A Dictionary of the Sunda language/S
S.
Sa, one, the numeral of unity,—especially when combined with some other word. Sa orang, one man, one person. Sa orangan, alone. Sa tangkal, one tree. Sa imah, one house. Sa manuk, one bird. Sa, appears to be of Sanscrit origin and a contraction of the word Saha, C. 721, a particle and prefix signifying union, association, with, together. Thus we have in Sunda Sa hiji for one, which see, and in Malay Sa tu or Sa watu,—with or by means of a seed,—with or by means of a stone, to indicate unity. Sa has been very extensively used in the formation of words in Sunda, as well as in other Polynesian tongues, as will be seen by reference to what follows, where it will be found at the commencement of the word, and has chiefly the meaning of: by means of,—by the intervention of,—as long as (referring to duration of time),—having in use, —wearing,—of one common origin. Sa is often used instead of Saha even in Singhalese; see Sāmāra, Clough, page 710, which is composed of Sa for Saha, with, and Māra, an enemy,—having the passions subdued. So also in the word Sama, which is used in Malay for with, along with. This word is also Singhalese and is found in Clough, page 709, meaning:—even, equal, similar, the final ma being constructive. In Sunda:—Sa dudukui, is wearing a hat; Sa jamang, wearing a jacket; Sa bědog, wearing a chopper; Sa kěběl na, as long as, whilst; Sa umur hirup, as long as you live; Sa akal na, by means of his device; Sa panjang na, at its full length; Sa chai, by means of water. Almost all the more refined people of the Archipelago have Sa in some shape to indicate One, and only the more barbarous people of the islands, on the Eastern verge of the Archipelago, have words for One which are totally different. We must, however, except the Rejangs of Sumatra, who use Do for one, but again these same people have Duy for two, and the rest of their numerals are closely allied to those of the Malays. How these people of the Archipelago came by these Sanscrit words to express One and Two is very perplexing, as though they are Sanscrit, or can be traced to an intelligible Sanscrit origin, they are not the usual words in that language for One, which is either Ek or Eka,—which is also the case in Singhalese, as well as in the Kawi and Pali of Java, which had their origin from the continent of India. We can hardly suppose that the rude people, whom the Hindus found in the Archipelago, had no idea of numbers at all, and that they readily adopted Hindu words to supply their deficiency, for these same people have the rest of their numerals complete with pure Polynesian words, and even the savages of New Holland can count up to two and three, but no further. One might almost suppose that Siji or Sa hiji and Dua were brought to the islands by the primeval settlers, who came from the continent, long before the trading and religious Hindus visited this part of the world, either for the sake of its rich natural products, or to seek a refuge from persecution at home. The word for three, which in the Lampungs is Talu, in Sunda, Batta and Bima Tolu, in Saparua Oru, and in Tahiti Atoru, is merely a compound of Ta or To, not, and Rua, parity or appearance, which is a contraction of the Sanscrit Rupa, C. 598, or Ruwa, C. 597, an image, form, figure, appearance. An instance in which a Sanscrit word has been combined with a pure Polynesian particle. Rupa-rua have given Dua, two in most of the languages of the Western parts of the Archipelago, and exists also in Latin and Greek etc. So extensive is the range of this small word.
Sa-apan, a sloping stage of split bambu erected in the river, with the down river end sticking well up, free of the water which passes between the materials. Upon this stage the fish are thrown by the strength of the current during floods, and where they are then secured.
Sa-at, dry, run dry, dried up. Walungan chai gěus sa-at, the bed of the river is dry.
Sa-atan, to run dry. To drain off the water.
Saba, to go to, to visit, to frequent. Tilok di saba, I never go near him (or it).
Saba, nearest male relative, on whom devolves the obligation of sanctioning the marriage of a woman.
Saba, occurs in the composition of proper names. As Wira Saba, the present Mojokěrto in the residency of Sourabaya, and the seat of the ancient capital Majapahit. Wira, C. 667, a hero, a warrior. Saba, C. 707, an assembly, a company; and thus an assembly of heroes.
Saban, the eighth month of the Mahometan year, called also Bulan Arawah, or Bulan Roa.
Sabandar, Persian, the shabandar, the collector of customs. Kantor Sabandar, the Custom house.
Sabar, Arabic, patient; patience, forbearance. Kudu sabar, you must have patience.
Sabaru, ten Dutch doits, also called Sa wang baru, a new wang.
Sabda, Sanscrit, command, order, mandate, decree. The word of God. To pronounce with solemnity.
Saběněrna, correctly, properly speaking. In truth, truly, justly.
Sabět, to strike with a whip or switch, to apply the whip; to flog an animal. Kěbo kudu di sabět, you must apply the whip to the buffaloe; you must flog the buffaloe. Saběulah, one side, one half, the side of, the other side. Side, quarter, direction, Saběulah ti wétan, on the East side. Saběulah ti diyo, on this side. Saběulah ti ditu, on that side. Di béré saběulah, he gave a bit or piece. Saběulah na děui, on the other side.
Saběulahken, to set aside, to separate, to put apart.
Sabil, Arabic, occurs only in the expression Prang sabil, a war between Mahomedans and disbelievers or infidels. Javanese Dictionaries give Sabil as: deadly, implacable. Prang sabil is thus: implacable war,—as with infidels who can have no mercy.
Sablak, the idiomatic expression of drawing a weapon. Drawing a weapon, as a sword, with a flourish. Pědang na sablak bai di tarik, with a flourish he drew out his sword.
Sablas, eleven. See also Sawělas, and Wělas.
Sabrang, on the other side of the river, or any water. On the opposite shore. Foreign; outlandish. Kuda sabrang, a foreign horse. Bakakas sabrang, outlandish utensils. Nyabrang, to cross the water. Sabrangan gědong, on the bank of the river opposite to the mansion. Daik ka sabrang, I want to go over the river; I wish to cross the water. In Sumbawa they talk of a Brang réa, which means the great river (Batavian Transactions, Vol. 25, page 23). Brang is thus in the language of Sumbawa: a river, and will lead to the analysis of Sabrang on Java, where it is modified to mean: crossing a river, or across a river.
Sabuk, a sash, a belt, a girdle, worn round the loins. The same as Běuběur, which see.
Sabun, Portuguese Sabao, soap.
Sabung, to fight cocks. It is more usual to say Adu kotok, literally to fight cocks. The word Panyabungan, for cockpit, or cock fighting place, is in use.
Sabut, the fibrous, hairy substance which envelops the shell of the cocoa nut. This substance, when teased out, is somewhat like oakum, and is then spun into yarns for making rope, or used for stuffing cushions etc.
Sacha, open and sincere. Satija, C. 699, true; certain; sincere; honest; speaking the truth. Chunduk ka rain, sacha ka ménak, submitting to the king, clean-breasted to the nobles.
Sachanggěum, a handful. See Changgěum.
Sada, sound, noise; the cry of an animal, a bird or an insect. Di sada, it emits a sound or cry. Sada, C. 700, sound, noise.
Sadagori, tho name of a humble plant, found about grass lands which are kept short by cattle grazing, often found near houses or villages. It has a wiry hard stem, with numerous small leaves serrated on the edges, and bears a pretty yellow flower, with five petals, terminal to the twigs. This name sounds Sanscritic, and yet for so simple a plant, it is odd to find a foreign name, where the really indigenous names of most plants are so common. Sadā, C. 700, always, at all times. Gowri, C. 185, one of the names of the goddess Parvati; a young girl, eight years old; any young girl prior to menstruation; a moid, a virgin; the wife of the deity Varuna; the earth; turmeric; a yellow dye; a plant. Some plants are so called which Clough mentions. Sada-gowri may thus imply: always yellow, or always a maid, from always flowering,—which would be a very appropriate name, though for so humble a plant is almost unaccountable, unless the panditas gave it that name from growing much about their dwellings, and as if it were seeking their protection.
Sadana, an epithet used in Jampés, as: Sri Sadana. Sādana, C. 725, from Sadha, to complete, accomplishing, effecting; wealth, instrument, agent. Sri Sadana is thus probably: your highness who accomplishes, who can give effect, who is perfection. A Jampé begins with: Allah humah Sri Sadana—Oh God thou art He, the Lord of perfection (of whatever is accomplished).
Sadang, a variety of small palm tree growing along the south coast of Bantam.
Sadangan, name of a climbing plant or liane with pretty white flowers, called at Batavia Kěrak nasi.
Sadapan, toddy tapping, the act of making jaggory sugar. The tree which is in the act of undergoing the process of tapping for the palm wine from which the jaggory sugar is made. To bogah sadapan, I have no jaggory sugar-making going on. See Nyadap.
Sadérék, a brother or sister. Derived from Sa, Saha, with, one. Daeriya, C. 291, a child, an infant; and Ek, éka, one subjoined. In the same way as Miniha, a man in Singhalese becomes with this adjunct Minihek. Thus Sa daeriyék or Sadérék, being infants together, or infants of one mother.
Sadiya, ready, prepared. The more usual word is Chawis. Word evidently Sanscrit. Clough's nearest approach to the word is Sadhita, from Sadha, to accomplish, to perfect, and ita, affinative, accomplished, finished. In our case the word Sadha has annexed to it the very common termination ya in place of ita.
Sadu, an interjection used at the commencement of some Jampés or invocations, as: Sadu! kami méré nyaho, which may be translated: with perfect submission! we bring to your notice. The same word is used in Ceylon, as an interjection to attest the admiration of the people on any solemn occasion, especially when the old relic in Kandy, called the Dalada, supposed, or given out to be, Buddha's tooth, is carried in procession. Sādhu, Clough, 725, (derived from Sadha, to accomplish, to perfect, and U affinative) a particle or interjection of assent and approval: Well done, Bravo! As an adjective it means: good, excellent, pleasing, beautiful; right, fit, proper.
Saduana, both, the pair of them. Derived from Dua, two.
Sadulur, brotherly, in the sight of a brother; on very confidential terms.
Sadur, name of a base metal, composed of silver or more especially gold mixed with copper. Pinchbeck.
Sa-ěur, to put earth upon; to fill up a hole or opening in the ground. To lay with. Jalan gědé di sa-ěur ku karé-és, the main road was laid with gravel.
Saga, name of a creeper producing a small scarlet pea with a black spot. These peas are used in weighing gold or gems. Abrus Precatorius. The Rutti of the Hindus. Saga, C. 694, swarga, paradise. Perhaps these grains, from weighing such valuable substances, were considered to be grains of paradise or swarga.
Sagala, Sanscrit. Every, all, everything. Sagala manusiya, every human being. Sagala parabot, all the tools.
Sagara, the sea, the ocean. Sagara, C. 694, the ocean.
Sagu, sago. The esculent or granulated pith of some palms. On Sumatra it is made from the Sumbiya palm, which is probably our Kirai. The Sunda people make it from both the Kirai and Kawung palms, but only for food when paddy fails them. Clough gives Sagu for sago, and calls it Portuguese in his 2 vol. voce Sago, but does not repeat the word in the Singhalese and English volume, where we, however, find Saguna, C. 694, from Saha, with, Guna, a part, twofold, double; but Guna is also: valuable, useful, and Sagu may be a contraction of Saguna, what is valuable the useful substance, which the Hindus might apply to the to them new commodity when they first visited the isles.
Sah, Arabic, proved, approved, authentic; effective, valid, admissible. A term used in adjusting matters according to Mahomedan law. Saksi na hanto sah, the witness is not admissible.
Sah, Persian, a king. The king at chess. Sabandar, the king of the trading port; the collector of customs.
Saha, who, which individual. This word would appear also to be Sanscrit. Saha, C. 721, a particle and prefix signifying union, association, with, together; also presence, present time. This word reduced to the more simple form of Sa means One, and it will be seen that it is used extensively in composition where it is the initial syllable and then mostly means: with, possessing, having, along with. Sapa and Siapa, who, in Malay, are supposed to be derived from Sinapa, to be enquired after. Saha nu daik, who will be willing. Saha nu méré, who gave it.
Sahadat, Arabic, profession of faith, confession, testimony. Sahadat Slam, the Mahomedan profession of faith.
Sahagi, name of a liane with a sweet flower. Gouania Mauritiana.
Sahěutik, a little, a trifle. Sa, see voce. Hěutik appears to be a modification of Lěutik, little. Ménta sahěutik, I ask for a little.
Sahid or Said, Arabic, a martyr. A common name for a man. Many Arabs on Java have this prefix to their names.
Sahid, a small bambu basket, much carried by women under the arm and fast to the scarf round the neck and shoulders.
Sahiji, one. Sa, one. Hiji is evidently the Malay Biji, a seed, which is the Sanscrit Bija or Bijaya, C. 474, an egg; seed of plants; semen virile; the germ of anything. From this we might expect to find Sahiji or Siji as Malay, but that is not the case, though in Malay, the name for the Sunda is Watu, Sesamum Indicum, a plant from the seeds of which an oil is made, is called Wijén, which is Wiji-an = Wijén; and Biji alone is, a seed. Hiji or Biji for seed is not used in Sunda, and it is strange how they should have adopted a word of Sanscritic origin from the Malays, who do not use it in the peculiar ordinary sense of enumeration, though Sa biji or Satu biji is current there, alluding to any small bodies or seeds.
Sai-itan, di Saiītan, to reset a trap which has got out of order; which has sprung up like a Bachang and not caught anything.
Sa-ir, a metrical composition. A poem. A tale told in verse.
Sajarah, legends, history; a chronicle. Origin.
Sajati, a word which occurs only in Jampé or incantation , but to which no clear meaning is attached. Crawfurd gives Sajati, truly, veritably. Jati, C. 209, birth, production; reunion of the soul with some other body. Kind, class. Race, family. Sa, one, with. Sajati, of a common origin.
Saji, a cover to put over cooked provisions, sweetmeats and the like, mostly called Turub saji, the saji cover. It is made of Pandan leaves, in an oval shape, or like half of a hollow globe. The Turub saji is generally painted red, and answers to our dish-cover. It is probably derived from sajja, C. 695, prepared, got ready; adorned, ornamented; or sajjita, C. 695, armed, accoutered; dressed, decorated, ornamented. And in Malay, Marsden, 157, is: to prepare or serve up (victuals). In Crawfurd: to prepare and lay out an entertainment.
Sak, Arabic, ungodly; disobedient to the orders or wil of God or of parents. Not clear, not correct and clear in what we do. Jélěma sak, an ungodly, or undutiful person.
Saka, the era of Saka, commencing 78 years after Christ, and is the one in common use in Ceylon. Clough, 723. Aji saka, is the person who is supposed to have given origin to this era, which was also introduced into Java, and is still continued as the Javanese era, in contradistinction to the Christian era. Saka is also, C. 691, his, his own, one's own, and Aji saka will thus imply: the Aji, or distinguished person; one not troubled with a mundane soul, who is of himself, as it were self existing. Vide Aji.
Saka, name of a fish in the rivers and in ponds. Barbus Armatus.
Sakali, once, a single time.
Sakali, at all; very. Forms the superlative degree. Utterly, entirely. To bogah sakali, I have none at all. Bagus sakali, very good, most good = best. En kapanggih sakali, I only once met him.
Sakalian, by the same opportunity; at the same time.
Sakali-kali, at all, by any means, ever. To nyokot sakali-kali achan, I never took any on any occasion.
Sakalikěn, to do at the same time. To make or do together—along with something else.
Sakarat, Arabic, on the point of death; at the last gasp. In the agony of death. Sakaur, inclusive of; comprehending all that. Sakaur nu kollot, ala, take all those which are old (said of fruit etc). Kirimkěn takaur nu jangkung, send all those (including all those) who are tall.
Sakawan, five nyéré of thread;—an expression used by the weavers. Sakawan in Malay: a flock, a herd, a company.
Sakawasa, as far as he is able; as far as in your power lies.
Sakéan-kéan, so much as; as much as; quantity, amount.
Sakěběl, as long as (in time). During, whilst. Sakěběl ka chai, whilst I was in the river.
Sakějěp, any very short space of time, a twinkling.
Sakělat, Persian, woollen cloth, broadcloth. Also sometimes velvet. The Persian word means scarlet or scarlet cloth, but the islanders have adopted it for any cloth. The Sunda people use mere frequently the Dutch word Laken for cloth.
Sakěuděung, a moment, a short time. Sakěuděung amat, a very short time. How quick you have been!
Sakěurěut, a piece, a slice; a bit cut off.
Sakiang Santan, the adorable Buddha divinity;—words occasionally heard in the mouths of the natives but of which they can give no intelligible account Sākya, C. 724, a name of Buddha. Hyang, divinity. Santan, C. 703, calm, tranquil; worshipped, praised, adored.
Saking, a word expressive of excessiveness, or superlativeness, without forming comparison. Saking is the word sa, one, and king, of. But sa has here rather a possessive meaning, and implies, with; as if we could convert the conjunction of into a substantive and make it: of-ness, and thus say, as in the following example: the of-ness of height. Saking ku luhur, from its excessive height. Saking ku masakat, from its excessive poverty. Saking ku hayang, from excessive desire. Saking ku gering, from excessive sickness.
Sakira-kira, about, nearly, by guess. In a manner suitable to. Approximately.
Sakit, by good luck, happily. As luck would have it. Sakit na to lěumpang, luckily I did not go. Sakit na mahi, happily there was enough. Sakit na to dalang, as good luck would have it, he did not come.
Saksěrak, to look diligently about and seek. To examine a place thoroughly. To search carefully.
Saksěrěk, said of a boat or other floating body grazing along the bottom in shallow water. Prahu téa saksěrěk bai onggěl parakan, the boat provokingly grazes along the bottom at every shoal place.
Saksi, a witness, a person who gives evidence. Sakshi, C. 724, Sa for Saha, with, Akshi, the eye, and thus eye-witnessing, what we see with our eyes.
Saksian, to refer to any for evidence. To witness, evidence itself. Testimony.
Saksikěn, to bear evidence. To attest. Sakti, supernatural power. The power possessed by the people of old before their conversion to Mahomedanism. Sakti, C. 693, strength, power, prowess.
Saku, a pocket,—probably the Dutch Zak, a pocket.
Sakuliah, the entire, the whole total. See Kuliah.
Sala, interval, space between. Any intermediate time or space. Sala mangsa, out of season; at an unseasonable time of year. Sala occurs in the composition of proper names. Salatiga has probably some reference to a time of year intermediate with the Musim katiga or third season, which is the dry season, or when the dry weather frequently occurs in intervals.
Sala, by way of exception. Sala sa orang, any one man of a multitude, one by way of exception. Sala siji, any one; it matters not whom or which. Sala, probably derived from Sa, one, by means of—la, lah, derived from Alah in Malay, overcome, conquered, beaten. This Alah is heard in the Malay Kalah, worsted, beaten, discomfited; but Alah in this sense does not now exist in the Sunda.
Salada, European, salad, lettuce, watercresses.
Salada chai, water salad, watercress;—grows in mountain streams.
Salah, wrong, faulty, erroneous. A fault, crime, offence; error, mistake, transgression.
Salahkěn, to put at fault, to ascribe fault to any one. To incriminate.
Salak, name of a bushy prickly shrub. Salakka Edulis; has a fruit covered with imbricated scales.
Salak, name of a mountain, a little to the south of Buitenzorg, about 7000 feet high. Salak is probably derived from the idiomatic word Lak, to make a noise, or cry out, and is heard in Ngělak, to yelp, in Sunda. Salak in Malay is to bark, to yelp. Thus a person getting in contact with the plant, which is so full of sharp thorns, would be apt to get wounded and cry out. May we from this meaning of yelping, barking or growling, infer that in former times the Gunung Salak was in a constant state of eruption and so merited this name. A solfatara, to this day, is still in active existense on its Western flank, but the main mass of the mountain has long be in quiescence, and from Buitenzorg it may be seen that a large breach exists on its northern side, like a break in a tea-cup, and which, at some unknown period, no doubt, was caused by a paroxysmal blow up of the mountain.
Salaka, silver. In Sunda also exists the more common word Pérak for silver, which is pure Polynesian.
Salaki, a husband. This is a strong case showing the combination of the Sanscrit Sa, which see, with a pure Polynesian word—Laki, man.
Salaksa, ten thousand, 10,000. See Laksa.
