A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature/שמם - שמן
שמם (b. h.) [to stand still,] to be astonished; to be waste. Tosef. Sot. XV, 10 וכ׳ וזרע ש׳ ישראל ונמצא and as a consequence Israel will be laid waste, and the seed of Abraham cease. Y. Bets. II, 6 1a top אותה ומצצא . פעם שוממת once he entered the Temple court and found it deserted; וכ׳ שהשימו . . בתיהם דשו (or ישמו) deserted be the homes of those who caused the house of our God to be laid waste; Y. Hag.II, 78a bot. שהישמו. Cant. R. to V, 5 שוממת המדינה ראה he (Cyrus) saw that the country was ruined. Y. Ber. IV, 8a והשוממה ההרוסה destroyed and deserted. Meg. III, 3 (ref. to Lev. XXVI, 31) . . . קדושתן שוממין (Y. ed. שומימין) they remain holy, even when they liie in ruins. Lam. R. introd. (R. Joh. 1) נפשי עלי שממה my soul within me is waste (mourns); a. fr. Pi. שמם to lay waste, ruin; to confound. Yalk. Prov. 959 משממו לאו ואם משמחוה זכה אם if a man is good, it (dreaming of wine) means joy to him, if not, it means confounding. -- Part. pass. משומם; f משוממת. Tosef. Keth. VII, 10 היא מש׳ (ed. Zuck. שעמומית) she (my daughter) is confused in her mind; v. שעמם, שעמומית. Hif. השם same. Gen. R. s. 26 (play on השם אנשי, Gen. VI, 4) שישום . . . ושהושבו העולם את שהשיבו they con- founded the world, and they were ruined (driven) out of the world, and caused the wold to be laid waste. Y, Bets. l. c.; Y. Hag. l. c., v. supra. Nif. נשם, Hof. הושם to be laid waste, ruined. Gen. R. l. c., v. supra. Sot. IX, 15; Cant. R. to II, 13 ישום והגבלן, v. גבלן. Y. Bets. l. c.; Y. Hag. l. c., v. supra. Hithpol. השתומם 1) to be astounded. Gen. R. s. 4, end (expl. שמים) הן מים של חן אש של . . . משתוממים ששהבריות men wonder at them, (asking) are they of fire? are they of water? - 2) to be waste, ruined. Kidd. 66a העולם והיה וכ׳ משתומם and the (Jewish) world was ruined (de- moralized), until Simon b. Sh. came and restored the Law &c. Sabb. 33a משתוממין והדרכים and the roads are desolate; a. e.
שמם ch. same. lthpa. אשתמם 1) to be desolate. Targ. Lam. IV, 5. -- 2) to be confounded, mad. Targ. ISam. XXI, 14 (h. text ויתהלל). tthhpol. אשתומם to be perplexed. Hull. 21a חדא כשעה א׳ (fr. Dan. IV, 16) he was perplexed for a moment (knew not what to answer).
שמם m. (preced.) confounded, demented. - Pl. שממין. Cant. R. to IV, 7.
שממה f. (b. h.; preced. wds.) waste, desolation. M. Kat. 17a, v. שששמתא. --- Pl. שממות, constr. שממות. Cant. R. to III, 4 (ref. to Is. XXI, 1) בא מדבר ש׳ דרך he (Nebuchad- nezzar) came by the way of the deserts of the wilder- ness. Lam. R. introd., end (in an obscure passage) מש׳ הארן from the deserts of the land.
שממי, שממית, שממיתא, ש׳, v. סממית סממיתא.
שמן I (b. h.) [to be smooth,] to be fat. Hif. השמין to grow fat, improve. Y. B. Kam. IX, beg. 6a' והשמינה כחושה גזל if he took forcibly a lean animal, and it grew fat (in his possession); Tosef. ib. VII, 17; Bab. ib. 65a; a. e. Hithpa. השתמן to become smooth, bright; to glisten. Gen. R. s. 34 משתבנת היא . . . שהוא כל the more he beats it (the flax), the more it will glisten; Yalk. ib. 95; Yalk. Ps. 654. Pi. שמן 1) (denom. of שמן) to oil. Men. 23a קומין וכ׳ ששמנו . . . the handful of the sinner's meal-offering on which he (the priest) put oil, . . has become unfit for the altar; Yalk. Lev. 41 4. -- 2) to smooth, level; ששש׳ בין to compromise to average. B. Mets. 87a . . . השוכר ביניהם משמנין if one hires a laborer, saying, I will pay you as much as one or two of the inhabitants of the place get he may pay him the lowest wages . ; the scholars say, you compromise between them, i. e. you make him pay the average wages. B. Bath.VII, 41.. . האומר וכ׳ ביניהם משמנין if one says to his neighbor, I sell thee one-half of my field (and one part is better than the other), we compromise between them, i. e. the field is divided into two portions of equal value, but the purchaser must take whichever portion the seller may assign to him; וכ׳ משמנין . . בדרום חציה if he says, I sell thee half of the field on the south side, we compromise between them, and he gets his portion on the south side; expl. ib. 107b משמנין לדמי . . we compromise' means according to value. Bekh. II, 6, sq. ביניהם משמנין we compromise between them, i. e. the priest takes the inferior of the twin animals, and the difference in value remains under litigation; e pl. ib. 18a ביניהן יהא שומן משמנין מהו m'shamm'nin means, the fat one (the difference of value) remains to be decid- ed &c., v. שומן.
שמן ch. same. thpa. אשתמן to grow fat. Gen. R. s. 2s זיל ליה אמר וכ׳ ומשתמן . . . ואש׳ he said to the bird, go and grow fat, and come again, and it went and grew fat, and came again; Yalk. Zeph. 566.
שמן II m., שמנה, שמי׳ . (b. h.; preced.) fat. rich. Keth. 61a ש׳ בשר fat meat. Pes. 42a. Hull. 45b גדי שמן Rashi (ed. שמינה גדי, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 8) a. fat kid. Y. B. Kam. IX, beg. 6a וכ׳ והכחישה ש׳ גזל iff he took by force a fat animal, and it became lean &c., v. שומן; a. fr. -- Pl. שמנים, שמי׳; שמנות, שמי׳. Gen. R. s. 66 מדאי יתיר ש׳ דגים exceedingly fat fish. Num. R. s. 16 ta אם ש׳ אם . . . whether its fruits are light or rich; ib. של אם ש׳ . . . צונמא, v. צונם; Tanh. Sh'lah 6; a. fr.
שמן m. (preced. wds.) 1) cream. Targ. O. Gen. XVIII, 8 (Y. שמין לוואי; h. text חמאה). Targ. Ps. LV, 22 דגיבנין ש׳ (h.textמחמאות). - 2) fat. Targ. Is. XXX, 23. Targ. Y. Gen. XVIII, 7 שמין. -- V. שומנא.
שמן m. (b. h.; preced. wds.) oil, fat. Sabb. II, 1 ש׳ שרפה oil of T'rumah which is condemned to be burnt on account of contamination; קיק ש׳, v. קיק. Ib. 2 דגים ש׳ fish-oil; אגוזים ש׳ nut-oil &c. Ib. 17b שמנן their oil, 201