wine and Germantown. The place was chosen partly for its defensibility and partly to protect Congress, then in session at York, Pa. Many of the men died from exposure because of inadequate supplies. Here Baron Steuben disciplined and reorganized the army. From this camp Washington reoccupied Philadelphia in June of 1778. In 1893 Pennsylvania appropriated $25,000 towards making Valley Forge a state park, but the project was dropped because of the inadequacy of the fund.
Vallombro′sa, a celebrated abbey of Tuscany, situated among the Apennines in a valley surrounded with forests of fir, beech and chestnut trees. Here an Order of Benedictine monks was founded about the middle of the 11th century, who were called Vallombrosians from the name of the site. This monastery was suppressed in 1863, and its buildings used for a royal academy of forestry, but it is still much visited by artists and tourists.
Valois (vȧl′wā′), House of, a branch of the Capetian dynasty, which occupied the throne of France from 1328 to 1589, when it was succeeded by the house of Bourbon. It comprised the following princes: Philip VI, John the Good, Charles V, Charles VI, Charles VII, Louis XI, Charles VIII, Louis XII, Francis I, Henry II, Francis II, Charles IX, Henry III. (See articles under these titles.) The Valois monarchs of the early line generally were able rulers, who by valor and wise policy resisted the invasions of the English and firmly established the royal authority over their nobility; but those of the later lines, with the single exception of Francis I, were weak and feeble princes, under whose rule the country was distracted by contests between the nobles and by religious dissensions among the people at large, and only saved from greater calamities by the ability of the ministers of the crown, upon whom the government of the country devolved.
Valparaiso (väl-pā-rī′sō), the most important commercial town of Chile (q. v.) and chief port on the west coast of South America, is situated on Valparaiso Bay, on which it has a frontage of four and one half miles. It is 62 miles west from Santiago, with which it is connected by rail. It is also connected with the Transandine Railway, which will give connection with Buenos Ayres, Argentine Republic. Steamship lines connect the city directly with Europe and with Panama. Except for a narrow, level strip along the bay, the site consists of a series of hills from 300 to 1,000 feet in height. The city has handsome government buildings, fine hotel, office and business buildings, extensive wharves and warehouses, 12 parks, ten newspapers, professional and high schools, primary schools and extensive manufacturing establishments of various kinds. Valparaiso has been visited by destructive earthquakes at various times. The latest occurred in August, 1906, when the city was devastated, involving an appalling loss of life and a property loss estimated at $200,000,000. Population 175,000.
Valparaiso, Ind., county-seat of Porter County, 44 miles southeast of Chicago, Ill., is on the Fort Wayne, Grand Trunk and "Nickel Plate" railroads. It is in a fertile farming district, and trades largely in agricultural productions. The chief manufactures consist of dairy-products, machine-shop goods and mica-paint. The town has been made well-known by Northern Indiana Normal School. This was founded in 1874 by Henry Brown for those who can not avail themselves of courses in regular colleges. It has over 5,000 students of both sexes, who obtain board, lodging and higher education for about $125 a year. The secret of the low prices lies in the elimination of the middleman and the purchase of food in enormous quantities at wholesale rates. The college has seven acres of gardens cultivated mainly by the students, and these are housed almost as economically as they are fed. For 22 cents a day students obtain good lodging and excellent meals. From the profits on board, lodging and teaching this school has acquired 50 acres of land, bought or built nine substantial buildings, earned and saved nearly $1,000,000 and formed a faculty of 162 instructors. Common-sense ideas are put to use in the educational work. The institution has $200,000 of productive funds, and in 1907 its income was $295,000. There is a library of 12,000 volumes. The population of the city in 1910 was 6,987.
Vam′béry, Arminius, a distinguished Hungarian traveler and professor of Oriental languages at Budapest, was born in 1832. He has traveled widely in Persia and Central Asia, and published many works narrating his wanderings in Persia, in India, in Bokhara and in Central Asia. His more notable works are History of Bokhara, The Central Asian Question, Story of Hungary, The Coming Struggle for India and Western Culture in Eastern Lands.
Vam′pire, according to a superstitious belief, which still prevails in some European
