the dialects differ from one another. This prosthetic f appears already in M.Ir. Examples – fαdɔ:, ‘make into a blaze’, Meyer ad-súim; fαnαχt, ‘to remain’, O.Ir. anaim; fα:N′ə, ‘ring’, O.Ir. ánne; fαstɔjəm, ‘I hire’, O.Ir. astaim; fαihαχ, ‘giant’, O.Ir. athach; fα:s, ‘grow’, O.Ir. ás; fwi:jəm, ‘I sew’, M.Ir. úagim; fuər, fwyər; ‘cold’, O.Ir. úar; fwiəχt, ‘cold’, O.Ir. uacht; fwyə, ‘hatred’, M.Ir. úath; fwiN′ɔg, ‘window’, <Engl.; f′ïg, ‘length’, O.Ir. ed. Peculiar to Donegal are fαurə, ‘eclipse’, Di. urdhubhadh, Finck orə (ii p. 207); fɔir′əm, ‘I suit’, elsewhere oirim; fo̤ruw tiə, ‘furniture’, Di. iorradh, earradh, O’R. urradh, M.Ir. errad, eirred (cp. LL 268 b 11 ic errad tigi).
On the other hand iʃαg, ‘lark’, never has f in Donegal (Macbain uiseag, Di. fuiseog), and α:N′L′ɔg, ‘swallow’, has lost its f, O.Ir. fannall.
§ 316. w̥ gives f in bαnəfαn, ‘sucking-pig’, < *banbhthán, Di. banbhán; m′i:fər, ‘ugly’, Craig miofuar, also spelt míofar G. J. Jan. ’02 p. 8, Cl. S. 27 xii ’02 p. 702 col. 2, < mío-úathmhar. Sporadically with certain speakers at the end of monosyllables, e.g. dUf for dUw̥, cp. G. J. 1895 p. 11, ZCP. v 98.
2. f′.
§ 317. This symbol denotes a bilabial f with the lips drawn back tightly on to the teeth for which the younger people substitute labio-dental f′. The breath escapes in the same way as in the case of f.
§ 318. f′ represents O.Ir. initial f before e, i or before r, l followed by these vowels. Examples – f′αL, ‘treachery’, M.Ir. fell; f′αmnαχ, ‘wrack’, M.Ir. femnach; f′αNəm, ‘skin, flay’, O.Ir. fennaim; f′αr, ‘man’, O.Ir. fer; f′αrsəd, ‘spindle’, Wi. fersad; f′αrəg, O.Ir. ferc; f′αr̥iN′, ‘rain’, M.Ir. ferthain; f′α:r, ‘better’, O.Ir. ferr; f′ɛəsɔg, ‘beard’, M.Ir. fésóc; f′ɛ:r, ‘grass’, M.Ir. fér; f′eil′ə, ‘saint’s-day’, O.Ir. féle (gen.); f′iαχ, ‘crow’, O.Ir. fiach; f′iə, ‘weave’, M.Ir. fige; f′iəkil′, ‘tooth’, O.Ir. fiacail; f′ihə, ‘twenty’, O.Ir. fiche; f′ïl′ə, ‘poet’, O.Ir. fili; f′ïN, ‘fair’, O.Ir. find; f′ir′əN, ‘male’, M.Ir. firend; f′i:r′iN′ə, ‘truth’, O.Ir. fírinne; f′l′ïg, ‘chickweed’, Di. flich, Hogan fliodh, fligh; f′l′ïχ, ‘wet’, O.Ir. fliuch; f′r′i:, ‘flesh-worm’, M.Ir. frigde; f′r′ïgrə, ‘answer’, O.Ir. frecre; f′r′iʃN′æʃαχ, ‘peevish, irritable’; f′r′ihir′, ‘sore’, Di. frithir.
f′ is further the aspirated form of initial p′, e.g. mə f′αN, ‘my pen’; də f′αtə, ‘your pet′; α f′i:pə, ‘his pipe’; ℊα: f′i:N′,
