An Etymological Dictionary of the Norn Language in Shetland/G

by Jakob Jakobsen

G.

gaat, sb., see galti, sb.

ga¹, ga’ [gā], sb., 1) mock-sun; “a ga’ afore de sun” is considered to portend bad weather. See gad¹, sb. 2) in the compd. “wadder [‘weather’]-ga’”, low, threatening, storm-charged cloud (Burra). — Prob. a shortening of *gall with dropped, final ll acc. to L.Sc. usage (see further under the foll. word). Cf. a) Da. dial. (Jut.) galle, gall, m., fragment of a rainbow (a portent of rough weather); b) Sw. dial. väder-gall, n., a storm-charged cloud.

ga², ga’ [gā], sb., hard piece in the centre of something, esp. hard spot in the middle of a potato; de taati [‘potato’] had a ga’ in him (U.). — ga’-knot = gall (gald)-knot, a firmly tied knot. — See further under gall (gald), adj., of which ga’ seems to be a shortening with dropped ll, acc. to L.Sc. usage (cf. e.g. ba’, ca’, fa’, ha’, wa’ = Eng. ball, call, fall, hall, wall).

ga³ [gā], sb., a hole; opening, see gad², sb.

gab [gāb], sb., 1) a gap; opening, esp. an open tract, a wind-swept place, noted down in the expr.: to stand i’ de g. o’ de wind, to stand in the mouth of the wind. Y., Fe. 2) idle talk, nonsense. — This form with a long a doubtless arises from O.N. gap, n., a) a gap, opening; b) idle talk, nonsense. On the other hand, gab [gab], with a short a, a gap, mouth, comm. in pl., gabs, in sense of sing. (had dy gabs!), may be partly O.N. gap, partly Eng. (and L.Sc.) gab (mouth). — Cf. *gaba, sb.

gab [gāb], vb., to be talkative. Y., Fe., Nmⁿ. (N.Roe). O.N. gapa, vb., to gape; also to shout; to spread gossip, No. and Sw. dial. gapa, vb., to chatter; L.Sc. gab, vb., id.

*gaba [gāba], sb., a cave, grotto. Appears freq. as a place-name, esp. in Nm. (see Shetl. Stedn. p. 95). Deriv. of O.N. gap, n., a gap, opening, Shetl. gab, sb.

*gabel [gābəl], sb., 1) a gable, end-wall; 2) a high, steep headland, formed like a gable. Now only as a place-name, e.g. Orknagabel (U^w.), also called “de gevel [gēvəl, ꬶɛvəl] o’ (de) Orka or Orki [ȯ‘rka, ȯ‘rki]” by the Unst fishermen. — The word is still used as a common noun in both senses in the form gevel [gɛvəl, ꬶɛvəl, gēvəl (ꬶēvəl)], which is L.Sc. gavel. — O.N. gafl, m., a) a gable; b) the extreme point of an island; c) as the name of headlands and mountains (rocky walls). L.Sc. gavel, sb., the gable of a house.

gaberslinker [gā·bərsle‘ŋ·kər], sb., a lazy, talkative person, going about spreading gossip. “gaber” and “slinker”, formed respectively from gab, vb., and slink, vb. (to go idly about).

gabet [gābət], adj., talkative; tattling; a g. body. N.Roe. No. gaputt, adj., flippant. See gab, vb.

gabi [gābi], sb., a talkative, tattling person. N.Roe. *gapi; Icel. gapi, m., a tattler, hare-brained person, No. gape, m., a chatterer.

gabset [gabsət], adj., very talkative; prating, tattling. S.Sh. *gaps- from O.N. gap, n., gossip. For the derivative s cf. Sw. dial. gapsig, adj., boastful.

gabsi [gabsi], sb., a talkative person; a tattler. S.Sh. *gapsi. See prec. gabset, adj., and gabi, sb.

gad¹, gadd? [gad], sb., a mock-sun. U^n.-w., Yⁿ. gadd from *gall? Orig. uncertain. See ga¹, sb.

gad² [gad], sb., a hole; opening, esp. a hole in a potato. Fo. As a place-name occas. with a long a: de Gads [gāds] (Fo.), two fissures in a rock by the sea-shore. Gadastakk [gad··astak·] (Fo.), a skerry with an opening through it. A form “gat” is found in Barclay in sense of “anus”. — O.N. gat, n., a hole; opening.

gadd [gad], sb., a large nail, spike. O.N. gaddr, m., a spike; gad; goad; Icel. (Mod. Icel.) gaddr, m., a large nail.

*gaddwond [gadwənd], sb., a goad; stick for driving a plough-ox (partly also for preventing the ox from going too quickly) in ploughing. Nm^s. (Sullom). *gadd-vǫndr. O.N. gaddr, m., a spike; gad; goad; O.N. vǫndr, m., a wand; L.Sc. gadwand.

†gag [gag], sb., mire; mud; a porridge-like mass, esp. of too thick gruel or spoon-meat. N.Roe. Also L.Sc. dial. (gag, sb., a dirty mass, Banffshire), but may be of Norn orig. in Shetl. For the probable etym. of the word see gagl, and gogl, sbs.

†gag [gag], vb., to stir a porridge-like mass, to sit gagin in (atill) onyting. N.Roe. Also fig. to do work in the wrong way; occas. with object, e.g. to g. a fish, to gut a fish in the wrong way or clumsily (Ai.). See gag, sb., and gagl, sbs.

gagl [gag^əl, gagəl], sb., mire; mud; hotch-potch; a moist, soft mass; to be in a g. (of objects in a moist, decomposed state). Fig. = bungle; to mak’ a g. o’ onyting. Parallel form to gogl, sb.; q.v. O.N. gogli, m., mire; mud.

gal, sb., see gilgal.

galafer [gā··lafər·], sb., noisy, frolicsome mirth; gi’en [‘given’] to g.; fu’ [‘full’] o’ g.; to mak’ g. Fo., N.I. galfer [ga‘lfər]: Uⁿ., esp. in pl.: galfers; I can hear de galfers o’ dem. — No. galneferd, f., foolish behaviour; galnast and galna seg, vb., to play foolish tricks (O.N. galinn, adj., enchanted, No. galen, adj., mad; wild; unruly, etc.). For gala- cf. O.N. galaskapr, m., wildness; mirth.

galafert [gā··lafə‘rt·], adj., wild; frolicsome; a g. lass. Esh., Nm^w. Really a substantive and the same word as galafer; see prec.

galbou [galbåu], sb., hubbub; very noisy mirth; to mak’ or had [‘hold’] a g. Fe. The first part of the compd. is O.N. gal, n., bawling. The second part is uncertain; might be a shortening of O.N. *baul, n., bellowing — cf. gandigou under gandigoul, sb.

galder [galdər], sb., 1) a) noisy, foolish talk; chatter; nane [‘none’] o’ dy g.! der’r a g. upo dee de day, how you are chattering to-day! b) noisy mirth; often in pl.: de galders o’ de bairns [‘children’] (Nm.). 2) high, roaring wind; strong gust of wind; a g. o’ wind; fairly comm. 3) great uproar in the sea, a g. i’ de sea. — In senses 1 a, 2 and 3 also golder; q.v. — O.N. galdr, m., crowing, magic song, etc.; No. galder, m., a) witchcraft; b) roaring; O.N. gala, vb., to crow, also of wind: galandi landnyrðingr, a howling north-east wind.

galder [galdər], vb., 1) a) to speak in a loud, foolish manner; a galderin voice, a loud, penetrating voice; b) to laugh noisily and wildly. 2) of wind: to bluster. 3) of water: to rush; gush. — In senses 1 a, 2 and 3 also golder; q.v. — No. galdra, vb., to bawl; cry; also to practise witchcraft.

†galderi [gal··dəri·], sb., an empty, open buildingthrough which the wind blows; an open, draughty space. Mingling of galder, high wind, and Eng. gallery?

galder-squash [gal··dərskwaᶊ·], sb., noisy surf along the shore. Fo. A compd. of galder, sb. (meaning 3) and Eng. swash, sb.

*galdragon, *galdra-gon, sb., a sorceress; witch. The word is found in Sir Walter Scott’s novel “The Pirate” (the scene of which is laid in Shetland), and applied to a Shetl. soothsayer; prob. a word from Shetl. Norn. O.N. galdrakona, f., a sorceress (galdr, m., crowing; a magic song; witchcraft). — “kona” is preserved in Shetl. in the form kuna.

galdret [gal··dərət·], adj., blustering and noisy in talk; laughing wildly and frolicsomely; a g. body. *galdróttr. See galder, sb. and vb.

†galirant [gal·ira‘nt·], vb., to behave giddily, playing foolish tricks. Du.? The first part of the compd. gali- must be regarded as being similar to gala-, gal- in galafer (galfer), sb., frolics (O.N. galinn, No. galen, adj., mad; wild; unruly, etc.), and gal- in galbou, sb., noise; mirth. The second part, rant, is L.Sc. rant, vb., to be frolicsome in a noisy way. In the same sense as galirant is used galivant [gal·iva‘nt·], which is Eng. dial., L.Sc. and Irish-Eng. galivant, vb., to gad about; to jaunt; flirt; the meaning of this word has been changed in Shetl. with association of “galli-” to the root “gall”, mentioned above.

gal(j)ori, sb., see goller, sb.

gall [gäᶅ] and gald [gäᶅd], adj., hard; difficult; bad, intensive in certain exprs.: a) a g. knot, a knot, tied in a certain manner, difficult to loosen (N.Roe), also called “grani-knot”, tied reversely to the so-called “reef-knot”; the form “ga’ [gā]-knot” is now more common than “gall (gald)-knot”; b) a g. tief, a wicked, confirmed thief (N.Roe; U.?). — “gäil” is another form of pronunciation, developed from “gäᶅ”. — Cf. O.N. gallharðr, adj., hard as a stone, as well as gald, n., and galdr, m., hard, trampled snow, No. gald, m., hard or trampled ground, etc.

galti [ga‘lti (gⁱa‘lti, gä‘ᶅti)], sb., properly a hog (castrated boar); now comm. only as a nickname (occas. tabu-name, sea-term) or a pet-name for a pig, fatted pig. In various forms: a) galti: Fo. occas. [ga‘lti]; Wh. and L. [ga‘lti]; Esh., Nm^w. [gⁱa‘lti]; Uⁿ. [gä‘ᶅti] (in Uⁿ. esp. as a cry when calling the pig; see below “golti”); b) golti (golte): Nm. [gȯ‘ᶅti]; Sa. and Ai. [gȯ‘ᶅti]; N. [gȯⁱ‘lti, gȯ‘ᶅti]; U. [go‘lti, gȯ‘ᶅti]; Fo. [gå‘lti, gå‘lte]; c) golt: St. [gȯ‘ᶅt]. From Nm^w. golti is reported also as a tabu-name, sea-term for cod; in St. golt is used of a stupid person, esp. as an abusive term: stupid g.! — O.N. galti, galtr and gǫltr, m., a hog. — In sense of hog, gaat [gât, gāt] = L.Sc. gaut is now most comm. used. “gaat”, however, is found, e.g. in the N.I. (Fe.) in a special Norn sense, viz.: grassy clod of earth, accidentally sliced by the scythe in mowing (= skavin¹). With the latter, cf. No. galte, m., in sense of ground unmarked by the plough (R.), gras-galte, a small grass-plot in an arable field (Aa.). — galti and gaat are found in Shetl. as place-names, in names of skerries: a) de Galti [gä‘ᶅti] (Øja, Nm^w.); Fedderagalti [fɛd·əragä‘ᶅ·ti] or Galtistakk [ga‘l··tistak·], a skerry near the headland “de Fedder [fɛdər]”, west of the entrance to “Rønis Vo” (Nm^w.); Krabben Galti [krabən gä‘ᶅti] (Ennisf., Nm^w.); Galtastakk [ga‘l··tastak·] (W.Burr., Ai.); b) de Gaat (Fe., Vidlin Voe, L.), de Gaat o’ Broch, de Gaat o’ Skellister (N.) — a skerry at the edge of the water. Occas. c) gait-, golt- is found as the name of a hill, e.g. in the compd. “Golthul [gȯ‘ᶅtol]” (de Hogan o’ Fogrigert, Ai.): *galt-hóll. Cf. No. galt(e), used as the name of a mountain or skerry (N.G. I, p. 23). — See gilti (gølti), sb.

galtirigg [ga‘l··tirɩg·], sb., see getlarigg, sb.

gam [gam], vb., to make fun; du ’s [‘you are’] gamin noo. Y. No. gama, vb., to amuse, gamast, to joke. Cf. Eng. dial. game, vb.

gamari [gā·mari̇̄·], sb., wild, noisy mirth; loud talk and laugther; to had [‘hold’] or mak’ a g., to make noisy mirth, indulge in jesting. N.I. (U., Fe.). Wests. (Sa.). A compd., the first part of which is O.N. gaman, n., pleasure; amusement; the second part is prob. O.N. hríð, f., onset, attack, Shetl. ri.

