cum ad vīllam vēnī, nĭhĭl ăgĕrĕ mē dēlectăt "Whenever I come to my country house, it pleases me to do nothing."
§ 409. Cum with the Subjunctive.—It takes the Subjunctive when it means—
(a) When, and is used with the Imperfect and Pluperfect to mark the time of an action: Zēnōnem cum Athēnīs essem, audĭēbam frĕquentĕr "I frequently heard Zeno (lecture) when I was at Athens."
The use of the Subjunctive often implies a Causal connexion between the Principal and Dependent clause; so the example above might mean "Being at Athens I went to Zeno's lectures." The Subj. is rarely used when all idea of Cause, Consequence, or Opposition is out of the question.
(b) At a time when (Consecutive): ĭd saecŭlum cum iam plēna Graecĭă pŏētārum essĕt "An age when Greece %vas already full of poets."
(c) Since: quae cum ĭtă sint, pērgĕ "Since these things are so, proceed."
(d) Notwithstanding that, although: Phōcīōn semper fŭĭt paupĕr, cum divĭtĭssĭmŭs essĕ possĕt "Phocion remained always poor, though he could have been very rich."
Note.—The original sense of cum was purely Temporal, when; and it took the Indicative. Its use with the Subjunctive is due to the growth of a closer connexion between the two clauses, and so the Subjunctive belongs to the type (B) § 187.
§ 410. Dum with the Indicative.—Dum takes the Indicative if its meaning is purely Temporal.
(a) While, usually with the Present, whatever the time of the Principal Clause: incĭdĭt in Scyllam dum vult vītāre Chărybdim "He fell into Scylla while desiring to avoid Charybdis."
(b) So long as, with the Present, the Imperfect (sometimes the Perfect), and the Future, according to the time of the Principal Clause: dum ănĭmă est, spēs est " So long as there is life there is hope."
(c) Until, with the Perfect of Past time and the Future Perfect of Future time : mānsĭt in cōnsĭlĭō dum sĕnātus dīmīssŭs est "He persisted in his plan until the senate broke up,"
