Dum (while) is used with the Present (loosely) of events which will happen soon: mănēbō dum exĭt " I will wait till he comes out " (lit. "while he is coming out").
§ 411. Dum with the Subjunctive.—"Dum. is used with the Subjunctive:
(a) In sense of 'until' ivhen purpose is implied, § 401.
(b) Sometimes in sense of 'while' when purpose is implied, § 401*.
(c) When it means 'so long as' in a Concessive sense, 'provided that': ōdĕrint dum mĕtŭant "Let them hate so long as they fear." So dum mŏdŏ.
§ 412. quīn In Dependent Sentences[1] takes the Subjunctive. It is properly Consecutive, 'so that . . . not,' and is only to be used when the Principal Sentence is Negative or quasi-Negative.
(a) After Negative Pronouns and Adverbs and Negative expressions generally: nēmō fŭĭt mīlĭtum quīn vulnĕrārētūr "There was not one of the soldiers but was wounded"; numqtiam tarn mălĕ est Sĭcŭlīs quīn ălĭquĭd făcētē dĭcant "The Sicilians are never in such trouble but they can say something witty."
(b) Especially after expressions of Not Preventing and the like, § 394.
(c) After expressions of Not Doubting or Not Questioning = Eng. that: quĭs dŭbĭtăt quīn in virtūtĕ dīvĭtĭae sint?" Who doubts that there are riches in virtue?
As a Negative Pronoun can supply a Subject to the Dependent Sentence, quīn may be used instead of quī, quae, quŏd ('Nom.) . . . nōn, § 400 (c), nēmo est quīn dŏlĕ ăt "There is no one but grieves (= quī nōn dŏlĕăt). But an Object cannot be so supplied. So we must have nēmo est guem nōn dŏlĕăt "There is no one but he grieves for."
§ 413. Translation of That.—The English that must be differently translated into Latin according to its sense:
(1) After words of saying and thinking by Infinitive and Accusative, § 206.
(2) If it means the fact that, by quŏd, § 214 (2).
(3) If it denotes consequence, by ŭt, etc., § 393.
- ↑ For the quīn in Principal Sentences, see 354.