*gammel [gaməl], adj., old, noted down in the phrase, “g. øl”, old ale. Uⁿ. *gambli [gambli] and *gamla, *gambla [gam(b)la] are found in the def. form in the masculine (O.N. gamli) in a song (sea-song) from Uⁿ. in a freq. repeated line: sagde kolle (kolla) gambli or gam(b)la [ᶊagdə kåᶅə (kɔᶅə, kåᶅa) g.], i.e.: said the old man (fellow), O.N. sagði karlinn gamli. — In place-names the word is occas. found in the def. form: de Gamla [gamla], also called by a more modern and translated name “de auld grund”, “the old ground”, a fishing-ground, visited by fishermen from Westing in Unst (U^w.). Further: Øje gamla [øjə gamla], a fishing-ground between Fetlar and Skerries: *iðan(?) gamla (O.N. iða, f., backward-running current, eddy, is found as a name of fishing-grounds; see Fr.). de Gamlabuls [gam··labūls·] or Gamlibøls [gam··libøls·] (Tumlin, Ai.): *gǫmlu ból; see bøl, sb. Gamla hellek [gamla hɛᶅək] (Fe^e.): *gamla hella; see hella, hellek, sb. Gamlastakk (U^w.), a detached rock, landmark by which to find the fishing-place, “de auld grund” (see prec.).

gams [ga‘ms], vb., to behave in a rude, reckless manner, making rough movements; he cam’ in gamsin (= bunksin), he entered in a rude manner (Du.): “shø [‘she’]’s gamsin aboot her, of a cow desiring the bull: it is becoming wild, running about, kicking, etc. (Nm.). — No. gamsa, vb., to joke; toy, esp. (acc. to R.) in a foolish, unbecoming manner; in a similar sense Sw. dial. gamsa, vb.; O.N. gemsa, vb., to behave wildly; to gibe; Da. dial. (Jut.) gamse, vb., to snatch; growl; bite.

gamset [ga‘msət], adj., having clumsy, ungraceful movements; throwing oneself about recklessly; a g. bein’. Du., Nm. *gamsóttr. No. gamsutt, adj., full of (frolicsome, wild) fun.

gan [gan, gān], vb., to stretch one’s neck, to crane, looking vacantly; to stand ganin op i’ de air; what is du ganin at me like yon? Also gon [gȯn]. Du [gan, gȯn]; elsewhere (in N.Sh. and on the Wests.) more comm.: gān. In Conn. “gān” is found also in sense of to stare in an insolent manner, to g. at onybody. — No. and Sw. dial. gana, vb., to stretch one’s neck, looking upwards.

gandaguster [gäᶇ··dagos·tər], ganderguster [gan·dərgos·tər] and gandigust [gaⁱn··dɩgost·, gäᶇ··di-], sb., a strong, sudden gust of wind, also a strong, sweeping wind; a storm, esp. of short duration. Uⁿ. (U^wg.: gäᶇ··dagos·tər). For the first part of the compd. see gander¹, sb.; for the second part see gust, guster, sb.

gander¹ [gandər], sb., 1) noisy, foolish talk; chatter; = galder, sb. 1; 2) a high, roaring wind; strong gust of wind, a g. o’ wind, = galder, sb. 2. U. Deriv. of O.N. gan, n., a gaping; shouting. For the meaning of Shetl. gander 2 cf. No. gona, f., a strong gust of wind (R.), from the root *gan (Icel. gana, vb., to rush onward).

gander² [gandər], sb., 1) a sudden feeling of powerlessness, nausea, sickness at heart; der’r a ill g. aboot my heart, I am sick at heart. Fo. Orig. prob. sickness caused by witchcraft; O.N. gandr, m., something used in witchcraft. 2) in the expr.: der’r a ill g. upo de fish, the fish will not bite, poss: the fish are bewitched, so that they will not bite. Fo. O.N. gandr, m., witchcraft. — Cf. gansel, ganser, sb.

gandigo [gan··digo·], sb., 1) noisy din, to mak’ or had [‘hold’] a g. (N.Roe?); — noisy dispute; blustering talk; loud complaint; nane [‘none’] o’ dy g.! Conn. 2) (strong) squall of wind with rain; heavy shower, a g. o’ rain. Esh., Nm^w. 3) violent spewing-, a sudden fit of vomiting; Conn. — For the first part of the compd. see gander¹, sb. The second part is prob. O.N. gauð, (n.?), a barking; scolding, No. gau(d), m., a barking; bawling. Cf. however the foll. word.

gandigoul, gandi-goul [gan··digåul·], sb., a powerful cry or yell; a burst of laughter or weeping; to come ut wi’ a g., to give a shout or yell, to burst into violent laughter or weeping. Also gandigou [gan··digåu·] with dropped l. Fo. For gandi- see gander¹, sb.; the second part, on account of the diphthong “ou”, is more prob. L.Sc. goul, sb., a yell; cry of indignation, than the syn. O.N. gaul, n., which in Shetl. regularly assumes the forms gjol and gøl. — From Nm^w. gandigou [gan··digåu·] is reported in sense of a loud outburst; boisterous talk; scolding, esp. by someone coming rushing along; he cam’ in wi’ a great gandigou, he came rushing into the house, telling news in a scolding voice, etc. This may be, either gandigoul with dropped l or a parallel form to gandigo; see the preceding word.

gandigust, sb., see gandaguster.

ganers [ganərs, gānərs], sb. pl., enlargement of the papillæ on the inside of a cow’s lips, now esp. a swelling of the inside of the lips, preventing the cow from chewing her food. “ganərs” and “gainərs”: N.Roe. A double pl. ending: O.N. -ir (-ar?) and Eng. -s. No. ganer, f., the inside of the lips of horned cattle. — gammers, pl., = ganners, pl., is found in E.D.D., given as Shetl. (“gammers”, doubtless acc. to L.Sc. gam, sb., a tooth, in Ork.: lips, mouth).

ganfer¹ [ga‘nfər (ga‘mfər, ga‘ɯfər)], sb., 1) a phenomenon in the sky, e.g. a mock-sun; a broken rainbow, portending bad weather; a g. (mock-sun) afore de sun (Y^h.: ga‘nfər); a g. (the stump of a rainbow) dandled ower de Papaland a’ [‘all’] day (Nm^w.: ga‘nfər, ga‘mfər, ga‘ɯfər). Also cold mist, indicating snow, a snawie [‘snowy’] g.; Nm^w. (Esh.). *van-ganfer [van·ga‘n·fər] (Ai.), a halo around the moon or sun, indicating rain (van: O.N. vatn, n., water). 2) a cracking sound in the atmosphere, from ancient times considered as an ominous portent; N.I. [ga‘nfər; ga‘ɯfər and ga‘nfər: Fe.]; corresponding to Fær. vábrestur (O.N. vábrestr, m., a sudden crash, followed by misfortune or causing consternation). — *gand-ferð; No. gandferd (gannfar), f., a company of witches or wicked spirits, imagined as riding through the air, syn. with O.N. gandreið, f., witches’ ride.

ganfer² [ga‘nfər, gānfər], sb., a ghost; also fig. of living human beings: a long, ghost-like person, a lang [‘long’] g. Nm. and Wests. [ga‘nfər]. S.Sh. occas. (Conn.; Sandw.) [gānfər]. From Nmⁿ. (N.Roe) the word is reported in sense of a person’s double, seen before noon. If one’s double is seen before noon, it is considered a sign of long life for the said person. The contrary of this is called one’s feiness [fæinɛs]; see fei, adj. From U^wg. is reported gamferi [ga‘m··fəri·], a great muckle g., in sense of a very big person. — *gagn-ferð or *gegn-ferð, f., really a haunting by ghosts. Sw. genfärd, f., Da. genfærd, n., a ghost.

gang [(gaŋ) gäŋ] and gjang [(gjaŋ) gjäŋ], sb., prop. a going; gait, noted down in the foll. senses and applications: 1) gang = geng: a) a passage; a thoroughfare; b) a floor (“that on which or over which one goes”); Fladab., Conn. 2) gjang: a) a turn; walk, esp. to the peat-bog in carrying home the dried peats on horseback, and comm. counting the journeys (pl. = sing.): ane, twaa, tree gjang, one, two, three journeys; foo [‘how’] mony [‘many’] gjang is [‘have’] de horses been at de “bank” for peats? hurro for my hoitin (or hidmost) gjang! hurrah for my last journey! U.; b) by change of meaning a: times in counting; ane, twaa, tree gjang, once, twice, three times; esp. when bringing the peats home from the hill; U. — O.N. gangr, m., and ganga, f., a going, walking, gang, n., a road; passage; L.Sc. gang, sb., a journey, etc. Cf. geng, sb. and vb., as well as gonge-, gjonge-, sb., and gjonger, sb.

gans [ga‘ns], vb., to handle a number of diff. objects in order to find something; to g. for a ting. Gulberwick, M. Stands for *hans from *handsa; see hons, vb.

gansel [ga‘nsəl], sb., 1) qualm; belching or vomiting; indisposition (esp. from over-eating or from indigestible food); to get de g.; Conn. 2) strange, repulsive, wizard-like manners and appearance; a ill g.; de(r) wer [‘there was’] a ill g. wi’ dat person, that person gave the impression of being concerned in (black) magic arts; Y^h. 3) (a strange) illness, supposed to be caused by magic; queer, confused behaviour; der’r [‘there is’] a ill g. come ower dem; Y^h. Sometimes 4) a violent attack of cold or other illness (Fe.? acc. to J.I.) and 5) a slight accident (Fe.? acc. to J.I.). — The word seems to be cognate with gander², sb., to which it partly assimilates in some of the senses here quoted (esp. in 1 and 3).

ganser [ga‘nsər], sb., an illness, supposed to be caused by magic, = gansel 3; to cast a ill g. ower ane. Yⁿ. Parallel form to gansel.

†gansi [ga‘nsi] and †ganzi [ganzi], sb., a woollen coat (opp. to swara, woollen vest as the inner clothing). Du. Also Eng. dial. (gansey: Yks. and Suf., acc. to E.D.D.).

†ganska [ga‘nska], adv., very well; quite well, etc., mostly as an exclamation. A word belonging to fishermen’s lang.; a tabu-word at sea. Da. ganske, adv., from Germ. (ganz, Ndl. gansch).

gant [ga‘nt], sb., an overgrown fellow; long (lanky) person, a lang g. Fairly comm. a (great) g. o’ a wife [‘woman’], a tall, slender woman (Fe.). — gantlin [ga‘ntlɩn] (Ai.) = gant; tall like a gantlin. — O.N. gandr, m., a stick; pole, No. gand, m., also: a tall, lean fellow; overgrown boy. — For the change nd > nt in Shetl. see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII) § 28. “gantlin” is prop. a dim. deriv. of “gant”.

gant (ganet) [gānt], adj., staring with outstretched neck; a g.-lookin’ craeter [‘creature’]. N.Roe. From gan, vb.

gantlin, sb., see gant, sb.

ganto, gantu, sb., see gongtag, gongtak, sb.

gan-tree [ga‘ntri], sb., one of the cross-beams binding the couples of a house. Barcl. Now comm.: twartbauk. gan- from O.N. “gagn” as the first part of the compd., denoting: a) through (gagnfløygr, adj., which can be flown through, gagnfœrr, adj., penetrating); b) towards; opposite.

gapi [gāpi], sb., a stupid, staring fellow; a gaby. U.? No. gape, m., a fool; blockhead. Prop. the same word as gabi, sb., but with somewhat diff. meaning. Cf. gapos, sb.

gapos [gāpȯs], sb., 1) a gossip. 2) a fool; blockhead. In meaning 1, the Shetl. word assimilates to O.N. gapuxi, m. (gap, n., a gap; babble; uxi, m., an ox); in meaning 2, now comm. used, it assimilates to L.Sc. gapus, sb.

gaps [gaps], adj., desirous of food; to be g. for a ting, anxious to get something (a certain kind of food); he is no [‘not’] g. for it, he does not care to get (to eat) it. Sa. Deriv. of O.N. gap, n., a gap; mouth. For the derived s cf. gabset, adj., and Sw. dial. gapsen, gapsig, adj., gaping, etc.

gap [gap]-stick, sb., fishermen’s sea-term, tabu-name for the so-called “kav(e)l (kavlin)-tree” or “pattel-tree”, with which the hook is taken out when the fish has swallowed it too far down, “gum-stick”, q.v., is another sea-term.

gar [gar], sb., decomposed mass; state of decomposition, to be in a g.; thick, muddy fluid or mixture; dregs, esp. of train-oil (Fo.); freq. of a mixture of meal (oat-meal) and water, used, e.g., as a poultice for a wound, boil or abscess; — a thin, raw, doughy mass (Fe.); de gruel is like g., the gruel is thick and badly made (N.Roe). Fig. of bungled work; to mak’ a g. o’ onyting [‘something’], to make a mess of a piece of work (De.). — Parallel form^{[errata 1]} to gor, sb.; q.v. — Cf. vatsgar², sb.

gar [gar, gār], vb., 1) to dredge; rake; mix, comm. with a short vowel [gar], 2) fig. to do a piece of work carelessly, freq. of spinning or knitting; du’s garin [gārɩn] in it, i’ de yarn (Conn.); to g. [gar] ower a ting, to work clumsily (Conn.). From gar, sb. See gor, sb.

gard [gard], sb., really an enclosure; fence, in this form now only found in sense of a halo around the sun or moon (portending rainy and stormy weather), sun-g., moon-g. Fo. Also gerd [gērd] (Fo.; Y^h.). O.N. garðr, m., a fence, No. vedergard, Fær. veðurgarður, m., a halo around the sun or moon. gerd might also be the form “gerði”, n., a deriv. of “garðr”. — With the same meaning as O.N. garðr (and gerði) are found some parallel forms to gard, viz.: gart, gert (comm. as the last syllable in place-names) and *gord (still used in some compds.). As the first part of compds., besides gor(d)-, are also found gar(d)-, ger(d)-; see gardbalk and gerd- balk, also gerdste, gerdsti = gordsta, gordste, gordsti.

gardbalk, -bolk [garbək, gärbək] and gerdbalk [gærbak, gērbak, -bek, ꬶɛrbak], sb., ridge of earth marking the boundary between two patches of arable land. gardbalk (-bolk): L. occas., and elsewhere; gerdbalk: Wh. and L. occas. [gærbak, ꬶɛrbak], Ai. and Du. [gærbak, -bək, gērbak (-bək)]. In L. (Skelbre) is found a form darbek [darbək], a corruption of “gardbalk”, meaning a big clod of earth. — *garðbalkr (-bǫlkr): O.N. (O.Norw.) garðbǫlkr, No. gardbolk, m., part of a fence; O.N. balkr. (bǫlkr), m., partition, (dividing) fence.

gari [gari], adj., applied to state of the weather: disagreeable, rainy weather (muddy under foot); a g. mornin’ (Fe.). From gar, sb.

garl, garel [garəl], vb., to dredge; to stir up a decomposed mass or thick fluid, porridge or doughy mass, etc., to g. in onyting [‘something’]. Yⁿ. l- deriv. of gar, vb.

