TULAITE. 527 TULIP. in business and acquired great 'wealth. He re- tired in 1867, and returned to Princeton. In 188-J lie gave $2,000,000 worth of real estate in New Orleans for tlie erection and endowment of Tulane liiiversity (q.v.). TULANE UNIVERSITY. An institution at New Orleans, La., organized on its present basis in 18S4, when the State placed the existing University of Louisiana, chartered in 1845, under the perpetual care of the Board of Adminis- trators of the Tulane Educational Fund. In 1882 Paul Tulane (q.v.) gave his projjerty in that city for the higher education of the "white young persons in the city of New Orleans." His donations up to the time of his death amounted to .$1,050,000. In 188G Mrs. Josephine Louise Newcomb of New York gave the sum of $100,000 to establish the H. Sophie Newcomb Memorial College for the higher education of white girls and young Momen. A new and thoroughly equipped building for the medical department was given in 1891 by the widow of Dr. Richard- son, a former professor, and in 1900 Jlrs. Caro- line Tilton gave a library building named in honor of her husband. The university consists of the Graduate Department, the College of Arts and Sciences, the College of Technology, the Newcomb Memorial College, the Law Department, and the Jledical Department. It confers the bachelor's degree in arts, science, engineering, and law, the master's degree in arts and pharmacy, the doctor's degree in philosophy and medicine, and the degrees of mechanical, civil, chemical, and sugar engineer. All the departments are situated in the city of New Orleans. The campus contains about 18 acres, with 6 acres devoted to athletics. The total attendance in 1003 was 1304, the faculty numbered 91, and the library contained 45,000 volumes. The value of the grounds and buildings was estimated at $830,000, the total valuation of the university property being $2,- 186,000. The endowment was $1,230,000 and the gross income $129,000. TULASITE, tu'lan', Loins RExfi (1815-S5). A French botanist, born at Azay-le-Eideau (In- dre-et-Loire) . After studying law, he turned his attention to botany and made a specialty of parasite mushrooms, becoming the founder of modern mycology. From 1842 to 1872 he was, at first 'aide naturaliste,' then professor at the Museum of Natural History in Paris, lived af- terwards at Cannes, and died at Hv^res. His most important publications include: Uistoire et monographic des champignons hi/pogccs (1851) ; Selccta Fungorum Carpologki (1861-65), with his brother Charles ; and many monographs in the Annales dii Miisciini, Aiinalcs dcs Scicnrcx Xat- ureUes, Flora, Brasiliensis, and other periodicals. Among several discoveries he made, that of poly- morphism of mushrooms created an epoch in the science. TULCEA, or TULTCHA, tool'cha. A district town of the Dobnidja, Rumania, situated on an arm of the Danube, about 45 miles from the Black Sea(Map: Balkan Peninsula. G 2). It has a good harbor, with an extensive trade in fish, grain, and wool. Population, in 1900, 18,800. TULIP (OF., Fr. f}illpe. from tnlipnn. tulip, ttilipant. tulpant. toHban, tnlopan. turban, from Turk. tiMand, dulband, from Pers. dulhand, turban), Tulipa. A genus of showy hardy plants of the order Liliacea', easilj^ recognized by its Hcshy brown-skinned bulbs, broad or linear leaves, and generally erect and usually solitary-flowered scapes. About 45 species are deseril)ed, mostly natives of the warmer parts of Asia and South- ern Europe. For several centuries the tulip has been a popular ornamental ]ilant for spring and early sununer flowering and has recently been used by florists for winter flowering. The species from which most of the cultivated varieties have been derived, Tulipa (lesneriana, is a native of Asia Minor and was brought from Constantinople to Germany by Conrad Gcsner in 1559, since when innumerable varieties have been originated, 1800 varieties being offered by Dutch growers, who are the leading producers of these bulbs. •The cultivated varieties of tulips are classified by florists as to their color into 'selfs,' flowers of one solid color; 'bizarres,' flowers with a clear yellow base or centre with orange, red, crimson, and other markings; 'roses,' flowers variegated with shades of rose, deep red, or scarlet; and 'bvbloemans.' flowers of dark colors such as lilac, purple, brown, and black. Several other species have given rise to cultivated varie- ties, but to a much more limited extent. Tulipa suaveolcHs, a native of Southeastern Europe, is the wild species from which the early red and orange Due van Thol tulips have been obtained. Tmip {Tulipa, GesnermDa). They are inferior to the conunon garden tulip in beauty, but are prized for their fragrance and earliness. (See Colored Plate of Liu- ACE.E.) Tulipa prcecooc is the generally culti- vated form of Tulipa Ocuhui-solis, a beautiful species from Southern France, characterized by a large black spot with a yellow border at the