Salam, name of a forest tree, Myrtus Cymosa, or Syzygia Cymosa. Leaves and bark eaten.
Salam, Arabic, salutation, peace. The word occurs in the following Arabic expression, which natives make use of on certain formal occasions, when they meet and salute each other. The first person who speaks says: Salam aleikum, peace be unto you, on which the other replies: Aleikum salam, unto thee is peace. Salamat, Arabic, prosperity, welfare, safety. Safe, prosperous. In Sunda it also implies: attended with blessing, uninjured, by divine favour. Salamat datang, is a friendly way of welcoming the arrival of any one, and may be rendered: may a blessing be upon your arrival. So also Salamat jalan is a benediction at departure: may a blessing be upon your going away.
Salang, slings for carrying a heavy weight. A circle of matted liane or rope suspended to each end of a pole for the purpose of carrying anything.
Salapan, nine. Literally: one folded down. See Lěp = Salěpan. The fingers of the two hands representing Ten, one folded down and Nine remain. Salapan blas, 19. Salapan puluh, 90.
Salaparan, one of the names given to the island of Lombok, which is likewise called Sasak. Sala, C. 719, a house, a hall; a rock, a rocky mountain. Paran, C. 862, preeminence; final beatitude, Nirwana. Thus: the abode of bliss, or the mountain of final beatitude, after the great mountain called the Peak of Lombok. The Hindu worshippers who are the chiefs and governers of Lombok, descended from Bali, may have given their island this high sounding name, retaining the Polynesian position of the words Sala and Paran, and not making it Paransala, which the more orthodox Sanscrit form would require.
Salaput, as tall as a man; a mans height. Mostly used to express the depth of a hole. Liang na lěuwih salaput, the hole is more than a man's height. Gěus di kalian měunang salaput, I have dug it out to my own depth,—so deep that the top of my head is even with the top.
Salasa, Arabic, Tuesday.
Salasah, a trace or mark; trace of what we have done. Michěun salasah, to destroy the trace; to put on a wrong scent. To mislead.
Salasar, a large mat or Kajang, made of Changkwang leaves for temporary use.
Salat, Arabic, the singular of Salawat, a blessing, a prayer, a benediction.
Salat-istika, praying for rain. Prayers offered up in times of unusual drought, asking for rain. Words are evidently Arabic.
Salatiga, name of a place and district inland of Samarang. Sala means an interval, a short space between. Katiga is the dry season. The constructive Ka of which being elided, we have Sala-tiga, implying that the dry season keeps recurring at intervals, or with short spaces of wet between. The ground on the flanks of the mountain Merbabu is very sandy and droughty, so that, with short intervals of dry weather, the soil becomes quite parched up and dusty, the dry season or Katiga appearing thus frequently to return and disappear again.
Salaton, Delirium. Violent and mad with illness.
Salatri, a sudden and violent fit of illness, whereby the patient becomes senseless. Called at Batavia Chika, which according to Crawfurd means: the cholic; gripes.
Salawat, Arabic, prayers, the plural of Salat, a blessing, a prayer. Salawat, money given to people who assist at a burial, probably from the preceding word, and thus originally meant to designate money paid for the prayers or benediction of those who accompany a corpse to the grave.
Salawé, the number twenty five, 25. Salawé is also a word used in ancient counting of money, as applied to Pichis or Chinese cash, and is equivalent to one Dutch doit of the present time. See also Satus, Satak, Samas, Sáwu. Lawé means thread in Javanese. Thus Salawé is probably a thread or string of such pichis.
Salé, dried fruits. Plantains sliced and dried in the sun in order to preservation. Di salé, to dry by hanging up over fire, or by exposing to the rays of the sun.
Salěběr, expressive of flying or moving rapidly. Away they moved off. Salěběr bai hiběr, and away they all flew.
Saléh, Arabic, virtuous, peacably disposed, good.
Salémpat, a plant. Colocasia Vera.
Saléndro, viz Gamělan saléndro, the name given to a full and complete band of native musical instruments.
Saléséh, terminated, cleared off. Paid in full,—as a debt. A difficulty solved. Brought to a conclusion.
Salésér, moving slowly, wriggling.
Salésma, the complaint called a cold, a cold in the head. Salasima, Marsden, p. 177, an obstruction, stoppage, retention, strangury.
Saligi, a wooden dart. A stick sharpened at the end, and hurled as a spear.
Saliksikan, di saliksikan, to have the head scratched by another person to get out the lice or other filth.
Salikur, twenty one, 21. See Likur.
Salimut, a bed covering, a coverlet, quilt, or anything to cover up the body whilst asleep.
Salin, to pour from one vessel into another; to draw or rack off. To shift or change dress. To translate. The word may be derived from Lina, C. 608, hidden, concealed; from changing appearance.
Salindungkěn, to conceal, to hide any person or thing. Lina, C. 608, hidden, concealed. See Nyalindung.
Salingkuh, prevaricating. Deceiving by telling lies.
Salipi, a bag, a sack.
Salira, properly ki salira, name of a tree in great request for burning charcoal for the use of blacksmith's. Cyminosma Laurifolia.
Salisih, to differ, to vary, to disagree. Differing, disagreeing, wrangling.
Salisih and Salisihan, to make a trifling present or offering, as of rice, eggs or kuéh etc., to an evil genius who is supposed to have caused some evil or sickness. The offering is made under the idea of redeeming the soul of the sick person, which is thought to have been taken by an evil spirit. This is a remnant of Anti-mahomedan superstition. Salompét, a trumpet.
Salumpir, the coarse sort of natural bagging, growing about the head of a cocoa nut tree, at the insertion of the nuts on the tree. It is sometimes sewed up into bags to hold copper doits.
Samak, a mat. A mat made of Pandan leaves to sit upon. Ampar samak, to open out or spread out a mat. Mak appears to be an obsolete idiomatic expression for anything laid out flat. As Samak, a mat; Lamak, a rag of cloth. Papak is also perhaps derived from Pa-mak = Papak, level or even on the top.
Samanéa, used in the expression, lain samanéa, which is an expression of admiration, of astonishment, amounting to: I had no idea of it,—how good it is,—how admirable.
Samangka, a water-melon. Cucurbita Citrullus.
Samar or Semar, a character in Javanese romance. Probably from Samar, in Javanese: secret, occult, disguised. In Malay also Samar, Marsden, 159, to disguise, to assume a disguise; to spy;—perhaps from this character assuming a disguise and being a spy. A character in Sunda pantuns,— he has a pot-belly, is a kind of farce maker who always carries his point. Samar is also said to be a name for Bima.
Samar, not likely, not probable. Samar datang, it is not likely that he will come. Samar bisa bayar, it is not probable that he will be able to pay. Samar kabéh daik, it is not likely that all will be willing.
Samara, C. 709, a name of Kama, the deity of love. The Indian Cupid. Occurs sometimes in Jampé, and heard ocpasionally as Asmara. It occurs also in the compound word Kasmaran, a jampé by which love is induced. Sang Yang Samara, Bat. Trans., vol 22, page 42, another name for Kama. On the Champéa Estate occurs the river Chi-asmara, at the Western base of the Gunung Salak, which no doubt refer to the god Samara. Samāra, C. 710. Sa for Saha, with; Māra, an enemy: having the passions unsubdued.
Samarang, the second town in rank on Java, Batavia being the first, and Sourabaya the third. It is probably derived from the name of the Indian Cupid Samara, with the Polynesian Ng suffixed.
Samas, four hundred. The number 400. An ancient method of counting Chinese cash. Samas is equal to 16 Dutch doits. See Salawé, Sawé, Satus, Satak, Séwei and Mas.
Sambal, any savoury condiment to eat with rice, mostly made up with capsicum; capsicum or chillies pounded up into a paste to eat with food. This is very pungent.
Sambang, occurs only in Rad-sambang, the circuit court (of Justice). Crawfurd says Sambang, in Malay and Javanese means: patrol, a night watch, which would give the meaning of Patrol court, Circuit court. Sambang, Malay, Marsden, page 180, a patrol, a night watch.
Sambara, ingredients. What is put into anything cooking, or any compound mess which is being prepared. Perhaps a corrupted form of Saberhana, Marsden 162, whole, entire, complete; thus a little of everything, as natives are found of having great variety in all that they prepare.
Samběr, to seize, to pounce upon, as a bird of prey with its talons. Di samběr hěulang, a hawk pounced upon it (and took it away). Di samběr gělap, he was struck by lightning,—as if the lightning had pounced upon him.
Samběrilen, the diamond beetle.
Sambět, a small hand—net to catch fish, like the landing net of an angler in Europe. It is a bag of net stretched round two twigs bent in a circle.
Sambha, C. 713, a name of Indra.
Sambhawa, occurs as a name in Sambhawa Pakuan. Sambhawa, C. 713, from Sam, implying perfection or intensity, and Bhawa, being, cause, origin, birth, production. Pakuan is Pajajaran. Sambhawa Pakuan, having its origin in Pajajaran.
Sambhu, C, 713, from Sam, auspicious particle,—Bhu, to be. A name of Siwa, also of Brahma. A sage, a venerable person, a parent, a progenitor.
Sambilan, a piece of wood which passes through the buffaloe yoke, one of which descends on each side of the neck of the animal, by which it is thus yoked by a Sawad or band passing under the neck, and joining the two lower ends of the Sambilan.
Sambrani, an imaginary breed of horses; a sort of Pegasus. Supposed to be able to fly in the air. Tumpak kuda sambrani, mounted on a Pegasus.
Sambung, to join on, to splice, to piece on to something else. To unite.
Sambut, to take in hand. To perform any work, to work at. To go out to meet; to receive with all due honours. Sawah éta kudu di sambut, that sawah must be worked. Parentah éta kudu di sambut, those orders must be complied with. Di sambut ka lawang kěbon, he went out to meet him as far as the garden gate.
Sambutan, what is taken in hand; work undertaken, Sawahs which are being ploughed or worked.
Saměunang-měunang, by all possible means; by every endeavour. Do your best.
Saměunangna, as far as you can manage; whatever can be got; what is got.
Sampai, name of a rattan, resembles Sampang, and used for same purposes.
Sampaikěn, to hang up cloth or clothes on a rope, piece of bambu or the like. To put clothes across any object by way of putting them away, or hanging them out to dry. The word in Malay is Ampei, to hang out, to hang (as clothes) Marsden, page 16, without the initial S.
Sampalan, properly: pasture land, from Nyampal, to graze, any grassy land where cattle may be fed.
Sampan, a river boat, a cargo boat on a river. Properly Chinese Sam, three, Pan, planks. It may be, however, from Hambana, C. 786, a large boat, a dhoney, with Sa the Polynesian prefix, Sa-hambana, Sampan. Hamba, C. 786, haste, speed; rapidity, and may thus originally have meant: a fast boat.
Sampang, name of a thick, stiff, unbending variety of rattan much used for spear handles and walking sticks. Colour in shades of red. Sampé, is properly Malay, but still frequently heard. Sufficient, enough. Arrived. Come to.
Sampéan or Sampéyan, used as a pronoun of the second person towards a person of high rank. Your highness, your lordship. Sampéan dalěm, his highness the regent. Probably derived from Sam, C. 713, an auspicious particle—the same as used in the word Sambhu, from Sam, auspicious particle, and Bhu, to be, a name of Siwa or of Brahma, Clough 713. Piya C. 397, a father, a husband, a lord, a woman; a foot; pleasing, agreeable, beloved, with the Polynesian An suffixed. Thus it will imply: the object or person who is our auspicious father or lord. Crawfurd gives Sampeyan, a pronoun of the second person in addressing a person of high rank; literally: the feet. Sampéyan, as shown above, will also admit of the interpretation of: Your auspicious feet,—out of reverence, as it were, addressing yourself to no higher a part of a great man, than his feet.
Sampéong, a contrivance of straight sticks tied together with numerous strings, for the purpose of carrying earth or other rude matter; such a sampeong is carried on a pole between two men, and is quickly made for temporary purposes. It is also sometimes called Laha. It looks like a piece of wooden grating.
Sampěr, to call and take; to call and see. To call and put oneself in communication with. To avail of some facility already existing. Ari daik ngěgrit kudu kula di sampěr, when you go out hunting in a cart, call and take me with you. Ngadangdanan kandang nyampěr kayu hirup, in making a buffaloe shed, availed of a living tree (which stood where it could become useful as a pillar).
Samping, a body-cloth,—the Malay Sarung. The etymon of this word is probably Ping, which when duplicated to Pingping means the thigh. Sa for Saha, with, and M interposed for euphony, and will thus mean: something to put round the thighs. The Malay word Sarung admits of a Sunda solution. Sa as above, and Rung, to surround, heard in Rungkup, to surround, to encompass. The Samping or Sarung is like a wide bag with the top and bottom open.
Sampiran, a clothes-horse. A frame to hang clothes on.
Sampogkěn, to add up. To cast up an account.
Sampurna, perfect, consummate, faultless. Sampurna, C. 712, Sam, intensitive, Purnna, full, finished, whole; entire, complete, finished.
Samsam, the holy well in the Kabah at Mecca called Zamzam.
Samsir, Arabic, a sword, a scimitar. A priest's knife with which he slaughters animals after saying the Mahomedan form of prayer.
Samsu, Arabic, the sun. Occurs in this shape in the Pancha limas.
Samsudin, a man's name often occurring. The sun of the faith. Shems, Arabic, the sun, Udin, of the faith (of Mahomet).
Samudra, the sea, the ocean. Not in ordinary use, but occurs in the formation of proper names, or in reference to the sea in Pantuns. Samudra, C. 711, the sea, the ocean. This word is often converted into Gamudra, which see. Sana, this word has no separate meaning or use in the language, but is found frequently in the composition of proper names of places, occurring at the end of the word. It ought to be properly Asana, from Asanaya, C. 66, a seat. Singasana, proper name of a place. Singasana or, as it is written, Sinhāsana, C. 730, derived from Sinha, a lion, and Asana a seat: a throne being supported by lions.
Sanak, relative, kindred, a blood relation. Sa and Anak, child, of one descent. To sanak, to baraya, I have neither relation or kindred.
Sanapan, a fire lock; a sporting gun. Dutch Snaphaan, a fire lock.
Sanblah, Arabic, the zodiacal sign Virgo.
Sancha, the Boa constrictor. See under Orai.
Sandi, a joint, a joining, an articulation in the body. Sandiya, and Sandhi, C. 704, joint, union, junction.
Sandi-kala, the joints of time; a fit time; certain periods of the day, which are not properly ascertained, but in general terns are sun-rise, sun-set, noon. Sandhi, C. 704, joint, and Kala, C. 120, time.
Sanding, against, close to. See Nyanding.
Sandingkěn, to set against. To place in contact with.
Sandungan, tripped, stumbled against.
Saněg, pain, cramp, spasm.
Sang, an honorific prefix. A word prefixed to the names of Hindu gods, or persons appertaining to old Hindu times. May be translated: the mystic. Sang Yang or Séngyang, see voce. Sangna 9 C. 695. Sam, with, intensitive, and Gna, to know; name, appellation, thought, mind, intellect. Thus a prefix implying: perfect knowledge.
Sangaji, a king, a monarch; hardly ever heard and will only apply to monarchs of old. See Sang and Aji.
Sang'ar, lost its virulence. Dispossessed of the qualities of Wangsit, or supernatural power to do harm.
Sang'at, extremely, excessively, in a high degree. Very pernicious, very poisonous. Di gégél orai sang'at amat, laju paih, he was bit by a snake which was very venomous, for he immediately died. Sang'at amat sihěun na, he was excessively afraid.
Sang'ěrah, to bleed, as an animal, a horse, a buffaloe or the like. To cut with the intention of letting blood. Sangrar in Portuguese: to bleed.
Sang'ěrai, to fry, to dress food in a frying pan.
Sangga, as di sangga, to catch anything in the act of falling, with the hands held up for that purpose.
Sangga, to bear up, to support; to protect.
Sangga, in some parts of the country five, and in others, as at Jasinga, ten bundles of paddy. Sangha, C. 688, multitude, number, collection; the Buddhist priesthood; a convocation of priests, five of whom constitute a Sangha.
Sangga-buwana, name of a mountain in the south part of Jasinga, meaning: the support of the universe. Sangga-buwana, said of a horse with for feet white downwards from the knee joint.
Sangga-dulang, said of buffaloe horns which stand upright on the head, but have the tips bent inwards.
Sanggal, a variets of Supa or fungus.
Sanggan, having the horns held back over the shoulders, as buffaloes do when frightened. Buffaloe horns which naturally fail backwards.
Sanggap, to catch anything which is thrown at one.
Sanggapan, a place to tap off water, or to let it into the sawahs etc. Ap, in Clough's Sing. Dict., 84, water. Apa in Sanscrit, ab in Persian, are both: water.
Sanggar, a small domestic chapel or place of worship attached to the dwelling house in Bali. Friederich, Bat. Trans., vol. 22. Hence probably the Sunda Langgar, which see.
Sanggaringan, name of a riverfish in some parts of the country. Called at Jasinga Kěbo-grang.
Sanggul, to tie up the hair in nice even order. To dress the hair of people of rank. To dress the hair of people of low degree, is Gělung, which see. The hair dressed in a knot and tied on the top of the head. The term applies to the hair of people of good birth, so tied up.
Sanggul, to coil up a rope. To collect a rope in short lengths.
Sanggup, to undertake to do anything. To feel competent. To have assurance. To Sanggup, I dare not undertake it.
Sanggupan, to engage to do. To promise some reward. Di sanggupan buruh kěbo siji, he promised him the reward of one buffaloe.
Sangkala, date, period; number. Era, epoch. Sang, a honorific prefix. Kala C. Ill, time. Occurs in conjunction with chandra, C. 194, the moon. Chandra Sangkala is properly a Javanese expression but applies generally to Java. In the Javanese Dictionary of Roorda van Eysinga, the following account is given of its acceptation: computations by the moon, the light of princely dates. Under this name there exists a Javanese work which contains a register of words, the purport of which is that you can select such as both express the dates, and record the fact to which they are made to allude. A chronogramma. For example: Sirna = O, Hilang = O, Kertaning = 4, Bumi = 1. These are read backwards, for the date „disappeared, lost is the peace of the land." This refers to the destruction of Majapahit in Anno Javae 1400.—
Sangké, to take on the fore part of the arms, below the elbow, in order to carry easily.
Sankěp, competent, having in your power to do. Sufficient for any purpose. Swaggering.
Sangkěul, to die thread black, by the use of Katia, which is a bark, not found in the Sunda jungles, but probably imported from China.
Sangkilat, a piece of rope tied in a circle and twisted about the ankles so as to hold them firmly together when climbing a small stemmed tree, such as the Pinang-palm, which has no branches to hold on by. This word is perhaps a corruption of Sangkhalika, C. 688, a fetter, a chain for the legs and feet. Sangku, a square dish with a cover, such as a European dish for potatoes or greens.
Sangku, the name of the tall, cylindrical metal pot in which vermicelli or Laksa is prepared. The pot is high and pierced with numerous small round holes at the bottom. Into this pot is put a mixture of fine rice flour mixed with water till it becomes a soft dough. A piece of cylindrical wood fits tightly into the pot, and is pressed down by a lever of wood laid horizontally on it, and this forces the dough through the holes at the bottom of the pot, which runs out in long strings like vermicelli and is collected in water beneath. This rice dough is then called Laksa, and is used in semi-heathen superstitious observances, either preparatory to commencing to plough the land again of sawahs, or appeasing the fury of tigers etc. The Badui people of South Bantam have also the sangku-pot in much requisition for preparing the Laksa which is used at their superstitious festivals. On communicating with Mr. Friederich regarding this word, he writes me:—Sangku in Sanscrit means—the trunk of a lopped tree; the skate fish; a javelin; a pin; a stake, a pale; a name of Siwa, the penis; a member; the small fibres of a leaf; sin; a goblin, a demon; a sort of perfume, commonly Nadhi; a goose; an ant-hill; a Gandarbha attached to Siva; the gnomon of a dial, usually twelve fingers long; fear, terror. It is written with the palatal s (ç). Sangkutaru in the Sal tree (Shorea Robusta). Sangku wriksha—idem; Sangkura, formidable, fearful, frightful."— There is also a Chi Sangku, or Sangku river, for back among the mountains on the Bolang Estate, falling into the Chi Chirian.