*garm [gārm, gār^əm], sb., in the compd. “roffatu [rȯf··atu·]-g.”, used comparatively, denoting a person with untidy hair, esp. a woman; in the phrase: „like a r.-g.” Applied in threatening address to children (esp. girls): “Bairn, bairn! du is gaun [‘going’] aboot wi’ a head like r.-g.”. Kollafirt’, Nm. garm seems to have denoted a being with wild, dishevelled hair, etc. O.N. garmr, m., a fabulous animal; a dog, really the dog in the infernal regions, Cerberus (for “Garmr” from “Cerberus”, see S. Bugge, Studier I). No. garm, m., denotes a brake for preparing flax; acc. to Ross., decorated with a carved dog’s (or horse’s) head; in similar sense Sw. dial. gärma (garma), f. Icel. garmr, m., occas. denotes a good-for-nothing, occas. a worn-out garment (B.H.). — The first part roffatu (see ruffet), prob. denotes something tattered, dishevelled.

gart, gärt [gⁱä‘rt], sb., an enclosed, uncultivated patch of land (pasture) adjoining the village home-field (= gerdi); comm. in pl., garts, gärts, used collect. of all the enclosed plots of the village out-field, esp. of pastures for the cattle. Uⁿ. As a place-name is found Gart, Gärt [ga‘rt, gä‘rt, ꬶä‘rt] and occas. Garth, Gärth [gä‘rþ], used of an enclosure, enclosed pasture, esp. for cattle; comm. in collect. pl. As the second part, in names of farms (and villages) in sense of farm, occas. also in names of plots of land, the word assumes the form gert [ge‘rt, gə‘rt], written “garth“. See Sh. Stedn. pp. 95—96. — O.N. garðr, m., a fence; enclosure; farm. — Cf. gard, gord and gerdi¹, sbs.

garv [garv], vb., to work with one’s hands in a dirty mass, to grub, to g. among grav (refuse). U^wg. For *garm? (note arvi² = arm, sb.). See further gorm, vb. Deriv. of gar, gor, sbs. — The final v in garv might, however, be ancient; note No. gyrva, f., mass; mixture, as a parallel form to gyrma, f.

gas [gas], sb., a cold northerly wind; severe cold with wind, a g. o’ cauld [‘cold’]. Y^s. Cf. No. gasveder, n., cold, windy weather. — Diff. from gas is the form gast [gast], a g. o’ wind, a strong gust of wind; a violent squall of wind (Fe.), doubtless from L.Sc. gast, sb., = Eng. gust, sb.

gat¹, gaat [gāt], sb., clod of earth sliced offin mowing grass (Fe.); see under galti, sb.

gat² [gat], sb., see gad, sb.

gatabel [gat··ab·əl, gā··tab·əl], adj., in good condition and appearance; a g. fellow, ox, horse, sheep; mostly of swine; a g. (well-fed) swine; — g. taatis, good-looking potatoes. Y. and Fe. [gatebəl]; Du. [gātabəl. In Du. in a wider sense: particularly good; valuable; efficient, e.g.: he made dem a g. help, he rendered them valuable assistance. — Really, “quite to one’s mind and pleasure", and etym. to be classed with No. gjete, n., and gjetnad, m., mind; pleasure; content; in a similar sense Sw. dial. gät, n., gätning, f., gattne, n.; Sw. dial. gattna, vb., to like, to take pleasure in. O.N. getask, vb. impers., to take pleasure in, and getnaðr, m., pleasure.

gate, sb., see under goda, sb.

gavel, sb., see *gabel, sb.

gavlet, adj., see gevlet, adj.

gäikerl [gäi·kērl·, -kē·rəl, -kærl·], sb., 1) an ogress; sorceress 2) a tall, stout woman. comm. From Ai. are reported two old parallel forms: gøkerl [gø̄kærl] and gørkerl [gø̄^ərkærl]. As names of two detached rocks are found “de Kerl [kērl]” and “de Gäikerl [gäi·kērl·]” near “de Loch o’ Skellister”, N. — *gýg-kerling or *gýgjar-kerling; cf. Ork. gyre-carlin. O.N. gýgr, f., a sorceress; giantess. The second part kerl is hardly derived directly from O.N. kerling, f., a crone (acc. to regular Shetl. development, an orig. rl ought to give a softened l; see hokillin, sb.); the preserved rl is certainly due to infl. of L.Sc. carl (cairle), sb., (clumsy or old) man, and carlin, sb., an old woman. For gäi (gø, gør)- see further gør, sb.

gåfa [gååfa], sb., a gift, now only in a few — mostly ironical — phrases, such as: I’m gotten a g., I have got a fine gift; yon (dat) is a g., that is a fine gift (ironically). Skerries. Fe. O.N. gáfa, f., a gift.

gebi [gebi, ꬶebi] and gebek [gebək], sb., a short table-spoon, made of horn. comm. Also gibbi [gɩbi] and gibbek [gɩbək]. Icel. gepill, m., a broad, large spoon (B.H.), from “gap”.

geddek [gedək, ꬶedək] and giddek [gɩdək, ꬶɩdək], sb., a sand-eel, Ammodytes tobianus, Ammodytes lancea. U. nebbet [næbət] g., garfish (Uⁿ.), = honngel. O.N. gedda, f., a pike (fish). Cf. pitergiddek.

gefel, vb., see gevl, vb.

gega-piltek, sb., see gigga-piltek, kegga-piltek.

gel [gēl, gē^el, gel, gɛl (gæl)], sb., 1) a fissure in the ground. 2) a crack in wood (board, plank). O.N. geil, f., a cleft; narrow passage; also longish depression in the ground (cf. grasgeil, and No. geil 6 in R.); L.Sc. gell, sb., a crack in wood. The form “gēl (gē^əl)” and meaning 1 show that the word springs from O.N. geil; the forms with a short vowel may be due to L.Sc. infl.; the use of the word in meaning 2 is certainly due to L.Sc. infl.

gel [gēl (gē^əl), gel, gɛl (gæl)], vb., to form clefts or fissures, only noted in the perf. part. form geld, used passively: containing clefts or fissures; de eart’ is geld, there are clefts or fissures in the ground, de planks is a’ [‘are all’] geld, the planks are full of cracks. From gel, sb.

*“gelaegit”, adj., coloured, appl. to animals. Acc. to Edm. It has not been possible to verify this obs. word, “ae” prob. here denotes a close e as commonly in a long syllable in Edm., but occas. also to be found in a short one, e.g. “baessy-flaas”; see bis(s)ifla, sb. — The word might poss. be an ancient *g(a)litkaðr, coloured (O.N. litkaðr, adj., coloured, ruddy-cheeked, from litka, vb., to dye; sprinkle; stain). Several words with a preserved prefix g (ga) are found in Shetl. Norn; see gjoger¹, gloger, gold, sbs., goldet, adj., as well as “angaluck” (under andelokk, sb.) and ongastø, sb.

geld (gjeld) [ꬶē^əld, ꬶeld], sb., see deld, sb.

geld [gɛld, gæld, ꬶɛld], vb., to castrate, geld. O.N. gelda, vb., to geld.

†gelder, sb., see gilder.

geldin [(gɛldin, gældin) ꬶɛldin], sb., a wether. U. [ꬶɛldin]. O.N. geldingr, m., a eunuch; a wether; a bullock.

*geltlin, sb., see getlin.

geng [gɛŋ, gæŋ, gⁱɛŋ, ꬶɛŋ, ꬶæŋ], sb., 1) a going; gait, esp. in the exprs. “here [‘barley’]-g.”, “ait [‘oat’]-g.”, applied to the going of the mill: a) in grinding barley: more slowly (bere-g.); b) in grinding oats: more quickly (ait-g.); to set de mill till a bere-g. or ait-g.; cf. (bere-, ait-) lag¹, sb. 2) a thoroughfare, in the compd. “t’roughgeng”, thoroughfare; Du. [trɔw··gæŋ·]. 3) times; circuit; row; esp. a row of loops or stitches round or across something knitted or plaited (stockings; shawls; mats; baskets, etc.); a g. o’ loops; to mak’ a g. upon a sock, hap (shawl), flakki (mat), kessi (basket). 4) one of the bands (comm. made of rush or bentgrass), crossing round a kessi, plaited between the straw-bands, = band. 5) a single row, dug by spade, across a cultivated patch of land; to set de g. (Ai.), to plant potatoes right across a cultivated patch of land, = to bet de roddek (Nm.). 6) a floor, = gang 1 b; Flad., Conn. — O.N. gangr, m., a going, walking, gang, n., a road, L.Sc. gang, sb., a passage; alley, etc. The developed vowel-sound “ɛ, æ”, in the Shetl. word, is prob. due to L.Sc. infl.; see under the verb geng.

geng [gɛŋ, gæŋ (gⁱɛŋ, ꬶɛŋ, ꬶæŋ)], vb., to go, O.N. ganga, L.Sc. gang, geng, vb., denotes both “to go” and “to walk”. The foll. meanings, orig. from Norn, may be noted: a) to swell; overflow, of water in a stream; de burn is gaun [‘going’]; b) to break heavily; to be in uproar, of the sea, esp. of surf on a sunken rock: de ba is gaun; see ba¹, sb.; c) of a current of air, sound-waves: to go; stream; roll; de grittin is gaun, the thunder is rolling; of the entrails, guts: to rumble; de dog’s guts is [‘are’] gaun. O.N. ganga, vb., inter alia, to flow; stream; also of sound-waves (lúðrar ganga, the trumpets are sounding); ganga 14 in Fr.; ganga yfir, to overflow; ganga upp, to increase, of wind and water (water in a river); cf. in the foll. Shetl. geng op and “geng ower”. Note also the use of geng in certain modes of exprs. such as: shø [‘she’] is sae [‘so’], at shø is gaun [‘going’] aboot, she is not quite well, but fairly well (really: she is well enough to go about); he is no gane [‘not gone’] to come, he will hardly come (N.I.), a gaun cauld, an infectious cold. — In phrases with preps. and advs.: “g. aboot”, in a special sense: of wind, to shift about or turn; to go about, — No. ganga um; cf. aboot-gaan, pres. part. and adj. — g. aff: a) to go off; pass away, = Fær. ganga av; b) to leave off; e.g. of mood, anger, hot temper, to g. aff o’ ane, = Fær. ganga av; c) to accomplish a heavy piece of work, e.g. de vor (the field-work in spring); rare; more comm. afgeng as a substantive (q.v.); d) to leave a surplus, — O.N. ganga af (meaning 5 in Fr.). — g. afore: a) to g. afore de hill, to descend the hill, slope (M.); cf. O.N. “(ganga) fyrir” in sense of (to go) over the edge (fyrir brekku, ofan fyrir brekkuna; see fyrir 2 in Fr.); b) to g. afore de craig [‘crag’] or sten, to fall (from the crag) into the sea (Uⁿ.), in Fo. with omission of the governed word: g. afore (understood: de “banks”, craig, etc.), to fall from the steep cliff or precipice (esp. in a fowling-cliff) and perish in the sea; in same sense Icel. ganga fyrir björg, Icel. and Fær. fara fyri(r) bakka; see afore, prep. and adv. — g. at, a) to set upon; to attack; to go at, O.N. ganga at; b) to set about doing something, O.N. ganga at; c) of wind: g. op or nort’ at, sooth at, to become northerly, southerly, see at, prep. — g. frae, a) to be taken from (as a part of something), to make an exception of, occas. = No. ganga fraa and Fær. ganga av (O.N. ganga frá, to part with or to be deprived of something); b) to die, of cattle (U^wg.), = g. till (O.N. ganga af, to go off, inter alia to die). — g. fram, see fram, adv. I 2. — g. op: a) to rise; b) of the sea near the shore, of surf: to heave, break high; the substantive uppgeng (q.v.) is more common; cf. O.N. ganga upp, of water (a stream): to increase, No. ganga upp; c) to come to an end, in perf. part. “gane op” = gane ut; see op, adv.; O.N. ganga upp, to use up; to be consumed; d) gane [‘gone’] op at, of wind; see prec. “g. at”. — g. ower: a) = geng op b, of the sea, surf (Conn.); cf. owergeng, sb.; b) to go beyond all bounds; go too far; dat or yon [‘that’] gengs ower; O.N. ganga yfir, inter alia, to exceed; surpass (meaning 4 in Fr.), to overflow the banks (meaning 7 in Fr.); cf. owergeng, vb.; c) to discuss; go over, Fær. ganga ivir. — g. till, to perish; to die, esp. of young, weak animals; I tink de calf or de lamb is gaun [‘going’] till, I think that the calf or lamb is going to die (U.); No. ganga til, inter alia, to perish; O.N. (Icel.) ganga til heljar, id. — g. togedder [‘together’], to settle (of a connection, agreement, compromise, etc.), = O.N. ganga saman. — g. under, a) to take a burden on one’s back, = Fær. ganga undir; b) to pledge oneself to something, to submit to, — O.N. ganga undir. — g. ut: a) (to go out) to begin the field-work in spring, de vor, to cultivate the ground in spring (Y^b.); b) to come to an end or to be worn out; de (corn-)rig is gane [‘gone’] ut, that patch of arable land has been exhausted, it cannot yield more (Uⁿ.); de day guid [‘went’] ut, the day passed (Fe.); O.N. ganga út, to come to an end (meaning 4 in Fr.); Fær. útgingin; Da. udgaaet = run short; c) to have a (definite, foretold) result; to be verified, of a prophecy. — g. wi’ or with [wɩþ]: a) to go on (in spite of opposition); to endure, g. wi’; I maun [‘must’] g. sae [‘so’] wi’ (Sa.); O.N. ganga við, to be about; make progress (meaning 4 in Fr.); b) to decline; waste away; to be enfeebled (N.I.), g. wi’ or (more comm.) with; No. ganga (gaa) ved (R.); Sw. dial. ganga med or ved (ga me, gå vä: Ri.), to perish; die; c) to own up; confess, to g. wi’ onyting (Uⁿ.); O.N. ganga við, to own up; confess (meaning 2 in Fr.). — “geng” is most prob. to be regarded as a L.Sc. form (Jam.: gang, geng) as the O.N. “-ang” in Shetl. is comm. preserved as “-ang [aŋ]” or “-ong [åŋ, ɔŋ!”- The Fær. form “genga [gæŋga]”, = ganga, is doubtless an accidental parallelism. An ancient form gonga [gɔŋga], gonge [gɔŋgə], = O.N. ganga, is found preserved in a few Shetl. Norn fragments from Fe. and U. (see Introd.). In Hildina-ballad: gonga.

