TATJLER. 69 TAURUS. until his death. Tauler was an emotional yet practical mystic and left a large number of ser- mons full of evangelistic life. He preaclied in German and wrote The Book of spirit uul Pov- erty, which, as well as many of his sermons, was translated by Susanna WinUworth, but not literally. Of the various editions of Tauler's works, the Frankfort edition of 1826 is the most complete. Consult: Schmidt, Johannes Tauler (Hamburg, 1841) ; id., Nicolas von Basel, Bericht von dcr Bekehntmj Tuulcrs (Strassburg, 1875) ; Preger, Geschichte der dcutschen Mystilc, vol. iii. (Leipzig, 1893) ; Susanna Winkworth, Tauler's Life and Times (London, 1857). TAUNTON, tan'ton. The capital of Somer- setshire, England, in the valley of the Tone, 38 miles southwest of Bristol ( Jlap : England, C 5 ) . The streets are wide and are well paved. The Church of Saint JNlary is of Perpendicular archi- tecture, and is famous for its ornamented tower ; that of Saint James was the conventual church of Taunton priory. Taunton is the headquarters of the Somerset Archaeological and Natural His- tory Society and has an extensive museum in the remains of the Norman castle. It owns the water and electric lighting plants, and sewage works, and maintains parks, pleasure and recrea- tion grounds. It has manufactures of silk and hosiery. Ina, King of the West Saxons, built a castle in Taunton about a.d. 700. This was soon after destroyed, but another fortress was built on the site soon after the Conquest, at which period the town had a mint. Population, in 1801, 18,901; in 1901, 21,078. Consult Toul- min, Hislortj of Taunton (Taunton, 1822). TAUNTON. One of the county-seats of Bristol Coimty, Mass., 36 miles south of Bos- ton; on Taunton River, and on the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (Jlap: Mas- sachusetts, E 4). It is regularly laid out with finely shaded streets, and lias many handsome residences. Among its institutions are the State Insane Asylum, Morton Hospital, the Old Ladies' Home, and Bristol Academy. The Pub- lic Library contains 47.000 volumes. Other im- portant collections are the Bristol County Law Library and that of the Old Colony Historical Society. The city hall, county court house, the post-office, and the jail are buildings of merit. There are several pleasure grounds, of which Taunton Green and Woodward Springs Park are the more noteworthy. The Bristol County Agri- cultural Society has extensive grounds and build- ings here. Taunton carries on a large trade, being the business centre of a nnmljer of towns in the vi- cinity. It has also important industrial inter- ests, the various establishments in the census year 1900 having .$11,737,399 capital, and an output valued at .$12,594,814. The principal manufactures are cotton goods and silverware. There are stove foundries, locomotive works, wood-^¥orking establishments, and manufactories of copper ware, tacks, wire nails, stove lining, carriages, buttons, boxes, oilcloth, brick, etc. Herring fishing is another industry of consider- able importance. The government, under the charter of 1882, is vested in a mayor, chosen annually, and a bi- cameral coimcil, and in subordinate officials, the majority of whom are elected by the council. The school committee, however, is chosen by popular Vol. XIX.— 6. vote. For maintenance and operation, the city spends annually about .$402,000, the principal items being: schools, $116,000; interest on debt, $81,000; streets, ,$41,000; police department, $40,000; charities, .$33,000; and fire department, .$27,000. The water-works, which represent an expenditure of $1,288,129, and the electric light plant, are owned by the municipality. Popula- tion, in 1890, 25,448; in 1900, 31,030. Settled in lli3S as Cohannat, Taunton was in- corporated under its present name in 1639. It was made a shire town in 1740 and was chartered as a city in 1865. The first permanent settle- ment in Vermont was made by a company from Taunton in 1730. Consult: Quarter-Millennial Cclehration of the City of Taunton (Taunton, 1889); Emery, History of Taunton (Syracuse, 1893). TAUNUS, tou'ni.is. A mountain range of Western Germany, in the Prussian Province of Hesse-Nassau, extending about 55 miles in a northeast direction from the right bank of the Rhine near its confluence with the Main. It consists mainly of schists and quartzites, and reaches its highest elevation, 2713 feet, in the northeast. It is steepest, however, in the south- west, where it falls into the Rhine in precipitous crags crowned with ruined castles. The higher portions of the range are forest-clad, and the lower slopes are covered with vineyards yielding some of the best of Rhenish wines. The range is also famous for its numerous mineral springs, including those of Wiesbaden. TAUKIDA, tou'ri-da. A government of European Russia, consisting of the peninsula of the Crimea (q.v.) and a portion on the mainland connected with the peninsula by the Isthmus of Perekop (Map: Russia, D 5). Area, about 24,5j0 square miles. The region north of the isthmus is mostly flat and its climate is con- siderably colder than that of the peninsula. The principal river of the mainland portion is the Dnieper, which forms its northwest boundary. This part of the government is well adapted by its steppe-like surface for stock-raising. Large numbers of merino sheep are reared. Wheat, rye, barley, and oats are produced extensively. The cultivation of industrial plants and fruits is confined principally to the peninsula. The chief manufactures are flour, tobacco, and some iron products. Population, in 1897, 1,443,566, of whom the Russians constituted about 71 per cent, and the Tatars over 12 per cent. The capi- tal is Simferopol. See Crimea. TAURIN (from Lat. taurus. bull, so called because first discovered in the bile of the ox), or Amido-Etiitl-Suli'honic Acid, C3H., (NH,)S0.,H. A remarkable substance occurring, as a con- stituent of tauro-cholic acid, in the bile and in other animal products and tissiies. In a state of purity it forms six-sided glistening prisms, which are perfectly transparent, neutral, de- void of odor, readily soluble in water, but in- soluble in alcohol and ether, TAU'RUS. A mountain range in the southern part of Asia Minor forming the southern bound- ary of the Anatolian Plateau, which covers the central part of the peninsida (Map: Turkey in Asia, E 4). It follows the Mediterranean coast from the Euphrates toward the .Egean Sea. On the north it slopes gradually toward the plateau, but on the south it falls in steep ter-
