INSECTS The small Phorodon humuli was abundant on the underside of hop leaves near Easton Park in August ; and a protracted examination of Lamium album in my garden revealed a solitary winged P. ga/eopsidis, on the under side of the leaf, in the same month. On 7 June a score of Myzus cerasi in all their stages, though only two winged, were found on cherry ; and in early August I took M. ribis rarely on Ribes rubrum. Quite suddenly on 4 August, Drepanoslphum acertna appeared commonly beneath maple leaves and those of adjacent hazel and dogwood. Apterous females, larvae, and pupae of the distinct and presumably rare Megoura vic'iae were found very commonly feeding upon the pods and stems of Lathyrus pralensis in a damp meadow near Easton Park on I 7 August. Early in June Rhopalosiphum ribis was found in hundreds in all its stages in rolled leaves of Ribes nigrum ; and it is certainly the same species that Kirby referred to nearly a century ago when he wrote :^° ' Last week I observed the top of every young shoot of the currant trees in my garden (at Barham) curled up by myriads of these insects.' R. nymphae was abundant on the stalks of yilisma plantago in July and Nymphaea alba in August, in the moat which surrounds my house, but among thousands of the apterous form I could detect but one winged specimen. A very few winged females and pupae only of R. Itgustri were taken early in August on privet leaves. Exclusively winged forms of Siphocoryne pastinaceae were found on wild carrot both here and in the adjacent parish of Bedfield in August. S. xylostei is a great pest on honeysuckle over the house-windows. S. capreae occurs commonly on the leaves of willow and, like 5. xylostei, extends throughout the summer. 5. foeniculi has only been seen on fennel at Dunwich in the middle of September. The genus Aphis is an extensive one, and many of its species are common. A. brassicae was forming large powdery masses on the flowers of cabbages on 9 June, and was still abundant up to the end of August ; but I have seen no winged forms. About the same time I found a little cluster of four apterous A. crataegi on a leaf of whitethorn in Framlingham Castle moat ; and A. subterranea was very common on a carrot, just below the ground, at the end of August. On whitethorn at Bedfield early in the same month A. edentula was not uncommon in all its forms on terminal shoots. Mallow failed to produce A. malvae, but it occurred abundantly beneath the flower-heads of yarrow in early August. On i June winged A. mali were somewhat common, with a few scattered pupal skins on the leaves of the apple trees ; and on the 3rd the apterous females and larvae were found to be abundant in their curled leaves ; the whole pest had, however, quite vanished by the end of July. A. urticaria was very common on the stems of nettle early in June ; and in curled leaves of Prunus spinosa, A. pruni was prevalent at the same time, with a proportion of one winged to every score of apterous forms. A. atriplicis occurred on the sea lavender and Aster iripelium in the salt marshes about Southwold early in September. A, hieracii was first seen very rarely on leaves of Heracleum sphondylium on 9 June, by the middle of July it was common, and at the beginning of August extremely abundant on the stems of hogweed ; it also appeared at Southwold. A single plant of the hairy willow herb, among many, produced a dozen larvae and one of both forms of the female of A. epilohii in the middle of August. A. hederae is only too common on the ivy around the house. A. rumicis is one of the commonest kinds here, and bewilderingly omnivorous ; I first took the winged form singly on the young leaves of Rumex acetosa ; it abounded on broad beans throughout the summer, also attacking Cnicus arvensis, Petasitis officinalis, beet, and Hieraceum. Thirteen of the very distinct larvae of A. papaveris were clustered together on a leaf of scarlet poppy on 30 July ; and all the forms of A. pyri were abundant in curled leaves of pear early in June. Hyalopterus arundinis was so numerous on reeds in the salt-marshes about Southwold in September as to appreciably weigh down the sweep-net ; and Bucton records H. melano- cephalus from Brandon. At the end of May, Chaitophorus aceris was very numerous beneath the leaves of maple, ming- ling later with Drepanosiphum. Early in August I succeeded in securing three examples of the winged form of C. salicivorus, among myriads of the apterous one, which were scattered all over the leaves of sallow ; later I also saw the species at Southwold. In the middle of August C. leucomelas was not uncommon in its curious blisters on aspen leaves at Monk Soham, Debenham, and Easton Park. Buckton also records Cryptosiphum artemisiae from Brandon. Callipterus betuleticola is exces- sively abundant on birch in Tuddenham Fen and at Mildenhall ; C. coryli occurred commonly, though singly and sparsely, here on hazel leaves in August. It was common in Easton Park in the middle of the month, together with C. quercus, which I first found on oak leaves in my garden on 4 June. On 27 August 1906 C. casteneae was swept from rough heath grass in Tuddenham Fen ; and this year I also found it at Brandon. Pterocallis juglandicola turned up on a walnut tree at Sibton Abbey in the middle of September ; and, on the leaves of alder near Easton Park, winged P. alni were not rare, though only one apterous imago and but a few larvae were present in the middle of August. I have twice captured P. tiliae flying in July at Ipswich and Kessingland ; here the winged form is solitarily abundant on the under side of lime leaves. Phyllaphis fagi was "• Introd. to Entom. (7th ed.), 152. 147