genga [(ꬶɛŋga) ꬶæŋga], sb., a long walk; dat will be a g. Fe. O.N. ganga, f., a walking, going. For the development “ang > eng” in the Shetl. word, see above under geng, vb. Cf. gonga, sb.

geng [gɛŋ, gæŋ (ꬶɛŋ, ꬶæŋ)]-aboot, sb., someone or something going about, esp., a) person always courting and playing the coquette, a giddy girl; b) tabu-name (sea-term) for tongs; c) g.-a. støri (Yⁿ.: gæŋ··-abut·) = aboot-geng, sb.; q.v.

genger [gɛŋər, gæŋər], sb., in pl. in the phrase “upo de (ane’s) gengers”, of the sun: at sunrise; tabu-term, belonging to fishermen’s lang. Du. “de sjiner is upon his gengers, and de glomer is gane dere [‘there’]” (with stress on ‘dere’), the sun is rising and the moon has set. genger is here prob. Da. ganger, a saddle-horse, O.N. gangari, m. See gjonger, sb.

gengerum [(ꬶɛŋ··ərom·) ꬶæŋ··ərom·], sb., a vagrant. Conn. In same sense L.Sc. gangrel, gengrel, sb. (O.N. gangari, L.Sc. ganger, genger, Shetl. genger [gɛŋər, gæŋər, ꬶɛŋər, ꬶæŋər], sb., a pedestrian). — gengerum is poss. the same word as “geng-aboot”, and the suffix -um might then be explained as O.N. um, prep. and adv., about; around.

gep [gē^əp, gɛp, gæp], sb., tattle; gossip. The form “gē^əp” is noted down in U. Either O.N. geip, n., gossip; babble, or “gape”, an anglicised form of O.N. gap, n., a crying; shouting, also tattle; gossip (cf. gaplyndi, n.). The meaning gossip is foreign to Eng. gape, sb. Cf. gab, sb.

gep [gē^əp, gɛp, gæp], vb., 1) to tattle; gossip. gē^əp: U. Either O.N. geipa, vb., to chatter; gossip, or an anglicised “gape”, from O.N. gapa, vb., to gape; shout; gossip, gap (No. gapa, vb., inter alia, to tattle). The meaning to chatter, gossip, is foreign to Eng. gape, vb. Cf. gab, vb. 2) to chew or swallow with difficulty; to make an effort in swallowing (e.g. of a hen). Cf. No. geipa, vb., to let gape, with the deriv. geipla, vb., to make vulgar movements with the mouth, while munching.

ger [gē^ər], sb., 1) a triangular or wedge-shaped piece, a patch. Uⁿ. 2) a narrow, grass-grown piece of land between two cultivated patches of land. Y^s. — O.N. geiri, m., an angle; a gore; No. geire, m., occas. also a strip of ground, grasgeire. L.Sc. gair, gare, sb., a triangular piece of cloth; strip of grass in a barren spot, etc.

*ger [gē^ər], sb. pl., cows. Ai. Only noted down in the expr. “de g. cam’ a’ [‘all’] in ae [‘one’] clowbang [klubaŋ·]”, all the cows came running at once. ger for *gør [*gø̄r] from *kør [*kø̄r]; O.N. kýr, pl. of kýr (kú), f., a cow. For the change ø > e in Shetl. cf. e.g. er³ [ēr] from an older ør, seashore, O.N. øyrr, f. *ser [sē^ər] from *sør, adv., south, to the south, O.N. suðr. For the change k > g, when initial, see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), § 33 (further examples are to be found in the foll.). — See further *kørn, sb. pl. (def. form), the cows.

*gera, vb., to make; handed down as the imp. form in a fragment of conversation in Norn from Unst: g. so [ꬶɛra so]! do that! (U^mo.). *ger (svá)! O.N. gera, vb., to do; make. For the use of “mak’”, vb., in meanings originating from Norn (gera), see mak’, vb.

gerbi, sb., see girbi, sb.

gerd [gērd], sb., a halo around the sun or moon. Y^h., Fo. See gard, sb.

gerdbalk, sb., see gardbalk.

gerdi¹ [gērdi], sb., a fenced plot of pasture, adjoining the home-field (de tun). St., Ai. Fairly freq. as a place-name: (de) Gerdi, mostly pronounced “gērdi”, more rarely “gɛrdi, gærdi”; in pl. with the suffixed def. art.: de Gerdin [gērdin] (Sa^e.): *gerði-n, and often with an added Eng. pl. -s: de Gerdins [gērdins] (in several places, esp. in Ai.: de G. o’ Aith, o’ Klusta, o’ Twatt). See Sh. Stedn., pp. 97-98. — O.N. gerði, n., a fenced patch of ground.

gerdi² [gērdi], sb., a long, high-crested billow. Yⁿ. Deriv. of O.N. garðr, m., a fence; cf. No. garde, m., in “drivgarde” and “rokgarde”, a rushing mass of water in the sea.

gerdste, gerdsti, sb., see gordste, gordsti.

geslin [gēslɩn], sb., a gosling. Conn. O.N. gæslingr, m., a gosling.

gesnin [gⁱēznɩn], sb., strong contrary wind; dey will get a g. i’ deir face. Fe. Seems to be cognate with gas, sb., cold wind; q.v. gesnin might be a noun formed from a lost verb *gesn, *gesen; cf. No. gjæsna, vb., to become violent, gjæsen, of weather. See gosen and gosnin, sb.

gest [gɛst (ꬶɛst)], sb., 1) a guest. 2) half-burnt brand, standing right on its end, without any support, when the fire wastes away (Conn.: gɛst); this is considered as a foretelling of a guest’s arrival at the house; if, when touched with the fingers or tongs, the brand, “guest”, blazed up, then it was said: “dis [‘this’] is gaun [‘going’] to be a welcome g.”; in the opposite case, a disagreeable guest was expected: “dis is gaun to be a soor ane [‘sour one’]”. — O.N. gestr, m., a guest. In sense 2, gest is specially Norse (Norw.); cf. No. gjest, m., in sense of a pointed object (inter alia, a piece of burning wood in the fireplace) which, having slipped down, remains standing on end, foretelling the arrival of guests (R.).

get [gɛt], vb., to beget, get, etc., corresponding partly to O.N. geta, vb., partly to Eng. get, vb., but the past tense of Shetl. get is gat, corresponding to O.N. gat (impf. sing.) and O.Eng. gat (Mod.Eng. got). get may be heard in the foll. expr. in Shetl.: he gat her wi’ bairn [‘child’], he got her with child.

getel [getəl, ꬶetəl], sb., induration in a stone; a very hard stone, quartz (esp. in a stone of soft quality). U., Fo. Also gitel [gɩtəl] (Fo.). O.N. geitill, m., induration in a stone of soft quality. In getilben, getlarigg and riggagitel, Shetl. getel, gitel are found in a somewhat diff. sense. — Cf. hjegel (hjigel) and jetel, sb.

getilben, gøtilben [ꬶøt··ɩlben·], sb., the hindmost vertebra of a swine. Nm^s. De.? Only noted down with an ø: gøtil-, but the word must be the above-mentioned getel, sb., induration, denoting, in this case, a vertebra. See the foll. getlarigg, sb., under which are found parallel forms with ø, such as gøtl-, gødl-.

getlarigg [ꬶɛt··larɩg·, geƫ··la-, gəƫ··larɩg·], sb., the high curved part of a swine’s back nearest the neck. Also in the forms gøtlarigg [gøⁱt··larɩg·], gøtlirigg [ꬶøt··lirɩg·], gotelrigg [gȯⁱt··əlrɩg·], gødlarigg [ꬶød··larɩg·] and gødlesrigg [ꬶød··ləsrɩg·]. Fe. (getlarigg, gøtlarigg, gødlarigg, gødlesrigg). U. occas. (gotelrigg). Y^s. (gøtlarigg). Nm^s. (gøtlirigg). gəƫ··larɩg· (acc. to L.W.): Fe^w. galtirigg [gä‘ᶅ··tirɩg·] (U.?), goltirigg [gȯ‘ᶅ··tirɩg·] (U. occas., Nm^w. occas.) and gøltirigg [ꬶø‘l··tirɩg·] (L. occas.), with metathesis of t and l, have doubtless arisen through infl. of the word galti, golti (gølti), sb., a hog; a pig. — Prob. “knotty back”, from an orig. “*geitils (geitla)-hryggr”, the first part of which is O.N. geitill, m., hard lump (esp. in a stone of soft quality), syn. with “eitill”, which in Icel. also denotes indurated gland in meat. — In De. (Swinister) gødlirigg [ꬶød··lɩrɩg·] is used in a diff. sense, of the hindmost part of a swine’s back; cf. getilben, gøtilben, sb. — From Y^h. is recorded riggatitel [rɩg··agit·əl] of the highest part of a swine’s back; prob. orig.: *hryggjargeitill, “back knot”. Other names, prob. compounded with “geitill”: hjogeldarigg, hjogelesrigg, hjogelsterigg, hoveldarigg; see hiogeldarigg, sb.

getlin [(gɛtlin) ꬶɛtlin], sb., a pig, really, a little (young) hog; now rare. Lunn. For an older *geltlin from *geltlingr, dim. form with i-mutation af O.N. galtr, m., a hog.

getskerd [gɛtskerd, -skard), and more comm.: getsker [gɛtskər, ꬶɛtskər], sb., a mark on a sheep’s ear: a slanting cut from the top of the ear along the edge, usually with a hole in the centre: “g. and a hole”. Uⁿ. *gatskarð; O.N. gat, n., a hole; opening, and skarð, n., a notch, chink in the edge of a thing, etc.

gevalos, adj., see gevlet.

gevel, sb., see *gabel.

gevl, gevel, [gēvəl, ꬶē^əvəl, gevəl, ꬶevəl, gɛvəl, gævəl] and more rarely gefl, gefel [gē^əfəl) ꬶē^əfəl], vb., 1) to nibble, to chew without force, to munch, e.g. of a sick animal; de animal gevels (is gevlin) wi’ her mooth [’mouth’]; de grice is gevlin ower de taatis [‘potatoes’]; de dog gevels (is gevlin) de ben, the dog is gnawing the bone. Also to gape; gape over the pap, of the suckling of a mammal; de lamb’s mooth [‘mouth’] canno [-‘not’] gev(e)l ower de yowe’s [‘ewe’s’] paap [‘pap’] (Conn.). Y., Fe., Conn., etc.: gēvəl. Uⁿ.: ꬶē^əfel and ꬶē^əvəl. Sa.: gēvəl. Nm^w.: gɛvəl. N.Roe: gævəl. 2) to mutter, to talk indistinctly and lispingly; more rarely. Yⁿ. [ꬶevəl]. — O.N. geifla, vb., to nibble; to munch; No. geivla, vb., a) to munch; b) to speak indistinctly.

gevlet [gēvlət] and more comm.: gevlos, gevlous [gēvlȯs (gē^əv-), gɛ̄v-, ꬶēv-, gev-, gɛv-, gævlȯs, -ləs], adj., powerless, limp in one’s movements, with feeble grasp. Also of movements of the mouth, speech: mumbling; indistinct; lisping; in this latter sense noted down in the form gevlet (Y., Fe.); a gevlet way o’ speakin’ — otherwise comm.: gevlos, -ous, “gevless”; a gevlos body. From S.Sh. is reported gevlet and gavlet [gāvlət]. Occas. in sense of dull; indifferent; listless, a muckle [‘big’] gevlos slu (fellow); U.? In U. (U^{n., b}.) is recorded a parallel form gevalos, -ous [ꬶē^ə··valȯs·]; his hands is [‘are’] turned gevalos. — Doubtless of powerless movements of the mouth, powerless chewing. *geiflóttr. See prec. gevel, vb. Cf. vevlet > vevlos (fjevlos), adj., with the change gevlet > gevlos, -ous.

giddek, sb., see geddek.

