the queen, and forced to take refuge in England. He returned to Edinburgh, March 10, 1566, the day after Rizzio's murder, to which he was certainly privy. In April, 1567, he withdrew to France, but recalled by the nobles in arms against Mary; found her a prisoner at Lochleven, and himself appointed regent of the kingdom. On Mary's escape he defeated her forces at Langside, near Glasgow (May 13, 1568), and afterward was sent to England to conduct the negotiations against her. After his return to Scotland he succeeded in securing the peace of the realm, and settling the affairs of the Church. He was shot in Linlithgow, Scotland, Jan. 20, 1570.
MORAY FIRTH, an indentation of the German Ocean, on the N. E. coast of Scotland, measuring 21 miles across its entrance from Tarbet Ness, in Rossshire, to Stotfield Head, near Lossiemouth in Elginshire, and 39 miles thence to the mouth of the river Beauly.
MORBIHAN (mor-bē-ong′), a maritime department of France, formed out of ancient Brittany, bounded by the Atlantic on the S. and Finistere on the W.; area, 2,738 square miles; pop. about 600,000. The largest island is Belle Isle. The department forms a plateau, partly cultivated, partly occupied by tracts of heath and marsh. Morbihan is divided into the four arrondissements of Vannes, L'Orient, Floërmel, and Pontivy. The chief town is Vannes, but the most populous is L'Orient. Many ancient customs still prevail; communal proprietorship survives there, and in some of the islands the priest, assisted by a council of notables, governs the people.
MORDVINS, a Finnic race, now however greatly intermingled with the Russians, who dwell along the middle course of the Volga, from the government of Nijni-Novgorod to that of Samara. They number about 790,000.
MORE, HANNAH, an English author; born in Stapleton, Gloucestershire, England, Feb. 2, 1745. She wrote verses at an early age, and in 1762 she published "The Search after Happiness," a pastoral drama. In 1773 she went on a visit to London, and was introduced to the Garricks, Dr. Johnson, Burke, Sir Joshua Reynolds. She wrote two tales in verse, and two tragedies, "Percy" and "The Fatal Secret." After the publication of her "Sacred Dramas" she retired to Cowslip Green, near Bristol, where she did much to improve the condition of the poor in her neighborhood by establishing schools. Her novel, "Cœlebs in Search of a Wife," and a tract called "The Shepherd of Salisbury Plain," are some of the most popular of her works. She died in Clifton, England, Sept. 7, 1833.
MORE, PAUL ELMER, author; born in St. Louis, Mo., 1864, he graduated from Washington University in 1887 and attained his A.M. degree at Harvard in 1893. During the following year he was assistant instructor in Sanskrit at Harvard, and taught classical literature in addition, 1895-1897, at Bryn Mawr. He was literary editor of "The Independent" from 1901 to 1903, of the New York "Evening Post" from 1903 to 1909, and editor of "The Nation" from 1909 to 1914. His works include, "A Century of Indian Epigrams," "The Judgment of Socrates," translation of "Prometheus Bound" of Æschylus, "Life of Benjamin Franklin," "Shelburne Essays" (9 vols.), and "Platonism."
MORE, SIR THOMAS, an English statesman; born in London, England, Feb. 7, 1478. He was the only son of Sir John More, a judge of the Court of King's Bench. A portion of his youth was spent in the family of Cardinal Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury, and chancellor; and he was then sent to Oxford, and afterward entered at Lincoln's Inn. He had already formed an intimate and lasting friendship with Erasmus. About 1502 he became a member of Parliament, upholding the privileges of the House of Commons to treat all questions of supply as their own exclusive business. On the accession of Henry VIII, he was made under-sheriff of London. In 1514 he was envoy to the Low Countries, soon after a privy-councillor, and in 1521 was knighted. In 1523 he became speaker of the House of Commons, and in 1529 succeeded Wolsey in the chancellorship. When Henry began his attacks on the papal supremacy More supported the old system. Henry marked him out for vengeance as an opponent of his matrimonial views. He was requested to take the oath to maintain the lawfulness of the marriage with Anne Boleyn. His refusal led to his committal to the Tower and execution, July 6, 1535. His chief work is the "Utopia" (in Latin), a philosophical romance describing an ideal commonwealth.
MOREAU, JEAN VICTOR (mo-rō′), a French general; born in Morlais, France, Aug. 11, 1761. He was educated for the law, but enlisted at 17, and thenceforth devoted himself to a military career. In 1796 he was commander of one of the two French armies that invaded Germany. The other army, under
