WISE. 599 WISLICENUS. He graduated at Harvard in 1073, and in 1083 settled in Ipswich as pastor of tlif Second Cliurcli, wlieri' lie remained until liis death, lie was noted for ^reat physical strenj;th and for moral and intellectual courage. In l(i87 he re- sisted the tyranny of Andros and was in conse- quence lined and imprisoned. When Andros was expelled, Wise came to the front as a le;,'islator, and in 1090 he accompanied as chaplain Sir William Phips's expedition against Canada. He is chiefly noted for the democratic stand he took against the Mathers in the ecclesiastical contro- versies that marked the opening of the eighteentli centurj'. His liberal views were presented with much force and eloquence in two treatises, in The Cliurchcs' Quarrel Espoused (1710) and, more fully, in A Vindieation of the (lovcrnmcnt of New England Churches (1717) — both of which were reissued on the eve of the Revolutionary and the Civil wars. For a good account of Wise, see M. C. Tyler, History of American Literature, vol. ii. WISE'MAN, Luke Holt (1822-75). An English Wesleyan Methodist minister. He was born at Norwich, England, and entered the min- istry in 1840; he was elected missionary secre- tary (1808). in which position he served until his death. In 1872 he was elected president of the British Conference. He published: Industry Prompted' hy Conscience, and Sot hy Covetousncss (1852); Thoughts on Classmeetings and Their Improvement ( 1854) ; The Employment of Leisure Time (1850) ; Men of Faith: or Hkclches from the Book of Judges ( 1850) ; Christ in the Wilder- ness: Or I'ractiral Vicics' of Our Lord's Trmpta- Hon ( 1857) ; Memoir of T. .S'. Monkhouse ( 1803) ; and Testimonial to G. Garrett (1872). WISEMAN, Nicholas Patrick vStephen (1802-05). An English Roman Catholic prelate. He was born at Seville, of an Irish family. He was brought to Ireland in his childhood, and re- ceived his education at the College of Saint Cuthbert at Ushaw, near Durham, and at the English College at Rome. He received holy orders at Rome in 1824, and was apjjointed pro- fessor of Oriental language in the University of the Sapienza, 1828, in recognition of the value of his Horw ><yriac(e. and in the end of that year was named rector of the English College, it was while he held this office that he delivered his Lectures on the Connection of (Science and Revealed Religion (1836). But in England he first became known by a series of lectures on The Principal Doctrines and Practices of the Catholic Church, delivered at Moorfields Church (1836, 3d ed. 1851). In 1830 he established, in concert with Daniel O'Connell, the Uuh- li)i Review, to which Wiseman, even wliile residing abroad, was a regular contributor. In 1840 he was named coadjutor vicar apostolic of the central district of England, with the title of Bishop of Jlelipotamus. At the same time he was appointed president of Saint Mary's College, Oscott, where he took up his residence. In 1850, when the Roman Catholic hierarchy in England was restored by the Pope, he was made Arch- bishop of Westminster and cardinal. While ex- citement among the Prot>estant part of the popu- lation was at its height, Wiseman published an explanatory address of great ability and modera- tion, but yet firmly asserting the strictly con- stitutional rights of liis fellovvCatholics, entitled An Appeal to the Reason and Good Feeling of the People of England on the Kuhjrct of the Catholic Hierarchy (1850), which did much to mitigate the excitement, lie puldislied numerous volumes upon controversial and literary topics, but the}- are mostly forgotten. Two, however, seem destined to live: Recollections of the Last Four Popes [Pius VII., Leo XII., Pius VIII., and Gregory XVI.] (1858), and Fahiolu, or the Church of the Catacombs (1854), the best known Roman Catholic story in English upon this theme. Consult his Life by W. Ward (Lon- don, 1S!I7, 2d ed. 1900) ; Kitzgernld, Fifiy Years of Cii/holic Progress (Lon(l(jn, ]!)00). WISE MEN OF THE EAST. See Cologne, TlIltZOE KlN(_:S OF. WISHART, wish'ert, George (e.l513-4C). A Scottish reformer and martyr. He was prob- ably born in 1513 at Pittarrovv, and is thought to have studied Greek at Montrose. He is known to have taught the New Testament in Greek at the same place. In 1538 he fled from Scotland to escape persecution for heresy and was absent for about six years. From 1530 or 1540 to about 1543, he was in Germany and Sw-itzerland, and on his return translated the Confession of Faith of the Church and Congregation of i^witzer- land. In 1543 he was teacliing in Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, with Latimer and other re- formers. In the same year or the following, he i-eturned to Scotland. It has been generall.y as- sumed that he is the 'Scottishman called Wys- sliart' who was involved in the plot with Henry VIII. to murder Cardinal Beaton (q.v. ), Arch- bishop of Saint Andrews, but the identity has not been proved. We do not know that Wishart left Scotland at the time, and the incident accords ill with what we know of his character. The last two years of his life were spent in preaching in various parts of Scotland, in Dundee, ilont- rose, Ayrshire, and East Lothian. He hastened back to Dundee when he learned that the plague was raging there. When driven from the churches he preached in the fields. His most important convert and disciple was John Knox, who has left a detailed account of these two years of his life. Wishart was burnt for heresy "by Cardinal Beaton, March 1, 1540, at Saint An- drews. Three months later Beaton was mur- dered, principally in revenge for Wisharfs death. Consult: .John Knox, History of the Reforma- tion, in Works, ed. by David Laing (Edinburgh, 1840-04) ; Rogers. Life of George Wishart the Scottish Martyr (Edinburgh, 1870). WISHAW, wish'a. A town in Lanarkshire, Scotland, 13 miles east-southeast of Glasgow, near the South Calder Water (Map: Scotland, E 4). Its growth and importance are due to its collieries, blast furnaces, iron and steel works, etc. Population, in 1891, 14,809; in 1901, 20,869. WISH'FORT, Lady. An elderly coquette in Congreve's Way of the World, the guardian of Millamant's property. Miraliel, the latter"s lover, tries to secure it for himself and its rightful owner by marrying the aged flirt to his valet in disguise, but Fainall and Mrs, Marplot disclose the scheme. WISLER MENNONITES. See IMennonite.s. WISLICENUS, vis'le-tsa'nus, Gustav Adolf (1803-75). A German theologian, one of the