†gidli [ꬶɩdli, ꬶedli], sb., a knife. Tabu-name, sea-term? W. Either No. kytel, m., a common knife, wooden knife (for the change k > g in Shetl. Norn, when initial, see Introd. V. — also N.Spr. VII —, § 33), or Cymr. cyllell, a knife (for a change ll > dl on Wests. see Introd. V — also N.Spr. VII —, § 42).

gi’e [gɩ̄], sb., natural ability; a correct manner of behaviour or of carrying out something, almost = kann, sb. In its form, the word is L.Sc. gi’e, vb., = Eng. to give. The meaning given, however, is Norse; cf. No. givnad, m., (something congenital); a natural ability.

gi’e [gɩ̄, gɩ], vb., to give; a L.Sc. form of Eng. to give. In special meaning as a tabu-word at sea in fishermen’s lang.: to fail; go to pieces, of a fishing-line, de lines ga’e [‘gave’] (Sa.); cf. Eng. “give” in sense of to give way, and No. giva seg, inter alia, to fail; give up, No. givast and Fær. gevast, to become fatigued;to lose one’s strength. — Is, in some phrases with prep. and adv., esp. Norse: a) g. on ur upon, to urge on; work energetically at something, — O.N. gefa á; b) g. till, to give much to, in expressing an intense desire; I would “g. till” a guid [‘good’] somet’in’ [‘something’]; cf. Icel.: ek vildi gefa mikit til, at —, and No.: eg skulde giva myket til, um —. “g. till” is also found in sense of to drub; to cudgel, “I ga’e [‘gave’] till him”, but may, in this sense, as well be L.Sc., as “gi’e” in L.Sc. is generally used in sense of to strike. — Note g. op [‘up’] in expr. as: he ga’e op upo dem, he gave it up owing to exhaustion; he withdrew from the game (Sa.); de boat (sail, mast) ga,e op upo dem, the boat (the sail, mast) was no longer serviceable (Fo.); cf. O.N. gefask upp, and Eng. give up.

gig [gi̇̄g], sb., coalfish hung up and dried, piltek; mostly in the phrase: “sulin gigs”, pl., hanging coalfish turned sour; sulin for *surin. U^w.; Y^w. Orig. uncertain. Might not gig have a similar root-meaning to goieg [O.N. gaukr] — q.v. — used also of coalfish, and be cognate with M.H.G. giege, m., a fool? gig might, in spite of the long vowel, be the same word as the first part of the compd. in “kegga (gigga, kega, gega)-piltek”; q.v.

giget [gigət], adj., stumbling about, making foolish movements and gestures; to geng g., to stumble about like a fool. Uⁿ. Cf. No. giga, vb., to stumble along with a slow, tottering gait, gigl, giglen and giglutt, adj., staggering; rocking; stumbling, ganga (to go) giglent, giglutt (R.). Shetl. giget, with implied notion of foolishness, imbecility, is prob. infl. by Eng. (and Shetl.) giggle, vb.

gigga-piltek [ꬶega (ꬶɩga)-pʌ‘ltək], sb., see kegga-piltek.

gil¹ [gɩl, ꬶɩl], sb., a ravine; ghyll, esp. a small, narrow dale. Also gili [gɩli, geli, ꬶɩli] and gilek [gɩlək, gelək, ꬶɩlək]. comm. gil freq. appears as the last part of compds. in place-names. With suffixed def. art. in the pl. (O.N. -in) is found as a place name, e.g.: Gilena grona [gɩl··əna· grɔna] (Maywickⁿ, Du^w.): *gilin grœnu, “the greenglens”; with an added Eng. pl. -s: de Gilins [gɩlɩns, ꬶɩlɩns] (Fo.). — O.N. gil, n., a cleft in a rock; a deep, narrow dale; ravine; ghyll.

gil² [gɩl, ꬶɩl, gil, ꬶil, gi̇̄l, gɩ̄l, ꬶɩ̄l], sb., prop. fermentation; fermenting liquid, used in the foll. meanings: 1) fermenting beer; gaun [‘going’] g. [gil], recently fermented beer (Fe.?). 2) a foaming eddy, a g. i’ de water; a g. o’ tide, tidal eddy (Conn.: gil, ꬶɩl; Sandw., Du.: ꬶil); greenish or bluish foam around a sunken rock on which the sea is breaking (Easts.: gi̇̄l, ꬶɩ̄l, gɩ̄l, gil); a whirling strip in the water, caused by an oar-stroke, de green g. [gɩl] fae [‘from’] de ayre [‘oar’] (Y.); the wake, caused by a boat going fast or by a fast swimmer; shø [‘she’ = the boat] is leavin’ a g. [gɩl] efter [‘after’ = behind] her (Sa.); de duke [‘duck’] made a g. [gɩl] efter her (Sa.); an eddy in the water, caused by a splash; he ga’e [‘gave’] a g. [gil] (U.). O.N. gil, n., fermenting beer; in compds., such as “gilker”, n., a vat for fermenting beer (Ork. gyle-fat); No. gil, n., also fig.: excitement; uproar.

gil³ [gil], sb., a mock-sun; luminous spot in the sky, = ga¹, gad¹ and brennek. Rare. Papa St. Fe.? (reported by J.I.). No. gil, m., Icel. gíll (gýll: B.H.), m., id.

gil¹ [gɩl, gil, ꬶɩl ꬶil], vb., 1) (vb. n.), to surge; rush; make eddies, of current, esp. of a current against a point of land; de tide gils, is gilin (Sandw., Du. and Conn.: gil, ꬶɩl, ꬶil). 2) (vb. a. and n.) to stir up a liquid (esp. water; spoon-meat), stir liquids together; to stir up the water and make it muddy; to g. de water or to g. i’ [‘in’] de water; du maun no [‘must not’] g. de gruel [‘porridge’], boy! (Sa.: gɩl); to sit gilin [gilɩn] i’ de water (Conn.); to g. (sit gilin) i’ de “suppin’-meat”, to stir the spoon-meat, of someone not eating properly (N.Roe: ꬶɩl). — Deriv. of gil², sb.

gil² [gɩl], vb., to eat very quickly and greedily, to g. in; esp. of cattle; de coo [‘cow’] gils (is gilin) in. Fe. Orig. poss. *gilja in sense of to fill; stuff into an opening (O.N. gil, n., an opening; fissure; cleft); O.N. gilja, vb., is handed down in a diff. sense.

*gild, sb., payment; compensation. Hildina ballad. O.N. gjald (*gild), n., payment.

gild [gɩld, ꬶɩld], adj., 1) payable; valíd, of a certain weight and size, esp. of fish, 14 pounds and upwards being the weight fixed for marketable fish; a g. ling. The great estate-owners or lairds in the isles had formerly the monopoly of buying up such fish, fixing the prices themselves. Uⁿ. [ꬶɩld]. 2) valuable; capable; quick; smart; good at work, a g. hand; N.I. [gɩld, ꬶɩld; Uⁿ.: ꬶɩld]; excellent; notable, occas. in a disparaging sense: arrant, incorrigible (Y.; Fe.); a g. leear [‘liar’], an arrant liar, a g. tief, an arrant thief, but in the latter use of the word it merges into gall, gald, adj. O.N. gildr, adj., valued at a certain price (gjald); perfectly valid; No. gild, inter alia, capable; excellent. With “gild fish” cf. O.N. gildingr, m., a split cod, two feet wide nearest the head (Fr.).

†gilder, gelder [ꬶeldər], sb., an ancient coin, worth five Eng. shillings. N.I. Dut. guilder, sb., a florin. Cf. gildin² and gollen¹, sbs.

*gildin¹ [gɩldɩn, ꬶɩldin, ꬶeldɩn], sb., small fry, esp. small coalfish, now only in the compd. mogildin (mugildin); q.v.

†*gildin² [gɩldin], sb., “guilder” as a measure of length, = six “cuttels” or Scottish ells. N.I.? Cf. Fær. gyllin, f., as a measure of ground: ¹⁄₁₆ “mark”, mörk (Shetl. mark). Germ. gulden, gülden, m., a guilder. Cf. gilder and gollen¹.

gilet [gɩlət], adj., of sheep: having a white or whitish belly, brown back, and whitish round the tail. Nm. Reported from Ai. (W.Burr) in same sense as kattmoget (having a white belly and dark back, or conversely). Though somewhat difficult to class, owing to the main-vowel “ɩ”, it is prob. the same word as Icel. golóttr and Fær. gulutur, adj., both words used of the colour of sheep, denoting diff. shades and mixed colours, between yellowish, brownish and white. Icel. golóttr, light brownish (E.J.). Fær. “gulutur” is occas. applied to sheep, white-coloured on the belly and round the tail (e.g. in Sandø), almost = Shetl. (Nm.) gilet; in Østerø “gulutur” denotes a yellowish belly, and in Møgenæs, yellowish legs and whitish body. Shetl. “gil-” contains poss. another gradation than O.N. “gol-, gul-” (yellow), and must, in that case, be classed with O.H.G. gel- (gelo), Dut. geel, A.S. geolo, yellow.

gilgal [ꬶɩl·gal·], sb., uproar in the sea, a g. i’ de sea. L. A compd. of gil², sb. 2, and *gal (see galbou, sb.), O.N. gal, n., prop. a crying; shouting. For the use of “gal” in “gilgal”, cf. galder and golder, sbs., which denote not only a shouting, a noisy gust of wind, but also uproar in the sea.

gili-hunkers [gɩli-, ꬶeli-ho‘ŋkərs], sb. pl., potatoes chopped up, while hot, with “bursten” (q.v.). Fe. — gili is doubtless, like the foll. gilins, sb. pl., to be derived from gil¹, vb. 2. For the second part of the compd. see hunkers, sb. pl.

gilins [gilɩns, ꬶɩlɩns], sb. pl., spoon-meat which has been stirred and eaten of; leavings of spoon-meat. N.Roe. Deriv. of gil¹, vb. 2.

gilj [gɩldᶎ], vb., to squeeze or to be squeezed, of something soft; see further under girj, vb.

giltek [(gɩ‘ltək) ꬶɩ‘ltək], sb., a longish heap of mown heather and coarse grass piled up in a ridge for drying in the out-field; this dried mass is used for thatching and as litter for cattle; a g. o’ tek (tek = dried heather and grass used for thatching and litter for cattle). Uⁿ. giltek is prob. the same word as No. gylta, f., a mass (R.).

gilti [ꬶɩ‘lti], sb., a pig, esp. as a cry when calling the pig. Uⁿ. Sporadically also gølti [ꬶø‘lti]. No. gylt, m., a pig (O.N. gylta and gyltr, f., a sow). See galti and golti, sb.

gimmer [gɩmər (gimər, ꬶɩmər)], sb., a yearling ewe. comm. O.N. gymbr (*gimbr), f.; Icel. and Fær. gimbur, No. (and Sw. dial.) gimber, Da. (and Sw. dial.) gimmer, L.Sc. and Eng. dial. gimmer. — In Shetl. “gimmers-lamb” denotes the lamb of a yearling ewe, = Fær. gimbra(r)-lamb, opp. to “gimmer-lamb”, a ewe, = Fær. gimburlamb.

gimp¹ [(gɩ‘mp) ꬶɩ‘mp], sb., reddish haze in the horizon above the sun before sunrise (harbinger of bad weather); flush of dawn; also red evening sky; a g. op f(r)ae [‘from’] de sun. Fe. For *gimb. — No. gim, m., steam; exhalation. For the development *gim(b) > gimp in Shetl. cf. e.g. skump² for *skumb from *skúm.

gimp² [(gɩ‘mp) ꬶɩ‘mp], sb., fidgeting; flirting; to be on for a g., to make coquettish movements with one’s body, to flirt. Conn. See gimp, vb.

gimp [(gɩ‘mp) ꬶɩ‘mp], vb., to swing one’s body coquettishly in walking, to geng gimpin. Conn. No. gimpa, vb., to swing one’s shoulders, g. (paa) seg; Sw. dial. gimpa, vb., to swing one’s hips. — Cf. gumbos, gumpel- and gombel, sbs.

ginket [ꬶi‘ŋkət, ꬶɩ’ŋkət (gi‘ŋkət)], adj., of a certain nature or stamp; in the compd. “ill-g.”, wicked by nature; deceitful. Y. (Yⁿ.). Poss. to be classed with No. gin, f., nature; disposition; quality. ginket [gi‘ŋkət] is used in a diff. and intensive meaning in the expr. “a g. fool”, an arrant fool; an imbecile person, etc., poss. a constantly giggling fool, from L.Sc. gink, vb., to titter; snigger; in a similar sense “a glinket [glɩ‘ŋkət] fool”; L.Sc. glink, vb., to jilt; to look askance.

ginsj [gənᶊ], ginzj [gɩndᶎ], vb., to squeeze or press together; to tie very firmly. Wests. (Sa.; Papa St.). ginzj: Sa. The word is reported from Papa in the foll. phrase: de loops or stitches is ginsjd [gənᶊd] on de wire, (in knitting, esp. stockings), the stitches are too close on the knitting-needle. ginsj, ginzj prob. for *gnisj by metathesis. Cf. No. gnysja, vb., to squeeze; crush firmly, and knysja, vb., to crush together. Cf. jerd and nol, vb.

gip [gɩp, ꬶɩp], sb., a cut made in the belly of a fish; the place where the fish is cut when the entrails are taken out, de g. o’ de fish. Cf. No. gip, m., a gap, and gipa, f., a scratch; deep wound. For the form and meaning of the Shetl. word, see further gip, vb.

