steadily advancing. The state university, located a*-- Fayetteville, has an enrollment of 1,000 students. The law and medical schools, under the control of this institution, are located in Little Rock, and each enrolls about three hundred students. The Branch normal school for negroes is located at Pine Bluff. The leading denominational schools are Henderson College (Methodist) and Ouachita College (Baptist), located at Arkadelphia; Searcy Female Institute and Galloway College (Methodist), located at Searcy; Hendrix College (Methodist) and Central College (Baptist), located at Conway; Arkansas College (Presbyterian), located at Batesville. The Arkansas Military Academy is located at Little Rock, Besides these there are about eighty private academies and high schools. All these institutions enjoy a liberal patronage. The legislature of 1907 provided for an increased tax levy for school purposes, county supervision of schools, and a state normal school. For th© year ending June 30, 1911 the reports show an enrollment of 404,760 pupils in the public schools, under the instruction of 9,834 teachers. The expenditures for school purposes for that year amounted to $3,510,132, over $600,000 being for the erection of new school-houses. The public school property is valued at $7,872,856.
History. Possibly the earliest settlement in the state was made in 1686, at Arkansas Post by the French. By the purchase of the Louisiana Territory in 1803, the United States acquired its title to the territory, though it was not till 1824 that the Indian claims were finally adjusted, Arkansas became a territory in 1819 and a state in 1836. It withdrew from the Union in 1861, and was not readmitted till 1868. During the "Carpet Bag" administration the state suffered much, but since the Brooks and Baxter War, occasioned by rival claims to the office of governor, and adoption of the present constitution in 1874, the progress of the state has been marked. Population 1,574,449.
Arkansas City, a city in Cowley County, Southern Kansas, at the junction of the Walnut River with the Arkansas.. A canal uniting these two streams furnishes the city with water-power for manufacturing purposes. Settled in 1870, the city was incorporated in the following year. Its trade consists largely of agricultural implements, windmills, wire and mattress factories, flour and lumber mills, etc., which it supplies to the Indian posts and agencies in Oklahoma. The U. S. Indian school is located near here, besides high and primary schools for whites. 1^is ^ also well furnish-ed with other public buildings, theaters and opera houses. Its trade is served by the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, the Missouri Pacific and the St. Louis
SIR RICHARD ARKWRIGHT
& San Francisco Railways. Population
(i910) 7>5°8-
Arkansas (ar'kan-saw)% a river of the United States and, next to the Missouri, the longest tributary of the Mississippi. It rises in the Rocky Mountains, and has a length of over 2,000 miles. After breaking through the Colorado canons, it flows through Kansas, Oklahoma and Indian Territory, and cuts Arkansas into nearly equal parts. It is navigable to Fort Smith and, in high water, to Fort Gibson, 462 miles.
Arkwright, Sir Richard. On a stormy night in the year 1765, a foot-traveler knocked at the door of a thatched cottage in the village of Stan-hill, Lancashire, I England, and asked for shelter from the weath-»er. The light of a candle and the whirring of a wheel guided him to that dwelling rather than to any other of the group. A cotton-spinner was there lengthening his day of toil, while his neighbors slept. At the knock the candle was blown out and the noise stopped. After a moment a voice asked:
"Who knocks?" "Dick Arkwright/' *'A spinner?"
"No, a barber and hair buyer from Bol-ton. I can pay for a lodging for the night." When the stranger was admitted and the candle had been relighted, there was disclosed a strange spinning-wheel with eight spindles. The host was James Har-greaves, and this was his newly invented spinning jenny which he used secretly because his ignorant neighbors, fearing such a machine would make work scarce, had destroyed his first model. In the itinerant barber he feared no rival, and he found a sympathetic listener. From this chance encounter of two poor, unlettered laborers resulted inventions that made England the greatest cotton-manufacturing country in the world, and revolutionized the methods of the industry,
Richard Arkwright was at that time thirty-three years old. He was born in Preston, a seaport town north of Liverpool, in 1732, the youngest of thirteen children of a poor laborer. At the age of ten he was apprenticed to a barber in Bolt on, and for twenty years his life was passed in a cellar shop, shaving workingmen at a penny a shave. It is doubtful if he could
