representing all the colonies but Georgia, set forth the well-known Declaration of Rights. This body became known as the Continental Congress, and on July 4, 1776, adopted the Declaration of Independence. The first congress of the United States met in New York in 1789 with 26 senators and 65 representatives. The next year it moved to Philadelphia, and in 1800 to Washington. See Woodrow Wilson's Congressional Government; Cooley's Constitutional Limitations; Von Holst's Constitutional Law of the U. S.; and Bryce's American Commonwealth.
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| CONIDIA |
Conid′ia (in plants), asexual spores of certain fungi, which are formed by cutting off a series of cells from special branches of the mycelium, resulting in more or less extensive chains of spores which separate easily. Such spores are well displayed by the mildews and the æcidium forms of rusts. They are often called conidiospores. The singular of the name is conidium.
Co′nifers, the greatest group of living gymnosperms, containing such plants as the pines, spruces, hemlocks, firs, redwoods, cedars, cypresses, junipers, yews. The species are characteristic of the temperate regions of the northern and southern hemispheres, and are almost entirely absent from the tropics. Among them are some of the most valuable timber-trees, and the yearly inroads upon them for lumber, unless properly controlled, will result presently in their extinction. Their most characteristic features are the central shaft which never breaks up into branches, the evergreen needle-leaves, the cones and the soft and very evenly-grained wood. They are a very ancient group, their remains occurring in great abundance in the earlier rocks. See Gymnosperms.
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| CONJUGATION OF TWO FILAMENTS OF SPIROGYRA |
Con′jugate Plants, a group of the green algae, in which different plants become united together by connecting tubes, through which fertilization is effected. The common pond-scum or Spirogyra is an example. See Chlorophyceæ.
Conjuga′tion. A process of fertilization occurring in certain of the lower plants (Thallophytes), in which the sexual cells (gametes) which unite to form the spore are alike in appearance, there being no distinction of male and female.
Conk′ling, Roscoe, American politician, was born at Albany, N. Y., Oct. 30, 1829; and died at New York, April 18, 1888. In 1846 he removed to Utica, N. Y., where he became district attorney, and was mayor in 1858. He was elected to Congress, and in 1879 to the Senate. In the practical business of both houses he took an active and prominent part, serving on important committees, and was instrumental in securing much useful legislation. He took an active part in the reconstruction of the southern states, and advocated resumption of specie-payments. He opposed President Johnson's policy and zealous championed Grant's administration; and in June, 1880, nominated Grant for a third term. In 1881 he resigned his seat in the senate, owing to Garfield's exercise of control over appointments in his native state. In 1882 he was appointed associate-justice of the supreme court but declined. See his Life and Letters.
Connaught, Arthur, Duke of, Governor General of Canada (1911-), is the third son of the late Queen Victoria of England. Both in character and attainments, the duke is regarded as eminently qualified for the chief executive of the Dominion. Before his appointment he had served with distinction in the British army, traveled widely and availed himself of the opportunity to study the affairs of the empire at first hand. He was born in 1850. The duchess was Princess Louise of Prussia. The duke commanded the Guards brigade at Tel-el-Kebir and was mentioned three times in the dispatches.
Connecticut (kŏn-nĕt′ĭ-kŭt) (name derived from Indian word meaning land on the long tidal river) occupies the southwestern corner of the New England states. Its northern boundary is Massachusetts, 88 miles, its eastern, Rhode Island, 45 miles, western, New York, 72 miles. On the south 100 miles of irregular coast afford numerous good harbors, the best of which are New Haven and New London. The area of the state is 5,004 square miles. The census of 1900 gave a population of 908,420. A school census in 1907 showed a population of 1,037,614, and the census of 1910 gave a population of 1,114,756.