Sangkut, to catch, to be detained or arrested, as a rope against any impediment. Entangled, impeded, stuck fast. Any unexpected detention.
Sangkutan, obstacle, obstruction, hinderance.
Sangsangkěn, to hang upon; to hang up. To hang up by throwing over a stick or rope, as clothes are hung up.
Sangsara, poor, needy, indigent; in misery and want. In trouble or affliction. This word sounds Sanscritic and on referring to Clough, 690, Sansara is a highway, a principal road; going, proceeding. Sansūra, C. 690, derived from Sam, together, and Sara, to go; mundane existence; transmigration, renewed or continued existence. Metempsychosis.—This may have applied to the Buddhist priests who must go about and beg their food from door to door, and from that circumstance the Javanese may have applied the word to mean: indigent, poor, needy.
Sangsat, all nonsense, humbug, not to be believed. Ridiculous, deceptive.
Sangsayakěn, to slope off. To cut with a slope. To cut diagonally.
Sangsěurikěn, to laugh at. See Sěuri. Di sangsěurikěn batur, my neighbours laughed at me.
Sang'u, boiled rice,—a refined expression.
Sang'wedi, a stirrup for riding. The stirrup of a saddle. The word is probably Javanese, derived from Sangga, to bear up, to support; wědi, fear: a support in fear.
Sangyang, a god, a deity. A supernatural person. Sang, honorific prefix; Hyang, divinity, godhead. See Séngyang. Sanin ěn, name of a tree, Castanea Argentea. The fruit is eaten, being a kind of chesnut. The shell of the fruit is covered with sharp prickles like needles.
Sanjaya, occurs as a title or designation in some Jampés. San, C. 687, in composition: with, together, being the optional form of writing Sam before a consonant. Jaya, C. 206, victory, triumph. Convictorious, appears to be a forcible way of expressing triumph. Hariang Sanjaya, divine convictorious Krishna.
Santak, the time drawing nigh. To be overtaken with the time of anything.
Santana, petty nobles, noblesse. Thus the collateral branches of chiefs. Santāna, C. 703, from Sam, before; Tana, to spread, family, race, lineage; offspring, progeny.
Santausa, easy, tranquil. Free from pain or trouble. Rest, peace, repose. Santosha, C. 703, from Sam, with, and Tusha, to be pleased; joy, pleasure, delight, happiness.
Santěn, name of a variety of turmeric called Konéng santěn.
Santěr, violent, forcible, impetuous. Said of disease or of running.
Santolo, a rope made of twisted buffaloe hide, and used where it is an object to have strength, or that the rope should last long.
Santri, a young man studying the Mahomedan religion. A disciple, a scholar. Any man who strictly adheres to the Mahomedan precepts, a devout man. Santri probably originally was a person who adhered to the Hindu religion, and was transferred to a devout man, when the natives became Mahomedans. San, C. 704, is the intensitive prefix Sam; Trayi, C. 248, the three principal Vedas of the Hindus: Santrayi, = Santri, a person who studies these three Vedas.
Sanyana, assuredly, in truth. To speak the truth. Sa, see above; Gnana, C. 215, wisdom, understanding, knowledge. Sanyana ma to bogah, to speak the truth I have not got any. Sanyana sia to méré, assuredly you did not give it.
Sa-orang, one person, an individual.
Sapa, to imprecate, to invoke some evil. To call a curse upon. Sia di sapa ku aing, I will call a curse upon you. Sapa, C. 705, to revile, to curse; an oath, an imprecation. sāpa, C. 726, oath, affirmation by oath or ordeal. Curse, imprecation, malediction.
Sapangéjo-an, as long as a pot of rice is boiling.
Sapanjang, as long as; the whole length of. All along. Sapanjang chai, the whole length of the river.
Sapanyěupahan, as long as a man is eating a quid of Sěurěuh.
Sapar, Arabic, the second month of the Mahomedan year.
Saparo, a half. A part, a portion.
Sapasang, a pair, a couple.
Sapat, cut through, separated. Got through with a job of work. Composed of Sa, by means of; Pat, cut off evenly, or cut through.
Sapatala, the seven infernal regions of the Hindus. See Patala. This word is Patala with the prefix Sap, an abbreviation of Sapta, C. 706, seven, an ought thus to be properly written Sap-patala. Sapatu, Portuguese, çapato, a shoe. Sapato panjang, a boot, called also Stiwĕl or Istiwĕl. (Dutch, Stevel).
Sapĕrapat, a fourth part, a quarter.
Sapĕrji, asparagus, found in gardens of Europeans. Dutch Aspersie.
Sapĕupĕuting, the whole night through.
Sapi, a cow, a bull. The cow kind; Bos taurus. Nyo-o sapi, to keep cows. See Cho-o.
Sapih, to part, to separate, as combatants or people holding a dispute. Neither gaining nor losing; quits; an even contest.
Sapinuh na, to its full; as much as it can contain.
Sapirah, how much, what. Sapirah umur jélĕma, how much (how little) is the life of man; what is man's life. Sapirah na jalan ka lumbur, of what extent is the road to the village! meaning how little it is. Piro, Javanese, how much?
Sapréti, like to, as, in a manner, according as. Sapreti nu bogah kuda, mumul nyuku, like people who have horses, they are unwilling to go on foot. Hayang sapréti batur, I wish to have it (or be treated as) after the manner of other people.
Saptu, Arabic, Saturday; name of the seventh day of the week, or the Sabbath of the Jews.
Sapu, to sweep, to wipe, to brush; to smear or lay on any liquid, as paint, tar or the like. To scourge, to punish by flogging and scarifying the back. To make a clean sweep. To destroy or take every thing away. A broom; a brush for laying on paint whitewash or the like. Buruan kudu di sapu, the space in front of the house must be swept. Sapu apu, to whitewash. Sapu chat, to paint. Sapu nyéré, a broom made of the mid ribs of the cocoa nut leaf. 'Hukum na di sapu his punishment was to have his back scarified (with rods). Nagara éta di sapu rampog, banditti have made a clean sweep in that country.
Sapuk, of one accord, agreed upon, with common consent. Kudu sapuk jĕun batur, we must do it with common consent of our neighbours.
Sapuluh, ten, or one gathering up. See Puluh.
Saputangan, a handkerchief worn about the person, but not on the head. The word is Malay and is literally Sapu, wipe, Tangan, the hand. It is nevertheless in universal use in Sunda. See Chĕréchét and Tĕlĕkung.
Sapuwas, to heart's content. To satiety, to repletion.
Saradat, slipped on the ground, said when the legs glide from under a man when the ground is slippery. Sara, C. 714/15, going, proceeding; Dat, C. 255, teeth: a going on the teeth.
Sarah, drift wood in a river which has got jammed fast, so as to impede the passage.
Sarahkĕn, to yield, to deliver up; surrender, resign.
Sarai, a variety of palm tree growing wild in the forest. The Upih of this palm is used for making the outside fold of Kĕpéks or native traveling baskets, as it is proof to rain and wet. Caryota Furfuracea.
Sarakah, causing trouble and constant annoyance by having to look after. Sarakah tĕuyn bogah ĕmbé, sok nyatuan papĕlakan batur, it is very annoying to have goats, they are constantly eating what the neighbours plant.
Sarakal, standing up in prayer. Getting upon the legs and holding out the arms to heaven in prayer.
Sarakit, a pair, a yoke of buffaloes or other cattle used for draught.
Saralak, the cross slips in a bambu gĕdėg, or in wattled bambu work, by which the whole is matted together.
Sarang, soon used up, soon expended, as the oil of a lamp.
Sarang, the cross laths of split bambu which are tied upon and hold together the Darurung of a native house, and on which rest the Palupuhs. See Darurung.
Sarang, di sarang, to hang up the rice block or its stampers, or even a flag, Umbul, in order to get dry weather. A superstitious practice.
Sarang'éngé, the sun. The more usual word is Mata-poi.
Sarangka, a scabbard, a sheath, a case for any weapon. The sheath of a gobang or sword etc. Rangka, in Malay, a scabbard, a sheath.
Saranta, in difficulties, hard-pressed; jammed in a dilemna.
Sarat, loaded, full-laden. Deep in the water as a ship or boat, from having a heavy load.
Sarat, a person who assists the priest as assessor or witness at marriages. See Girang Sĕrat, which may be this Sarat or the Girang's assessor.
Saratus, a hundred; the number 100. See Ratus.
Sarauja, deep places in the sea. Saroja, C. 716, from Saras, a pond, ja, produced. The lotus; a fish. So that it appears that the Sunda people do not attach a literal meaning to the Saranya. The word occurs only in Pantuns.
Saré, to sleep, to take repose by lying down. Slumber. A refined expression.
Saréan, a sergeant. Opas saréan, the sergeant opas, the head opas or police puisne. The Dutch Serjant, pronounced Sergeant. The Opas saréan always remains about the great man's office, and hence the natives fancy that he is the opas who is at liberty to sleep! MARSDEN, page 191, gives Surian for sergeant.
Saréat, whatever becomes manifest. The visible effect, the result, the upshot. Saréat na tĕulĕui goréng, the manifestation was bad; the result was unfortunate.
Sarébu, one thousand. See Séwu.
Sarémé, one grain of boiled rice. Kéjo sarémé ogé to di béré, he did not give us even one grain of boiled rice.
Saréndét , MARSDEN calls it Persian,— a pretty little parroquet , about the size of a common house sparrow. Its beak is red, as well as the tail near its root. On its breast it has a yellow patch. All the rest of the body is green, except under the wings, where the feathers are blue. These Saréndéts are often kept in circular cages , which turn on pivots like a water wheel, and the bird by climbing along the bars keeps the cage revolving. Psittacus Galgulus.
Sarénkol, a small tubed bambu, resembling the Tamiang. It is crooked at every joint, diverging at some angle from the preceding one. Sarénkĕn, to surrender, to give up, to hand over.
Sarĕung'i, a variety of wild taluĕs or arum.
Sari, taste, flavour, sensation. State of feeling. Buah éta sari na ngĕunah, the taste of that fruit is delicious. To ngĕunah sari na, it does not feel pleasant,— having an unpleasant sensation.
Sāri, a word often occurring in the composition of proper names, and is fancied by the natives to convey the idea of flower, beauty, ornament, young woman. Thus at the courts of the native princes, you sometimes hear of the Pagĕr Sari, which means: the fence of flowers, by which is implied the collection of handsome young woman, who surround the person of the Sovereign. CLOUGH does not give Sari in this sense, and yet the word is evidently of Sanscrit origin; he, however, gives — Sari, fit, proper, right, C. 716, and Sarit, C. 716, a woman, a wife, derived from Sra, to go, and iti affinitive. So also in the residency of Pasuruan there is a place called Singasari, an old seat of former government, the ruins of whose temples still remain.
Sari-awan, name of a disease. In a mild degree, it is a sort of sprew, or breaking out of the lining of the mouth in small ulcers; in a bad stage, it attacks the nose, and rots it off.
Sarib, fixed limit in justice or equity.
Sarikat, fortune or fault in common. To have fault from associating with bad people or robbers. Accomplice. Derived from the Arabic Sherikat a partner in trade. Sarik, Arabic, a partner in trade, an associate.
Saring, to strain or squeeze through something; to filter; to pass through a fine sieve.
Saring'an, a filter, a dripstone.
Sarip, Arabic, Sarif, noble, a noble. A sheriff. A descendant of the prophet Mohammed.
Sarisit, a small horse fly which stings smartly, but not so severely as the Pitĕuk.
Sarolét, name of a river fish, with slim, slender body, without scales and very slippery.
Saroyo, a pent-house; a to-fall; a verandah.
Saru, nearly alike, strongly resembling. Easily mistaken.
Sarua or Saruwa, alike, of the same appearance; identical, resembling. Evidently a corruption of Sarupa, C. 716, like, resembling, from Sa for Samana , like, and Rupa, form. In Malay the word is Sarupa, resembling.
Sarudum, the whole body wrapped up in the Sarung or Samping. Cowered down on the hams, and the Samping drawn up over the shoulders, so as to cover the whole body, as the natives do when they are cold.
Sarung, a case, a covering, a sheath, and is properly Malay, but occurs as the name of several objects which are of European use or manufacture. Sarung anggĕl, a pillow case. Sarung tang'an, a glove. Sarung bangku, the covering of a sofa.
Saruni, a musical wind instrument; a sort of pipe.
Saruni, name of a small garden plant, with pink, white or yellow flower.
Sasab, wandering from the right road; lost your way. Bewildered about the way. Sasagon, a sort of Kuéh which is dry and hard, made of rice flour mixed with some ingredients and baked.
Sasah, a smallish forest tree, with red drupa fruit. The bark of this tree is used as a mordant for fixing red or Changkudu dye, on cotton cloth, and for tanning twine for nets.
Sasak, a timber and bambu bridge. A raft of bambus for the purpose of crossing a river. A causeway constructed of bambus.
Sasak, one of the names of the island of Lombok, which is also called Salaparan. Sasak, C. 721, sandalwood. Probably the island may, in Hindu times, have produced much sandalwood, though now none exists, having possibly been cut down. The adjoining Sumbawa and Sandalwood Island, and Timor still produce this precious wood.
Sasakala, ancient marks , vestiges. Sasakala alam Buda, vestiges of Buddhist times. Sakala, C. 691, a part, a half, a portion. Sasakala, a part, a remnant.
Sasalad, a disease amongst buffaloes, which soon kills them; Sasalad kĕbo, this disease among buffaloes. It also means the great slaughtering of buffaloes on festive occasions.
Sasalakan, a variety of sea-urchin, called also Karang Sua, Cidaris, Covered with long spines; see Salak.
Sasalaman, making the compliments of the Salam, which see. The mutual touching of the hands, which are then brought to the owners forehead, as the natives do when they salute each other.
Sasampayan, a clothes horse. A frame to hang clothes on.
Sasanari, a Bantam expression, the same as Sasari, of every day occurrence.
Sasap, to cut of short by the ground. To pare the ground. To lay bare the earth by removing all vegetable matter.
Sasapa-an, may evil overtake me. May I (or you) be cursed. A word formed from Sapa which see. Jélĕma na kapikir, tĕulĕui sasapa-an, the man on reflection, forth with invokes a curse (in case he should do so again). This word is used when a man makes up his mind or promises never to repeat some action.
Sasapan, the same as Sasap, which see.
Sasapu, a piece of cloth to wipe with. A dish-clout, a duster.
Sasar, and Sasaran, to grope in the dark; to feel for.
Sasarandéan, leaning back. With the back reclining against some object. See Nyarandé.
Sasarap, a cloth, mat or other object spread out to sit on, or to place dishes or other materials upon. A table cloth; a bedsheet.
Sasaréan, laid down for rest. Gone to bed. See Saré.
Sasari, every day, daily; usually. Paranti sasari, what is every day usual. Sasari téa kumaha, that which you do every day, how is that?
Sasaungan, a temporary shed. Anything set up for temporary shelter; a mat stretched on four sticks; branches of trees stuck into the ground, or the like.
Sasĕgrok, to grunt as a pig. Saséngkédan, a diagonal piece of wood in carpentry. A prop set diagonally in a post to support a horizontal beam. See Sengkéd.
Sasuganan, to try your luck. Per adventure. Nothing like trying.
Sat, Arabic, essence, substance; person, sect, caste. Zat, MARSDEN 140.
Satak, two hundred; the number 200. Satak in ancient method of counting Chinese cash, is equal to eight Dutch doits of the present time, or as the Sunda people call that amount Sa-wang. At the present time these Chinese cash are still in use on Bali and Lombok, and Satak there now-a-days means a string of 200 Pichis, which is of the value of one guilder copper money. Singapore Journal, 1851, vol. 5, page 460. At pages 86/87 of the work „Het eiland Bali en de Balinezen, door den Hoogleeraar LAUTS—1848“ we learn that the traders on Bali speak of Atak, Bungkus, and Pĕku to designate different quantities of Chinese pichis or cash. These cash and Spanish Dollars are the only kinds of money met with on Bali. The cash are still imported from China and yield a good profit to the trader. 200 pichis are considered as having the value of one guilder silver. The Spanish dollar varies in value from 600 to 700 pichis. 200 pichis are strung together on a rope and are called Sa-atak; five such ropes, with their ends tied together, and thus containing 1000 pichis, form Sa-bungkus, or one bundle. Fifty ataks or 10,000 pichis put up in a bag make Sa-pĕku. Thus Sa-atak is equal to one guilder silver, Sa-bungkus to five guilders, and Sa-pĕku to fifty guilders silver. Considerable discrepancy thus exists between the values attributed on the present Bali, and in ancient Sunda to these designations. The ancient Sunda satak being said to amount to only eight Dutch doits, whereas the present Satak on Bali has the value of one guilder silver, and thus at least 120 Dutch doits. Perhaps the rude Sunda people in early times, before they got the Chinese pichis, counted with small stones or pebbles, which Mas also implies (see Mas in voce), as some rude Indians count with cowry shells. The Chinese metal cash , base as it is , may thus have been an innovation, in the course of the progress of trade, in which we know that the Chinese largely participated. That the people of the Archipelago formerly counted with stones may almost be inferred from One in Malay being expressed by Satu or Sa-watu, one stone, and in Sunda by Sahiji or Siji, one seed.
Saténg, one half, appears to be the short for Sa-téngah. Sa-wang saténg, a wang and one half = 12 doits.
Saténg'ah, half, one half. Gĕus saténgah béak, it is half done.
Satia, is the burning of a wife on Bali, who, from a stage constructed for the purpose, throws herself into the fire where her husband's body is being burnt, after she has krissed herself. Satia is truth, faithfulness; the wife who dies in this way, is called Satia Wati, true and faithful , who has responded to all her duty towards her husband. FRIEDERICH, Bat. Trans., vol. 23, page 10. This is probably the same word which has become in Sunda Sacha, which see, and is derived from Satya, C. 699, truth, direct truth perceived without human speculation. The doctrines of Buddha. True, certain, sincere, honest, speaking the truth. Wati, C. 618, a woman of property; a female possessing great wealth; hence: Satia Wati, a faithful dame.
Satoa, an animal, a beast of the forest. Satoa darat, a land animal; a reproachful name for a man. Satwa, C 700, an animal, a being.
Satriya, in ancient times the royal caste, to which the kings belonged. Kshatriya, C. 155, a man or woman of the royal or military race.
Satru, an enemy, a foe, an adversary (as between man and man). Satru Allah, the enemy of God, an irreligious person. Saturā, C. 699, an adversary, an opponent, an enemy.
Satus, a hundred; the number 100. More usually called Sa-ratus. The word may be compounded of Sa, one; Tus, the short for tutus, a slip of bambu string; as even to this day a native, when counting, will take a slip of bambu string, and for every ten make a break in it, and ten such breaks being an even hundred, may have been called Satus or Sa tutus, a string (as above described).
Satus, in ancient method of counting Chinese cash, is equal to four Dutch doits of present time. See Satak.
Sauhĕn, a variety of rough wild grass, of which the stems are eaten, being succulent. Panicum Palmaefolium.
Sauk, a piece of matting or bagging made of coarse materials, in which are put the materials, to be subjected to pressure in the Kampahan, or native oil press. The oil runs out of the coarse bagging when the pressure is applied.
Sa-umur, in a life time. Sa-umur hirup, as long as your live. Sa-umur kakarak kapanggih, in all my life, I now first meet it.
Saung, a shed, a small temporary building, such as put up in a sawah or garden.
Saung-ringgĕung, a variety of Pandan which totters on its stems. Literally the tottering shed. Freyeinetia Graminea.
Sa-upama, suppose, in the case that, peradventure. See Upama.
Saur, speech, hold conversation, say, calling. Di saur, you are called. To be called up. You are summoned.
Saur, to eat before the sun rises in the Puasa or fasting month.
Saw or Sawu, name of a tree. Mimusops Bojeri, of family Sapoteae.
Sawad, the strip of wicker work made of rattan which passes under the neck of a buffaloe when yoked for work. The neck-belt.