gip [gɩp, ꬶɩp], vb., to gut a fish, to g. fish. comm. Cf. No. gipa, vb., to make an opening; to let gape, and Eng. gip [dᶎɩp], vb. The g-sound in Shetl. gip indicates that this word springs from O.N. *gipa and not from the Eng. gip, the g of which is sounded dᶎ; the development, however, of the meaning of the Shetl. word must be due to infl. of Eng. gip. — Cf. gip, sb., and gipi, gippi, sb.

gipek [gɩpək, ꬶɩpak] and giper [gɩper (ꬶɩpər)], sb., a small knife for gutting fish. Deriv. of gip, vb.

gipi or gippi [(gɩpi) ꬶɩpi], sb., a gap; narrow passage; fissure, esp. a fissure in a rock or in a rocky coast, somewhat wider than trinki. Du. *gip(a) or *gipp(a). No. gip, m., a gap, and gipa, f., a scratch; incision; deep cut; Sw. dial. gippa, f., a crack; fissure (gipa, vb., to gape).

girbi [gɩrbi], sb., 1) a mass of something scraped together, a lock [‘lot’] o’ g. (Fe.). 2) a great deal, ironically of something insignificant, a trifling gift; yon [‘that’] is a g. (Nm.). Also gjarbi [ꬶärbi] and gerbi [ꬶærbi]: De^w. (M.Roe), esp. in meaning 2. — Prob. *gyrpa. Cf. No. gurpa, gyrpa, f., Sw. dial. jörpa, f., thick mud; a porridge-like mass; mire; mixture.

gird [gɩrd, gərd], vb., to girt, esp.: 1) to strap the saddle-girth on a pack-horse, to g. a horse. 2) to put hoops on a cask or vat made of staves, to g. a cask. More rarely gørd [ꬶørd] (Conn. occas.) O.N. gyrða, vb., to girt (Da. gjorde). Cf. L.Sc. and Shetl. gird, sb., a girth; hoop of a cask. ø in gørd springs from O.N. y. A form gord [gȯrd] is found in the compd. *omgord, vb. gird in sense of to move with expedition and force; to work energetically is L.Sc.

girdin [gərdin] and gørdin [ꬶørdɩn], sb., a girth, esp.: 1) saddle-girth on a pack-horse; belly-girdin, belly-band, = wame-girt. 2) a hoop; hoop of a vat made of staves. In meaning 2 now comm.: gird (L.Sc.). — Cf. No. gyrding, f., and Sw. dial. gjording, m., a rope to gird or to tie something with. -in in girdin, gørdin might, however, also be explained as the suffixed def. art. (O.N. gjǫrð, f., def. form: gjǫrðin).

girj [gɩrdᶎ] and gilj [gɩldᶎ], vb., 1) vb. a., to press; squeeze, esp. a soft, elastic object or mass; to press closely together by tying firmly. 2) vb. n., to be squeezed, pressed; to be pressed out, e.g. of water in shoes or boots squeezed out in walking; in this sense reported: gilj; de water giljd [gɩldᶎd] ut o’ my boots. Sa. — No. gyrja, vb., to press or squeeze a soft mass; also to be squeezed out. See gorj, vb.

gis, gisi, sb., see gris, sb.

gisen, gissen [gɩsən, gɩzən, ꬶɩ-], vb., to be dried up; to become leaky by shrinking, to get open interstices, used of something consisting of boards or staves joined together. comm. No. and Fær. gisna (gistna), Da. gistne, vb., to become leaky by shrinking.

gisend, gissend [gɩsənd, gɩzənd, ꬶɩ-], adj., leaky on account of shrinkage, of something consisting of boards or staves joined together; shrunk, of wood. comm. Apparently perf. part. of gis(s)en, vb., but orig. certainly an adjective: *gis(s)en; cf. No. gisen (gistin), Icel. gisinn, Sw. dial. gissen, Da. gisten, adj., leaky; shrunk. For the form gis(s)end cf. gosend = gosen, adj. Sometimes gis(s)end is confounded with gosend in sense of air-dried, of fish.

gitel, sb., see getel and riggagitel.

*givamild, adj., generous; open-handed. Acc. to Edm. U.? No. givmild, Sw. gifmild, adj., generous; open-handed.

gjarbi, sb., see girbi, sb.

gjeld, sb., see deld, djeld, sb.

gjo [gjō], sb., a cleft in a rock, esp. a cleft in a rocky coast; a deep ravine into which the sea-water flows. comm. From Nm^w. is reported a form jo [jō]. Very commonly used in place-names, names of small indentations in the coast. Sometimes with the suffixed def. art., e.g. Gjona stura [gjona stūra] (in de Torens, west side of Lamhoga, Fe^w.): *gjáin stóra (acc.: gjána stóru), “the large cleft”. Gjona wi’ [gjona (gjōna, gjȯna) wi] (U^e.), a fishing-ground named after a ravine in the rocky coast the opening of which is kept in view opp. the boat, in rowing out: *gjána við = “(one or other landmark) in a line with the ravine”. — O.N. gjá, f., a cleft in the landscape.

gjog¹, sb., see gog¹, sb.

†gjog² [gjō^əg], sb., a narrow hollow between two elevations, a green g. N.Roe. Might, by assimilation, possibly have arisen from an older *gjod; in that case, the same word as No. gjota, f., a longish hollow; grass-grown strip between elevations or rocks (Icel. and Fær. gjóta, f., a hollow; cleft; cave). For another poss. etym., see gog in sense of a hollow, mentioned under gog¹, sb., a dirty stripe.

gjoger¹ [gjōgər], sb., a species of sea-perch (Sebastes), a small, reddish fish with a large head and large eyes. Uⁿ. No. auger and augur, m., a sea-perch; cf. O.N. augr, m., among fish-names in the Younger Edda (Skaldskaparmál). — gjoger prob. represents an orig. *g(a)-augr or -augurr, the initial “g” of which must be regarded as the O.Germ. prefix. With ref. to other words in which this prefix is or seems to be preserved, see goldet, adj., and ongastø, sb. For “jo” from an orig. “au”, see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), § 21.

gjoger² [gjōgər], sb., pain and swelling of the wrist (wrists), caused by sprain, esp. on account of hard work, — No. gjø, f., Fær. gø, n. jøger [jø̄gər] is found in Unst as a parallel form to gjoger, and also denoting a disease in the ankle-joint of an animal (accompanied with a creaking sound when the joint is moved). From Mandal and Sætersdalen (Bygland) a form “gjøgr”, f. (R.), is noted down, corresponding to the Shetl. gjoger, jøger. — This disease was cured in people by means of exorcism, called “to tell ut [‘out’] de g.” (tell ut = to drive out by reciting a formula). The following methods are reported: a) from Mⁿ. Ara [āra] g. here? Is the pain in the wrist here? the wise man or woman asked three times while touching the patient’s shoulder, then the elbow, and lastly the wrist. The first and second time the answer was “naa [nā]”, no, the third time “jaa [jā]” or “yea [jǣ]”, yes. Thereupon “de gjoger” is driven out by means of the following formula, said over it:

Ut [‘out’] o’ de ben and into de flesh!
ut o’ de flesh and into de skin!
ut o’ de skin and into de sten!

b) from Uⁿ. Three straws, each with three knots, were drawn across the wrist, one after the other, while the following formula was recited at each drawing:

Ut o’ de flesh and ut o’ de ben!
into de stokk and into de sten!
a’ [‘all’] de men (the hurt) geng
[‘go’] i’ de heart’-sten (the hearth-stone)!

After the reciting of the formula the straws were thrown, one by one, into the fire on the hearth. The disease was supposed to have left the patient if one of the straws crackled. The above-mentioned must doubtless be viewed in connection with the fact that in the disease a crackling sound is produced on bending the wrist. — A similar cure of “gø” took place in the Færoes by means of exorcism. The formula contained the words: “í stokk og stein! ongun menniskja til mein! her niður skalt tú fara!” (into stock and stone! no harm to any one! down here you go!), after which the one who performed the cure stirred the embers on the hearth. See Landt, Fær. Beskr. pp. 453—54.

gjoget, adj., see goget, adj.

gjol [gjō^əl (ꬶō^əl)], sb., 1) howling, esp. fig. of poor singing; to had [‘hold’] a g., a) to howl continually; b) to sing very badly. 2) a violent (howling) gust of wind, rippling the surface of the water; a g. o’ wind. Uⁿ. 3) a strong current of air through an opening. U^{n., w}. — O.N. gaul, n., howling. For “jo” from an orig. “au”, see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), § 21. — The L.Sc. form “goul”, a g. o’ wind, is now much more in use in Shetl. than gjol.

gjol [gjō^əl (ꬶō^əl)], vb., to howl; bark; de selkies (the seals) wis [‘was’ = were] gjolin (Uⁿ.). Now hardly used in the original sense; on the other hand, often used in connection with the verb “sing”: to g. and sing, to sing very badly, really, to howl and sing. Uⁿ. O.N. gaula, vb., to howl. The L.Sc. form “goul” is now much more widely used, “goul” is always used in conn. with “greet”, to cry: to goul and greet, applied to children: to howl and cry.

gjola [gjōla (gjō^əla, ꬶōla, dᶎō^əla)], sb., thick whey with floating particles of curd; the porridge-like substance from an unsuccessful churning of milk when the butter has not separated at all, or only partially, from the milk, gjōla: comm. ꬶōla: Uⁿ., De. (occas.). dᶎō^əla: Deⁿ. From St. is reported gjola [gjōla] in sense of sour milk, 3 or 4 days old, beginning to curdle. Other forms of gjola somewhat diff. in meaning are: kjolek, kjoli, kølek, kørek, (q.v.), usually compounded: blandi-k., meal and bland (whey mixea with water) stirred up. Cf. No. kjore, m., curdled milk, cf. also No. kaara, vb., of milk: to part; separate; curdle in very small particles (Aa., R.). ?kaare, beginning of cheese-formation (R.); and kjøra, f., mixture; gritty sediment of cheese in whey. See kørek, sb.

Gjola [gjōla], sb. (f.), a nickname for a tall and gaunt, pale and sickly woman. Sa. Prob. to be classed with gjomet, adj., gaunt, pale and sickly, only differing in the two suffixes; see further gjomet.

gjolg (gjölg) [dᶎȯlg (dᶎölg)], gjolger [dᶎɔlgər, dᶎȯlgər], gjölger [dᶎölgər], sb., rough sea, cross-sea; heavy swell, a g. i’ de sea. N.Sh. and Wests. The different forms of pronunc. are distributed in the foll. places: dᶎȯlg Wests. occas.; dᶎɔlgər Y.; dᶎȯlgər, dᶎölgər: U., Nm., Ai. (W.Burr.), etc. From De^e. comes a form kjölg [tᶊölg], from Lunn: gjölk [dᶎö‘lk], from Wh. and Burra: kjölk [tᶊö‘lk] — formed by hardening of *gjölg. From Fe. come the forms kjölger [tᶊölgər], golger [gåᶅgər, gȯlgər], jolger [jȯlgər] and jølger [jølgər]. — a gjölger (gjolger) alang [‘along’] de shore, heavy wash of the waves along the shore (N.Roe). — From the same root as O.N. gjalfr, n., crashing sound; hollow swell; Icel. gjálfur, n., Fær. gjálv, n., swell; wash of the waves. With the Shetl. form of words cf. esp. a) No. gjelg, m., partly = gjelv, n., swell, agitated sea, partly a current of air; b) No. gjølg, m., esp. a current of air.

gjolgi, gjölgi, adj., rough or agitated, of sea; a g. sea, cross-sea. Only reported from Lunn. in the form gjölki [dᶎö‘lki]. See further the preceding word.

*gjolm [gjō^əlm], sb., dense fog; he is cornin’ doon [‘down’] a g. Y^h. Prob. by metathesis from an older *gjoml. See gjolm, vb.

