him against his enemies. The Emperor Theodosius was completely defeated by him, and seventy large cities were destroyed. A few years later, in 451, Attila marched westward against Gaul. There he was met in the valley of the Marne by Theodoric, king of the Visigoths, and by Aētius, leader of the Romans. After a terrible battle, Attila was completely defeated and barely escaped with his life. The old historians speak of the battle as one of the most bloody the world ever saw, and it was of the greatest importance, because it prevented the inferior races of the east from destroying the beginnings of new civilization in the west. Not less than 252,000 men are said to have been left dead upon the field. Attila resolved to fire his wagons and cast himself into the flames rather than be taken captive, but Aētius allowed him to retreat without harm.
The next year he made a raid into Italy, destroying many cities and driving the people into the mountains. Rome itself was saved only by the bravery of Pope Leo I, who visited Attila and is said to have so awed him by the majesty of his appearance that he gave up his intention of burning the city. He died in 453, while preparing for another attack upon Italy, from the rupture of a blood-vessel on the day of his marriage. His body was put into three coffins, the first of gold, the second of silver and the third of iron, and the men who made his grave were put to death, that no one might know where he was buried. He is described as of very short stature, with large head and flowing hair, small piercing eyes and broad shoulders.
At'tleboro, Mass., an early settled and progressive manufacturing town in Bristol County, on the line of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, 32 miles southwest of Boston. Originally composed of a group of villages, Attleboro was incorporated as a town in 1694. Today it has a number of bleacheries, dye-houses, smelters, gold and silver refineries and manufactures besides jewelry and jeweler's supplies, silverware, carriages, leather, buttons, cotton goods, etc. It has a well equipped public library, owns its waterworks and is the seat of the Attleboro Home Sanitarium and of a public alms-house. See Daggett: Sketch of the History of Attleboro (Boston, 1894). Population, 16,215.
Auburn (au'btirn), a city of Cayuga County, New York state. Electricity from Niagara and water-power from Owasco Lake, which is within two and a half miles of the city, supply its factories with power. The city contains a state prison, Theological Seminary and two free libraries. It was long the home of William H. Seward. It has manufactories of farm implements, rope, twine, engines and shoes. Population 34,668.
Auburn, Me., the capital of Andros-cpggin County, southwestern Maine, on two rivers of the same county name, which furnish the city with splendid water-power. It is situated about 35 miles north of Portland, and has good railroad facilities for the shipping of its special manufactures of cotton and shoes, in which trade it gives employment to some 5,000 hands. Its other industries include last, box and carriage works, machine shops, shoe findings, packing houses, etc. The town is lighted by electricity, and owns its waterworks. It has many and good schools, at the head of the public school system being the Edward Little High School, a noted institution, a number of churches and fine public buildings. Population, 15,064.
Auckland, a New Zealand seaport and the chief town in the North Island. For a time it was the capital of England's colony in the South Pacific, before the choice fell upon Wellington in 1865. Auckland has a fine harbor on the Gulf of Hauraki, and possesses considerable trade, being the chief town of its provincial district of the same name. The district has an area of 25,746 square miles, with a population (exclu-
AUCKLAND
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its harbour and approaches ENOU8H MILES
sive of Maoris) of 264,520 in 1911, and a fertile soil and delightful climate. The city of Auckland has considerable foreign trade, chiefly with Britain; it is also the seat of a university, and with its suburbs has a population of 102,676.
Audubon (aw'du-bon}, John James, a distinguished American ornithologist, was born in 1780 in Louisiana. He was educated at Paris, his parents being of French origin. After returning to America, he married and went to HVQ on .his plantation. He spent his time wandering throtigh tile