Sawadi, in case, for fear; to prevent accidents, or misunderstandings etc. Sawadi na kudu pĕupĕuli, to prevent misunderstandings, you must tell of it. Sawadi na datang, gĕus sadiya, in case he comes I am ready.
Sawah, irrigated rice lands, laid out in terraces so as to be able to distribute the water evenly over the ground. Sa, with, by means of; Bah, MARSDEN 57, a flood, an inundation. The Bah being by a very common process converted into Wah in composition. The word Wah is heard in Sunda in the word Wahangan, the bed of a river, any large water way or ravine. Sawah, means thus literally, by means of inundation.
Sawajar, usual, according to custom. Lain sawajar, not as usual, out of the common. This is a favourite expression of admiration. Sawajar bai, really, truly; according to usual habit. Bala sawajar, that is monstrous; I w'ont put up with it.
Sawal, the tenth Mohamedan month. During the first few days of this month devout Mohamedans also continue the fast of Ramalan, thereby hoping to make up for their shortcomings in the previous Puasa month.
Sawala, the sea slug or tripang of commerce, when alive in the sea. When dried for market, it is called Tripang. Holothurion.
Sawan, fits, convulsions. A fit of apoplexy. In a trance; apparently dead. Sawa. C. 720, a dead body, a corpse. Sawa-an = Sawan, become like a corpse.
Sa-wang, eight Dutch doits. See Sabaru.
Sawang'an, said of the relative position of two hillsides facing each other, with a stream running between them. Sa-wahangan = Sawangan, of one common ravine. See [wikt:sahangan|Wahangan]].
Sawangkung, a variety of wild palm tree, growing in old forests in mountainous situations.
Sawar-sawir, here and there a little. Not in abundance in any one place. Picked up in small lots.
Sawaré, a portion, a part, a lot Sawaré na to datang, a lot of them did not come. Kadiyo sawaré, come here a lot of you.
Sawé, fifty, the number 50. In ancient method of counting Chinese cash, Sawé is equal to two Dutch doits. See Salawé, Satus, Satak, Samas and also Sékat.
Sawéla-chala, a character in old Javanese history, who appears to have flourished in the beginning of the seventh century. He came with colonists from the continent of India, and founded the empire of Mĕndang Kamulan. The derivation of this name must evidently be sought in Sanscrit, and is the subject of much uncertainty. Saw, C. 720, the Elu form of Sarwa, all, also a scholar, from Srawaka, C. 779, from Srae, to hear religious discourses, and Ka affinitive. A pupilor follower of Buddha, a Buddhist. Wéla, C. 699, land sown with grain; a field, a farm. Wél C. 669, the sea shore, the beach, a field, cultivated land. Achalā, C. 804, the earth. Thus Saw-wéla-achala = Sawél-achala, Buddhist fields or country, or a country where the Buddhist were occupying themselves with cultivation, or had settled. In some accounts, the father of Sawéla-Chala is named Balia-Achar; and previous to the establishment of Mĕndang Kamulan, Sawéla-Chala himself is usually known by the name of Awap, RAFFLES, vol. 2, pages 82—84. This father of Sawéla-Chala was Balia-Achar. Bali and Baliya, C. 463/4, propitiatory offerings, religious gifts, or sacrifice, the whole system of sideral worship, or the adoration of the heavenly bodies as practised in Ceylon. Achayariya, C. 61, a teacher, a preceptor. As Buddhist priests may not marry or have children, probably this Bali-Achar was only a father in spiritual sense. If the above ideas are correct, the country must have been called Saw-wél-achala , and the name have then been transferred to the leader who conducted the immigration.
Sawén, an arch of twigs or branches, or mostly a piece of rope stretched overhead, across the path-way to a humah, to which are hung sundry small articles. Such a Sawén is made, at the time of the paddy coming into ear, from a superstitious idea that it will keep away evil genii, who might otherwise come and destroy or take away the crop.
Sawér, a shower; rain driving sideways into a building. Rain or water drifted like spray sideways by the wind. A shower of money, especially copper doits, thrown out amongst a crowd to be scrambled for.
Sawidak, the number sixty, 60.
Sawindu, a cycle of years. See Windu.
|Sayaga, a weed in the mountain humahs, called also Tésbong, and Emboh.
Sayang, a nest, a bird's nest. The edible bird's nest (par excellence), distinguished more clearly by the name of Sayang kapindis, the name of the bird which builds the nests. Sayang odéng, a bee's nest.
Sayang'an, having a nest.
Sayĕr, a sort of sieve used for taking fish in muddy water, or at the time of floods.
Sayid, Arabic, the title of the descendants or supposed descendants of Mohammed.
Sayur, and Sayuran, greens, vegetables. Properly Malay, but nevertheless passes current. Kĕbon sayuran, a vegetable garden. Vide Lalab.
Séah, the shrill sound of water running over a rocky or sloping bed , or tumbling at a waterfall. Séah chai na kadéng'i ha jauh, the sound of the water was heard at a distance.
Séba, complementary presents; contributions made to a great man, consisting for the most part of eatables in some shape or other. Anything presented by the common people to their chiefs. Perhaps the open audience hall, which stands before every chief's dwelling, and where the people come with their presents, is called Paséban after these presents.
Sĕbab, Arabic, because, by reason of; cause, reason, motive.
Sĕbat, to strike with a whip, to whip, to switch.
Sĕbrét, to be stealthily taken away. To be cunningly made away with.
Sĕbul, said of tobacco which has a bad flavour. Bako sĕbul, tasteless, ill-flavoured tobacco, either for smoking or chewing.
Sĕbut, to mention, to name, to tell, to denominate. To be called. To consider, to look upon. Sĕbut ngaran na, mention his name. Pĕrkara éta hanto di sĕbut, that circumstance (or matter) was not mentioned. lyo di sĕbut goréng ku aing, this I consider as bad. Sĕbut hadé ma lain, this cannot be considered as good. Séchan, sapanwood, Caesalpinia Sappan. The tree grows fast, and being covered with very sharp prickles, makes good fences. The word of the roots is used as a dye.
Sĕd, the idiomatic expression of collapsing, of falling together; shrinking into a smaller compass. To kanyahoan sĕd na, we were not aware when it collapsed.
Séda, a name used to denote a royal person after death, and as such put before the place where he died, as: died at — Sidha, C. 782/3 to effect, to accomplish. A divine personage of undefined attributes and character, a sort of demigod. Sidhi, fulfilment, accomplishment, the entire completion of any undertaking, or attainment of any object; final emancipation from existence; Nirwana or annihilation. Sédho in Javanese is, deceased. It is thus: having obtained fulfilment at —.
Sĕdang, whilst, at the same time that, seeing that. Sĕdang aing tachan daik mĕunang, whilst I have not yet got any. Sĕdang to di béré, at the same time that none is given.
Sĕdang, middling, of middle quality. Fitting, suitable.
Sĕdĕk and Sĕdĕkkĕn, to hurry on. To keep working smartly till done. To drive before you. To chase close upon the heels. Unchal di sĕdĕkkĕn ka chai, the deer was driven into the water. Hayo sĕdĕk gérrah anggus, heigh ho, hurry on and get done. Kasĕdĕk, being pinched for time; jammed in difficulties.
Sĕdĕkah, Arabic, Sadakat, MARSDEN 201, alms, voluntary acts of charity. Anything given of free will. An offering.
Sĕdĕkah Bumi, the festival of the earth. A great festival made previous to beginning to plant paddy; entreating the Almighty for success to their agricultural occupations. This festival must be held in the open air or under trees, and the offal and bones, but especially the head of the slaughtered buffaloe, are buried on the spot. Evidently a remnant of old Hinduism, only made acceptable by joining it with an Arabic word.
Sĕdĕkahan, to observe the Mohammedan festivals for the dead, on the 3rd, 7th, and 40th day after death. To make a religious festival on any occasion.
Sĕdĕp, pleasing, pleasant, agreeable to the senses; gratified, delighted.
Sĕdét, anything which causes unpleasant sensations. Anxiety of mind. Sĕdét bai ka na ang'ĕn, my heart jumped, my heart became anxious.
Sĕdiah, ready, prepared, arranged, in order. Ari gĕus sĕdiah pĕupĕulihkĕn, when it is ready, tell me. Vide Sadiya.
Sĕdu, to steep, or infuse in warm water.
Sĕdut, a fart which is heard, which makes a report.
Sé-él, a variety of rattan, much used for splitting up, and used as lashings in house building, etc.
Sé-éng, a copper cooking pot for rice. These copper pots are tall and cylindrical, a little narrower, however, at the mouth, than below. Into this mouth a bambu basket called Hasĕupan, is thrust, holding the rice, which is thus cooked by the steam rising from the water boiling in the Sé-éng.
Sé-ét, used up, done; eat up, consumed. Kéjo na gĕus sé-ét, the boiled rice is all eat up. Paré na sé-ét, the paddy is up, is done. The word is applied more especially to things which are eaten up or drank.
Sĕgara, the sea, the ocean, Sagara, C. 694, the ocean. Sĕgara kidul, the sea south of Java. See Laut kidul.
Sĕgaran, an artificial lake. A large reservoir of water, resembling Sĕgara = the sea.
Sĕgé, a variety of small rattan , much used for whips.
Sĕgĕr, fresh and healthy in body. Strong and well. Fresh, not stale, not faded. Gĕus sĕgĕr dĕui, he is restored to health.
Ségét, to bite, to nip with the teeth.
Ségogan, a bend or twist in a canal or road. A sharp turn.
Sĕgok, sobbing, crying, whining.
Sĕgrék, said when cutting an animals throat. Sĕgrek bai di pĕunchit, whittling they cut its throat.
Sĕgsĕg, be quick, look sharp, bear a hand. The same as Soksok.
Seiyid, Arabic, the title of a numerous race who are, or affect to be the descendants of Mohammed, through Ali and Fatima, and are distinguished by a green turban. See Sahid and Said. A lord, a nobleman. MARSDEN 195.
Seilan, Ceylon.
Séjén, other, different, varying. Séjén paré na, the paddy was different. Séjén rua na, quite another appearance.
Sék, the idiomatic expression of laughing, as Sék bai sĕuri, and smiling he laughed.
Sĕk, the idiomatic expression of being hushed in quietness, quiescence. The absence of noise or motion. Sĕk bai répéh hararé-és, all was hushed in quietness, and they had gone to sleep.
Sĕkar, in the Kawi of Java, a flower, an ornament. Jayang Sĕkar, flowers of victory; a variety of native horse-soldiery.
Sékat, the number fifty, 50. Sekat sounds as if it were Sa-ikat, one tie. It is rather odd that in the ancient method of counting Chinese cash, Sekat is not used to express 50, but Sawé, which see.
Séké, the branch of a river. The confluent of a river.
Sĕkin, Arabic, a small knife. Any small, short bladed but straight knife; often worn about the person, or stuck in the belt.
Séla, a petrified black gum found in small nodules in the earth. When melted with oil it forms a mastick in with goldsmiths set their gold, for the convenience of working or embossing. Sél, C. 762, a rock, a stone, a mountain, derived from Saila, C. 765, a mountain, bitumen, storax; stony, rocky. Saila is derived from Sila, C. 736, a stone, a rock. Saela, C. 772, a stone, a rock.
Sĕla, an interstice, a space between, an opening; at intervals. See Sala. Ragrag di sĕla papan, it fell through between the planks. Di sĕla imah, in the space between two or more houses. Sélan, Ceylon. Same as Seilan.
Sĕlang, an interval of repose. An interval, a space between. To change a person. To give one person in the place of another. Ari sĕlang kudu di boro, when we have a little repose (or time) we will go.
Sĕlangan, to alternate with, to change with something else. Di sĕlangan nyachar, he alternates it with cutting down jungle, he cuts jungle but has also some other occupation.
Sĕlang-sĕlang, alternately, at intervals, now and then. With spaces between.
Sĕlang-sĕling, alternate, every other; missing one.
Sĕlap, Sĕlapan, Sĕlapkĕn, to insert, to stick in between. To interpose.
Sĕla-sĕla na, at the interstices, at the intervals. Bayar na to datang ka kami, ragrag di sĕla-sĕla na bai, the payment does not reach us, it drops into the interstices (the headmen steal it).
Sĕlasi, the herb sweet basil, Ocymum Basilicum of the family of Labiatae. This is much used for planting about, or when gathered to lay upon the graves of relatives or friends, and is very likely the remnant of a very innocent Hindu institution, evincing affection for those who have gone hence. At the end of the Puasa or fasting month, the graves are cleaned, and Sĕlasi laid upon them. Sĕlasi is a corruption of Tulasi, C. 239, a small herb held in high veneration by the Hindus; the Holy Basil, Ocymum Sanctissimum.
Sĕlat, a strait of the sea. A narrow passage. Sĕlat is the name by which Singapore is generally known throughout the Archipelago: the strait par excellence. Sĕlat Anyar, the Anjer straits, is the name by which the natives know the straits of Sunda. Composed of Sa, which see, and Hĕulĕut or Lĕut, an interruption.
Sĕlĕpa, a small metal box, mostly of brass, for holding the ingredients for chewing Sĕurĕuh, carried about the person. This word sounds Sanscritic. May it be from Sālapa, C. 851, from Saha, with, Alapa, a word, conversation; as natives never enter into conversation without producing the Sĕurĕuh box, and in this way the Sanscrit word with them has got a conventional use and meaning.
Sélér, a shoot, a runner, an offset of any vegetable, herb or plant. Offspring, progeny.Sélér Pajajaran, a descendant, or the offspring of Pajajaran.
Sĕling, each other. Sĕling nĕwĕk, to stab each other. Sĕling numbuk, to thump at each other. Sĕling pĕudĕm, to fling each other into the earth or sea, as the wonderful men of old did.
Sĕlir, a concubine; a wife kept above the number of legitimate wives, which according to Mohammedan law is four. Anak ti sĕlir, a child born of such a woman.
Sélla, Portuguese, a saddle. Sélla Inggris, an English saddle.
Sĕlusur, name of a river fish, scarcely four inches long, with very fine scales, mouth on underpart of head.
Sĕlut, to plate, to cover over with some material different from the substratum. The ferrule or iron ring which holds any iron instrument firm in the handle. Sémah, a stranger, a visiter. Kasémahan, having visiters in the house.
Sĕmang, generally heard as Ulah sĕmang, don't be afraid. Don't be in doubt lest something should not happen.
Sĕmbah, to go down upon the knees to salute a superior. To cower down and salute. To make obeisance, adoration, reverence.
Sĕmbahĕun, a royal personage, a person of rank. The object of obeisance.
Sĕmbayang, divine worship, religious ceremony; devotion, praying. To pray. Probably derived from Sĕmbah, to make obeisance to,— Hyang, divinity, Godhead. Thus: obeisance to the divinity. Nowadays it is the worship of Allah-ta-ala, the Lord God, but the word no doubt is a remnant of old Hindu times and worship. If this interpretation is correct, the Hyang for divinity must have also existed on Sumatra, the mother country of the Malays, who also use Sĕmbayang in the above sense.
Sĕmbur, to blow out the contents of the mouth in one gush or flash. For this purpose a variety of materials have been taken into the mouth and munched up. These contents consist of substances having medicinal qualifies, and are then blown out upon the part of the body affected, or upon a sore. The expression is much used in Jampé.
Sĕmplék, to break off in small pieces, to chip off. A chip or trifling piece broken off any brittle substance.
Sĕmporna, perfect, complete, consummate, faultless. Perfection, happiness, contentment, peace. Sampurnna, C. 712, from Sam, intensitive, and Purnna, full, finished, whole, entire, complete.
Sĕmprong, a spy-glass, a telescope. Any tube to look through.
Sĕnang, tranquil, free from trouble, at rest; having leisure on hand.
Senapati, a general in chief. The leader of an army. One of the titles assumed by the native sovereigns of Java. Séna, C. 761, 763, an army; Pati, C. 383, Lord, master, = an army-lord.
Sĕndari, a large stem of bambu with oblong apertures or slits cut into the tubes between the joints. Such a bambu is struck upright in the ground, mostly in the humahs, and the wind blowing through the apertures, produces musical sounds.
Séndok, a spoon.
Séndok apu, a lime spoon, a mason's trowel.
Sĕndutan, to set on fire, to light up; to ignite.
Sĕnĕb, vexatious, causing inward pain or remorse. Sĕnĕb bai ka na ang'ĕn, It gave inward affliction. I was vexed in the extreme.
Séngél, dearth of food, famine. See Pĕchĕklik.
Séng'ĕrod, tied, fastened, especially tied by the feet, or with the feet tied together, so as to impede motion; tied as is done with an animal which is to be slaughtered. Hoppled. Kaséng'ĕrod di lĕuwĕung, his feet got caught fast in the forest (by a liane).
Sénggal, name of a river fish, resembling the chaung in body, and in filthy habits. Has long cyrrhi and lives in holes. Sénggang, a culinary vegetable. Amaranthus Oleraceus. Called in Malay Bayĕm.
Sĕng'ir, a variety of mangga so called.
Sĕng'ir-gadung, a variety of mangga so called.
Séngkéd, a branch of a tree; a divergence; bifurcation.
Séngkédan, split, divided, branching.
Sĕngkud, to hurry on, to hasten. To act in any way with impetuosity. Pagawean itu kudu di sĕngkud, that work must be hurried on. Lamun to di sĕngkud, mohal bisa anggĕus, if you do not bear a hand, it is quite impossible that you can get it done.
Séngyang, divinity, Godhead. This is a word in every one's mouth when speaking of the olden time, when the Javanese were still unconverted to Mohammedanism, and is prefixed to many Hindu names — as Séngyang Wisésa, Séngyang Guru, and the like. According to Mr. FRIEDERICH, it is derived from Hyang, which of itself is properly divinity, Godhead. In Bali occurs a place called Sad-kahyangan, which means the six temples or six divinity places. The word Hyang is also heard in the word Guriangor mountain spirit. Sang is no doubt also derived from Sanscrit; it appears to imply holy, sacred, and may have the same etymon as the Greek and Latin Sanctus. Thus in Sunda, the word is placed before simple Polynesian words, when in Pantuns, it is meant to endue some mere animal with supernatural power. Thus they say Sang-kĕbo or Sang-monyét, the divine buffaloe or the divine monkey. Sangha in Singhalese, C. 688, means multitude, number, collection; the Buddhist priesthood; a convocation of priests, five of whom constitute a Sangha. See Sang voce. The word is always heard as Séngyang, though evidently Sangyang would be more correct. You never hear Séng-kĕbo, Séng-monyét.
Séngyang Sirah, the head of the Séngyang. The name given to the West end of Java or Java Head.
Séngyang Tikoro, name of a place in the Chitarum river, where that river falls from the uplands of Bandung into the lower lands of Chianjur, which it does through a narrow gully or Tikoro, throat.
Sĕnin, Monday, from the Arabic word Seneian, Monday.
Sĕntar, split, cleft, cracked.
Sénté, a variety of large arum.
Sĕntik walang, called also Walĕsan, the spring of a gun-lock. Sĕntik is probably a modified shape of Bĕntik, folded together by means of a joint or hinge. Walang, a grass-hopper, thus grass-hopper joint, in allusion to the shape of the spring in a gun-lock.
Sĕntul, name of a forest tree; bears a fruit which is eaten. Sandoricum Indicum.
Séor, falling in a shower and making a shrill noise. Séor bai béas ragrag sapanjang gudang, the rice kept dropping out and falling with a noise the whole length of the store.
Sĕp, the idiomatic expression of inserting anything into a crevice. Sĕp bai di sĕlapan papan ipis, and shoving in he inserted a thin plank.
Sĕp, the idiomatic expression of silence. Sĕp bai réhė, and all was hushed in silence. Sepak, to kick, to strike with the foot, of either man or beast. Di sépak ku tuan, he was kicked by the gentleman. Di sépak kuda, he was kicked a horse.
Sĕpat, name of a small fish found in ponds. Trichopus Trichopterus.
Sĕpĕt, astringent to the taste, harsh in the mouth. Sĕpĕt expresses in a smaller degree what Kĕsĕd denotes in a greater one.
