stones, 440; on balls, 420; on beads, 457, 458; on cups, 444, 448; on cylinders of chalk, 421; on hammer, 226; on jet ring, 454; on lamp, 445; on querns, 259, 260; on spindle-whorls, 438; on stone vessel, 451
Ostrich, egg-shell, discs of, worn by Bushmen, 277; bone used by Bushmen for arrow-shafting, 410
Otter-skin, Califomian knives hafted with, 293
Out-door and in-door use, varying implements for, 641
Ouvry, late Mr. F., Egyptian implement found by, 652
Overlapping of the three Ages, 11, 227
Ovid, his mention of the sickle of Medea, 5; his mention of the stone used by Atys, 9; on the wearing action of water, 477
Oviedo on sawing with sand and string, 44
Ox, African, sacrifice of, with stone implement, 10
Ox horn, possible use of, in tube-boring, 50; dagger-hilt of, 265
P
Paint, red, early use of, 149, 263, 264; from hæmatite, 312; stone mullers used for grinding, 248
Palæolithic deposits, their relation to Boulder clay, 577, 685, 697
floors, buried under "trail," 698; discovery of, 586, 591; flint workshop on, 606; heaps of flint lying on, 598; implements from, 587; preservation of delicate flakes in, 643; replacement on original cores of, flakes from, 598; under brick-earth, 598; under Wey valley gravels, 595
implements, compared with neolithic, 12, 648, 657
man, evidence for unity of races of, 654
Palæolithic Period, characteristics of implements of, 53; grindstones apparently unknown in, 85; conditions of human life in, 657
Palestine, ceremonial use of stone knives in, 9
Palstaves, bronze, hafting of, 163
Patagonians, arrow-heads of, 406; varieties of Bolas among, 422
Patination of flints, 187, 660
Patroclus, prize at funeral games of, 5
Paulus Jovius on bone bracers in England, 430
Pausanias on the use of metals in the heroic times, 4, 7
Peale, Mr. T. R., on the use of bone in arrow-chipping, 39
Peat, injurious effect of, on wood, 152; moss, hafted hatchet found in, 151; moss, sling-stones in, 419; moss, stone knives arranged in, 593; Oxford, recent flora in, 593; palæolithic implements at base of, 539
Pebbles, as amulets, 466, 469; cheese-shaped, 244; with depressions worked, 241, 244, 270; flint, disintegration of, 497; grooved, 271; in interments, 467, &c.; naturally perforated, 469, 470; painted, in the cave of Mas d'Azil, 484; perforated, for hammers, 217; perforated, for net-sinkers, 439; polished, in tumuli, 214, 443, 467; as pounders, 244; of quartz, battered by use, 25; of quartzite, hammers of, 228; sacred, 468; for slinging, 419
Pemberton, American inscribed axe from, 58
Pendants of amber, 460; of bone, 463; of bronze at Hallstatt, 464; of jasper and callais, 465; of jet, 461, &c., 466; of serpentine, 470
Pengelly, Mr., exploration of Brixham cave by, 512; of Kent's Cavern, 488, 491
Pennacooks, mode of using pestle among the, 257; their scrapers, 299
Pennant, Mr., on querns in the Hebrides, 258
Penning, Mr. W. H., on African palolithic implements, 653; palæolithic implements found by, 602, 603
Pennington, Mr. Rooke, barrow opened by, 467
Perceval, Mr. Spencer G., drift implement found by, 624
Perforations in celts, 142; incomplete, of axe-heads, 205, 226; natural, in flints, 184, 225; in pebbles, 217, 470; in stone, how effected, 46, 47; in stone, possible use of in cord-making, 428; in whetstones, 268; in wooden handle of flake, 292
Perrault, M., researches in the Camp de Chassey, 159
Persian arrows, iron, 394, 396
Persians, myth as to their skill in archery, 361
Personal ornaments, amulets, &c., 452-472
Perthes, M. , Boucher de, discoveries in Somme valley, 12, 490; on celt handle, 160; on uses of pointed implements, 655; on worked flints at Abbeville, 526
Peru, obsidian working in, 24
Pestle and mortar, 252, 254
Pestle-like implements, 135, 149
Petrie, Prof. Flinders, on Egyptian blades, ripple-marked, 359; on fibre-hafted knife, 293; flint hatchets, hafting of, 169, 170; lance-head, 354; palæolithic implements found by, 652, 653; on sickles, 297; on tube- boring, 51
Pfahl-bauten, Swiss, flint workshop in the, 22; sawing on celts of, 43
Philip II. of Macedon, imitations of coin of, found with arrow-head, 397
Phillips, Mr. B., on softening amber, 449
Pickel, Conrad, his name Latinized into Celtes, 56
Picks of red deer horn used for flint extraction, 33
Picks and chisels, 173-182
"Picts* Castle," 138
"Picts' houses," see Brochs
"Picts' knives," flakes resembling, 281, 292; not of flint, 345; recent use of, 348; possible use of in whaling, 348
Pierre de tonnerre, 57
Pig, Roman sacrifice of, with flint weapon, 10
"Pikelet stones" now made of iron, 440
Pins or awls, 433; bone, in interments, 83; from Kent's Cavern, 488, 506; bronze, 214; possible use of, in interments, 432
Pipes of erosion, 548, 602, 707
Pisander, bronze axe of, 4
"Pisky grinding-stones," 437
Pitcairn on the diabolical origin of elf-arrows, 366
Pitch, Scandinavian use of, for mounting bronze implements, 170
Pithecanthropus erectus, Dr. Dubois', alluded to, 703
Pits for the extraction of flints, 33, 35, 78
Pivot stones, 242
Planes, Eskimo, use of scrapers as, 299
"Plateau type," doubtful character of flints of, 609, 643, 658
Plate of gold in barrow, 227
Plates of amber for necklaces, 460; of jet, 457, &c.
Pleistocene fauna, association of worked flints with, 606, 700, 701, &c.; implements, European, similarity of those of Somaliland with, 653
Pliny as to Cerauniæ, 64, 481; on the Glossopetra, 363 ; on the ovum anguinum, 437; on pyrites, 16
Plot, Dr., on the true character of stone axes, 63; on flint arrow-heads, 362
Ploughshare, bronze, ceremonial use of, by the Tuscans, 5
Plowright, Dr. C. B., on a Norfolk flint factory, 83
Plutarch on the bronze weapons of Theseus, 4
"Pluvial Period," Mr. Tylor on the, 698
Poem, early German, referred to, 146
