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sale. His principal work was a " Popular History of the Catholic Church in the United States" (1876), which was received with great favor. Pope Pius IX. sent him a medal and a personal letter. This was followed by " The Prose and Poetry of Ireland " (1877); "The' Catholic Heroes and Heroines of America " (1878) : " Little Lives of the Great Saints" (1879) : " The Catholic Pioneers of America" (1881); and "Lessons in English Literature" (1883). He revised Kerney's " G-eneral History " and brought it down to date, and he was engaged in doing the same for Lingard's " History of Eng- land " when he died.

MURRAY, Lindley, grammarian, b. in Swa- tara, Pa., 22 April, 1745 ; d. near York, England, 16 Feb.. 1826. He was the eldest son of Rob- ert Murray, who afterward became the greatest New York merchant of ante- Revolutionary times. The son's edu- cation was begun at a Friends' academy, and he was a mem- ber of that religious society through life. His father, with a view of making a mei'chant of him, took him into his counting-room, but, in order to escape from the severity of his father and the drudgery of business, he ran away from home, and went to

Burlington, N. J. By

persuasions, promises, and, above all, the tears of his mother, the lad was induced to return, and, after this escapade, his father consented to his studying law. In 1765, after passing four years in legal studies, he was admitted to the bar, and soon afterward married. When the Revolution began he retired to a cottage on Long Island, and spent four years in fishing, boating, and fowling. He afterward regretted the years that he had thus passed without intellectual profit. Returning to New York in 1779, he entered into commercial speculations under the direction of his father, with such success that, at the close of the Revolution, he was able to retire with a fortune to a beautiful place on the Hudson about three miles from New York. Previous to this he had been attacked by a severe muscular affection, and, finding that a country life did not improve his health, he visited the springs and the mountains, but experienced very little relief. At last his physician recom- mended an entire change of climate, and he sailed for England early in the summer of 1784. Soon after his arrival he settled in Holdgate, about a mile from the city of York. Here he devoted him- self to intellectual pursuits, and collected a library ^hat was particularly rich in history, philology, and theology. His first literary work, " The Power of Religion on the Mind " (1787), was very successful, and passed through seventeen editions. His "English Grammar" was written for the use of a young ladies' school near York. It was first pub- lished in book-form at York in 1795, and its success was immediate and extraordinary. Edition after edition was published in a few years ; it was intro- duced into all the English and Amei'ican schools, and made his name a household word in every country where the English language was spoken. It was, however, severely criticised for its obscurity, blunders, and deficient presentation of etymology. His later years were devoted to the study of botany, and his garden at Holdgate, in the variety and rarity of its plants, surpassed the royal gardens at Kew. Besides the works mentioned above, he pub- lished English and French readers and spelling- books, " Selections from Bishop Home's Commen- taries on the Psalms " (1812) ; " Biographical Sketch of Henry Tuke " (1815) ; " Compendium of Relig- ious Faith and Practice ; designed for Young Per- sons of the Society of Friends " (1815) ; and " On the Duty and Benefit of a Daily Perusal of the Scriptures " (1817). See " Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Lindley Murray, in a Series of Letters written bv Himself, with a Preface and a Continua- tion by Elizabeth Frank" (York, 1826).

MURRAY, Nicholas, clergyman, b. in Bally- naskea, Ireland, 25 Dec, 1802; d. in Elizabethtown, N. J., 4 Feb., 1861. His parents were Roman Catholics, and destined him for the church, but he refused to take hcAy orders, and was apprenticed to a merchant, who treated him with such cruelty that he ran away and emigrated to the United States, landing in New York in 1818. He was then em- ployed in the printing establishment of Harper Brothers, became a Protestant, and was graduated at Williams in 1826, and at Princeton theological seminary in 1829. Pie was ordained joint pastor of the Presbyterian churches in Wilkesbarre and Kingston, Pa., in the autumn of the latter year, and from 1833 till his death was in charge of the church in Elizabethtown, N. J. He was secretary of the Foreign missionary society of the Presbyterian church in 1835, moderator of the general assembly in 1850, a founder of the New Jersey historical society, and for many years a trustee of Princeton theological seminary and Williams college, receiv- ing from the latter the degree of D. D. in 1843. In 1847 he began the publication, in the " New York Observer," of a series of letters addressed to Arch- bishop Hughes, signed " Kirwan," in which he attacked with ability some of the doctrines of the Roman Catholic church. This controversy with Archbishop Hughes excited much interest. Dr. Murray then lectured on " Popery." He visited Ireland in 1851, and again in 1860, in the interest of Protestantism, and preached and lectured against the practices of the Roman Catholic church. His publications include " Notes. Historical and Bio- graphical, concerning Elizabethtown, N. J." (Eliza- bethtown, 1844) ; " Letters to the Right Rev. John Hughes " (New York, 1848 ; enlarged ed., 1855) ; "Romanism at Home" (1852): "Men and Things as I saw them in Europe" (1853); "Parish and other Pencillings " (1854); "The Happy Home" (1859); " Preachers and Preaching" (1860); and a volume of sermons entitled "A Dying Legacy to the People of my Beloved Ch.arge " (1861). See a "Memoir" of him by Samuel I. Prime (1862).

MURRAY, Robert, surgeon, b. in Howard county, Md., 6 Aug., 1822. He was graduated at Jefferson medical college in 1845, was appointed assistant surgeon in the United States army in 1846, became captain and assistant surgeon in 1851, major and surgeon in 1860, and received the brevets of lieutenant-colonel and colonel in 1865 for meritorious service during the civil war. He was assistant medical purveyor and lieutenant- colonel in 1866, colonel and surgeon in 1876. sur- geon-general with the rank of brigadier-general in 1883, and was retired in 1886.

MURRAY. William Henry Harrison, author, b. in Guilford, Conn., 26 April,' 1840. He was graduated at Yale in 1862, licensed to preach the next year, and in 1864-'8 was pastor of churches in