Sĕpi, any fruit, but more especially Jéngkol, which has been buried in the earth to mellow and ripen, when it comes out most nauseous, stinking stuff, but is greedily eaten by the natives. The Jéngkol beans are deleterious and strongly affect the urinary organs unless treated in this way. See Jéngkol.
Sĕpi, solitary, lonely. Wana Sĕpi, lonely forest, name of a place in Karawang.
Sĕpuh, old an venerable. Old so as to be past work. Juragan sĕpuh, the old headman (who has been set aside from old age).
Sĕr, the idiomatic expression of moving or shoving forward or aside. See Sĕsĕr, Gĕsĕr. It is in a smaller degree what Sur is in a larger one.
Sérab, dazzle from the sun or from heat. Dazzle experienced on looking at the sun. The dazzle seen upon wood and many other objects when shone upon by a bright sun.
Sĕradat, to slip, to slide. To fall by slipping on anything greasy.
Sĕrah, given up, yielded, surrendered, submitted.
Sérah, a few unshelled grains of paddy mixed up with rice, when it has not been sufficiently cleaned. Béas iyo loba tĕuyn sérah na, this rice has too many unshelled grains in it.
Sĕrahkĕn, to submit, to yield, to surrender. To give over charge.
Sĕrak, hoarse, husky in voice.
Sérang, any piece of cultivation, as sawahs, humahs or gardens, worked by the population as a body for behoof of their chief, and without payment. Sérang is the name of the present chief place in Bantam, so called from having been the place where formerly the population planted sawahs in this way, for behoof of the sultans of Bantam. A humah Sérang is annually planted by the Badui people, and from the produce of this humah, the rice is made which is used in their superstitious observances.
Sĕrani, Arabic, a Christian, a Nazarene. The word is a corruption of Nasarani. By Orang Sĕrani, is generally meant the poor dark coloured half castes who are Christians. „And he came and dwelt in a city called Nazareth: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophets, he shall be called a Nazarene.“ St. Matthew, chap. 2, verse 23. „And Pilate wrote a title, and put it on the cross. And the writing was, Jesus of Nazareth the king of the Jews.“ St. John, chap. 19, verse 19.
Sĕrat, stripes, lines, as in a drawing.
Sĕrawĕl, Arabic, trousers, breeches.
Sĕrayu, a river which runs along the southern base of the Prawu mountains and subsequently separates the residencies of Bagalen and Banyumas. Sĕrayu in India is the river of Oude. Bat. Trans, vol. 22, page 51. Séréd, to trail along the ground. To lug or drag along the ground.
Sérédan, a sledge, a contrivance for dragging anything along the ground.
Sĕrĕg, fitting stifly or close into a hole or case. Jammed fast. Fitting so close in a hole, that it has to be forced or driven in.
Séréh, lemon grass. A sweet scented grass used to boil with curry stuff. Andropogon Schaenanthum.
Sĕrénkĕn, to surrender; to give or hand over, to transfer.
Sĕrĕp or di sĕrĕp-sĕrĕp, to investigate slyly, to gain private information. To try to find out quietly, by gaining private information.
Sĕrĕt, said of food which will not pass down the throat, unless with the help of a little water. Sticking in the throat.
Sĕrĕud, to sting as a wasp. A sting.
Sĕri, the protectress of the rice fields. A mystic name for paddy. Ceres! Clough, page 779, gives Sri, from Sri, to serve, to worship, and the vowel made long — the goddess Lakshmi, the deity of plenty and prosperity; fortune, prosperity. There is also a form of incantation in which the following words occur — Sĕri, Kala, Baya, Pati, Hurip, which respectively mean East, South, West, North, and the Earth, and which are in some way supposed to be connected with the week of five days, and correspond to the days, each for each, in following order, Manis, Pahing, Pon, Wagé, Kaliwon, —see the various words for further information. In Bali the people have still small constructions amongst the sawahs, and by the side of the roads, dedicated to Sri, the consort of Siwa. Passers-by are careful always to strew a few grains of rice in such constructions, if they happen to have any with them. FRIEDERICH, Bat. Trans, vol. 22, page 33/34.
Sĕri Wanadi, the primative rice brought to Java, and thought to have come from Mĕsir or Egypt. —Sĕri, paddy, Ceres. —Wana, C. 621, a forest, a wood, a grove. —Di, C. 273, milk coagulated by means of an acid. Thus coagulated milk of the forests — from the rice having been originally planted in a piece of forest cleared for the purpose.
Sĕrih, quits, even, in a contest or struggle. Neither winning nor overcome.
Sérip, Arabic, a sherif, a nobleman, especially a descendant of Mohammed.
Sĕrit, a thin piece of wood inserted in a joist to hold the joining firm, and even together. A sĕrit is usually inserted with the axle which fixes immoveable in a pedaty wheel. The partial filling up of the hole in any handle, so that the blade may be firmly set.
Séro, a kind of otter, Lutra Leptonyx, found about the mountain streams.
Séro, fishing stakes and nets set in the sea near the shore.
Sérong, aslew, at an angle, not straight forward. Oblique. Prevaricating, not doing what is right.
Sĕrta, together and along with, with. Sārtiha, C. 728, Sa for Saha, with, artiha, wealth, meaning a company of traders, a caravan. Multitude in general. Of like meaning. Sĕrtan, Arabic, the zodiacal sign Cancer.
Sésa, remainder, what is left, leavings, rest, remnant. Sésa and Sésha, C. 764, remainder, leavings, rest, balance, what is left. Rejected, omited.
Sésaté, meat chopped in small pieces and stuck on a skewer, and then grilled and so served up at table.
Sĕsawi, the mustard plant, Sinapis communis. It is always planted in the humahs, for the sake of the young and tender leaves to be eaten as a vegetable. Crawfurd says the word is Telinga. Probable etymon, Sawi, C. 720, strenght, force, muscular power.
Sĕsĕg, stuffed, crammed full, full up to the neck. Stuffing. Sĕsĕg anggĕl, the stuffing of a pillow.
Sĕsĕgan, to stuff, to cram full. Sung'ut na di sĕsĕgan ku kéjo, he stuffed his mouth full with boiled rice.
Sĕsĕgor, to grunt, to make a grunting noise in sleeping. To breathe heavily through the nose.
Sĕsĕk, close, not wide; crowded; not able to put in, a tight fit.
Sėsékélan, said when some part of the body, as the arm or leg is injured, or has a boil upon it, and a sore cramp is felt on the muscle at a distant part of that limb.
Sésél or Sésélan, to carefully collect and and cut off any small matter of flesh which may adhere to a hide in skinning an animal, as a buffaloe or cow. To shave clean.
Sĕsĕmbén, some small addition. Something made in addition to some other object on a larger scale.
Sĕsĕmon, longing for, but ashamed to ask; abashed. Ulah sĕsĕmon, don't be abashed; From Samu,C. 710, leave, permission.
Sĕsĕmplékan, to break off in small bits. Breaking in chips.
Sĕsĕpkĕn, to insert, to introduce. To put or thrust between.
Sĕsĕr, to move gently, to shove aside, to move by degrees. To remove with cultivation on to the adjoining bit of land, either in open country, or more generally in forest. To encroach upon. See Sĕr.
Sĕsĕr, the head stall of a bridle.
Sésér, heard only in Bang'o sésér, a variety of black and white stork common in the sawahs.
Sĕsompang, the outer side-gallery of a native house, open to the street, and outside the Tĕpas.
Sétan; Arabic, satan, the devil, a demon. Sétan-alas, a forest devil, a term of ignomony and reproach.
Sétra, perfect and accomplished. Possessing property and good birth. Most probably the word Kshatriya, C. 155, a man or woman of the royal or military race. Said also of eatables which are delicious and desirable.
Sétu, the same as Sitū which is more usual and which see. Sĕubĕuh, satisfied, with the belly full. To have one's heart's content. Sĕubĕuh ku kéjo, to be satisfied with rice. Aing sĕubĕuh ku laléwa sia, I have got my belly full of your nonsense. I am tired to death with your nonsense.
Sĕu-ĕul, provokingly long and wearisome. Anything which causes provoking delay. A tiresome undefined pain. Sĕu-ĕul ngadagoan batur, I was wearied out by waiting for my companion. Sĕu-ĕul di na bĕutĕung, to have an undefined wearisome pain in the stomach.
Sĕu-ĕur, harsh and rough. Not allowing any other thing to slip readily along it. Dilatory, tedious.
Sĕuhang, name of a tree. Ficus Glabra.
Sĕukĕut, sharp, cutting well. Péso sĕukĕut, a sharp knife. Figuratively: causing oneself to be obeyed. Sĕukĕut naker paréntah na, his orders were very sharp (no shirking them).
Sĕukrah, rough to the feel, harsh, having unevenness. Batu sumpur sĕukrah, a sumpur stone is rough.
Sĕumĕuh, rather, verging towards, somewhat of, —said of colours. Sĕumĕuh puti, rather white, verging towards white. Sĕumĕuh bĕurĕum, somewhat red.
Sĕumoni, a variety of small cockroach. Blatta orientalis.
Sĕung'ĕut, alight, burning.
Sĕung'ĕutkĕn, to set fire to. To fire off (a gun). Sĕung'ĕutkĕn damar, to light a candle or lamp.
Sĕung'it, sweetscented, of agreeable smell, fragrant.
Sĕungkĕk, sessile, without a neck. Said of fruit or animal which has no stalk or neck, as fish.
Sĕungkĕud, in a hurry. Doing all you can to get a thing quick done. Diligent, active.
Sĕungkĕudken, to hurry on, to expedite, to hasten.
Sĕungkĕur, to hooping of wood which holds a Bubu fishing trap distended, called also Bĕngkĕr. Sĕungkĕur in also another name for Sumbi in weaving. See Sumbi.
Sĕuntak, to frighten, to cause terror by the voice, to alarm. To cause fear by speaking harshly to. To upbraid, to rebuke.
Sĕupa, and Sĕupan, to cook vegetables and greens bij steaming.
Sĕupahan, the ingredients for chewing betle. See Nyĕupah.
Sĕurĕud, also pronounced Sĕrĕud, to sting as a wasp.
Sĕurĕuh, called in Malay Siri; it is the leaf of the Piper Betle, or Chavica betle, and is universally chewed by the natives, accompanied by lime, gambir and tobacco, which cause a plentiful blood-red saliva, which they spit out. As a matter of courtesy, the natives always present these materials for chewing to strangers or visitors, in the same way that Europeans would offer a glass of wine or spirits. The Sunda and Malay are word are evidently of a common origin. Siribo, C. 736, the betle creeper (Piper Betle). Has the Siri also orginally come from the continent of India? Sĕuri, to laugh, to smile. Sĕuri bai jélĕma na, the man laughed.
Sĕusĕuh, to wash, especially as clothes. To clean by washing. Jamang sia kudu di sĕusĕuh, you must wash your jacket.
Sĕusĕup, to sup up. To drink as an animal directly with the head and mouth. Said also of a man, when he puts his head down to drink from the water, as it naturally lies in a well or river.
Sĕusĕupan, a place to sup at, a drink-hole. All throughout the country are found Sĕusĕupans or drink-holes, where animals greedily drink, supposed from the water containing some saline matter or gas, but such taste is often imperceptible to man.
Sĕusĕurian, smiling, grinning, laughing. See Sĕuri.
Sĕusĕut, with difficulty, attended with trouble. Barely managed. Sĕusĕut mĕunang, obtained with difficulty. It was all I could do to get it. Sĕusĕut nakér daik di ala, it was with great difficulty that I took it.
Sĕuwĕuh, child, offspring, —-a refined expression. Séngyang sĕuwĕuh, the offspring of a séngyang, or heathen god. The word occurs as name of a part of the river Chinangĕuntĕung on Jasinga. Suwa, C. 755, from Sukha, joy, enjoyment; the young of any animal. Su, C. 742, increase, prosperity. Su, C. 768, voce Soma, to bear young.
Séwa, hire, rent. Séwa, C. 764, to serve. Séwā, C. 764, service, servitude; worship, homage.
Séwakĕn, to let out on hire, to rent out.
Séwang, each, individually. Siji séwang, one each. Sahĕutik séwang, every one a little.
Séwot, enraged, in a passion. Making a strenuous effort to do anything.
Séwu, a thousand, the same as Sarébu. Séwu is probably derived from Sa, Saha, with, by means of. Ewuh, confounded, confused, and would thus mean a confusion, from the immensity of the number to an ignorant people trying to form an idea of numbers. Gunung Séwu, the Thousand mountains, a long ridge of hills running north and south on the Bolang estate in the assistant residency of Buitenzorg. In counting Chinese cash Séwu expresses a value of forty Dutch doits. See Samas, Salawé.
wikt:séwuh|Séwuh]] or wikt:Sa-éwuh, overcome with confusion. Embarrassed.
Shéch, Arabic, a title assumed by most Arabs in Java; a sheik, a leader. MARSDEN in voce Shekh or Sheikh, page 200, gives an elderly and respectable man; an Arabian chief whose influence arises from age and experience.
Si, a particle prefixed to proper names, or to a name by which some one is distinguished. It is used as a denomination for a person of low degree, or rather of no rank at all, and may thus not improbably be the short way of expressing the following word Sia, thou, as used towards an inferior, or towards a child. Thus we have Si Jaman, Si Hamat, Si Sariman for ordinary villagers. It is also put before almost any word either substantive or adjective, by which it is wished to denote some quality of a person as Si goblok, the stupid fellow, Si Jangkung, the tall fellow, Si Kuda, the horse chap , perhaps from the fellow having stolen a horse, Si Endog, the eggchap, from the fellow stealing the neighbour's eggs, or having had some misadventure connected with eggs. Si Nok, a name of affection for an infant. Si Kunyu, the little monkey, another term of endearment for a child. The same particle Si is similarly used in Malay, where, however, the pronoun Sia, thou, is not known. In Malay they say Si-au, which is also used in the Sunda, and implies Mr. Somebody, such a one; Si-apa, who? Si also often occurs in the shape of a demonstrative pronoun. Si jélĕma wat bangkawara, the chap is most obstinate or perverse. Si bagya téa, to daikkĕn hadé, my luck will not turn out good. Si lĕumpang éta hanchér, his walking was drawling, —as if both bagya and hanchér were personified in these cases.
Sia, thou, you, used only towards an inferior, or towards a child or young person. Sia daik ka mana, where are you going.
Siam, the country of Siam, Siamese.
Si-amuk, one of the old Pusaka or heir-loom guns of Java. The amuk maker.
Siar, to seek, to look for, to go in quest of. Leung'it kudu di siar, when lost it must be sought for.
Sia-sia, useless, of no use. In vain to try; labour in vain. Sia-sia mohal mĕunang, it's no use trying, you have no chance of getting it.
Sibĕung'ĕut, to wash the face. Eukĕur sibĕung'ĕut di panchuran, he is in the act of washing his face at the spont.
Sida, the upshot is, the result is. Sida to mĕunang, the upshot is he does not get any. Probably the same as Sidha, C. 732/3, to accomplish, to effect.
Sidakĕup, with the arms folded.
Sidayu, a district on the north east corner of Java, at the entrance to the straits of Madura. The present town of Sidayu is within the straits of Madura, but the old Sidayu, called Sidayu lawas, faces the Java sea, and is found near the 153th paul from Samarang towards Sourabaya, and consequently 25 1/2 pauls more to the westward than the present chief town. The origin of the word Sidayu may perhaps be traced to the Javanese word Dayuh, a stranger, a visiter, a guest, and thus the resort of strangers, consequent on the trade carried on by sea, and from this circumstance the whole district has derived its name. Si is a common prefix in such sense. When the Dutch first visited Java in A.D. 1596, they found Sidayu lawas a place of considerable trade with the Moluccos, but it is now-a-days a miserable little Javanese village.
Sidĕpong, an expression characteristic of being at your wits' ends. Cleared out of every means; —-used to designate the indigence experienced in the wet monsoon when the paddy is done, and the party has no means of buying more, and if he had it rains so hard, that he could not venture out to seek for any.
Siduru, to warm oneself over a fire. To cower over burning embers to warm and dry oneself.
Si-ĕtaun, an indefinite term for a man whose name we do not recollect: Mr. Thingumy.
Sigai, a single stem of large bambu set up or tied to a tree, in order to climb it. The bambu is notched here and there, mostly near a joint, so as to afford resting place for the toes in climbing, or a peg of wood is driven in for that purpose. Such a Sigai is always found set up against a kawung palm tree that is tapped for making sugar.
Sigar, to split, to rend, to divide. Sa sigar, a portion split off.
Sigar-sigar, divided, split up, portioned out.
Sigung, name of an animal peculiar to the west end of Java. Mydans Meliceps. It lives in holes and goes abroad at night. When molested it has the power of emitting a most offensive stench, like the polecat. This stench adheres to objects for several days.
Sigung, name of a tree, Echinocarpus Sigun. Generally called Ki-sigung.
Sihĕun, afraid, timorous, fearful.
Si-ih, the spurs of a cock. The ankle bone of a man.
Si-jangkung, the middle-finger, literally the tall one. See Churuk bugang.
Siji, one, the numeral of unity. Apparently of Sanscrit origin, Sa or Saha, C. 721, with, together, association. Bija, C. 474, the seed of plants; thus with a seeds = one. The Malays did not adopt the Sanscrit Biji, but substituted Batu, a stone, a word of their own, and hence have Satu, Sawatu. From this we learn that the very rudiments of number, one and two (see Dua), were derived from the strangers from continental India.
Sijikĕn, to make one, to unite. To collect into one heap or mass.
Sikat, a brush, a hair-brush, a horse-brush.
Sikĕp, prepared for any work or office. Having within one's power or reach. Dressed for a journey. Ari daik sikĕp kudu sadija ti méméh na, if you want to manage it, you must make ready before hand. See Kasikĕp.
Sikĕp, personal shape, bodily form. Good looking, — said of men.
Sikĕpan, to provide with, to arm with. Di sikĕpan bĕdil, he armed or provided him with a gun.
Sikĕpan, a state jacket worn by native chiefs, which comes down over the rump and is slashed at the sides.
Sikĕt, as far as, up to. Sikĕt lima ma béré bai, up to five, you can safely give. Sikĕt Bogor, as far as Bogor = Buitenzorg.
Siki, grain, seed. Siki kachang, pulse seed. Siki bonténg, cucumber seeds.
Sikian, bearing seed.
Siki mata, the pupil of the eye.
Siksa, chastisement, punishment. Di siksa, to punish, punished; perhaps derived from Sikshā and Sikshana, C. 730, learning, study, the acquisition of science; taming, disciplining. Probably from learning having been confined originally to a class of men who retired into solitudes with their studies, and thus mortified and punished their carnal lusts for the sake of acquiring knowledge.
Siksakĕn, to punish, to chastise.
Siksĕrik, to cut off or pare down the sides or edges with a knife. Awi na kudu di siksĕrik, that bambu must be pared off clean. Siku, the elbow, an angle.
Siku-siku, a carpenter's square.
Siku -siku, an instrument of iron, about 15 inches long, made somewhat like a dagger with a handle of fit size for grasping. At this part there is found a guard also of iron curved towards the outer end in almost a semicircle. The instrument has a blunt point, and is somewhat on the whole like a dagger. With the Siku-siku the people have a game which they call Mĕncha, and with which an adept man can defend himself against an adversary, armed with a sword, kris or other cutting weapon, which getting jammed in the curved guard, can be then wrenched out of his hand. It is thought to have been originally introduced by the Chinese.
Sila, to sit squatting. Sitting squatting on the ground with the legs crossed and lying flat on the floor. A position of respect assumed by natives in the presence of superiors.
Silah, fellow, fine fellow, chap. A familiar term of addressing any one, by which his inferiority, or at most equality with the speaker is assumed. Silah aing daik ilu dĕui, does my fine fellow also want to go. The possessive pronoun aing is generally used after Silah, and the word is mostly heard pronounced as one word: Silaing.
Silalatu, a spark, any small firy matter which flies out of a fire. Latu in the court dialect of Javanese is fire.
Silawang'i, a character in the early history of Pajajaran. RAFFLES, Java, vol. 2, page 104. Sila, C. 736, a hole, a perforation; a rock, a stone. A flat stone on which condiments etc. are ground with a muller. Silawangi was famous for the number of his wives, or it may be Silah-wang'i, the fragrant chap.