*gjolm [gjō^əlm], vb., of dense, foggy clouds: to gather, lower; he is gjolmin ut [‘out’] o’ every “bank”, ut o’ every hole. Y^h. Prob. by metathesis from an older *gjoml. Cf. No. gjømla, vb., to become twilight.

gjolp [gjɔ‘lp], vb., to knit irregularly and loosely, making uneven loops, to g. op [‘up’]; mostly in perf. part., occas. used adjectivally: gjolpet [gjɔ‘lpət], “gjolpet op”. Conn.; Sandw.; Du. Might be thought to be classed with Sw. dial. gölp (gjölp), m., gölpa, f., a hole; small hollow. gjolpet, however, almost assimilates in meaning to No. glopall, adj., open; holey (Aa.), full of interspaces; unevenly distributed; casual; uncertain (R.), and might then, by metathesis, have arisen from an older *gl(j)opet, perf. part. of a verb *glop, *gljop.

gjolpin [gjɔ‘lpɩn (gjȯ‘lpɩn)], sb., a fish swallowed by a larger one and spewed out again. U. [gjɔ‘lpɩn (gjȯ‘lpɩn)]. Prob. to be classed with Da. gulpe, gylpe, vb., Sw. dial. gylpä, vb., to be about to vomit, Eng. gulp. vb., and, in this case, diff. from gjolpin [gjɔ‘lpɩn, gjɔ‘l··piɩn·] in sense of a lubber, greenhorn — see further under golpin, sb.

gjolta [gjȯ‘lta] and gjolter [gjȯ‘ltər], sb., a species of wrasse, = berggiltek, -golt(i), etc. Sa., Ai.(?). O.N. gylta and gyltr, f., really a sow, but in the compd. “berggylta” (No.) used of wrasse. — Cf. su, sb.

gjomek¹ [gjōmək (gjō^əmək), gjɔmək], sb., both hands cupped together; that which is contained in both hands when held cupped together, two handfuls (gopens, gjopens); a g. o’ corn, o’ meal. Also used in sense of a single hand curved upwards, a single handful; pl. gjomeks, of both hands or two handfuls. to tak’ op i’ de gjomek(s). De. [gjō^əmək, gjɔmək]. Ai^w. and Sa. [gjɔmək]. Conn. [gjōmək]. Prob. for an older *kjom-. Cf. Fær. keymur (from orig. *kaumr) and kjómur, sb., both hands held cupped together; blása í keym or kjóm. For the change k > g in Norn, when initial, see gjola, sb., and gjomek², sb., and gjomet, adj.

gjomek² [gjō^əmək], sb., a stripe, esp. a light, vertical stripe on an animal’s forehead, almost — glomek¹. Fo. Prob. for *kjomek, *komek from an orig. *kám-. See further under the foll. word.

gjomet [gjōmət, gjō^əmət], adj., faded, pale and sickly-looking, g. and “g.-lookin’”. Sa. Prob. from an older *kjomet = *komet. Cf. Fær. kámutur, adj., = kámur, adj., dusky; faded; dull-coloured, No. kaam, adj., Icel. kámugur, adj., from *kám (Mod. Icel. kám, n., dirt; Germ. kahm, m., mould). Shetland (Sa.) Gjola as a nickname for a pale, sickly woman (see ante) is doubtless to be classed with gjomet, adj., and formed with another suffix (cf. M.H.G. kadel, m., lamp-black; fungus on corn; dirt, = kahm). See kum, sb.

gjonga [gjɔŋga]-, gjonge [gjɔŋgə]-, sb., in compds. as: a) gjonge-piece, gjonge-sop [såp], some food (a piece) or drink (a sop) given to one in return for carrying out an errand, or doing a service for another (Ai.); b) gjonga-fish (Y^h.); gjonge-fish (Ai.), see further “gonga-fish”. O.N. gǫngu-, gen. of ganga, f., a going; walking. — gjonge- in gjongerøl, on the other hand, is hardly an original gǫngu-; see below.

gjonger [gjɔŋgər], sb., a steed, horse; only as a tabu-name or sea-term in fishermen’s lang. for horse. Wests. O.N. gangari, m., a steed, saddle-horse.

†gjongerøl [gjoŋ··gərøl·], sb., a good-for-nothing, a ne’er-do-well. U^b. Regarded as a compd. of gjonge- (going; walking), see prec., and røl, sb., a young horse when losing its coat, but is doubtless orig. L.Sc. gangrel, adj., vagrant; strolling; also used as a substantive: gangrel, a little child, beginning to walk. Then this L.Sc. word has prob. been changed in Shetl. to a compd. consisting of two Norn words.

gjopn, gjopen, gjopm, sb. (and vb.), see gopn, gopen, gopm, sb. (and vb.).

gjord [gjȯrd, ꬶȯrd], sb., 1) income, that which one gets or receives, in the expr.: every ane [‘one’] røses de g., as he gets it, every one praises that which he gets acc. to its value. U. 2) a large gift; fine present, ironically on the receipt of a trifle or something of less worth than what is expected; dis [‘this’] is a g.; yon [‘that’] is a g. (Uⁿ.; Y^h.). From Unst comes a parallel form gørd [ꬶø̄rd]. — gjord is prob. O.N. gjǫrð, f., = gerð, f., (doing, carrying out, etc.), in sense of duty; contribution (gerð 7, Fr.), gørd may spring from *gørð, f., = gerð (cf. O.N. gøra, vb., to make, to do). Cf. the use of the words gåfa, gløb, kros, sb.

gjorm, sb. and vb., see gorm.

gjot [gjȯt] and more comm. gjotek¹ [gjȯtək], sb., 1) a defile; hollow; small dale (Fogrigert, Ai.). 2) a narrow cleft; fissure in a rock (Onnifirt’, Ai.). gjotek and gjoti [gjȯti] are found in Sa. in sense 2. The word can be referred partly to a) Icel. gjót and gjóta, Fær. gjóta, No. gjota (gjøtt), f., a longish hollow, Sw. dial. gjuta, f., mill-race, gutter, partly and most prob. b) to gotek, goti, sb.; q.v. — *gjót- ought regularly in Shetl. to give a *gjūd. *gjuda [gjūda] from *gjóta is found as a place-name, thus: de Gjudas, pl. (de Brenna, Flad., C.).

gjotek², gjott, sb., see gott, gotti, sb.

*gju [gjū. ꬶū], sb., = *gø: a two-stringed violin. N.I. O.N. gígja, f., a fiddle, a stringed instrument.

gjud [gjūd], sb., double current in the sea, cross-current, esp. under-current, turning in a contrary direction to the current on the surface, a (ill) g. i’ de tide. Fo. No. gjot, f., id.

gjufset [gjofsət], adj., big and stout; a g. fellow. De. (Swinister). For *gufset. Cf. No. gufse, m., a big, broad, stately fellow.

gjumset [gjo‘msət] and gjumsi [gjo‘msi], adj., big, stout and clumsy; a g. fellow. Lunn. The same word as gumset, adj.; q.v.

gjölg, gjölger, sb., see gjolg, sb.

gjøtt, sb., see gott, gotti, sb.

glab [glāb], sb., an opening; a space, esp. a cleft; hollow; small dale, used in fishermen’s tabu-lang. at sea, “he (= de hill) mak’s (is makin’) i’ de g.”, in finding a fishing-ground out at sea by watching their landmarks: it (the hill) is appearing in the opening (the dale, gap, cleft). Uⁿ. *glap. No. (and Sw. dial.) glap, n., a hole; interstice.

glabb [glab], sb., a quick grab; a snatching at something (with the whole hand); to mak’ a g. Du. See glabb, vb.

glabb [glab], vb., to grab quickly; to snatch at something with the whole hand. Du. Also grabb. No. and Sw. grabba, vb., to grab violently (with the whole hand). The change gr > gl in the Shetl. word indicates it to be ancient, originating from O.N. *grabb-, and not from Eng. grab, vb.

glafos [glāfȯs], sb., a person of rude, unpolished behaviour, a g. o’ a fellow. S.Sh. Also gloffus [glȯf(f)os]. Cf. Sw. dial. glaffs, m., a person behaving unseemly, and No. glafsa, vb., to let gape; to stride; to be frolicsome and impetuous, flippant, indecent.

glafter [glaftər], sb., 1) a) showing of teeth; a stupid grin; b) a burst of laughter; stupid laughter. 2) foolish talk; tattle (Uⁿ.). Prob. from a *glafr or *glapr, formed from glap, n., a gap; hole; opening {see glab, sb.); cf. Fær. glopur [*glopr], n., with a radical r, = glopp, n., a hole; an opening, and glopra, vb., = gloppa, to open slightly. Cognate with glafos, sb. For the development of the present meanings of glafter cf. No. glafsa, vb., a) to let gape; b) to be frolicsome and flippant, etc.

glaftret [glaftrət, glaf··tərət·], adj., 1) grinning or laughing in a foolish manner, showing one’s teeth; gaping; a g. fool, a g. face. 2) babbling; conducting foolish and coarse talk; a g. “monument” (Uⁿ. and Ai.: glaftərət). *glafróttr or *glapróttr. See prec. glafter, sb.

glagg, sb. and vb., see klegg, sb. and vb.

Glaia [glaia, gläia], sb., reported as the name for a hen. N.Roe. Origin uncertain. Cf. Gloma.

glaks [glaks], sb., a mass stirred up, esp. of meal; porridge. Wests. (Sa.). Prob. for *klaks. Cf. No. kleksa, f., = klessa, a soft lump or mass, Germ. klecks, m., a lump, and the Shetl. parallel forms gliks, gluks (glogs, etc.).

†glamer [glāmər] and †klamer [klāmər], vb., 1) to grab, to grasp fumblingly with the hand at something. Du. (glamer); Conn. (klamer). 2) to produce a tinkling sound when grabbing and fumbling at something; Conn. (klamer). — The relation between Da. klamre, vb., L.Sc. glaum, vb., to grope, grasp feebly, and Shetl. glom [*gráma?], vb., is uncertain. sense 2 partly assimilates in meaning to No. glamra, vb., to rattle, rumble (O.N. glamra, vb., to make a noise). Prob. two diff. words are here merged together.

glamers [glāmərs], sb. pl., the inner sides of the legs; the fork. Sa. Prob. to be referred to O.N. klǫmbr (klambr-), f., No. klomber, Da. klammer and klamme, c., an implement for pinching; a clothes-peg. For the pl. form glamers cf. Icel. klömbrur, f. pl., a vice.

glams [gla‘ms], sb., 1) a snatching with one’s mouth at anything; a quick awkward bite or attempt to bite; to mak’ or tak’ a g. at onyting [‘anything’] (S.Sh.). 2) a hot-tempered, sharp answer; he made a g.; Uⁿ. — See glams, vb.

glams [gla‘ms], vb., 1) to snatch at something with one’s mouth; to snap; de dog glamst at me (Uⁿ.); to make quick, but awkward attempts to bite, to g. at onyting [‘anything’] (S.Sh.). 2) to answer hotly and sharply; he glamst at me; Uⁿ. — No. glamsa, vb., inter alia, to make quick (strained, awkward) attempts to grasp, to snatch up. Da. dial. (Jut.) glamse, vb., a) to snap at someone; to growl (of a dog); b) to accost someone harshly and angrily. Cf. glums, vb.

glan¹ [glān], sb., a long scratch, a g. i’ de finger. Fe. Cf. No. glan, n., in sense of an opening; an interstice (prop. something staring, gaping).

glan² [glān] and more comm. glani [glāni], sb., a whetstone, tabu-name, sea-term, used by fishermen, comm. Cf. Icel. glan, n., the brightness of smoothed and polished objects (B.H.). A similar change of meaning seems to have taken place in Shetl. glan(i) as in O.N. brúnn, adj., bright, shining, and brýni, n., a whetstone.

glan¹ [glān], vb., to cause a long scratch; to cut oneself, with part of the body as object; I gland my finger. Fe. Deriv. of glan¹, sb.

glan² [glān], vb., to whet, sharpen, tabu-word used by fishermen at sea; to g. de skøni (the knife). Deriv. of glan², sb.

glanklett [glānklɛt (-klæt), sb., a whetstone (tabu-name, sea-term). A compd. of glan², sb., and klett, sb., a rock.

glannel [glanəl], sb., a strap round the neck of a plough-ox, used in ploughing. Du. Poss. cognate with Icel. glenna, vb., to stretch out; extend. Cf. L.Sc. langel, vb.

†glans [gla‘ns], sb., brightness; shine, de g. o’ de sun. Uⁿ. Also in No., Fær., Icel., Sw. and Da., after Germ. glanz. Not used in the same sense as Eng. glance.

†glans [gla‘ns], vb., to shine; give light; de sun glanst (was glansin) upon him; also e.g. of bright metals; shiny boots: a pair o’ glansin boots. Uⁿ. No. glansa, vb., to shine; glitter. See glans, sb.

glant [gla‘nt], sb., amusement; mirth; pleasantry and jest. Conn. No. glant, n. and m., jest; mirth; frolicsome pleasantry.

glant [gla‘nt], vb., to make amusement and mirth; to jest and fool. Conn. No. glanta, vb., to jest; fool.

glassi [glaᶊɩ], sb., 1) (big) stomach, paunch of a cow. Fo. 2) colon in a cow. U. (U^wg.). Poss. cognate with No. klessa, f., of something squab (prop. a soft, adhesive mass); “klass-” of something soft, adhesive and dirty (cf. klaassa, f., a soft mass, applied to a toad; Fær. klássa, f., a shoe of hide, worn out and repaired). For the change kl > gl in Shetl. cf. the possibly cognate words glaks, gliks, glogs, gluks, gloss, and glagg, sb. and vb., = klegg, sb. and vb.

gläib [gläib], sb., a) a large quantity; good exchange, ironically; yon [‘that’] is a g.; b) a good reward; I’ll gi’e dee a g., if du ’ll dø [‘do’] it. Nmⁿ. (N.Roe). — a g. o’ money, plenty of money; De^w. (M.Roe). — *glíp- (or glýp-)? Cf. No. glip (gliip), m., a gap, gully, and glyp, m., a gulp. — Poss. orig. the same word as the foll.

gläip [gläip], sb., a glutton, esp. in the compd. “glutton-g.” Yⁿ. No. glip (gliip), m., inter alia a gap (Aa.), a glutton (R.). Cf. glub, glutton-g.

gled [glēd, glē^əd], adj., 1) having wide interstices; thin; scattered; thinly growing; de corn is g., the corn is growing thinly, or more emphasized: der’r [‘there is’] only a g. stelk [stä‘ᶅk] here and dere (stelk = a stalk); de neeps [‘turnips’] or taatis [‘potatoes’] is [‘are’] very g. 2) of loops in knitting: very open; g. loops. S.Sh. (Conn.; Du.). Icel. gleiður, No. gleid, adj., spread out; astride; very open.

glegg or gligg [gleg, gləg], sb., noted down in the expr.: to gi’e ane [‘one’] a kjob o’ de g., to give someone a drubbing. Uⁿ. kjob = purchase (and sale); reward. In consequence of the frequent change in Shetl. Norn k(l) > g(l), when initial, glegg, gligg may possibly be referred to No. klakk, m., a smacking blow, a smack (Icel. klaka, vb., to smack, No. klakka, vb., to beat; thrash).

glegg (gligg) [gleg (glɩg)], adj., sharp-sighted; acute; gifted with the faculty of observation and apprehension; clever; quick to learn; g. i’ de optak, quick to learn. A phrase: g. is de guest’s ee [‘eye’], sharp-sighted is the guest’s eye, = Fær.: glöggt er gestins eyga, Icel.: glöggt er gests augað. — O.N. gløggr, No. gløgg and glegg, L.Sc. gleg, adj., id.

glegg and *gleggan, sb., see gligg¹, sb.

