TAURUS. 60 races toward the sea. The Taurus rises to a height of 7000 to 10,000 feet, being highest near the eastern end. It is broken by a number of river valleys, the principal being that of the Sihun, which separates from the main range a northeastern extension linown as the Anti- Taurus. TAUSIG, tou'siK, Karl (1841-71). A German pianoforte virtuoso, born in Warsaw. He be- came famous for teclmique and interpretative ability, and won a world-wide reputation by the concert tours that occupied his short life. He was connected with the musical life of Dresden (1859-00), Vienna (1862), and Berlin (1865), in which latter city he founded a 'Schule des hoheren Clavierspiels,' which he gave up in 1870. Of his composition and ar- rangements the great proportion are classical pianoforte worlcs which he edited. He also pre- pared and edited a new edition of dementi's Gracilis ad I'arnassum, and arranged the piano score of Wagner's Mcistersingcr. He composed and published two Etudes de concert (FJ and A|j), also Ungarische Zigeunerweisen, Nouvelles soirees de Vienne, and Valses-Caprices on themes from Strauss. TAUS'SIG, Frank William (1859-). An American political economist, born in Saint Louis, Ho. He graduated at Harvard in 1879, and became full professor of economics there in 1892. His publications include: The Tariff History of the United States (1888; 4th ed. 1898), a standard work on the subject; a His- tory of the Present Tariff, 1860-S3 (1885), and Protection to Young Industries as Ajyjilied to the United States (1883), in the "Questions of the Day Series;" The Silver Situation in the United States (1892); and'Wages and Capital (1896). He also edited State Papers and Speeches on the Tariff (1892); and for some years was editor- in-chief of the Quarterly Journal of Economics. TAUTENHAYN, tou'ten-hin, .Joseph (1837- — ). An Austrian medalist and sculptor, born in Vienna, where he studied at the academy (1854-60) under Eadnitzky (1818-1901) and sculpture under Franz Bauer (1798-1872), then in the engravers' academy of the Imperial mint. After his return from a study trip through Italy, France, and England, undertaken in 1869-72, he' was appointed Imperial engraver of coins and medals, and in 1 88 1 professor at the academy. Among a large number of choice medals those commemorating the Coronation of Francis .Joseph as King of Hungary (1867), the Imperial Silver Wedding (1879), and the Bicentennial of the Re- lief of Vienna from the Turks (1883), are the most noteworthy. His plastic work on a large scale includes a group of the "Birth of Athens," and statues for the university, also statues for the Art-Historical Museum and the Houses of Parliament. TAUTOGr (Massachusetts Indian tautauog. pi. of taut, sheep's head, the Indian name of the fish). An Ainerican food-fish (Tautoga onitis) of the family (Labridae) to which the wrasses of Europe belong. It is foimd from Maine to South Carolina, especially along the coast of Southern New England, on rocky and weedy bot- toms, where it lives on mollusks, crustaceans, worms, sand-dollars, etc. It is abundant, is of considerable importance as a food-fish, and is TAVOY. locally known as 'blackfish' and 'oyster-fish.' It may attain an extreme weight of 22 pounds, with a length of three feet, but the average weight is about three pminds. The annual catch amounts to about 1,500,000 pounds, valued at $60,000. The tautogs spawn in May and .June, and are very prolific, a large fisli yielding more than a million eggs, which are small and buoy- ant, and hatcli in four or five days. Consult Goode, Fishery Industries, sec. i. (Washington, 1884). TAV'ERNER, Richard (c.1505-75). An English religious writer. He was born at Bris- Icy, Norfolk; graduated at Oxford in 1529; was clerk of the signet under Thomas Cromwell, and managed to retain Court favor after Cromwell's fall (1540). In 1545 he was returned to Par- liament, and b.v the King's gift came into pos- session of nuich property. Under Edward VI. he mainlained his position. Early won for the Reformation and the author of a translation of the Augsburg Confession (1530) and other origi- nal and translated works in the intei-est of Protestantism, and a licensed lay preacher under Edward VI., he still was unmolested by Mary, al- though he lost his office. Under Elizabeth he came again into royal favor and was high sheriff of Oxford (1569). Taverner's principal literary work was a revision of Thomas Matthew's Bible of 1537, upon the suggestion of Thomas Crom- well. Some of the happiest renderings, as 'para- ble' for 'similitude,' 'the love of many shall wax cold,' 'the Israel of God,' in the current version are due to Taverner. It was the first complete Bible ever printed in England (London, 1539). TAVEKNIER, tii'var'nyfl', Jean Baptiste, Baron d'Aubonne (1605-C.89). A French trav- eler, born in Paris. He became a dealer in precious stones, and between 1638 and 1663 made a number of journeys to Persia, China, India, and the East Indias. His Voyages en Turquie, en Perse, ct aux Indes. edited by Chappuzeau and La Chapelle, went through several editions, of which the best is that of 1679. TAVIRA, ta-ve'ra. A seaport town of the Province of Algarve, Portugal. 136 miles south- east of Lisbon, on both sides of the river Gilao, at its mouth (Map: Portugal, B 4). The harbor is navigable for small vessels and aft'ords an im- portant commerce in mineral waters and white wiiu^s. The town is of much less importance than during the Middle Ages. Population, in 1900, 12.178. TAVISTOCK. A market-town in Devonshire, England, picturesquely situated on the western border of Dartmoor, about 35 miles southwest of Exeter, and 12 miles north of Plymouth, in the fertile valley of the Tavy, which is crossed by two bridges within the town. There are iron foundries and mining works, copper, lead, tin, and iron being found in considerable quantity in the neighborhood. The parish church, dating from 131S, is a handsome edifice. Tavistock was formerly of great importance, owing to its abbey, the largest and most magnificent in Devonshire, which was founded in the year 961, for the Benedictine Order. The refectory and abbev gateway still exist. Population, in 1901, 5043, TAVOY, ta-voi'. The capital of a district of the same name in Tenasserim, Lower Burma,