Silĕm, to dive, to go down under water.
Silĕp, disappeared, vanished.
Silĕuh, dazzling. A dazzling unpleasantness in the sight when exposed to a strong sun. Overpowered with light.
Silih, subsequent; indicates a time subsequent to the one mentioned. Di na silih na hari raya, the day after the festival.
Silih-mulud, otherwise called Rabi-ul-akir, the fourth month of the Mohammedan year. The month after the Mulud month.
Siling, each other. Siling tumbuk, they boxed or thumped each other. Siling kadék, they cut at each other.
Siluman, a fancied spirit or genius. A sprite which does unaccountable things, and creates mischief. Perhaps derived from Si, the common prefix to proper names, and Luma, C. 609, a tail, a hairy tail, Luma-an = Luman, having a hairy tail, thus literally, him with the hairy tail.
Simah, fear, dread; a fear which paralyses the whole body. Such a terror as is experienced when meeting a tiger in the jungle.
Siman, a swelling under the eye-lid. A swelling rising up near any wound. Sima, C. 741, a boundary, a limit, a land mark. A bank, a shore. Simbuhan, to sprinkle with water. To throw water upon. To moisten as from a watering pot.
Simbut, a coverlet, a sheet, a blanket, a wrapper.
Simĕut, a grasshopper. Chisimĕut = grasshopper-river in South Bantam.
Simpai, a hoop; a circle of split bambu, rattan, or any limber vegetable substance twisted round another object. Simpai bĕusi, iron-hoop.
Simpang, a variety of rattan resembling Sampang, only a little smaller. It is little used as it is brittle and soon breaks.
Simpangan, a deviation in a road. A path or way that diverges from another. A deviation, a side path. See Nyimpang.
Simpangkĕn, to diverge. To turn out of the usual course. To cause to take another direction.
Simpĕurĕum, name of a shrub. Phyllanthus Verrucosa.
Sinagar, a variety of palm tree. Pinanga Coronata.
Sinanangkap, a large caterpillar with a quantity of hair down each side, which causes great itching if it pierces the skin.
Sinantaha, if, always in case that, provided that.
Sinar, a ray of light. A stream or beam of light. Effulgence. Sinar mata poi, the rays of the sun. Sinar hintan, the radiance of diamond.
Sinariĕun, anything which usually does not happen now taking place. Sinariĕun sia to kadiyo, usually we never see you, but now here you are (a sort of jeer).
Sindang, to stop, to halt. To stop on the road. To pull up.
Sindir, to sneer at, to jeer at, to quiz, to taunt, to deride.
Sindoro, a high mountain in central Java in the residency Kadu. High upwards of 10.000 feet. This mountain is near the Sumbing and the two together are called „the Brothers,“ by navigators.
Sinĕurĕut, the flesh in an animal which lies under the backbone near the rump. The Sinĕurĕut is the favourite piece of flesh out of any animal, being tender and delicious.
Sing, a monosyllable of extensive use, answering to: let it be, and in Malay is often expressed by Biar. Sing luhur, let it be at the top, or put it up high. Pĕupĕuh sing luhur, strike high up. Surungkĕn sing luhur, shove it high up. Sing hadé, take care; let it be with care. Sing saha nu daik bai, whoever chooses, Sing jélĕma bai, any man; the first man that comes.
Sing'a, a lion. An almost fabulous name on Java, where the animal is unknown. Sinha, C. 729, a lion, in composition pre-eminent. The word is often heard in the composition of proper names. Hulu sing'a, lion's head, name of a particular kind of handle for a gobang or native sword, representing what was no doubt originally meant for a lion's head.
Singaparna, a chief village south of Bandung. Sing'a, a lion. Parnna, C. 371, a leaf of the betle leaf. Sing'apura, Singapore. From Sing'a, C. 720, a lion, and Pura, C. 409, a city, a town. The lion city. The present British setlement of Singapura on the old site of a celebrated Malay state so called. The old Malay Singapore was destroyed by the forces of Majapahit about A.D. 1252.
Sing'asana, a throne, from Sing'a, a lion, and Asanā, C. 66, a seat.
Sing'asari, the name of an ancient capital in Java, inland from the town of Pasuruan on the road to Malang, where still the remains of stone temples and colossal warders and images are found. Sing'a, lion, Sari, flower, beauty. The lion flower; the beautiful lion.
Sing'at, up to, off by; until, as far as. Potong sing'at buku, cut it off by the joint. Sing'at tangkal waru, up to the Waru tree. Sing'at chai, as far as the river. MARSDEN, p. 94, gives Sahingga, Singga, and Singgan, with the same meaning in Malay.
Singĕt, narrow, strait, short, a short distance. Brief, not long. Jalan na kadiniyo sing'ĕt, the road that way is short. En sing'ĕt dĕui ka lumbur, there only remains a short distance to the village.
Singkabkĕn, to lift up a little; to raise on one side; to shake out.
Singkal, the coulter of a plough. A piece of curved wood fastened on a plough above the share, so as to turn over the ground in ploughing.
Singkara, a silicious incrustation, sometimes found lining the inner tubes of bambu.
Singké, a name given to a Chinaman who has immigrated from China, to distinguish him from a Chinaman born in the Archipelago and known by the name of Baba. Singké is said to mean new man or new friend.
Singkir, to remove, to put out of the way. To displace, to set aside.
Singkiran, to get out of the way of anything. To remove ourselves out of the way. Panyakit éta mĕunang di singkiran, that disease you can get out of the way of it.
Singkirkĕn, to remove something else than ourselves. To set aside, to put out of the way, to reserve for future use.
Singkur and Singkurkĕn, to give a side cut or slash. To slash with a cutting weapon. To give a side blow, or parry, with a rattan when playing the game of Ujungan.
Singsihĕunan, to frighten, to terrify. To cause to be afraid.
Singsirĕuman, having the cramp in any of the limbs of the body. A numb feeling in the body. That peculiarity of the flesh which is called being asleep. The etymon of the word is Sirĕum, an ant, and the word in the Malay to express the same idea is Sĕmutan, having the ant, or being troubled with the ant, from Sĕmut, an ant. It is odd that such a sensation should be expressed in both languages by different words, but still both expressing the same idea. The idea conveyed is evidently that of feeling ants creeping over the body.
Singwong, whoever, any one. This word is frequently used though the compound word wong is not Sunda but Javanese, and means: person, individual. Sinta, the spouse of Rama, in the Ramayana; called more frequently Sita Dewi.
Sintir, twist-penny. To twirl a coin, and bet upon what face will be uppermost when it stops.
Sintok, a large forest tree, the bark of which is aromatic , and used much in native medicines.
Sintrĕk, to fillip, to strike by jerking a finger from the thumb.
Sinuhun, the besought, the entreated. Kangjeng Sinuhan, a litle for an emperor or king. See Kangjĕng.
Sinungguing, a man in ignorance. A person in innocence made a fool of. A stupid, honest, will behaved man, who is made a fool of, who does not perceive what others are at.
Sinyo, a young European boy. A male person of European parentage, born on Java or in India. The Portuguese Senior.
Sipai, Persian, a Seapoy, a Sipahi. A native soldier. The native soldiers of the continent of India. A Hindu soldier. All natives of the continent of India, dressed as Hindus, are frequently called Sipai.
Sipat, to mark out with a line, as a carpenter does. To aim at, to direct as to a mark. Di sipat ku bĕdil, to aim at with a gun.
Sipat, Arabic, Sifat, quality, appearance, attribute. Sipat Allah, the attributes of God.
Sipatan, a carpenter's measuring line, and the reel on which it is wound, which contains a small cistern, in which a little cotton or bit of old rag lies soaking in an inky preparation. The line passing out through this mixture becomes wet and black, and leaves then a mark on the wood to which it is applied. This arrangement replaces the European method of using chalk.
Sipuh, to renovate as metals. To set a new edge on a tool by working over when hot. To temper as iron by dipping when hot in water. To burnish gold by applying saltpeter and acids, which gives a dull but homogenous lustre.
Sir, the idiomatic expression for the noise made by a sharp current of air. See Pasir.
Sir, Arabic, will, wish, inclination. Sok sa sir na bai, he always follows his own will or inclination.
Sirah, the head, — an honorary designation. Sira, C. 735, the head, Sirah Kiai Adipati, the head of his honour the adipati.
Siram, properly Malay, to water, to sprinkle with water. An expression in the opium farm. That quantity of opium which is taken above what the government forces upon the farmer as a necessary quantum, and is then given at a lower price with a view to prevent smuggling.
Sirap, shingles. A flat bit of split wood used for roofing, like flat tiles. A variety is sometimes made from split bambu.
Siraru, the white ant termes, when it takes wing and flies about, which is always at even-tide and during the night; they only now and then make their appearance for a few nights, and are not again seen for months, when a new swarm takes place from the parent stock. Sirĕp, to cause deep sleep by charms. Incantations practised by thieves before robbing a house, in order to bring deep sleep upon the inmates. Di sirĕp bolong'or, to cause sleep by charms, wherein the person sees and is conscious of what is going on, but has no power to move.
Si-rĕu-ĕuk, one of the numerous names applied to wild pigs, especially when they are in flocks, which rĕu-ĕuk expresses, as it means smoke.
Sirĕum, ants of all kinds, Formica. The following varieties are distinguished, bearing the prefix Sirĕum.
- Sirĕum Akas, is a large black ant found on the ground. It bites very hard, and causes much pain, drawing blood.
- ”Atĕul, the itchy ant, causes prurience, of red colour, and on the ground.
- ”Kilang, brown and small, found on the ground; when it bites or emits its saliva upon a wound in the flesh, it causes it to be difficult to heal.
- ”Lada, the peppery ant, found on trees and gives a smarting bite.
- ”Upas, poisonous ant, black colour, found on trees, is of small size but gives a very painful bite.
- See also in voce Kararanggé, Rinyu, Taman, Tataman, Téplos, which though ants never have the prefix Sirĕum.
Sirĕupĕun, small bees. A variety of bee which is very small.
Sirik, unwilling to do more than others. Jealous of favours conferred on others.
Sirikaya, name of a fruit, the custard apple. Annona Squamosa. Quere? ought it not to be Srikaya, from Sri, C. 779, illustrious, famous. Kāya, C. 119, the body, in allusion to the lusciousness of this fruit.
Sirit, pudendum hominis, sive penis animalium.
Sirigil, a rougly made Sosog; most frequently also the same as sosog itself, which see.
Siring, to exchange means of transport at short intervals. To change horses and coolies by stages.
Sirung, a sprout, the foot of a tree. Tunggal sirungan, the stump of the tree is throwing out sprouts.
Sisi, side, border, edge. Sisi chai, the side of the river. Sisi jalan, the side of the road. Sisi may be derived from Si of Sima, C. 741, boundary, limit, a bank, a shore. The final ma is only constructive, leaving the crude from of the word Si, which in Sunda may have been duplicated, to render it intensitive: Si-si, to imply continuity. This Si may be the etymon of Tasik, which see.
Sisian, on the edge or border, at the side of.
Sisiaran, to hunt in the head for lice.
Sisig, a plug of thred tobacco chewed along with Sĕurĕuh.
Sisihan, an assortment of greens or vegetables set out on a tray for eating at a feast.
Sisikian, seeds, all sorts of seeds.
Sisili, name of a small fish, found in both stagnant and running water. Resembles a small Bĕrod. Sisilih, a person who replaces another in any office or employment, a remplacant.
Sisip, only a little remaining. Said of food or money, of which hardly enough remains for our own use.
Sisir, a comb, a comb worn in the hair. A sort of comb, bound both above and below, belonging to the native loom, between which the separate threads are passed to keep them distinct.
Sisiran, to comb, to dress the hair with a comb.
Sisirik, querulous, jealous of favours conferred on others. Unwilling to do more than your neighbours.
Sisit, scales of a fish. Sisit lauk, fish scales. Sisit pinyu, tortoise shell. Sisit naga, dragon's scales. Name of a variety of paddy.
Sisiwo, laughing, playing in fun. Lain sisiwo, it's no playing, it's no child's play. Tuan ma sok sisiwo bai, our master often makes fun, does things for a joke.
Sita, C. 741, the daughter of Janaka and wife of Rama Chandra, carried away by Rawana, called usually Sita Déwi. The same as Sinta.
Siti, a lady of rank. A proper name used in Pantuns as applied to a female or goddess. It is probably a corruption of Séhéti, C. 762, a young woman, a maid. And thus Déwi Siti, would be: maiden goddess.
Siti, Kawi, earth, ground, land; the earth, a country.
Sitinggil, an abbreviation of Siti, ground, Tinggil, high in Javanese = high ground. Name of a terrace in front of native kratons or palaces, where the sovereign shows himself to his subjects, or gives audiences.
Situ, an artificial lake or pond, made by damming up a ravine, so as to retain the water for the purposes of irrigation. This word is derived from India. Sétu, Clough, 763, from Si, to bind, and Tun, affinitive. A mound, a bank, a causeway, an elevated piece of ground separating fields and serving for the passage of travellers etc.; a bridge; a pass; a defile. — It will be seen that in Sunda the meaning is somewhat modified from what it really and originally meant, as the Sundanese attach to this word the idea of a pond or lake, whereas in reality it is only the dam or embankment to form the lake. Situ-banda, Adam's bridge between Ceylon and the continent of India. C. 763, Sétu Bandha, from Sétu, a bridge and Bhanda, binding. The ridge of rocks extending from the South extremity of the Coromandel coast towards the island of Ceylon, supposed to have been formed by Hanuman, by command of Rama, as a bridge for the passage if his forces, when going against Rawana; any dike or dam etc. This word Situ banda is known only in old legendary Hindu lore; at the last end of Java is a district near Panarukan called Situ Bondo, no doubt after the Indian fable. Here have always existed some large dam works for stopping up the river, for the purposes of irrigation, which were, a few years ago, replaced by the Dutch government with substantial masonry dikes.
Situ Hyang, any small pool of water on an upland plateau, where it can only be fed by rain water, and is thus looked upon more or less as a wonder; the pool of the divinity (of ancient Hindu times). Such a Situ-hyang exist on the Bolang Estate, a little to the East of the Gunung Handarusa.
Siwa, also called Mahadéwa. One of the Hindu gods. Clough in his dictionary at page 737 gives, Siwa, from Si, to sleep, wan, affinitive. The deity Siwa, the most formidable of the Hindu triad, the worship of which he is the object, is of a more gloomy nature in general, than that of the rest.
Siwangkung, a variety of palm tree, larger than the Sarai.
Siyak, disappeared, passed away, dispersed.
Siyal, unlucky, not successful. Luck not attending anything which we undertake.
Siyĕuk, to laddie out, either water, or any loose fine matter, as grain, rice, sand, sugar or the like. To take out such materials with any cup-like utensil or with a cocoa nut shell.
Siyĕur, fine fleas, small fleas, diminutive flies, found much about the rice blocks.
Siyuh, the whistle of a breeze of wind. The distant splash of a waterfall. The sound made by running water, especially if passing over a stony bed.
Siyung, the tusks of any animal. The sharp incisor teeth of the tiger, the dog, the horse or any other animal. A tusk, a fang, a canine tooth.
Slam, the short for the Arabic word Islam, mahomedan, belonging to the faithful. Orang Slam, mahomedan people.
Slamkĕn, to convert to mahomedanism.
Sméru, the highest mountain in Java, being, according to Junghuhn, 11.920 Rhineland feet high, which are equal to 12.274 feet English. It is situated upon the confines of Malang in Pasuruan and Basuki. Suméru, C. 752, from Su, excellent, Méru, the sacred mountain Méru. Méru, C. 559, the sacred mountain of the Hindus. Méru on Bali is a petty temple with several roofs rising one above the other in a pyramidical form, and dedicated to Siwa. Friederich, Bat. Trans, vol 22. On the top of the Hindu Méru, Sakra holds his court surrounded by the gods of Swarga, and underneath its base is the residence of the Asuras or demons. The Sméru is an active volcano almost constantly throwing out ashes, which will help to confirm the idea of its being the abode of demons.
Soang, a goose, anser. This word looks like the Malay word Angsa, goose, — Marsden, page 8 — reversed. Angsa is the Sancrit Hansa, C. 784, a goose, a gander, a swan. Soang may also be a contraction of Sota, C. 765, snout, beak, mouth, ect., and Hansa, C. 784, a goose: the snouted goose, as the geese in the Archipelago have all a peculiar boss or excrescent hump rising at the insertion of the beak. Angsa and Gangsa are the usual words, throughont the Archipelago for goose, which are evidantly the Sanscrit Hansa. The name of this bird was likely to be Sanscrit, as it is not indigenous, in a wild state, to any part of the Archipelago.
Soara, sound, report, noise, voice. Swara, C. 782, sound in general; air breathed through the nostrils; snoring. Sobat, Arabic, a friend, a companion, confederate. Sobat andé, a determined friend.
Sobong, a room or compartment patched or joined on to a house already existing. Enlargement of a native house by some additional building joined on to it.
Sodaikĕn, to incline, to slope off. To set at an angle.
Sodong, a recess under a rock or bank. A cavern opening into a hillside or under a rock. The recess into which the corpse is deposited. The natives, in making a grave, dig sideways, at the bottom, a recess into which the corpse is put, so that the earth thrown in upon the grave again, does not rest upon the body.
Sodoran, to hand to any one. To give by handing. To present.
So-ék, to tear, to rend (as clothes etc). Suyak, Marsden, 194, to tear, to rend as cloth. Subek, Crawfurd, to tear.
Sogok, to plough up with any instrument, as with a knife, a chisel or the like. To break up a surface, to chisel up. To cut up by ramming some instrument against it. Méja rusak di sogok ku bedog, he spoiled the table by ploughing it up with his chopper.
Soko, the rim of split wood fixed on round the bottom of a Kĕpék or Bakul.
Soksok, be quick, bear a hand, look sharp; the same as Sĕgsĕg.
Sol, the idiomatic expression of coming forward, or being put forward. Sol bai ka harĕup, in front it was put, or in front he came. Sol bai duit mayar, and producing money he paid.
Soldado, Portuguese, a European soldier, or one trained to the European discipline.
Soléman, Solomon. Nabi Soléman, the prophet Solomon.
Solémpat, the same as Chariĕuh, a plant very much resembling Chariang, which see.
Solo, the original name of the residence of the emperor of Java; called also Surakarta.
Solog-santog, to stumble about; to walk and tread rudely on places which ought to be respected. To roll about as a drunken man.
Solokan, a bay of the sea; an inlet.
Soma, the second day of an ancient week of seven days, corresponding to Monday. See Dité. Soma, C. 768, from Su, to bear as young, the moon. A name of Kuwéra, which see.
Somah, a married pair; a man and wife. Soma, C. 768, the moon, but derived from Su, to bear young.
Sombéng, anything with a notch or gap in it. A man with a hare lip. Said of any holding utensil with a bit broken out. Kakénchéng sombéng, an iron pan with a bit broken out. Pinggang sombéng, a broken cup. Si sombéng, a man with a hare lip. In Malay the word is Sumbing, Marsden, 180, notched, gapped.
Somplak, broken off or detached in a large piece from a still larger mass.
Somplék, broken off or detached from a larger mass. This word express a smaller degree than the previous word Somplak.
Sompok, detached in a great mass, as when the side of a mountain gets loose and tumbles down. Sondari, occurs in jampés as Sang Sondari, the name of some supernatural being. Sundari, C. 749, a handsome woman. Sang Sundari will be: the holy goddess of beauty. Sowndaryya, C. 769, beauty, loveliness.
Sondari, Chisondari, name of a place South of Bandong in the Prianger Regencies. Sundura, C. 765, a wife, a mistress, a term of endearment, from Sundari.
Songgo, another way of pronouncing Sangga, to bear up, to support.
Songgom, a shrub the roots of which are used, when pounded, for stupifying fish. The Songgom must, however, be mixed with wood ashes, and certain barks, especially with that of the Kipĕuhĕur, bruised up. Tua songgom, the intoxicating matter so prepared. See Tuba. The songgom is the Barringtonia Acutangula.
