ment from February to May, 1861. It was occupied by the Union Army April 12, 1865. Consult Powell (editor), Historic Towns of the Southern States (New York, 1900).
MONTGOMERY, Florence (1843—). An English novelist of Irish parentage. Her most popular books are for children or child-lovers; they include: A Very Simple Story (1866); Peggy and Other Tales (1808); Misunderstood (1869); Thrown Together (1872); Thwarted (1873); Wild Mike and His Victim (1874); Seaforth (1878); The Blue Veil (1883); Transformed (1886); The Fisherman's Daughter (1888); Colonel Norton (1895); Tony (1897); and Prejudged (1900).
MONTGOMERY, Fort. See Fort Montgomery.
MONTGOMERY, Gabriel, Count de (1530-74). French knight of Scottish extraction. He was an officer in the Scottish Life Guard of the King of France, and in a tournament held June 29, 1559, accidentally inflicted a mortal wound on Henry II. Montgomery, although blameless, left France, and soon after embraced Protestantism in England. On the commencement of the religious wars in 1562, he returned to his native country to support the Protestant cause, and defended Rouen with great bravery. In the third civil war he was one of the leaders of the Protestants, and gained many advantages over the Royalists in Languedoc and Béarn. During the massacre of Saint Bartholomew's he happened to be at Paris, but fled to England, owing his escape to the fleetness of his horse. In April, 1573, be appeared off Rochelle with a small fleet, but failed in accomplishing anything. Next year, at the head of a band of Huguenots, he landed in Normandy and commenced war there; but being compelled at last to surrender the Castle of Domfront, he was carried to Paris, and was beheaded.
MONTGOMERY, James (1771-1854). An English poet, the son of a Moravian preacher, James Montgomery was born at Irvine, Ayrshire, Scotland, November 4, 1771. At the age of seven he was sent to the Moravian settlement at Fulneck, near Leeds, to prepare for the Moravian ministry. To the annoyance of the Moravians, his leisure at school was employed in the composition of epics on King Alfred and the fall of man. In 1787 he ran away, and after four years of various employment became engaged as clerk to the editor of The Sheffield Register. In 1794 he started The Sheffield Iris, which he edited till 1825. He was twice fined and imprisoned in York Castle for libel. He afterwards became a moderate Conservative, and in 1835 was granted a Government pension of £150. He died at Sheffield, April 30, 1854. His principal volumes of verse are: The Wanderer of Switzerland (1806); The West Indies (1809); The World Before the Flood (1812); Greenland (1819); and The Pelican Island, and Other Poems (1826). Montgomery is now chiefly remembered for his hymns (collected in 1853), of which nearly a hundred are still in use. Among them are Go to Dark Gethsemane, and Forever with the Lord. Montgomery had little depth and drew his observations from books rather than from nature. His fame is kept up not by lovers of literature, but by lovers of religious feeling. Consult: Lives by Holland and Everett (London, 1854-56), and by King (ib., 1858); Poetical Works, ed. by their author (ib., 1841; reprint 1881), and by Carruthers (Boston, 1860).
MONTGOMERY, John Berrien (1794-1873). An American naval officer, born in Allentown, N. J. He entered the Navy as a midshipman in 1812; served in the attack on Kingston, Canada, in November of the same year, and in the capture of York in April of the following year; and for gallantly on board the Niagara in Perry's victory on Lake Erie, September 10, 1813, received a vote of thanks and a sword from Congress. In 1815 he served in Decatur's squadron in the war with Algiers, was made a lieutenant in 1818, and commander in 1839. During the Mexican War, in command of the sloop Portsmouth, he took possession of various places on the coast of California, blockaded Mazatlan for some months, and, with the assistance of Captain Lavalette in the Congress, captured Guaymas. He was made a captain in 1853, commanded the Pacific Squadron in 1860-61, was advanced to the rank of commodore (retired list) in 1862, and became a rear-admiral in 1866.
MONTGOMERY, Richard (1736-75). An American soldier, prominent in the French and Indian War and the American Revolution. He was born near Feltrim, Ireland, and was educated at Saint Andrew's College and Trinity College, Dublin. In 1754 he obtained a commission as ensign in the British Army, came to America with his regiment in 1757, during the French and Indian War, and displayed personal courage and military sagacity at the siege of Louisburg and in various actions. In 1760 he was made adjutant of his regiment, and in 1762 was promoted to be captain. After the conquest of Canada he took part in the expedition against Havana and Martinique, and in 1765, after being stationed in New York for two years, returned to England, where he remained until 1772, when, selling his commission, he emigrated to New York. In 1775 he represented Dutchess County in the first Provincial Convention, and in June was appointed by Congress brigadier-general in the Continental Army. He was second in command of the expedition sent under General Philip Schuyler against Canada, but owing to the illness of Schuyler, became the actual leader in October. He at once pressed forward, and before the end of November captured successively Chambly, Saint Johns, and Montreal. In the next month he joined Benedict Arnold before Quebec. On December 9th Montgomery was promoted to be major-general. On December 31st, shortly after midnight, the assault upon the town was attempted. Montgomery scaled the Cape Diamond bastion and, pressing forward at the head of his troops, was instantly killed by the first and only volley. The undisciplined colonial troops were then overwhelmed and a precipitate retreat ensued. Montgomery's conduct and character were eulogized in Parliament by Burke, Chatham, and even Lord North; Congress recognized his services by resolutions of respect, and by its order a monument was erected in his honor in front of Saint Paul's Church, New York City, where in 1818 his remains were interred with impressive ceremonies. Consult Armstrong, Life of Richard Montgomery (Boston, 1834), in Sparks's “American Biography.”
