Montana, 17 June, 1887. He was educated at West- minster college, New Wilmington, Pa., and admit- ted to the bar in 1859. He became captain in the 42d Ohio regiment in 1861, served in the Shenan- doah valley, was commissioned colonel in 1862, participated in the Vicksburg campaign, and was then promoted to the command of a brigade and served under Gen. William T. Sherman. On 5 Jan., 1865, he became brigadier-general of volun- teers. He then returned to the practice of law, was elected state senator of Ohio, and was governor of Montana in 1870-'83. He was in the legislature in 1884, after which he occupied no public office.
POWDERLY, Terence Vincent, general mas-
ter-workman of the Knights of labor, b. in Carbon-
dale, Pa., 22 Jan., 1849, of Irish Catholic parents,
who had come to the United States in 1826. His
father was a day laborer, and Terence was the
eleventh child. He attended the public schools
from his seventh to his thirteenth year. Then he
began keeping a switch for the Delaware and
Hudson canal company, and in 1866 he was em-
ployed as an apprentice in the machine-shops of
that company. In 1869 he went to Scranton, Pa.,
which has since been his home. There he obtained
work in the shops of the Delaware, Lackawanna,
and Western railroad company, and at night stud-
ied drawing and mechanical engineering. In 1871
he joined the Machinists' and blacksmiths' union,
of which he soon became president. His interest
in industrial affairs has been the guiding prin-
ciple of his life. In 1874 Mr. Powderly was initi-
ated into the Knights of labor (an order founded
in 1869 in Philadelphia by Uriah S. Stevens, of
Cape May county, N. J.) and became a member of
Assembly No. 88. During the panic of 1873 he
lost his work at Scranton, and went to Oil City, Pa.,
whence he went, in 1874, as a delegate to the Na-
tional convention of the Machinists' and black-
smiths' union in Louisville. This was his first
national appearance as an advocate of organized
labor. He finally succeeded in getting this union
to disband and join the Knights of labor as Assem-
bly No. 222. In 1877 he assisted in organizing in
Lackawanna county, Pa., a district assembly of
Knights of labor, of which he became and was
district secretary until 1886. In the great strikes
of 1877 about 5,000 laborers, mostly of the Knights
of labor of that district, were discharged, and emi-
grated to various parts of the west. In their new
homes they established new assemblies of the
Knights of labor, and to this Mr. Powderly largely
attributes the spread and growth of the order. He
and other leaders held the first general assembly
of the order at Reading, Pa., in 1878, and at the
next session, held in St. Louis in 1879, he was
elected to the second office, grand worthy foreman.
At the third convention, held in Chicago in Sep-
tember, 1879, Mr. Powderly was elected general
master-workman, and he has since, despite bitter
opposition, been eight times re-elected to that
office, which he now holds. In April, 1878, by the
labor vote, he was elected mayor of Scranton, Pa.,
and he was several times re-elected as a Democrat
to that office. He helped to establish the " Labor
Advocate" at Sc*ranton in 1877. Mr. Powderly
writes regularly for the organ of the Knights of
labor, the "Journal of United Labor," and has
written on " The Army of the Unemployed " and
kindred topics for periodicals. When "the Irish
land league movement was organized in this coun-
try Mr. Powderly was made its second vice-presi-
dent. He went as chairman of the Pennsylvania
delegation to the Irish land league convention of
1883, and called that convention to order. At
present he is engaged on a " History of the Origin
and Principles of the Knights of Labor."
PULESTON, Sir John Henry, banker, b. in
the vale of Cluyd, Wales, in 1830. He was edu-
cated at King's college, London, where he studied
medicine. This profession he soon abandoned, and
came to the United States. He settled in Lucerne
county, Pa., and published a paper in Pittston,
which proving unsuccessful, he founded one in
Phcenixville. During the civil war he was made
chief of the Pennsylvania agency established in
Washington by Gov. Andrew G. Curtin. He dis-
charged the duties of this office for some time, but
resigned to take charge of claims offered to him
under the government. Subsequently he estab-
lished himself in New York city in the banking-
firm of Puleston, Raymond and Co., and later re-
turned to London as a member of the firm of Jay
Cooke, McCulloch and Co. He was elected to par-
liament from Devonport in 1874, and by re-elec-
tions has since retained that seat. In 1887 he was
knighted for his long and faithful services in par-
liament. At present he is a member of the bank-
ing-firm of Puleston and Brown.
PURDUE, John, philanthropist, b. near Shep-
ardsburg, Pa., C Oct., 1801 ; d. in Lafayette, Ind.,
12 Sept., 1876. In his early youth he emigrated to
Ohio with his parents. He received a common-
school education, taught for a time, became a dry-
goods merchant, settled in Lafayette, Ind., in
1839, and accumulated a fortune, also engaging in
manufacturing. Mr. Purdue was owner of the
Lafayette "Journal," and in 1866 was an unsuc-
cessful independent candidate for congress. In
1869 he founded Purdue university in his adopted
town, giving $150,000 toward its endowment.
RAMBAUT, Mary Lncinda Bonney, educator, b. in Hamilton, N. Y., 8 June, 1816. She founded, with Harriette A. Dillaye, the Chestnut
street seminary for young ladies, in Philadelphia,
in 1850, and conducted it until 1883, when it was
removed to Ogontz, near Philadelphia, where she
continued it for five years. In 1888 she married
the Rev. Thomas Rambaut, and resides in Hamil-
ton, N. Y. She originated the Woman's national
Indian association in 1879, and was its president
until 1884, when she became honorary president.
REED, Caroline Gallup, educator, b. in Berne,
N. Y, 5 Aug., 1821. She is the daughter of Al-
bert Gallup, treasurer of Albany county, and was
educated at St. Peter's school and the Female
academy in Albany. In 1851 she married the
Rev. Sylvanus Reed, and in 1864. established a
school for young ladies in New York city, which
she still continues. In 1883 this very successful
school was incorporated under the laws of New
York state as Reed college, so that the perpetu-
ity of the establishment might be assured. Mrs.
Reed was elected a member of the American geo-
graphical society in 1860, of the American associa-
tion for the advancement of science, and of the
New York genealogical and biographical society
in 1882. She has published various papers and
has issued regularly " circulars of information "
upon subjects of educational interest.
REICH, Jacques, artist, b. in Hungary, 10 Aug., 1852. He was a pupil of William Adolphe Bouguereau and Robert Fleury, studied art in Budapest, and in 1873 came to the United States, where he continued his studies at the Academy of fine arts in Philadelphia. He has devoted most of his time to drawing in black and white, and has executed numerous portraits in charcoal. In 1879