Songsong, a tube of bambu kept for blowing fires in place of our bellows. Of course the blast from the lungs is only moderate, but still sufficient for cooking operations.
Sontak, broken off, said of the part of any utensil which is broken off, as the snout of a tea pot, or the like. Injured by being broken.
Sopal, the covering at the tip of the sheath of any weapon. The horn, ivory, metal or other tip to a gobang or kris sheath.
Sopi, ardent spirits. Gin, brandy or arrack.
Soplak, splitting and rending. Said of a piece of wood, or large bambu.
Sorang, to walk or pass along, to perambulate. To set foot upon any place. To laku di sorang, you cannot pass that way, (from some difficulty existing on the road). Chukang eta mĕngkĕ ĕunyĕuh, lamun di sorang, that bridge will fall down if you pass along it.
Sorangan, alone. Sa, one, Orang person. Of himself, of his own free will. Sorangan kadiyo, I have come alone. Datang sorangan to di titah, I have come of my own free will without order.
Sorban, Persian, a turban. Correctly Sĕrband.
Soré, the evening, the afternoon, the close of the day. Kĕmbang soré, a flower which only comes out in the afternoon, Mirabilis Jalapa. Called at Batavia also Kĕmbang pukul ampat, four o'clock flower.
Soréang, to cast a glimpse. To take a look at. To stare.
Sorén, to carry as a weapon. To wear a weapon by sticking it into a belt round the body. Kris na gĕus di sorén, he has stuck the kris into his belt.
Soréndangkĕn, sling anything over the shoulder. To wear, by a belt hung over the shoulder, as a soldier carries his sword.
Soro, name of fine flavoured fish, found only in mountain streams. It resembles the Kauchara in appearance only is considerably smaller.
Sorodot, slipped off, glided off; said of any great mass which has slipped down. Chatang sorodot ka lando, the log of wood glided down the hill.
Sorog, the tenon by which two planks are utined. Both planks are cut in a mortice, which is wider within han without, and the tenon forced in unites the planks firmly. The planks are so joined together in pedaty wheels when not made with spokes. Sorog lawang, a bar by which a door is fastened, whithin.
Sorolok, a bar in a gateway which shoves backwards and forwards through apertures in the side posts prepared for the purpose. Such bars serving for a gate.
Sorondéng, kachang or pulse cooked up with butter or cocoa nut oil.
Sorosopan, many varieties of the same plant growing together, but which do not come evenly ripe, especially paddy. Some ripe and some not yet so.
Sorot, effulgence, refulgence. Sorot iyo jélĕma piménakĕun, the effulgence of this man is that of a nobleman. Sorot mata poi, the effulgence of the sun.
Sor-sor, the idiomatic expression of doing anything gently or by degrees. Sor-sor bai chai iyan, gently keep throwing water upon it.
Sorung, the same as sirung, a sprout, the shoot of a tree.
Soso, to clean rice by putting it again into the rice block and pounding off any remnants of husk, and then fanning it clean preparatory to cooking.
Sosog, a bambu split in 8 or 10 shreds lengthwise, but not quite through to the end, one or two joints being left unsplit. These split shreds are wattled into a round basket, and when large are set at the opening of a fence to catch wild pigs, or when small and only of lenght of one joint of the bambu, are set in sawahs to catch minnows as they go with the water of irrigation from one terrace to the other.
Sosokan, a variety of bambu basket, two of which constitute a Sosokan, and pass one within the mouth of the other, and are farther or less apart according to the contents.
Sosoroyo, a small bit of to- fall shed. A bit of roof joined on to the edge of a larger roof. A temporary shelter for the night or from rain.
Sot, the idiomatic expression for letting go, loosening hold. Bĕdog tĕulĕui sot di lĕpotkĕn, forthwith he dropped his chopper. Sot hĕulan, let go first.
Soté, although, notwithstanding. Di béré soté lain perchumah, although I give it you, it is not for nothing. Lĕumpang soté, di paksa bai, although I go, it is by force.
Spré, a sheet for a bed. The Dutch sprei, a coverlet, a counterpane.
Sraman, name of a place east of the town of Pekalongan at the foot of the Prawu mountains, which are noted for many Hindu antiquities. Sramana, C. 778, Srama, to perform acts of austere devotion. An ascetic, one devoted to meditation for the purpose of obtaining final emancipation from existence. A Buddhist ascetic, a beggar, the religious mendicant; a Buddhist priest.
Sri, a high title of honour placed before the proper name of a great man, as Sri Maha Raja, the illustrious great king. Sri Paduka, the illustrious sandal. Sri, Clough 779, from Sri, to serve, to worship, and the vowel made long. Famous, splendid, illustrious. See Sĕri.
Sri mĕnanti, the third and innermost court of a Javanese palace.
Stiwĕl, boots as worn by Europeans. (Dutch Stevel).
Stori, Portuguese and European. Story, a point in dispute. A questionable point. Noise and nonsense. Jadi stori, it becomes a matter for judicial adjustment.
Sua, or Karang Sua, a variety of sea-urchin called also Sasalakan, Cidaris. The word sounds like Sanscrit. Suwa, C. 755, happiness. Nirwana or final emancipation. The young of any animal.
Suai, to open out, or open a passage through paddy, grass or the like, by laying the straw right and left with the hands as you pass along. To open a passage through any standing crop, or through the hair.
Suan, a nephew or niece, when the father or mother being our brother or sister is younger than ourselves. See Alo. Suwa, C. 755, the young of any animal.
Suap, and Suapan, to feed by putting into the mouth of another. The same as Huapan, which see. Sasuap kéjo, a mouthfull of boiled rice.
Subĕng, an ornament for the ear. Rolls of gold or silver worn in a perforation in the ear. Not now in use.
Subhanah, Arabic, to be praised or glorified. Allah, subhanah, God who is to be praised.
Subuh, dawn, the peep of day, about 5 ½ o'clock all the year round in Java. Probably derived from the Arabic Sébh, dawn. MARSDEN, page 200.
Suchi, pure, clean, unsullied, innocent. Suchi, C. 745, the colour white. Purification by ablution. Mental purity. Virtue. Pure, clean; pious.
Suchian, cleanness, purity, innocence.
Suda, diminished in quantity, gone down. Taken off. Sadapan gĕus suda, the sugar juice (from the kawung palm) has decreased, taken off. Bĕunang na paré suda, the crop of paddy has diminished (is less than usual). Suda ti kalukang, less than last year.
Sudagar, Arabic, a merchant, a trader.
Sudi, occurs in the composition of some proper names. CRAWFURD gives Sudi as Sanscrit, to refine, to free from dross, to impurity. Sudi Manik, name of a mountain in the Gunung Saribu. Sudi, C. 746, a virtuous man. Manikyaya, C. 537, a gem, a jewel, any precious stone. A virtuous man who is a jewel; or a gem which is free from dross. Sudimara, name of a landed property inland of Batavia. Sudi, as below. Mara, C. 513, death, having a pleasure in death.
Sudi, to be willing, to give consent; consenting, acquiescing. To sudi, I am not willing, I won't hear of it. A forcible expression, which almost amounts to our „you be damned." Sudhi, C. 748, from Su, good, Dhyé, to think. A learned man or teacher, a scholar.
Sudu, a spoon, anything used by way of a spoon. An earthenware Chinese spoon.
Sugan, perhaps. Quere Su, C. 742, good, well, Gan, an abbreviation of Ganana, C. 164, counting, enumeration, an account. Sugan, by good account = perhaps. Sasuganan, to try your luck. Nothing like trying, Sugan datang, perhaps he will come. Sugan hadé, perhaps it will be good.
Sugi, rich, affluent, wealthy. This word sounds like Sanscrit. Su, good, Giya, gone, with whom matters have gone well. Sugi akhérat, rich with things of the world to come. Pious.
Sugi dunya, rich in worldly effects.
Sugu, a plane, a carpenter's tool. Provisions. See Susugu.
Suguh, aliment. Food set before a guest, entertainment. See Susugu.
Suhun, to carry on the top of the head; to carry any weight, as a basket etc. etc. balanced on the head.
Suitan or di suitan, to pull off bark in strips, by dividing it lengthwise, as if making string of it.
Suitan or di suitan, to call at a woman by whistling. To give a sign to a woman by a whistle, when a rendez-vous is appointed.
Suji, to work ornamental needle work. To embroider.
Sujud, Arabic, to fall down on the knees to pray. To fall down on the knees at an other man's feet to make some entreaty. To ask for pardon.
Suka, delight, pleasure, happiness. Glad, happy, rejoicing, joyful. Sukha, C. 743, from Su, good, Kha an organ of sense, happiness, pleasure, delight. Aing to suka sia kakituan, I have no pleasure in your doing so. I don't like to see you doing so. Lamun tuan suka, if you, Sir, will be pleased.
Suka ang'ĕn, heart's content, gladness, pleasure.
Sukakĕn, to grant with pleasure; to accord of free will. To give full and unqualified consent.
Suka-suka-an, mutual consent; mutual rejoicing. A rejoicing, a merry making. To take a pleasure in.
Sukěr, and Sukěran, in trouble, in difficulty. Distressed, put about.
Sukět, grass, heard sometimes in jampés. The more usual word in Jukut.
Sukla, a base metal composed of brass mixed with silver; any alloy of the precious metals. Sukla, C. 143, white, of a white colour; silver.
Sukma, the breath of life, the invisible soul. The impalpable spirit within man. Sūkshma, C. 758, little, small, minute, atomic; fine, delicate, ingenious, subtle; an atom.
Sukra, C. 743, the planet Venus. The preceptor of the Daityas or enemies of the gods. The ancient name for Friday on Java.
Suku, the foot, the lower leg. The bottom, the base. Suku jéléma, a mans foot. Suku satoa, the foot or lower leg of a beast. Suku gunung, the base of the mountain. This word occurs in the following form, and is used in jampé. Suku, foot, — meaning far away. Watu, stone — meaning near, close by. Gajah, elephant, — meaning a great man. Wuta blind, — meaning not to be known, hidden. See these words severally in voce.
Suku, a quarter, a part. Made use of in weighing gold. A quarter of a Spanish dollar in weight.
Suku, name of some old Hindu ruins found or the Gunung Lawu, East from Solo.
Sukur, Arabic, praise (of God). Thanks, acknowledgment, expression of gratitude. Marsden, page 199. God be thanked; so much the better. Sukur lamun datang, I shall be thankful if he comes.
Sul, Arabic, used in the composition of some names, is properly Zul. Zu, Arabic, Marsden, 141, having, possessed of, endowed with. Iskander Zu'l Kurnein, Alexander the two-horned. This Zu'l is more commonly converted into Dul, see Dulpakar, Dul-kahidah, Dulhaji.
Sul, the idiomatic expression for pushing or poking anything forward into view. Sul bai ka harĕup, forward he went in front. Sul bai wang pérak mayar, poking out the silver money he paid.
Sula, a spit, a pale, a stake. Sula, C. 761, a weapon, a pike, a dart; an iron pin or spit.
Sulah, bald in the front of the head, but with hair behind. Partially bald in front either naturally or by removing the hair a little on the forehead so as to show a fine brow as a mark of beauty.
Sulam, to replace seed in the ground where it has failed to come up. To replace any plants which have died out. To embroider, evidently conveys the same idea as the Sulam of plants, viz stitching here and there on cloth.
Sulangkar, name of a small tree or bush. The wood is much used in the superstitious invocations of the natives, and many wonderful properties are attributed to it. It is also called Ki-tua or Ki-tuwa, or the old one, or perhaps rather the supernatural one, as Tuwa is the Malay for old, and not Sunda, which represents old by Kolot. See Tuwa. The Sulangkar is the Lela Sambucina of botany. It has berries somewhat like the elder-tree in Europe, and hence Sambucina.
Sulap, to juggle, to perform sleight of hand. To do acts of legerdemain. Sulabha, C. 755. Su, easy. Labha, acquiring, easy, feasible, attainable. Tukang sulap, a juggler.
Sulatri, name of a tree, Apoterium Sulatri. From the small round fruits an oil may be expressed.
Suling, a musical pipe, a flute. Tiyup suling, to blow a pipe, to play on a flute.
Sultan, Arabic, a sultan, a mohammedan prince.
Suluh, fire-wood. Sula, C. 755, a torch, a flambeau, a chool. Suluh in Malay, Marsden 193, a link, a torch (usually made of the bark of trees, narrow slips of bambu, or leaves of the cocoa-nut fastened together).
Sulur, a remplacent at work. A man sent by another to perform some public duty which was encumbent upon the sender.
Sumadang, name of one of the chief divisions of the Prianger Regencies, and also name of the chief town. The Um in this and the following words coming after the initial S is constructive, but the crude root cannot always be identified. It conveys an idea of similarity, of resemblance to what the word in its crude state implies. See Um voce,
Sumadar, spread out, laid out. Dagangan gĕus sumadar di warong, the articles of trade were spread out in the market. Sumadét, in trepidation, in anxiety.
Sumadi, rather than, sooner than. The worse of an alternative. Sumadi bunang anggur sia paih, sooner than get it, you are more likely to be killed.
Sumalaksa, to hide or conceal itself like an elf or evil genius wishing to do man some harm.
Sumalampir, to conceal itself as an evil genius which is troublesome to man.
Samang'at, happy, prosperous, successful, in abundance. Plenty, especially said of paddy, fruits or something to eat. Eukĕur sumang'at bubuwahan, at a time when fruit is in plenty. Eukĕur sumang'at lauk, at a time when fish is in abundance.
Sumanggah, perfectly right, very good. An expression of acquiescence and approbation. Probably derived from Sumangala, C. 751, from Su, good, and Mangala, auspicious: very fortunate, very auspicious.
Sumatra, the island so called by Europeans. The island is not so known by any natives, either on the island itself or on Java, and yet Europeans appear to have learnt that name from natives, when they first visited the East. Natives do not appear to have any general name, now adays at least, for the whole country, but designate its various parts, as Lampung, Bangkahulu, Aché &c. &c. The natives of India called it of old Jawa, as well as the island which we call Java. At Singapore, to this day, they call the wind blowing from Sumatra, angin Jawa. Amongst other derivations may be suggested the following. Of the two Jawas which the Indians found on arriving from the Continent, distinguished by Marco Polo, most probably after a method in use in his day, amongst Indian navigators, as Java minor, and Java major, the minor or Sumatra is the more northern, and lesser distant Java from India, though as a country it is far greater in size than the Java of the present day. Uttara, C. 76, means the North, northern, this with the constructive Sa, which is of such frequent occurrence, and is an abbreviation of Saha, C. 721 , a particle and prefix signifying union, association, with, together, — would give Sa-uttara; between these two words has been inserted the peculiar um which see, and hence Sa-um-uttara = Sumatra , in a similar way that in Sunda, Jumarum is derived from Jarum, Tumbak from Tĕuwĕuk, Tumorék from Torék. And hence Sumatra would denote — „ the Northerly one", the northerly Island. Or it may come from Su, C. 742, good, well. Matra C. 536, the whole, only, solely, exclusive and identical. Sumatra = entirely good, exclusively good, — from the rich luxuriant vegetation which the natives of India would every where find, and so very different from the parched up coasts of Coromandel, whence they probably came.
Sumaut, said of certain fruits, as Mangoes, which have reached their full size, but are not yet properly ripe.
Sumba, the name of the island called in the maps Sandalwood. Noted for its good breed of horses.
Sumbang, out of time. Not keeping tune or intonation in singing or in instrument playing.
Sumbat, worth while, worth the trouble. Getting something to reward your labour or trouble. Sumbat mělak jajong, it is worth while to plant maize. Have been amply rewarded by planting maize. Nyambut sawah sahěutik to sumbat nyéwa kěbo, to work a small sawah it will not pay to hire buffaloes.
Sumbawa, the third great island east from Java. Sambhawa, C. 713, from Sam, intensive, Bhawa, being, cause, origin, motive; birth, production. This name may have been given by the Hindu colonists on Bali and Lambok, to denote its being an island still further towards the rising sun. Bima at the east-end of Sumbawa looks like the Hindu Bima, a name for Siwa, vide voce. Little stress in laid on the vowel u, and it may without any violence be written Sumbawa.
Sumbeng, uncomfortable in the body or in the head as if of incipient disease. Warm in the head, and a little out of order as is often the case with children.
Sumběr, occurs in the composition of some names of places in East Java, where it means spring, fountain.
Sumbi, a small stick or bit of bambu in the native weaving loom, of length of the breadth of the web. It has a needle or pin fixed in each end, and is used in front of the Hapit, to keep the cloth at its proper breadth whilst weaving. This instrument is also called Sěungkěur.
Sumbing, a high mountain in central Java in Kadu, high nearly 11.000 feet. It is the twin-brother of the Sindoro.
Sumbu, the wick of a lamp or candle. See Dělěs and Pasumbon.
Sumbul, a basket made of split bambu, square at bottom, and high about eight inches, fitted with a cover. It is round at top and much larger than at the bottom. Such baskets, amongst other general purposes, are used for holding boiled rice, from which the people help themselves. When such a basket has no cover, it is called Boboko.
Sumbung, name of a plant, Conyza Graveolens. The same as Chapěuh.
Sumbur, to blow and spit out when performing Jampé or incantation. On such occasions the Dukun or doctor chews some sěurěuh mixed with a bit of Panglai, and then muttering a prayer, blows the contents of the mouth upon the sore place on the patient, which is thought to be a very efficacious remedy. It need hardly be said that faith has a great deal to do with such cures.
Suměnap, name of a sovereignty on the east end of the island of Madura.
Suméntor, in case of, for fear of (heard in Jampés).
Suměurěuh, better than usual, propitious, advantageous.
Sumidu, to hiccup. In Malay the word is Sédu, Marsden 165, to hiccup, to sob. Obstructed respiration. In the Sunda word the peculiar Um is interposed, which denotes continuity.
Sumihung, said of paddy-seed in the ground, which is swollen and about to burst the husk. In all probability derived from Sihung or Siyung, the eye-teeth or tusks of an animal. Sumihung is thus, showing with tusks. Sumpah, to swear, to take an oath. Probably derived from Sapa, C. 705, an oath, an imprecation, a curse. Made a verb by the insertion of the peculiar Um. Or it may be derived from Su; C. 752, good, reverence. Pata, C. 354, a leaf, the leaf of a book. The Hindu scriptures were written on palm-leaves, and on them, or by them, oaths may have been taken. In Javanese and Madurese, Supata is an oath, a vow. To swear, to vow.
Sumpahan, to administer an oath. To put to the test of an oath.
Sumpěl, to stop, to stop up, as the mouth of any aperture, the mouth of a bottle for instance. A stopple, a pledget, a cork, a bung, a plug. Lodong na di sumpět ku daun, the bambu water-holder was stuffed up with leaves, (to prevent the water from running out). Sumpěl is any wisp of leaves or other light matter to stuff into any vessel or aperture.
Sumping, a head-ornament. Any ornament worn about the head, especially when stuck into the hair, as a flower stuck in behind the ear.
Sumping, to come, to arrive. Said of a high personage.
Sumpit, to blow small arrows, headed with a bit of cotton, through a hollow bambu cane, with which to kill birds.
Sumpitan, the instrument used for blowing arrows. A blow-pipe. This instrument was probably formerly used extensive in ancient Java, as it now even exists, in common use, among the rude inhabitants of Borneo and Celebes. In Java it is, now a days, only a child's play thing.
Sumpur, name of a forest-tree with hard, heavy, reddish wood. Colbertia Obovata. This tree casts its leaves entirely before the new ones make their appearance, and when so devoid of leaves, the flowers show themselves in plenty. They are light yellow. The natives say that the wood of this tree turns to stone, and hence fossil wood, which is very plentiful all over Jasinga and South Bantam is called Batu sumpur. But, notwithstanding what the natives says, the process of fossilization does not appear to be going on.
Sumpur-chai, name of a tree, Capellia Macrocarpa.
Sumputkěn, to hide, to conceal anything, to secrete.
Sumsum, the marrow. The matter inside the bones.
Sumuhun, to submit, willing to obey. An humble expression, whereby the speaker intimates his willingness to comply with orders. Most obediently. Probably a plural form of Suhun, to carry on the top of the head.
