278] V O M means above stated ; after which a similar method will be sufficient to be.ll the ulcer. UMBER, or Grayling, Salmo thjfma/iis, L. a species of the sal- mon, which frequents rapid, clear streams, and particularly those flow- ing thrpugh mountainous coun- tries. It inhabits principally the rivers of Derbysliire, and those of Scotland ; though it is occasionally caught in the stream near Christ- church, Hants. This lish seldom exceeds l6 inches in length, and weighs from 2 to 3 ' lbs, : it is of an elegant form, somewhat resem- bling the trout, but of a lighter colour. * The umber is remarkable for its velocity in swimming : the proper season for angling is in the months of March and April, when this fish may be easily taken with a strong line and hook j as it is exceedingly voracious, and will eagerly take a bait. — Its flesh is very delicate j and its intestines are employed by the Laplanders as a substitute for rennet, to coagulate the milk of the rein- deer. VOMITING, is the inverted vermicular motion of the muscular libres of the stomach and intes- tines ; being attended with con- vulsions of the abdominal muscles and midriff: when this action is so mild as to be confined to the sto- mach, it is then termed nausea. — As vomiting is a frequent symptom in other diseases, especially in fe- vers, we shall here consider it only as a primary complaint. Causes : — Crudities accumulated in the stomach j such as bile ; mucus ; hard, indigestible food ; Ecirrhus, and other organic affec- tions ; acrid and poisonous snb- Bt^Rces taken by the mouth; worms j VOM ruptures ; nephritic complaints, or stone, as well as violent passions. Cure : — If the stomach be foul } or if hurtful substances have been swallowed, emetics should be ad- ministered in the manner described, vol. ij. p. 225 ; but, in cases where poisons have been taken, the an- tidotes recommended under their respeftive heads, should first be re- sorted to ; and the cure be com- pleted by strengthening medicines. In callosity, or scirrhosity of the stomach, benefit has often been de- rived from the internal use of soap, mt-rcurials, and other alteratives, — Worms require the Jreatmeut alrea- dy suggested, for their expulsion,-— If vomiting has been induced by violent passions, especially by an- ger and vexation} it will be ad- visable to take a tca-spoonlul of vitriolated kali in spring-water, and, on the following morning, from 10 to 15 grains of powder of rhubarb : the beverage should con- sist of barley-water, and otljer di- luents, with cream of tartar, and a few grains of nitre. Persons of an irritable temper, and consequently more liable to a return of this com- plaint, ought at least to abstain from spirituous liquors, and high- seasoned food. Where the vomiting, or nau- sea, continues after the stomach is cleansed, about a scruple of salt of wormvood should be taken in wa- ter ; and immediately after, two tea-spoonfuls of lemon-juice in the same liquid j which remedy may be repeated every two or three hours ; drinking balm-tea in the intervals. The Columbo-root has, likewise, been of great service in these cases. Infants at the breast are often troubled with vomiting: if the milk
