A HISTORY OF SUFFOLK pretty green Kybos smaragdulus lives not uncommonly in all our marshes ; Chlor'ita flavetcem occurs at South wold, where it is attracted to lamplight in July ; and C. vlridula is always abundant in the spring at Bentley and in Ipswich gardens. Of the slender and fragile genus Eupteryx, we have twelve kinds, all common and widely distributed except E. melissae from Foxhall, E. abrotani in salt marshes at Southwold, and E. signatipennis, which occurs abundantly, but solely, on Spiraea ulmarla in the Freston Woods. Only ten species of Typhlocyba have at present been noted, amongst which T. sexpunctata, ulmi, Douglasi, rosae, and quercus are common ; T. tenerrima occurs at Ipswich and Carlton Colville, gratiosa at Southwold, geometrica sparingly on alder and mtidula once only on beech at Foxhall. Xygina flammigera has been found at Wherstead, Z. parvula at Bramford and Foxhall, where also Z. scutellaris has occurred, and I have once swept the rare Z. hyperici from a mass of Hypericum hirsutum in the Bentley Woods in the middle of September. PSYLLIDAK The difficulty of determining the Psyllina has greatly contributed to their being passed over in the field, consequently there are comparatively few records. Livia juncorum is certainly rare at Bramford and Foxhall in the autumn, though it is said to be universally abundant at the roots of rushes; on 19 August 1904 I swept the two first British specimens of L. limbata, in Tuddenham Fen. Psyllopsis fraxinicola is abundant on ash trees everywhere, but P.fraxini has only been seen at Assington and Barham. Aphalara calthae is not rare, but A. exi/is has only occurred at Foxhall once. Of the clear-winged genus Psylla, we have twelve species, few of which claim especial attention excepting to point out that many may be beaten from coniferae in the winter : thus P. pruni has been found in the Bentley Woods, with P. pineti, in March ; P. melanoneura has been taken by Chitty at Foxhall in the same month, and P. buxi lives in my garden here at Monk Soham till quite late in the autumn on box-trees. P. visci Curtis described from specimens found at Rougham, near Bury St. Edmunds, but it has not since been reported from the county. Trioza urticae, g'tlii, and remota are probably, like Arytaena geniitae^ all abundant ; but T. crithmi has only once occurred to me, in some numbers in August in the coast salt marshes at Southwold. Aphididae For the purpose of adding some account of the green flies of the county to this History, I began to collect them last May, and succeeded so well in their identification, with the aid of Buckton's Monograph of the British Aphides, published by the Ray Society, 1876-83, that I am able to present a very representative account of them. By slavishly following this work I have been enabled to name nearly every specimen taken upon its own food-plant, and can only regret that so little interest is shown in this most interesting family in Britain, where I know of no one who pretends to any knowledge of the subject since the author's death. Except where stated the following species were taken in the garden of Monk Soham House during 1907. The first species of the Aphidinae, and one of the most prevalent, was Siphonophora rosae, which was seen upon the young shoots of both wild and cultivated roses throughout the summer, as well as upon the leaves of adjacent Aquilegia vulgaris at the end of July. I did not look for S. granaria till the middle of August, but harvest had hardly begun, and I at once found both the imaginal forms commonly on some adventitious ears of wheat in my garden and a few females on barley in neighbouring fields. S. hieracii were very rare beneath flower-heads of Hieracium early in August, associating with a few females of Aphis rumicis. As early as I June larvae of S. millefoUi appeared on the flower-stalks of Chrysanthemum segetum, and in early August both winged and apterous imagines were fairly common on the stems of both that plant and Achillea millifolium, becoming abundant by the middle of the month ; it also occurs at Brandon. At the end of July I found S. pisi not very commonly on my garden peas and its larvae on Bursa bursa-pastoris ; in 1 903 I took it near Ipswich in October. S. ruhi was not observed till the first week in August, when both imaginal forms were seen on the leaves of Rubus fruticosus with Aphis urticariae. S. urticae has been scarce ; I took only one apterous female, still attached to her pupal skin, on nettle early in August. The distinct A. avellanae also appears rare, since of this I have also found but one apte- rous female on Corylus avellanae in early June. Larvae, pupae, and apterous forms of 5. tanaceti abounded in a dandelion in the middle of August. On Tusilago farfara numerous dead 5. tussilaginis were found early in the same month ; and a diligent search revealed but two winged forms. S. sonchi, in its apterous forms, is one of our commonest species on Centurea nigra at Monk Soham, Southwold, and Brandon. Larvae, pupae, and apterous imagines of S. cichorii occurred upon a plant of chicory near Easton Park on 17 August; and I saw it also at Dunwich in the middle of September. Five S. olivata were taken on Cnicus palustris in the Bentley Woods in August 1904. 146
