sical statistics are often collected by the doctors in charge of large gymnasiums. But scientists now endeavor to measure mental as well as physical traits; and although such measurements are indirect, they represent a greater degree of exactness than mere opinion.
An'ticos'ti. An immense island in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 140 miles long by 30 miles wide. Not suitable for agriculture. It is now owned by Menier, the French chocolate manufacturer.
Anti-Cyclone. See Cyclone.
Antie'tam (an-te'tam), a creek in Maryland, where was fought one of the great battles of the Civil War, September 17, 1862, between the Union army, with 57,614 men in the field, under General McClellan, and the Confederate, with 38,000 men, under General Lee. The battle raged with great slaughter from early morning until dark. The result was not decisive, the Union loss being over 11,000 and the Confederate loss about 10,000. McClellan did not renew the attack, and on the 18th Lee retreated in safety. But the moral effect was to encourage the north, and on the strength of Antietam President Lincoln issued his proclamation abolishing slavery.
An'tigo, Wis., a city, the seat of Lang-lade County, on the Spring Brook River and on the Chicago & Northwestern R. R., 206 miles northwest of Milwaukee. Settled in or about the year 1878, the city was incorporated in 1884. Lumbering and agriculture are the chief indutsries of the region, together with its commerical trade. Besides its railroad shops, it has foundries, breweries, flour mills and extensive wooden-ware establishments, etc. Population, 7,196.
Antigone (an-tig'o-ne), one of the tragic characters in Greek fable. She was the daughter of Œdipus, king of Thebes. When her father was driven from his throne, she followed him to Attica and cared for him. After his death she returned to Thebes, where Hsemon, son of Creon, the new tyrant of Thebes, fell in love with her. She attempted to bury the body of her brother, who had been slain in war with Creon, and for this offense was ordered to be buried alive or shut up in a cave. Haemon slew himself by her side. The story of Antigone has "been told by several Greek poets; but only the tragedy of Sophocles is now in existence.
Antigua (ante'gwa), British West Indies, one of a group of islands (the Windward) which compose the Lesser Antilles, situated to the east of Porto Rico and separating the Caribbean Sea from the Atlantic. It is 54 miles in circumference, enclosing an area of 108 square miles or, with its dependent islands of Barbuda and Redonda, 170 square miles in all. Antigua is the seat of government in the Leeward Islands Colony of Britain, and has, besides a nominated governor and executive council, a legislative council consisting of eight official and eight unofficial members. The chief town is St. John (population, 1911, 9,262); the population of the colony with its dependencies, 38,899. ^ It has a local telephone line 90 miles in extent, is connected with the West India and Panama Telegraph Company's cable, and is reached by periodic steam vessels, direct from England, New York and Canada. Its chief exports embrace sugar, cotton and pineapples.
Antilles (an-til-lez or an-tel), a cluster of islands, forming a half circle and generally called the West Indies. They are about 3 60 in number. They are very fertile, but fierce hurricanes blow over them, and their climate is very hot. Their chief products are sugar, coffee, tobacco and cotton. They are divided into the Windward Islands, the Leeward Islands and the Great Antilles. See West Indies, Cuba, Jamaica, Bahamas, etc.
An'timony, a brittle metal of a bluish-white color. It may easily be reduced to a powder. When heated to about 800° it melts, and when cooled it forms crystals. It burns in the air with a white light, and gives off fumes known as the flowers of antimony. It does not tarnish or rust, and so is much used in alloys, such as type-metal. The finely-divided metal, called antimony black, is used to give casts an appearance of iron. There are a number of useful compounds of antimony: tartar emetic, the tartrate which is used in medicine; glass of antimony, a mixture of oxide and sulphide, used for coloring glass and porcelain yellow; and butter of antimony, the chloride, an oily liquid, which, mixed with olive oil, is used by gunmakers to give a brown color to gun barrels. The principal source of the metal is the sulphide, called stibnite or gray antimony ore. It is smelted in France, where it is found abundantly, in Germany and in England which receives its supply from Singapore and Borneo. Antimony is found in America, in California, Nevada, Mexico and New Brunswick.
Antinous (tin-tin'o-us), a beautiful youth of Bithynia. He was a favorite of the Emperor Hadrian, and went with him on his journey through Egypt. An oracle had told the emperor that a great danger which threatened him could be avoided only by the sacrifice of the person whom he loved most fondly. The youth hearing this, drowned himself in the iXfile. In his honor, Hadrian built the splendid city of Antino-Spolis or AntinoS, in Egypt, and also gave his name to a newly-observed star. Antinous was made a god, and statues of him were set up throughout the Roman empire.
Antioch (anrti-ok), named from its founder, Antiochus, was long celebrated as one of the first cities of the east. The name
