STEINLE. 546 STELVIO. Treves, Fiirth, and Vienna. His oil paintings, of rare coloristic charm, include "The Visit of Mary to Elizabeth" (1848) and -Saint Luke Painting the Virgin," both in the Karlsruhe Gallery; "Sib- ylla Tiburtina" (1848, Stiidel Institute, Frank- fort) ; "Madonna," altar-piece (Saint Boniface, Wiesbaden); "The Warder" (1858); "Loreley," "Adam and Eve," and "Tartini Playing on a Tower at Padua" (all in the Sehack Oallery, Munich); and "Madonna in a Garden" (1884, National Gallery, Berlin). He also composed many cycles in water colors and sepia, such as the "Legend of Saint Euphrosine," Brentano's "Rheinmiirchen," several from Shakespeare's plays, and "Parsifal" (Pinakothek, Munich). Consult: Wurzbach, Bin M adonncnmaler unserer Zeit (Vienna, 1879) ; Valentin, Ediiard von Steinle (Leipzig, 1887) ; and Reichensperger, Erinnerungen (Frankfort, 1887). STEINLEN, stuN'UiN'. TnEOPintE Alexan- dre (1850 — ). A French draughtsman and illus- trator, born in Lausanne, Switzerland. He first became known by his drawings in the newspapers, especially those done in color for the Gil Bias IUust7-ce. Afterwards he became a successful poster designer. He was also successful in por- traying Paris street life, partieularlj' about Montmartre. Some of the best of his later work is included in Pelletan's L'Almanach du Biblio- pliile. His publications include the album Les Chats. STEINMETZ, stin'mets, Karl Fkiedricii von (1796-1877). A Prussian field-marshal, born at Eisenach. He fought in the wars against Napo- leon, and against Denmark in 1848; became lieutenant-general in 1858, and in the campaign against Austria of 1866 won great distinction as commander-in-chief of the Fifth Army Corps, by his victories at Nachod, Skalitz, and Schwein- schadel. At the beginning of the Franco-German War he was made conunanJer-in-chief of the First Army. Owing to his surpassing self-confidence, he engaged in disputes with other commanders and the general staff. After his rashness had almost caused a disaster at Gravelotte (q.v. ), he was deprived of his command. In September, 1870, Steinmctz was appointed Governor-General of Posen and Silesia, and in April, 1871, he was made general field-marshal. STEINSCHNEIDEK, stin'shni'der, Moeitz (1816—). A distinguished bibliographer and Orientalist, born at Prossnitz, Moravia. He studied at Prague, Vienna, Leipzig, and Berlin, and taught in Prague and Berlin. The most im- portant of his publications are his catalogues, and among them the chief are Catalogus Librorum Eebrworum in. Bibliothcca Bodlciana (1852-60), Kataloy der hehriiischcn Handachriftoi zu Ley- den (1857), and lists of the Semitic manuscripts in the Roval Library of Munich (1875; 2d ed. 1895), in 'the Hamburg Library (1878), and in the Berlin Royal Library (1878). He wrote Hebrdische V'ebersetzungen dcs Mittelaltcrs (crowned by the French Academy, 1893) ; an article on Jewish literature in Ersch and Gruber's Encyldopiidie, translated by Spottiswoode as Jewish Literature from the Eighth to the Eight- eenth Ci-»tiiries' (1857) ; Vcbersctzungrn tius drin Griechischen (1891-96); and Die arabische Lit- teratur der Jiidcn (1902). Consult the Fest- schrift zurn SO. Oeburtstage M. Sieinschneiders (Leipzig, 1896), with a full bibliography by George Kohut. STEINTHAL, stin'tal, Heymann (1823-99). A German philologist, born at Grobzig, in Anhalt, and educated at Berlin, where he became privat- docent in 1850 and extraordinary professor in 1803, lecturing on language and mythology. After 1872 he also lectured on criticism of the Old Testament, ethics, and the historj' of religion at the school for the science of Judaism. With Lazarus he edited from 1860 to 1890 the Zeil- schrift fiir Vollcer-PsychoJogie und Sprachii'issen- scliaft, and his works include: Der Ursprung der Hpruche (1851. 4th ed. 1888) ; Die Entwiekelung der tiehrift (1S52); Geschichte der tipraelnvis- senschaft bei den Orieehen und Romern (1863, 2d ed. 1889-91) ; Die Mande-Negersprachen, psy- chologisch mid phonetiseh betrachtet (1867); Abriss der Sprachwissensehaft (1871 et seq.); AUeyemeine Ethik (1885) ; Zur Bibel und Reli- gioHS-l'hilosophie (1890-95). Consult Achelis, Ucymanii Htcinthal (Hamburg, 1898). STEINWAY, stin'wa, Heinrich Engelhard (1797-1871). A German-American piano manu- facturer, originally named Steinweg, born at Wolfshagen, Harz Mountains. He began to manufacture guitars and zithers in Bruns- wick, and finally undertook the making of piano- fortes. In 1850 he went to New York City with his four sons — Charles, Henry, William, and Albert — leaving the German business to his old- est son, Theodor. In 1853 they established the firm of Steinway & Sons. STEJNEGER, sti'ne-ger, Leoniiard (1851 — ). An American naturalist. He was born in Ber- gen, Norway, and graduated at the Univer- sity of Christiania in 1871. Ten years later he came to the L^nited States, and became connected with the United States National Museum, of which he became curator of reptiles and batrachians in 1889. He prepared the greater part of tlie fourth volume of the Standard Xat- ural History, Birds (1885); the Poisonous Snakes of Xorth America (1893) ; Report of the Rookeries of the Commander Islands (1897); The Asiatic Fur Seal Islands and Fur Seal In- dustni (1898); and The Eerpetology of Porto Rico '(1903). STEL'LA. See Swift, Jonathan. . STEL'LA. (1) The name applied by Sir Philip Sidney, in his splendid collection of son- nets, entitled Astrophel and Stella, to Penelope Devereux, Lady Rich. (2) The name given by Swift to Esther Johnson, who is generally known as Stella. STELLENBOSCH, stel'Ien-bos. A town of Cape Colony, 25 miles east of Cape Town, with which it has railway connection (Map: Cape Colony, E 9). After Cape Town it is the oldest settlement of the colony, having been founded by Huguenot refugees near the close of the sev- enteenth century. Population, about 0000. STELVIO (stel've-o) PASS (Ger. Stilfser Joch). A lofty Alpine pass leading across the Ortler group of Tyrolese Alps on the linundary between Tvrol and Italy. 68 miles soutliwest of Innsbruck' CMap: Aust'ria, B 3). The carriage road passing tlirough it is the highest in Europe, being 9055 feet above the sea. It forms part of the great road between Milan and Innsbruck, and
