an undulating surface cut by deep river valleys. It is watered chiefly by the Oka and its tributaries and the Don. Tula be- longs to the black soil belt of Russia. In the southwest are deposits of coal, and iron ore is found in all parts. Agriculture is the main oc- cupation, but the household industries are also icmarkably developed. The chief manufactured products are small metal articles, 'samovars' (tea-kettles), wagons, musical instruments, arms, etc. The total output was valued at $10,- 000.000 in 1809. The trade in grain is extensive. Population, in 1897, 1,432,743. TULA. The capita! of the Government of Tula in Russia, situated on the Upa, 121 miles south of Moscow (Map: Russia, E 4). It is an interesting and important town, with an old kremlin rising above the river, an extensive Gov- ernment arms factory and a museum. Tula has also a number of private arms factories, and extensive metal works, where the 'samovars' (tea-kettles) for which Tula is famous are manufactured. Population, in 1897, 111,048. TULA. A Mexican town of the State of Hidalgo, 45 miles by rail north of the City of Mexico, .on the Tula River (Map: Mexico, J 7). The town, the ancient capital Tollan, is be- lieved to have been founded by the Toltecs and contains the ruins known as "Montezuma's Pal- ace,' and others of interest attributed to those people. The fortress-like church and cloister of San .lose date from 1553. There are some cotton manufacturing establishments. Its present muni- cipal population, based on the census of 1895, is about 5000. TULA. A Mexican town of the State of Tamaulipas, 6G miles southwest of Ciudad Vic- toria. It is an important commercial centre in a rich agricultural district. The population of the municipality in 1895 was 19,421. TULALIP,. too-la'lip (North American In- dian, bay, inlet). A tribe of Salishan stock (q.v.) occupying a reservation of 30 square miles on Tulalip Bay, an eastern inlet of Puget Sound, Washington. They are the remnant of the Skoko- mish and subordinate tribes, who were assigned to the present reservation by the treaty of Medi- cine Creek in 1854, at which time they num- bered 1000. but are now reduced by one-half. Through the eflforts of Catholic missionaries they are now entirely civilized, half of them be- ing church members, while the rest adhere to their ancient religion or to the new 'Shaker' In- dian ceremonial. They are entirely self-support- ing, depending partly upon the abundant natural fish supply and partly upon labor among the whites. TULANE, tfi-ljin', Palt:. (1801-87). An Amer- ican philanthropist, born near Princeton. X. .T. He received a common-school education and in early life removed to New Orleans, w'here he engaged
