"large shining area" of the pleuræ described for nodulosus is rather dull and not entirely smooth in the types I have seen.
Andricus punctatus (Bassett)
Plate XX, Figures 1 and 2
Cynips q. punctata Bassett, 1863, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., II, p. 324.
Cynips q. podagræ Walsh, 1864, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., II, p. 492.
Andricus davisi [gall] Beutenmüller, 1907, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXIII, p. 463.
Holcaspis globulus [error] Thompson, 1915, Cat. Amer. Ins. Galls, p. 60, No. 127, editor's note.
I have examined type material of Andricus davisi in The American Museum of Natural History, the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and in the collection of Mr. W. T. Davis. Mr. Davis has kindly given me specimens of the gall and adults from the type locality. The adults are the inquilines named Synergus lignicola Osten Sacken (1865, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., IV, p. 374), of which davisi must become a synonym. The original description of davisi mostly corresponds with the types. But the male antennæ are actually 15-jointed, the female 13-jointed; and no mention is made of the arcuate first abscissa of the radius, the closed radial cell, the longitudinally striate first segment of the abdomen, or other characters which are generic for Synergus.
The galls from which these were bred appear to be deformed specimens of Andricus punctatus. Walsh (1864, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., II, p. 499), Gillette (1889, Psyche, V, p. 185), and Beutenmüller (1910, in Smith's Cat. Ins. N. J., p. 597) record this inquiline from this gall; other inquilines and parasites are commonly bred from it.[1]
In studying the Thompson Collection in the Boston Society of Natural History, I find the material of No. 127 of Thompson's Catalogue to be this same gall, with a large part of the insects bred being S. lignicola. The gall davisi was described as occurring on Quercus ilicifolia; the Thompson material came from both Q. ilicifolia and Q. rubra. Although normal punctatus is more often found on Q. rubra, Q. velutina, or Q. coccinea, it is also found normal on others of the black oaks including Q. ilicifolia (cf. Beutenmüller, 1904, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Guide Leaflet 16, p. 13; and Viereck, 1916, Hymen. Conn., p. 431).
The parasitized or inquiline-inhabited galls are quite different from normal galls of the species. Compare Figs. 1 and 2 of Plate XX. In-
- ↑ After I had written the above, Mr. Lewis H. Weld drew my attention to similar abnormal galls which were evidently developed from galls of another species of Andricus. It would seem that Synergus lignicola may affect in similar fashion more than one species of cynipid gall; or it is possible that I am wrong in believing Andricus punctatus to be ever involved.
