right of way 250 feet in length, and 4 feet in diameter, with a drop or slope of 5 feet, and a cross sectional area of 12% square feet. There the embankment of this right of way is some 4 feet above the north end of the culvert, and, extending in a westward direction along Villard street, is higher than the crown of the street in front of plaintiff’s property. There the gutter is 12 inches, the curb 3% inches, and the level of plaintiff’s street line, 3 inches lower than the crown of the street. In addition, upon the right of way and upon the site of a part of this old drainway, there was constructed a wholesale grocery building abutting upon Villard street. There this drainway was filled up or obstructed. In lieu thereof, in the street with the permission of the city, the defendant installed a double concrete culvert about 185 feet long, with a cross sectional area of about 24 squaré feet. This culvert connected on the east end with an open ditch that ran some 100 feet, emptying into the culvert in the right of way, and on the west side with city culverts. These city culverts were located at the intersection of Villard street and Second avenue, two running east and west, and two, north and south, and having a cross sectional area of about 19 square feet. Thus were methods of disposition provided for the surface waters of this drainage area. If the city culverts were unable to take care of the water, the resultant effect was an overflow upon the street there which, except through the culverts, could not escape southward off the street along the old drainway by reason of the railway embankment, the construction of the wholesale grocery building, and the filling up of the old ditch or drainway there formerly existing.
On August 21, 1918, between 9 and 10 a. m., a heavy rain, accompanied by some wind, fell to the extent of 1% inches at Dickinson. Witnesses varied as to its duration from.20 minutes to one hour. Plaintiff testified that it lasted about one hour. In a short time the streets surrounding block 5, particularly Villard street, were overflowing with water. Into the basement of plaintiff’s hardware store, the water ran in through manholes in the front sidewalk and through basement windows broken by the pressure of the water. The water filled his basement (8 feet deep), and rose upon the ground floor to a depth of about 10 or 11 inches.
The same day, the water receded upon the ground floor. It was the third day before the basement was entirely drained, the sewer appearing to be clogged. Plaintiff testified that the water in the street was coming from the west and the east; that when it came into the store it was backing up from the east (that is, from the place where the city culverts are
