HENRY. HENRY AND EMMA. extensive powers. Two regiments were enlisted, and Henry was appointed eoniniander of all tlio forces to be raised. The first collision was at Great Bridge, where the Virginia militia gained a triumph over trained British troops, and drove Dunmore back to his ship. Henry should natu- rally have been the leader of the troops, but the active command was given to Col. 'illiani Wood- ford. Henry was disappointed and resigned. In the convention of ilay, 1770, wlien the delegates to the Continental Congress were instructed to demand the independence of the Colonies, he took an active part and was chosen by that conven- tion one of the committee which prepared the first Constitution of the Commonwealth of Vir- ginia. In that year he was chosen by the con- vention, which then exercised the power of election later exercised by the Assembly, to be CJovernor of Virginia, and was reelected until 1779. when he became ineligible; and more than once during his oceu])aney of the ofiice the Legis- lature conferred upon him, in times of crisis, practically dictatorial powers. He returned to the Legislature, in which he served until 1784, and was then once more chosen Govei'nor, serv- ing until 178fi, when he finally resigned. In 1788 he was a member of the convention which ratified for Virginia the Federal Constitution, which instrument he vigorously opposed, chiefly on the ground that it failed properly to pro- tect the rights of States and individuals against the extreme centralization of power in the Fed- <'ral Government. In 1794 he decdined a seat in the United States Senate, and in 1795 Wash- ington offered hira the position of Secretary of State, but he declined. He also declined the ofiice of Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, and Adams's ofl'er of a spe- cial mission to France, as well as an election as Governor in 1796. He was elected to the House of Delegates in 1799, but did not live to take his seat, dving on June 0th of that year. Consult: Tyler, '/'a>ncA; Henry (Boston, " 1887) , in the "American Statesmen Series;" Wirt. Sketches of ihe Life and Character of Patrick Henri/ (2d ed., Philadelphia, 1818) ; and William Wirt Henry, Patrick Henry, Life, Correspond-cnce, and iipccchrs (3 vols.. New York, 1891). HENRY, JiN're', Paul Pierre (1848—). A French astronomer, born at Nancy. He was an assistant at the Paris Observatory (1864) and adjunct astronomer (1876). With his brother. Prosper Matiiieu Henry (1849 — ), who was made titular astronomer in 1893, he did much for the perfection of astronomical photography, in their labor of completing the Atlas cclipfii/iic <if Chacornac. The older brother discovered the Comet III. and the planetoids 126, 141, 152. 159, 164, 177, and 227. and Prosper discovered the planetoids 125. 127, 148, 154, 162, 169, and 186. HEN'RY, Philip (1031-96). An English Nonconformist clergj'man. born in London. He graduated at O.xford in 1652 and was ordained in 1657. His career as a preacher was repeatedly interrupted by the religious persecutions of his time, and it was not until the Act of Toleration was passed in 1687 that he was allowed to pur- sue his calling unmolested. The remaining years of his life were spent in unceasing labor. His Diaries and Letters, published in 1882. gives a tletailed account of the Nonconfoi-mist life of his period. Vol.. IX —50. HENRY, Korert (1718-90). A Scottish his- torian, minister of the Established Church. He was born in Saint Xinian's Parisli, Stirlingshire; was educated at Kdiiil)nrgh University, and after a term of school-teaching entered the Church, his first charge being at Carlisle. For the last twenty-two years of his life he was in Edinl>urgh ehurclics — New and Old Grey Friars — and found opportunity to compile his History of Enyland on a .Vcic Plan (6 vols., 1771-9.'!). of which the last volume was published after his death. Ilenrs 'new plan' of grouping social progress in periods is no longer new, and has been fol- lowed out with greater accuracy since his time. HENRY, aN're', Victor (1850—). A French philologist, born at Colmar. He studied both law and philology, but finally devoted himself ex- clusively to the latter, and was appointed pro- fessor of grammar and comparative linguistics at the University of Lille. In 1889 he was trans- ferred to a similar position in the faculty of let- ters at Paris. His writings, which are numerous, cover a wide range of linguistics. Among them special mention nuty bo made of his Esquisse d'une grammaire de ta langtie innok (1878) ; Es- fjuisse d'une yrammaire rai.wnnec de la langue alcoiite (1879); La distribution yeographigue des tongues (1880) ; Etudes afghancs (1882) ; Es- (juisses morphologiqves (1882-90): Precis de grammaire eumparce du grec et du latin (Paris, 1888, translated into English by K. T. Elliot, 1890) ; Precis de yrammaire eomparce de Van- glais et de Vallemand (1893) ; Manuel pour etu- flier le sanserif vcdique (1890); and Le livre septieme de I'Atharva-Veda (1892). HENRY, William (I774-I830). An English chemist. He studied cliemistry and medicine at the University of Edinburgh, and received the degree of doctor of medicine from that university in 1807. Henry devoted himself mainly to inves- tigations in chemistry and medicine. He was the author of several papers in the Philosophical Transactions (ehiefiy on the chemistry of gases) ; and his Elements uf Experimental Chemistry, originally published (1801) under the title of An Epitome of Chemistry, passed through numer- ous editions. He is remembered chielly as the discoverer of the important general law. accord- ing to which the amount of any gas absorbed by any liquid is proportional to the ])ressnre exer- cised upon the gas. provided no chemical combina- tion takes place between the gas and the liquid. HENRY, WiLLi.iM Wirt (1831-inOO). An Aiiicrican lawyer and historical writer. He was liorn at Red Hill, Charlotte Co., Va.; was edu- cated at the University of Virginia, and was elected to the State Legislature, where he at- tended four sessions. In addition to the practice of his profession, he was deeply interested in historical studies, and became ])resident of the American Historical Association and of the Vir- ginia Historical Soeiet.y, He is the author of the liife. Correspondence, and Si>ccchcs of Patrick Henry (3 vols., 1890-91), besides historical ad- dresses and essays. HENRY AND EM'MA. A poem in dialogue, published in the collcrtcd <Mlition of Pricus works in 1709. It is founded on the «], English ballad The yut-Hroirn Maid, and is among the three more ambitious but less read of his attempts. It contains the line: "Fine by degrees, and beauti- fully less,"
