persons (regarded as instruments): cūrātŭs ĭnaequālī tōnsōrĕ căpillos with his hair dressed by an uneven hairdresser (i.e. cut unevenly),
2. Per with the Ace. is used for the means by which anything is done': pĕr dŏlum by craft, pĕr nūmtĭum certĭŏr factŭs informed by means of a messenger.
s 321.
| Māgnō id illī stĕtĭt[1] | That cost him dear (lit. a great sum). |
| Quŏd nōn ŏpŭs est, assĕ cārum est | What is not wanted, is dear at a penny. |
| Quō plūrēs hostēs, ĕō māiŏr caedēs[2] | The more the enemy, the greater the slaughter. |
| Quīnque mīlĭbus passuum ăb urbĕ distăt[2] | It is distant (by) five miles from the city. |
| Bīduō post mŏrĭtŭr[2] | Two days after he dies. |
| Summā vī pūgnārĕ'[3] | To fight with the greatest violence. |
Either cum or an epithet must be used with this Abl.: cum cūrā scrībĕrĕ to write with care (not cūrā), summa cūrā or summā cum cūrā with the greatest care.
The simple Ablative is sometimes used adverbially: rătĭōnĕ fēcistī you have acted reasonably, fraudĕ by fraud, cāsū by chance, etc. But no Noun must be so used without direct authority.
§ 322.
| Stătūrā fŭĭt hĭmĕlī[4] | He was of low stature. |
| Clāvī ferrĕī pollĭcĭs crassĭtū-dĭnĕ | iron nails of the thickness of your thumb. |
The Gen. of Description [§ 313(1)] is used in giving the class of anything, and in expressions of number and quantity. The Abl. is used when the parts of anything are spoken of; also to express a temporary state. Both the Gen. and Abl. are used of mental qualities.
§ 323. The Ablative of Attendant Circumstances (Ablative Absolute) may be rendered into English in many ways:—
| Urbĕ captā rĕdĭīt | The city being taken | he returned | ||
| After the city was taken | ||||
| Saving taken the city | ||||
| When he had taken the city | ||||
| After taking the city | ||||
| After the taking of the city. | ||||
| Cănīnĭō cōnsŭlĕ | In the consulship of Caninius. | |||
| Mē iūdĭcĕ falsŭs ĕs | In my opinion you are mistaken. | |||
