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tutional convention of 1862, and in 1863-'5 of the lower house of the legislature, where he was a leader of the Douglas branch of the Democratic party. He was a delegate to the Democratic na- tional conventions of 1864, 1872, 1876, and 1880. On 30 April, 1888, he was nomi- nated by President Cleveland to be chief justice of the United States, and on 20 July he was con- firmed by the senate. On 8 Oct. he took the oath of office and en- tered on his duties. Judge Fuller is, with one exception, the youngest member of the supreme court. He has attained repu- tation as a speaker.

Among his addresses

is one welcoming Stephen A. Douglas to Chicago in 1860, and another on Sidney Breese, which is prefixed to Judge Breese's "Early History of Illi- nois " (1884). The degree of LL. D. has been con- ferred on him by the Northwestern university, and Bowdoin college in 1888.

FULLER, Thomas, Canadian architect, b. in Bath, England, 8 March, 1822. He was educated in his native place, and. after leaving school, was articled to an architect there, subsequently studying his profession in London. At an early age he was in- trusted with the erection of a cathedral at Antigua, West Indies. In 1857 he went to Toronto. Canada, and formed a partnership with Chilion Jones. In 1859 their designs were accepted by the government for the parliament and departmental buildings and governor-general's residence at Ottawa. (See illus- tration of the capitol.) In the competition for the new capitol for the state of New York, at Albany, his design was one of the three to which equal pre- miums were awarded. In the second competition, to which the three successful competitors were invited, Augustus Laver, one of the three, prepared a joint design with Mr. Puller which was ultimately adopted in 1867. Mr. Puller remained in New York state until 1881, when he returned to Ottawa, and on 9 Dec. of that year he was appointed chief architect of the Dominion of Canada.

GAMBLE, William, soldier, b. in Duross, County Tyrone, Ireland, 1 Jan., 1818 ; d. in Nica- ragua, Central America, 20 Dec, 1866. He studied civil engineering, and was employed on the govern- ment survey of the north of Ireland, but came to the United States when he was twenty years old, and enlisted in the 1st U. S. dragoons. He served in the Florida war and on the western frontier, and rose to be sergeant-major, but on the expira- tion of his term of enlistment went to Chicago, 111., where he followed his profession. At the be- ginning of the civil war he enlisted in the 8th Illinois cavalry, was chosen its lieutenant-colonel, afterward was promoted colonel, and fought with the Army of the Potomac, receiving a wound at Malvern Hill that was nearly fatal. He was for two years at the head of a brigade in defence of Washington, with headquarters at Fairfax Court- House, Va., and on 25 Sept., 1865, was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers. After service in the west he was mustered out of the volunteer ser- vice on 13 March, 1866, and on 28 July accepted a major's commission in the 8th regular cavalry. He was on his way with his regiment to California when he died of cholera.

GARIBALDI, Giuseppe, Italian patriot, b. in Nice, 4 July, 1807; d. in Caprera, 2 June, 1882. He followed the sea from his earliest youth, and in 1836 went to Rio Janeiro, where he en- gaged in the coasting trade. In 1837 he offered his services to the revolted Brazilian province of RioGrandedo Sul, and commanded a fleet of gun-boats. After many dar- ing exploits he was forced to burn his vessels, and went to Montevi- deo, where he be- came a broker and teacher of mathe- matics. He took service in Uru- guay in the war against Rosas, and was given thecom- mand of a small naval force which he was obliged to abandon after a

battle at Costa

Brava, 15 and 16 June, 1842. Garibaldi then organ- ized the famous Italian legion, with which for four years he fought numerous battles for the republic. In 1845 he commanded an expedition to Salto, where he established his headquarters, and toward the end of the year he resisted with 500 men for three days the assault of Urquiza's army of 4.000 men. On 8 Feb., 1846, he repelled at San Antonio, with scarcely 200 men, Gen. Servando Gomez with 1,200 soldiers. In 1847, when he heard of Italy's rising against Austrian dominion, he went to assist his country, accompanied by a portion of the Ital- ian legion ; but, after taking part in several unsuc- cessful attempts, including the defence of Rome against the French in 1849, he sailed in June, 1850, for New York. On Staten island he worked for a time with a countryman manufacturing candles and soap, and in 1851 he went by way of Cen- tral America and Panama to Callao, whence he sailed in 1852 in command of a vessel for China. Early in 1854 he returned to Italy, where he lived quietly in the island of Caprera. At the opening of war against Austria in 1859 he organized the Alpine chasseurs, and defeated the enemy in sev- eral encounters. After the peace of Villafranca he began preparations for the expedition which was secretly encouraged by the government. Having conquered Sicily and being proclaimed dictator, he entered Naples in triumph on 7 Sept., 1860, but afterward resigned the dictatorship and proclaimed