and the state census of 1905 gave the percentage of illiterates among those of five years and over as 1.5. The public schools are supported almost entirely by district taxes, the interest on the permanent school fund amounting to about 30 cents per pupil of school age. To this are added a county tax of from one to three mills and certain fines. During 1909-1910, schools were maintained in 12,503 rural and 7,164 graded rooms, in 13,896 buildings valued at $27,233,239. The number of persons of school age (5 to 21) was 677,004, of whom 510,661 were enrolled in the public schools, maintaining an average attendance of 360,178. To maintain the schools 2,689 male teachers at an average monthly salary of $72.01 and 24,909 females at $45.21 were employed. The total amount paid for school purposes was $13,711,466, of which $8,335,917 was paid for teachers' salaries. The amount of the permanent school fund in September, 1910, was $4,788,817.
History. In 1673 Marquette and Joliet and in 1680 Hennepin touched the borders of the state. In 1788 Julian Dubuque obtained from the Indians a tract of land, including the present site of Dubuque. He established a trading post and developed the lead mines. Upon his death in 1810 the settlement was abandoned. In 1803 this territory, as part of the Louisiana Purchase, became part of the United States. Until 1838 it formed part of the territories of Louisiana, Missouri, Michigan and Wisconsin in succession. On June 12, 1838, it was organized as a separate territory, and on December 28, 1846, it was admitted into the Union. Fort Madison was erected in 1808, and in 1832 immigrants settled in that vicinity and at Burlington. After the close of the Black Hawk War this territory was settled rapidly. With the revision in 1857 of the constitution of 1846, the seat of government, which had been moved from Burlington to Iowa City in 1844, was transferred to Des Moines. When the whites first entered this territory, the Sac and Fox Indians occupied the eastern and the Sioux the western portions. The remnants of the former are now maintained on their reservation near Toledo, Tama County, while the latter have entirely disappeared.
Iowa Indians, a tribe of American Indians of the Dakota family, known among themselves by the name of Paducah. In 1700 they lived on Mankato River, Minnesota, numbering about fifteen hundred, and were often at war with the Osages and other tribes. Their number has been reduced by intemperance, war and disease. The survivors, numbering only 122, are located on reservations in Kansas and Indian Territory.
Iowa River, a river of Iowa, rises near the Minnesota line; flowing southeast for 300 miles, it empties into the Mississippi. It is navigable for small vessels for 80 miles to Iowa City.
Iphigenia (ĭf′ĭ-jḗ-nī́′ȧ), in Grecian legend, a daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra or, according to others, an adopted daughter. Her father offended Diana, and vowed to make atonement by sacrificing to the goddess the most beautiful thing born within the year. It happened that this was Iphigenia. Agamemnon long delayed the payment of his vow, but at length was commanded by the seer Calchas to keep his promise. When Iphigenia was brought to the altar to be sacrificed, she disappeared, and a hind lay there in her stead, Diana herself having caught her up in a cloud and carried her to Tauris. Here she became a priestess. Her brother, Orestes, found her here and removed her to Attica. The beautiful legend has been made the subject of many Greek poems, and artists and poets have immortalized the name of Iphigenia.
Ips′wich, a river port and market town of the county of Suffolk, England, of which it is the capital. It is situated on the River Orwell, at the foot of a range of hills, 64 miles northeast of London. The streets are narrow and irregular, and some of the old houses are ornamented with curious carved work. There are large iron and soap factories, breweries, corn mills and shipbuilding docks. The exports are chiefly from these industries. It was twice pillaged by the Danes, received its charter from King John and was twice visited by the plague. Its population is 75,936.
Iquique (ḗ-kē′-kắ), the port and capital of the Chilean territory of Tarapacá (Peruvian till 1881). It has important industries connected with the silver mines and iron mines, and exports saltpeter, borax and iodine. The climate is hot, and pure water is only obtained by distilling. Earthquakes have frequently damaged the town. Its population is 43,005.
Iranians (ē rän′yans) or Persians, a branch of the Indo-European or Aryan family. In early times they peopled the entire country of Persia or Iran, and they are believed to form the connecting link between the Aryan races of Asia and of Europe. Ther first appearance in history is as the race of the Medes, 2400 B. C. The Iranians to-day are found west of the Indus River, and include the Afghans, Tajiks, Aimags and the Persian races, Kurds and Armenians. The oldest literature is contained in the sacred books of the Parsees or fire-worshipers, called the Zend-Avesta. Modern Persian is Iranic, with a large mixture of Arabic words.
Ire′land, an island forming part of the united Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It is washed on the north, west and south by the Atlantic; and on the east
