GOKMAN. 54 tarn. He left the service in 1864, and subsequent- ly, until his death, lived at Saint Paul, where, for several years, he was city attorney. GOR'NER GLACIER. A large glacier in the Pennine Alps, lying on the north slope of ilonte Rosa. It has a length of 9.4 miles and covers an area of 26.6 square miles, including the snow- ficlds. The ice-sheet averages about one mile in width. A fine view of the glacier is obtained from the Gorner Grat, a ridge rising from the right bank to a height of about 10,000 feet. GOBOSTIZA, go'ro-ste'sa, Manuel Eduakdo DE (17S9-1S51). A Mexican statesman and play- wright. He was born at ^'era Cruz, of which city his father was Governor, and early acquired fame through his comedies, the first of which is said to have been written by him at the age of twelve. He fought against Napoleon, was one of the most ac- tive agitators of Mexican independence in London, and subsequently was sent there as ilinister of the newly established Republic of Mexico. He was afterwards sent in the same capacity to the United States, and to France, where he concluded several important political and commercial trea- ties. A list of his works was published in the Catdlogo de Autoridades de la LeiKjua of the Spanish Academy. They include: Don Dicfjidto (1820) ; Indulgencia para todos (1818) ; El Juga- dor (1820) ; Contigo pan y cebolla (1833). GORRES, ger'res, Johann .Josef (1776-1848). A German scholar and pulilicist. He was born at Coblenz, January 25, 1776; studied at the University of Bonn, and being of a very ardent temperament, threw himself into the revolu- tionary movement which then agitated Rhenish Prussia. He first dreamed of uniting the Rhenish provinces with France in pursuance of his ideal of a union of all civilized countries, and advo- cated these ideas in two ephemeral newspapers. He. however, soon learned to detest Napoleon, and, despairing of the cause of liberty, from 1800 to 1S06 taught physics at Coblenz; then was tutor at Heidelberg. In 1808 he returned to Cob- lenz, and for two years (1814-16) edited another newspaper, the Rhdnischcr Merknr, the most im- portant political journal published in Germany at that time, which breathed the most ardent German patriotism. But before long his opinions underent another radical change, and, compelled to flee because his political views were not accept- able to the Government, he took up a mystic and symboliq kind of religion in the same enthusiastic way. Always a Roman Catholic, he now became the Church's aggressive champion. In 1826 he was appointed professor of history in the University of iliinich. and the next twenty years were the most productive of his life, during which he poured forth a mass of brilliant polemic papers on questions of the day. He died at Munich, .January 27, 1848. His principal pub- lication is Die cln-isfUche Mi/stik (1836-42), which, though doubtless intended to set forth only views acceptable to the Roman Catholic Church, as a matter of fact was regarded with so much aversion that it required all the King of Bava- ria's influence to prevent its being put on the Index. His numerotis political writings were ■ collected (1854-60), and also his letters (1858- 74). In English have appeared: Germami and the Revolution (1820) : The Stigmata: a Hisfori/ of Various Cases (a part of his Mystik, 1883). GORTCHAKOFF. Consult his biography by Galland (2d ed., Frei- burg, 1876). GORRESIO, gor-ra'ze-O, Gaspake (1808-91). An Italian Sanskrit scholar, born at Bagnasco, Piedmont, and educated at Turin and Vienna. He was professor of the military school at Turin from 1832 to 1838, and then went to Paris to study Sanskrit under Burnouf, and later continued his linguistic studies in London. In 1852 the first chair of Sanskrit in Italy was establislied for him at Turin, and in 1862 he became librarian of the National Library in that city. His principal work, upon which he was engaged for nearly thirty years, is an excellent Italian translation of the Rihndiimia (10 vols., 1843-58). GORRINGE, gSr'rInj, Hexry HoneychurcS (1841-85). An American naval officer. He was born in the island of Tobago, V. I., the son of an English clergyman, and emigrated to New York in 1858, where he entered the merchant- marine service, and by 1862 was master of a sailing vessel. In that year he entered the L'nited States Navy as an ordinarv seaman. He was iittached to the Mississippi Squadron under Commodore Porter, and in 1865, by successive promotions for bravery, attained the rank of act- ing lieutenant. In 1868 he was commissioned lieutenant-conunander. He commanded the Porfs- inouth in the South Atlantic Squadron from 1869 to 1871, and was engaged at the Hydro- graphic Office in Washington fi-om 1871 to 1876, wlien he was sent with the Gettysburg to the Mediterranean Sea. In 1879 he was assigned the task of transporting from Alexandria, Egypt, to New York the obelisk popularly known as 'Cleopatra's Needle,' which the Khedive Ismail Pasha had presented to the United States. Gor- ringe accomplished the task with coinplete suc- cess, surmounting great engineering difficulties, and showing considerable ingenuity in the con- trivances he invented for moving the monolith. He resigned his commission soon aftei^wards in consequence of a reprimand received from the Secretaiy of the Na-y for too free criticism of naval matters, and during the remainder of his life was engaged in e.xtensive ship-building projects. GORSE. See Fueze. GORST, Sir .John Eldon (1835—). An Eng- lish legislator, bom at Preston, and educated at Cambridge. He was civil commissioner of Wai- kato. New Zealand, from 1861 to 1863. Three years later he was elected to Parliament for Cambridge, and from 1875 to 1892 he represented Chatham. He was appointed Solicitor General in 1885. and afterwards was successively Under- Secretary for India (1886-91) : Deputy Chairman of Committees. House of Commons (1888-.91) ; Financial Secretary to the Treasury (1891-92) ; rH'tor of Glasgow L'niversity (1893-94); and vice-president of the committee of the Council on Education (since 1895). He was Plenipoten- tiary of Great Britain at the Labor Conference held at Berlin in 1890, and frequently exhibited a decidedly progi'essive spirit in dealing with matters affecting labor and education. GORTCHAKOFF, g6r'cha-k6f'. A Russian family tracing its ancestry' to Vladimir the Great and Rurik. Prince Petek Gortchakoff, Governor of Smolensk, defended that town for two years ( 1609-1 1 ) against Sigismund III. of Po-