Sumur, a well, a place where water naturally rises out of the ground, and is seldom deep, but mostly in the shape of a pool. Origin: Sur, idiomatic expression of shoving along, from the water in a well shoving itself out or oozing, with the peculiar Um interposed, to denote continuity or action.
Sunan, a sultan, an emperor. A title given to the first Mahomedan missionaries who were Arabs. Probably derived from Suhun, to carry on the head. See Susuhunan. Sunat, Arabic, what is authorized or allowed. Actions meritorious though not obligatory. Sambayang sunat, prayers of super-erogation.
Sunat, Arabic, circumcision. Sagala islam kudu di sunatan, all Mahomedans must be circumcised.
Sunda, the Western half of the island called by Europeans generally Java. It extends from Java Head to, and includes the residency of Cheribon, as distinct from the Eastern half of the island, which is Jawa or Java properly so called, and on the island itself always meant, when Java is spoken of. Sunda may be derived from the Sunda word Tunda, to set aside, to put by, and Sa or Saha, Clough, 722, a particle and prefix signifying union, association, with, together. In Sunda Sa in the composition of words means also having the property of. The words Saha and Sa and Tunda are contracted into Sa-unda or Sunda, a place of deposit, an entrepot. Hence there is also the word Tundan, to carry by stages, to transport by corvées from one place to another. Sonda, C. 765, is good, excellent, delightful, pleasing, agreeable. There is also Sundara, C. 749, handsome, beautiful, elegant; well, excellent,—which would give a Sanscrit etymon for the word , as many other islands in these parts also possess. The Sunda-country would well merit the title of delightful, pleasing, agreeable, in the eyes of the people of Coromandel, either from coming from a coast comparatively barren and treeless, or from having successfully performed a long sea-voyage, and meeting with a country that teamed with vegetation to the very brink of the waves. Sundara, C. 759, handsome, beautiful, elegant. Hence Sundarā, a name of Kama, the god of love = the handsome one. Sundari, a handsome woman. In the Prianger Kegencies, south of Bandong, is a Chi Sondari. The natives of India, coming from the droughty coasts of Coromandel, would be struck with the beauty of the ever-verdant plains and mountains of Java. One of the wives of Silawangi of Pajajaran was called Nyai Mantri Manék Mayang Sunda, Raffles, Java, 2 vol., page 104, which may be translated, her ladyship the counsellor, the beautiful gem of illusion, or her ladyship of the counsellor, the gem of illusion of Sunda. In Pantuns occurs the name of Kěntrik Manik Mayang Sunda, as the heroine of a romantic story. I feel rather inclined to derive Sunda from Tunda: in the Sunda language, to set aside, to put in deposit, so that it may be found and taken here after, and Saha or Sa-Tunda = Sa-unda, would imply a place of deposit, or, as we would call it now a days, an entrepot. I would imagine that this name was given to the West-end of Java, from the natives of the islands having been in the habit of bringing the spices of the Moluccos, and the produce of the Archipelago generally, to this place to meet the traders from the continent of India. Just outside of the bay of Bantam, there is even now an island called Pulo Tunda. Deposit island, sometimes also called Pulo Babi or Hog island. The suitableness of the position for the ancient trade of the country is proved from the prosperity of the old town of Bantam at a subsequent period and up to the arrival of Europeans round the Cape of Good Hope. Boja Nagara, the country about St. Nicholas Point, may have got that name from having been the „Subsistance of the land," which it implies, and affording the necessaries of life to the numerous foreign traders. Séngyang Para, literally „the Holy divinity's gateway," or, as it is called in English maps „Thawt the way," is a real gateway for navigators who came down the coast of Sumatra. Palo Rakata, which Europeans have transmogrified into „Cockatoa Island," may be a Polynesian way of pronouncing Rakta, C. 578, dyed, tinged, coloured, stained, red, of a red colour, blood-vermilion The island is now-a-days rather green than red, but it is high and peaked, and may in ancient times have been an active volcano, when it would merit the name of red, or colour of blood. The seat of trade, in course of time, was removed further into the Java Sea, and, before the arrival of Europeans, was established at Sunda kalapa = the Hidden depot, where subsequently the Dutch founded the present town of Batavia, but which the Chinese, to this day, call Kalapa, after its ancient designation. In Malay no two consonants come together, unless one of them be a liquid or a nasal (CRAWFURD's Malay Grammar, Dissertation, page 19), thus Rakata may be the Malay way of pronouncing Rakta.
Sunda Kalapa, the old name of a place not far from where the town of Batavia now stands. The Chinese still call Batavia, Kalapa, after this original name, which has been preserved by this people, though forgotten by even the native inhabitants of the country. The supposed meaning of Sunda has been given above. Kalapa is secret, hidden, out of sight. Vide voce. And thus Sunda Kalapa may, in early times, have meant a secret place of deposit or a depot for the traders from continental India, to collect their goods and rendez-vous before leaving in a fleet, to proceed up the coast of Sumatra, and then cross the Bay of Bengal on their way home. The Sunda people have a tradition that Europeans first showed themselves at Nusa Kalapa, a small island lying off the mouth of the Chidani river, and thus a little to the westward of the present town of Batavia. This may have been at Onrust or one of the adjoining islands. See RAFFLES, vol. 1, page 23 of Introduction. It is rather remarkable that this spot, the mouth of the Chidani river, is still called „Untung Jawa" : the prosperity of Java.
Sundal, a prostitute, a whore, a woman of bad fame. This word is occasionally used, though Lonté is more frequent. Chandala, C. 193 and 196, is most likely the etymon of the Sunda and Malay word Sundal. CLOUGH gives at page 193: Chandala is a kind of generic name for a man of the lowest caste, properly an outcast, a mean, low, vile fellow; a sort of mischievous demon-like wretch, one ready to execute any vile or mischievous act.
Sundal, name of a plant with pretty, sweet, white flower, much worn in women's hair. Polyanthcs Tuberosa, or tuberose. Called in Malay Sundal malam or Sédap malam.
Sunděk, inconveniently low. A place which you have difficulty to pass under. Sunděk amat lawang na, that door is very inconveniently low (you cannot get in without knocking your head against the lintel). Sunduk, a cross-beam or bar in a house or building composed of wood. A cross-beam between upright posts of a building, on which the beams of the floor rest.
Sundul, sticking up; bulging out, projecting.
Sundung, two pieces of frame-work made of light bambus, connected by a carrying stick , which rests upon the shoulders. Such Sundungs are used every where by grass-cutters for carrying their grass. A bambu frame-work for carrying grass.
Sundut, to set on fire. To put fire to.
Sungké, name of a tree which grows easily from cuttings, and thus much used for fences.
Sungked, same as Sĕngkud, to hurry on, to hasten.
Sungkur, to pute the head under and toss as a bull does. To grub in the earth as a pig with its snout. To break open as an animal would do with its head. To shove or ram in. To toss or poke into with the head.
Sunglap, the same as Sulap, which see. To juggle. To do sleights of hand.
Sungsang, a jacket without sleeves or buttons.
Sungsangkĕn, to set aslew. To put at some angle with some other object.
Sungsuhunan, the ridge-pole of a house. Apparently also derived from Suhun, to carry on the head.
Sung'ut, the mouth of man or beast. An aperture in anything. Di bĕubĕutkĕn ka na Sung'ut na, he dashed it against his mouth. Hasupkĕn ka jero sung'ut na, put it into his mouth. Loba tĕuyn sung'ut, too much jaw! too much cheek! ——Sung'ut kunchi, a key-hole. Sung'ut bĕdil, the mouth of a gun.
Sunting, to deck the ears with flowers or other ornaments. The ornaments so used.
Sup, the idiomatic expression of going in, or putting in. Into. Sup lĕuwĕung di hasupan, into the forest he entered. Sup bai di chochokan, putting it in, he stuffed it up. The etymon of hasup, to go in; come in.
Supa, champignons growing on logs of wood or fallen trees. There is a great variety of Supa in the forests among the mountains, many of which are eaten by the natives, and of which Supa béas, or rice-champignon is perhaps the best, being a small round white mushroom. Several of the supa, however, are poisonous.
Supa lumar, a variety of champignon growing on rotten trees, in the forests among the mountains, which is phosphorescent in the dark, shining like the glow-worm.
Supaya, in order that, so that, to the end that. But on consideration. Supaya mĕunang, in order to get it. As long as you get it. Supaya hadé, as long as it is good. In order that it may be good. Jadi na gĕus di janji, supaya ayĕunah to di bere, just now I promised it, but on consideration I cannot give it.
Supit, narrow, wanting room, confined. Jalan na supit tĕuyn, the road is too narrow.
Suprah, a day in an ancient week corresponding to Friday. See Dité. This word is different from the one usually employed in Ceylon, which is 'Sikurada, from Si- kura, C. 730, the planet Venus. Our Sunda word is, however, a corruption of Sukra, C. 743, the planet Venus, or its regent, the preceptor of the daity as, or enemies of the gods. Sur, the idiomatic expression of shoving along with some degree of force. It is in a higher degree, what Sĕr is in a smaller one. Sur bai di gusur, he trailed him along the ground.
Sur, Arabic, the zodiacal sign Taurus.
Sura, the word occurs often in the composition of proper names. sura, C. 752, from Sura, to shine, to be radiant. A god, a deity, the sun; a sage, a learned man; power, majesty, dignity, auspiciousness. In Java Sura generally is taken for a hero, a brave man.
Surabaya, the capital of the east-end of Java, in the straits of Madura, and name of an extensive residency. Sura, vide voce, or Suru, C. 754, a warrior, a hero. Bhaya, C. 488, fear, terror, dread, alarm. Sura-baya, God-fear, hero-fear, fearful on account of the gods who protect it, or the heroes who defend it, or the fear of heroes who would attack it.
Surabi, name of a variety of Kuéh or native cake, made of rice-flour.
Surah, Arabic, a section of the Koran.
Surah, the purport of a dream. The meaning of an expression which is not self-evident. A paragraph conveying some distinct meaning.
Surak, to cry out aloud, to shout. An acclamation of joy or victory.
Surakan, to shout, to any one, by way of warning, or tauntingly.
Surakarta, the capital of the emperor of Java, who is usually called the Susunan. Sura vide voce. Karta or Kĕrta, done, accomplished. Triumphant and accomplished. Generally called Surakarta adhi ning rat. Adhi, C. 24, over, above, implying superiority in place, quantity, quality. Ning, of the, Rat for Rata, C. 581, a country, a district, an inhabited country. Thus, triumphant and accomplished, the fore-most place in the land. Also called simply Solo. Kĕrta also means peace, tranquility, and Sura-karta may thus also be: a hero in peace.
Suralaya, Clough 754, from Sura, a deity, or Surâ, spirits, and Alaya, abode. The sacred mountain Méru; the extremity of the world’s axis, and rehidence of the gods. Swarga or paradise. The highest top of the Unarang mountain, inland of Samarang, is so called.
Suraléh, name of a tree, also called Kapidĕngklung, which see.
Surambi, a porch, a portico, a covered gallery. A vestibule. The vestibule of the mosque, or a place built as an appendage to a mosque for the purpose of holding courts on religious matters, or of gathering together to study the koran.
Surat, a writing, anything written. A letter sent by post. Marsden, page, 191 reports this word as Arabic, but this origin may be fairly doubted, as it will admit of a Polynesian solution. Urat is a vein, a sinew, a fibre, whence it probably derived the word Gurat, to make a mark on any hard substance, as by engraving. Hence we have Gurat Batu, literally: engraven on stone, meaning figuratively any fixed tax or contribution, as if it had been registered on stone, and thus immutable. This word, with the very common prefix Saha, and short sa, by means of, would easily elide into into Sa-urat = Surat, what was engraved. Now at early periods of civilization in the Archipelago, very likely before paper was known, the people wrote generally upon slips of bambu with a style or pointed knife, which is the case, till the present moment, with the Battas of Sumatra, and some Dayaks on Borneo. The lontar-leaf was then probably even less known, than at later periodsh or only known along the sea-board, where it grows best. To this moment sometimes the Sunda mountaineers scratch a bit of fresh green bambu with a sharp pointed knife and in Arabic characters when better writing materials fail them. The word Surat, altered to Suratra, also exist in the Malagasi of Madagascar, and means not only writing, but also painting. This Crawfurd, in his Dissertation, page 157, considers as of Arabic origin. The word Surat, when it assumes the verbal form becomes in Sunda Nyurat, Nyuratan, when the intitial Sa is dropped. In Sunda also occurs the word Sěrat, stripes, lines, as in a drawing, and this appears to be a diminutive form of the word Surat. So also we have in Sunda the word Chěrét, to write, or more properly to scribble, indicative of the rapid motion of any writing materials. The Arabs however, have a word nearly resembling our Surat in Sirat, a written document, a manuscript, examples of which are Sirat Wackidi, Sirat Tabari, and Sirat Hishami different Arab manuscripts regarding Mahomet. See Calcutta Review, March 1854, page 75.
Surat or Awi surat, the written bambu, from having longitudinal stripes between the joints along the tube. It resembles the awi gědé.
Surawung, an herb planted in the humahs and also in the gardens of the natives. Bears a fine pin-head like seed. Called in Malay Kamang'i. The leaves have a sweet-scented smell when pressed between the fingers, something resembling pepper-mint; used in native cookery. It is the Ocymum Monachorum of the family of Labiatae.
Surěm, obscure, dark, dimmed, sullied.
Surén, name of a forest-tree, Cedrela Febrifuga; a substitute for Peruvian bark can be prepared from it. The wood is much used for the panels of carriages, and the Manilla segar-boxes are made also from its wood, which is red.
Surga, Heaven, the abode of the blessed, Swarga, C, 782, the paradise of Indra on the top of Maha Méru, and the residence of deified mortals and the gods.
Suri, a queen, a woman of high rank. See Permaisuri.
Suri, a variety of cucumber which is of rather a globular shape and called Bonténg Suri.
Suri, the sisir of the native loom, so called about Buitenzorg. Vide Sisir.
Surili, name of a variety of monkey wild in the Sunda forests and very shy. It is greyish black, with a white mark under the chin on the breast.
Surubuk, manure; any dung or other matter, as soot or ashes, laid on the ground to improve it.
Surud, the ebb, the ebbing of the tide of the sea, or the going down of a flood in the rivers. Cha-ah na gěus surud, the flood has gone down. Surudum, wrapped up in the Samping or Sarung by having it drawn over the shoulders and up close about the neck, so that the sarung covers the whole upper body. The sarung is so used when the wearer is cold.
Surung and Surungken, to shove, to push. Di surung ka gawir, he shoved him to the precipice. Surungkěn ka jěro, push it in.
Surup, to go down as the sun, to set; to be absorbed. Mata poi gěus surup, the sun has set. Chai surup ka jěro, the water is absorbed.
Surup-surup, to gain secret information, to ascertain on the sly.
Suruwasa, a district in the interior of Central Sumatra, containing the old capital of Menangkabau. Suru, C. 754, a warrior, a hero. Brave, heroic, intrepid. Wasa, C. 640, a house, a habitation, a site, or situation. The abode of heroes.
Surya, the sun, used in the composition of proper names. The colloquial word for the sun being Mata poi. Derived from Sura, C. 752, to shine. Surya, what shines, the sun. Surya, C. 760 , the sun. The Ur in Surya resembles the Polynesian Ur in Timur,—see Ur,—and would give then Sa-ur-ya, that which comes forth. On Bali, Surya holds equal rank with Siwa. Friederich.
Susah, inward trouble, disquietude, distress, anxiety. Troubled, troublesome, difficult to accomplish. Inconvenient.
Susahan and Susahkěn, to give trouble, to cause distress, to annoy, to incommode.
Susu, the breast. The nipples on the breast of man or woman, a dug, a teat. U at the Marquesas and Sandwich Islands is teat, a woman's breast, milk. Mosblech's vocabulary. U in the Maori of New Zealand is „the breast of a female.” Crawfurd, Dissertation, page 141. It has this meaning in more languages of the Pacific, and is evidently duplicated with the prefix Sa in Sunda, Sa-u Sa-u = Susu. This is also the case in Malay and other languages of the Archipelago. The duplication being a method of expressing intensitiveness, which occurs also in other instances. Susu or Chisusu, water of the nipples, is the usual expression for milk.
Susu, a small monovalve shellfish common in the mountain streams, Melania. There are also Susu on the rocks on the sea-shore, which are Nerita.
Susuan, to give suck. To take an infant to the breast for the purpose of sucking.
Susudu or Susuduk, anything used by way of a spoon or laddie. A piece of stiff cocoa-nut-leaf bent in a channel, with which to poke at any soft object and help yourself to a portion.
Susugu, food, aliment, provisions, the necessaries of life,—supplied to strangers, public officials or visiters, also to people employed on any work. Susugu na hadé, he gave good cheer.
Susuhunan, title of the emperor of Solo. May be derived from Suhun, to carry on the head. Called also sometimes Sunan. In the Indisch Magazijn, tweede twaalftal, nos. 5 and 6, page 186, is found that Susuhunan, also Sunnan, is derived from the word Suhun, which implies reverence; Nyuhun, to reverence; Sinuhun, to be reverenced. Susuhunan, contracted into Sunnan, implies the object of reverence, or the revered. This title was given by the Javanese to the Arabian teachers and leading men, who first came to Java and taught Mahomedanism. The title was afterwards transferred to their successors and to the princes of Mataram, who, after the fashion of every Mahomedan government, are placed at the head of all matters belonging either to spiritual or temporal affairs. This name has been retained, till the present day, for the emperor of Surakarta or Solo.
Susuitan, the same as Suitan, which see.
Susuk, a conical basket made of split bambu, without any bottom. It is set down in water or marshy places, and the fish which it may have enclosed are groped out, by passing the arm down through a small hole at the apex of the basket.
Susuk, to cut a canal. To cut or make a water-course. Gěus di susuk, a canal has been made.
Susukan, a canal, a water-course, an artificial water-course. See Susuk.
Susul, to run after, to go in quest of, to pursue. To trace, to chase. Ari di susul to kabědag, and when you give chase, you cannot come up with him. Di susul datang ka pěuting, we pursued him till night came on. Susul lachak, to trace footmarks. Susul kěbo, to go in quest of a buffaloe (which has gone astray or been stolen).
Susun, to pile up, to set one upon another. In sets, in layers. Compound, double as flowers. Bala kudu di susun, you must pile up those bricks. Mělati susun, a double melati-flower. Kakénchéng sa susun, a nest of cooking-pots.
Susuri, the mane of a horse.
Susut, to rub, to scrub, to wipe. Méja kudu di susut, the table must be rubbed.
Susutan, to wipe. To track as a dog by rubbing its nose along the ground or grass. To rub the nose against another person's face, as in making love.
Suta, occurs in proper names, as Suta Wijaya. Suta, C. 745, a son, a prince. C. 759, born, engendered; thus Suta Wijaya is the prosperous or successful son or prince. Suta Wikara, a name formerly given to the chiefs of Jasinga, which the people believe to have meant the monkey-son, from living in a mountainous and forest country. Wikara, can only mean monkey, figuratively from making gestures. See Wikara.
Sutra, silk. Kanti sutra, silk thread. Kain sutra, silk cloth. Sutra, C. 759, from Siwa, to sew, and tra, affinative; and I changed to U, or Su, to hear &c. A thread in general. The Hindus must thus have brought with them to the Archipelago silk thread, which, under their name of Sutra or thread, passed current for silk itself.
Su-ub, to well up as water. Said of water oozing through the ground.
Su-uk, another name for Kachang taněuh, Arachys Hypogaea.
Su-ung, a variety of Supa, which see. A fungus. The Su-ung also grow on old rotting logs or trees.
Suwapan, to feed a child, to stuff into an infants mouth. To bribe, to fee. Suwĕng, round pieces or rolls of tinsel stuck in the ear. See Subĕng.
Suwung, of no use. Not able to prevail, or do harm. Empty, void, vacant. Not at home. Not meeting.
Swasa or Suwasa, an allay of gold and copper, in much use. Suwasa, C. 757, the Elu form of Suwcarchaka, derived from Su, well, Warcha, to shine, and Ka affinitive. Gold. Brilliant.
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