*glem [gləm, glēm], vb., to forget; neglect, now only in the compd. misgløm; q.v. O.N. gløyma, gleyma (Icel.), vb., to forget.

glep [glep, glɛp], sb., prop. a mouthful, bite, snap with the mouth, esp.: a) a large mouthful of food; abundant meal (Fe.); b) fig.: biting or cross address; to gi’e a g. at ane [‘one’], to address someone crossly and snappishly (as if making a bite at someone) (Y^b.). Prob. for *gløp from an orig. *gløypr. No. gløyp, m., a bite; mouthful; gulp; Fær. gloypur, m., a large mouthful.

glep [glep, glɛp (glæp)], vb., 1) to swallow (in one mouthful); de skarf (the cormorant) gleps de fish; — to swallow up; absorb, g. op; de eart’ gleps op de water (Y^b.); — to dry up; to make water evaporate, esp. of the wind; de wind will soon g. op de water aff o’ [‘off’] de grund [‘ground’] (Y^b.). With transition to meaning 2: he was like to g. me, he flared up at me as if to swallow me; he abused me (N.I.; Nm.). 2) to address someone snappishly and crossly, to g. at ane [‘one’] (Y^b.). N.I.; Nm. O.N. gløypa (gleypa), vb., to swallow, to gulp down. — “glep-de-wadder [‘weather’]”, a bright piece of a rainbow at some distance from the sun (Esh., Nm^w.). The name arises from the fact that the wind is supposed to turn to the side where the rainbow is to be seen, as if the latter attracted the wind.

glepi [glæpi], sb., a large hole; wide opening; de wind is blawn [‘has blown’] a great g. i’ de roof. Sa. May be derived from *glap; see glab, sb. Might also be the word glipi, a cleft; fissure; hollow, though glipi is recorded in Sa. with a diff. application; see glipek, glipi, sb.

gleps [glæps], sb., 1) a snatching at something with one’s mouth, a sudden attempt to bite; to gi’e or mak’ a g. at ane [‘one’] or somet’in’. 2) a snappish or cross address (as if biting someone), = glep, sb. See gleps, vb.

gleps [glæps], vb., 1) to snatch at something with one’s mouth, to make a sudden attempt to bite; to g. at ane [‘one’] or somet’in’. 2) to address someone snappishly and crossly, = glep, vb. 2; to gleps at ane. O.N. glepsa, glefsa, vb., to snatch with one’s mouth (with a quick bite).

glepsi [glæpsi], sb., a person who talks crossly and hotly, a snappish person. Deriv. of gleps, vb. 2.

glerel (*glerhell) [glærəl], glerla (*glerhella) [glērla, glē^ərla], glerlek (*glerhellek) [glērlək, glɛrlək], sb., a smooth, glassy sheet of ice, esp. on rocky ground; a g. o’ frost. glerel: comm. glerla and glerlek [glērlək]: N.I. glerlek: N.Sh. *gler-hella; from O.N. gler, n., glass; a mirror (also of ice; cf. gleríss, m., smooth ice), and hella, f., Shetl. hella and hellek, a rocky surface. Fær. glerhella, f., a glassy sheet of ice. — Another glerel [glærəl] is reported from Tingwall in a diff. sense, appl. to a soft or muddy mass, e.g. of the soil after continuous rain; substance in a decomposed state, covered with mould; cf. L.Sc. glair = glaur, sb., mire, mud, glair-hole, a slough.

gleret [glērət, glē^ərət], adj., 1) wall-eyed (having a white ring around the pupil), mostly of horses; a g. horse, a g. body; S.Sh. 2) of a glance, a look in one’s eyes: glassy; a g. look; De^w. (M.Roe); S.Sh. — *gler-øygðr, wall-eyed; O.N. gler, n., glass. gleret 2 might, however, also be an orig. *gleróttr. Cf. glerl-eed, glerlet, adj.

glerl [glærl]-ee, sb., wall-eye in horses. Wests. *gler-(auga). O.N. gler, n., glass. L.Sc. ee, sb., an eye. glerl for *gler poss. through infl. of glerel, sb.

glerl [glærl]-eed, glerlet [glɛrlət (glærlət), glerlət], adj., 1) wall-eyed, esp. of horses. 2) with a wider application, appl. to persons: staring stupidly without expression; a g. creature. glerlet also = gleret 2; a g. look. glerl-eed: Wests. glerlet: De^w. (M.Roe). Prop. the same word as gleret, adj. For the form glerl see prec. under glerl-ee, sb.

†gles¹ [glēs, glē^əs], sb., a) a faint, transient light, esp. from the fire on the hearth; b) a short-lived heat from, or warming at, the fire on the hearth. Du. No. glis, m., a small glimmer of light, Sw. dial. glis, glesa, f., a faint light; live coal in embers, and glisa (glesa, gläsa), vb., to gleam; give light; shine (of light or red-hot embers). — In meaning b, however, the Shetl. gles is certainly L.Sc. glaise (“a glaise o’ de fire or ingle”), the act of warning oneself hastily at a strong fire (esp. of persons susceptible to cold).

gles² [glē^əs], sb., slender, sparse corn, = henkel. Nm. and De. For the orig. of the word see gles, adj.

gles [glē^əs], adj., coarse; loose; having too wide spaces, esp. of knitting or plaited work with too open loops, holes; de sock is g., the stocking is too loosely knitted; a g. kessi, a loosely plaited straw-basket. U. No. glisen (glesen), greis, grisen, adj., thin; loose; holey; with interstices, Icel. grisinn, Sw. gles. — With gles², sb., cf. esp. No. greis, adj., in sense of thinly growing, scattered.

gli [gli̇̄], sb., fatty stuff, film or streak of fatty substance on the top of water; also a coat of mineral stuff (iron) on the top of water. Du. Poss. to be classed with the foll. word, but might also be No. glya, f., mucus; jelly.

gli [gli̇̄], vb., to glisten; gleam; shine; de water glis i’ de sore, de sore glis. O.N. gljá, orig. glía, vb., to shine; to glitter; Sw. dial. glia (g. 2, Ri.), vb., to glisten; to shine.

glibiben, sb., see gløbiben.

glid [glɩd], sb., glitter; brightness; shine; a ray of light; a gleam; der’r [‘there is’] a g. o’ light (a ray of light, streak of light) cornin’ in (N.Roe); a g. o’ de sun, a) a gleam of the sun, passing sunshine (Nm.); b) the glitter of the sun on the water (Sa.). — a g. o’ fire (Du.), a fire of red-hot embers, = glød (opp. to “bol (boul), es, øs” of a flaming fire); der’r a g. o’ fire on. — sultry sunshine (Fo.), almost = øl; he is a g. de day [‘to-day’]. — From Wests. is reported “de glid” and “de glida [glɩda]” as fishermen’s tabu-name for the sun. — O.N. glit, n., splendour; shine; glitter.

glid [glɩd], vb., to glitter; shine; gleam out, esp. of the sun; de sun just glided [glɩdəd] ut for a maament [‘moment’] (Nm.); de sjiner is glidin t’rough de mirkabrod, the sun is shining through the mist (Conn.; tabu-term at sea in fishermen’s lang.). — O.N. glita, vb., to glitter; glisten; shine. — The derived verb gliter [glɩtər], O.N. glitra, assimilates to Eng. glitter, vb.

glida [glɩda], sb., sea-term, tabu-name for the sun. Wests. See glid, sb.

gligg¹ [glɩg, gleg], sb., a hole in a wall (barn-wall, byre-wall) for admitting light and air, and for the hens to pass in and out. comm. Occas. also: a) a small window-pane above a door (U.); b) a gutter through the bottom of a house-wall for carrying off waste water (Vidlin, L.). From Fo. are reported the now obs. forms gliggin, gleggin [glegɩn, glɛgɩn (glægɩn)] and gliggan, gleggan [glegan, glɛgan (glægan)] in sense of a window, esp. of a blank-window; spungna ligger i gliggan (gleggan), the spoon is lying in the window (obs. expr. in Norn; see Introd., Fragments of Norn). — O.N. glyggr, m., and glygg, n., = gluggr, gluggi, m., a gap; window-bay. — gliggin, -an (gleggin, -an), contains the ancient def. art. and seems to presuppose a weak, inflected form *glyggi, def.: *glygginn, acc. glyggann. “i gliggan” = í glygganum? — Barclay gives a form “glug” (a hole, gap) which presupposes the pronunc. “glȯg” or “glog”.

gligg², sb., see glegg, sb.

gligg, adj., see glegg, adj.

gliks [glɩks], sb., a sort of thick gruel, oatmeal stirred in hot water. Y^s. Prob. *klyksa. See further the forms glaks, gluks (gloks, glogs).

glim [glɩm], sb., 1) a gleam, a faint streak of light, a g. o’ light. N.I. 2) a glimpse, a sight of something hastily disappearing; I got a g. o’ it. N.I. (U.). Also O.L.Sc. No. glim, n., and glima, f., brightness; shine; gleam; glimpse, Sw. dial. glim, n., a glimpse, a passing gleam. Shetl. glim is pronounced diff. from Eng. “gleam”, which is also used in Shetl., and with a long i [i̇̄]. Eng. glim, sb., is used in a diff. sense.

glim¹ [glɩm], vb., to shine faintly; to shine with a clear light, of fire; de fire glims. N.I. (Y., Fe.). No. glima, Sw. glimma, vb., to glimmer; to light; to flash; to twinkle; Eng. dial. glim, vb. — glim [glim] with a long i is rather Eng. gleam, vb.

glim² [glɩm], vb., to peer with half-closed eyes, to blink. Fe. *glima or *glyma. Associated with the preceding word. Cf. No. glimsa and gleima, vb., to glance sideways (from glima, vb., to shine dazzlingly, to gleam), and No. glyma, vb., to look fierce; also to look sly or deceitful.

glinder [glɩndər], vb., 1) to peer with half-dosed eyes, to blink, = glim², vb. Wests. S.Sh. 2) to glance sideways. Fe. No. glindra, vb., to blink; to spy, lurk.

glinder [glɩndər]-eed, adj., that peers through half-closed eyes, blinking; a g.-e. body. Conn. *glindr- (øygðr). See glinder, vb.

†glink [glɩ‘ŋk, glə‘ŋk], sb., 1) confused behaviour; foolish mirth. 2) a silly, confused, half-witted person. Prob. from *glin. See glink, vb.

†glink [glɩ‘ŋk, glə‘ŋk], vb., to grin stupidly; to behave in a foolish, confused manner. Not comm. More freq. used as an adj.: glinket. — Prob. a derivative, *glinka, of an original *glina; cf. Sw. dial. glina, vb., to grin; to roar with laughter. Shetl. glink assimilates in other meanings to L.Sc. glink, vb., partly to shine, give light, flash, partly to look askance at.

†glinket [glɩ‘ŋkət, glə‘ŋkət], adj., silly; confused; half-witted; giddy. From glink, vb.

†glint [glɩ‘nt], sb., 1) a glimpse; to get a g. o’ onyting. 2) a gleam of the sun; a passing gleam of sunshine between (dense) clouds, a g. o’ sunshine (Uⁿ.). 3) a small opening between clouds through which the sun shines. May in meanings 1 and 2 poss. replace an older *glimt, a glimpse, but may also be a loan-word from L.Sc. glint, glent, sb., a glance; flash. With ref. to meanings 1—2, and esp. 3, cf. Sw. dial. glint, glänt, m., a glimpse; gleam; a small opening. — See glunt, sb.

glip [gləp], sb., a wedge-shaped, uncultivated patch of ground between two fields. Du. *glip-. No. glip, m., a gap; an outlet through which water gushes, etc., glipa, f., a small gap; an opening. Cf. the foll. word.

glipek [glɩpək, glepək, gləpək] and glipi [glɩpi, glepi, gləpi], sb., an opening; cleft; fissure, esp. such as can be looked through, e.g. the opening between two hills or in a rock, etc., the broken, upper part of a wall (stone wall) or of a fence (stone fence). glipek: De^w. (M.Roe), Ai. occas., Wh. glipi: Nmⁿ. (N.Roe), Ai. occas., Sa., Du. In Du. glipi [gləpi] is used esp. of a funnel-shaped opening, in Sa. glipi [glepi] esp. of a deep hollow. From Wh. glipek [glepək] is reported in sense of a rent; rift; a glipek in a coat or in a pair o’ troosers [‘trousers’]. — *glip-. No. glip, m., and glipa, f., a (narrow) opening; a crack; a small gap, etc.

glir [gli̇̄r], sb., 1) a blinking; peering with half-shut eyes at a bright (dazzling) light, at a sunny sky; U.; Ai. 2) (dazzling) sunshine through slight haze in the sky; der’r [‘there is’] a g. on the sky (U.); a windy g., a bright, bluish-white sky, harbinger of wind (Uⁿ.). No. glir, m., a blinking (gleaming), Sw. dial. glira, f., a ray of light; a sunbeam (between clouds). See below, glir, vb.

glir [gli̇̄r], vb., 1) to blink, peer with narrowed eyelids, esp. at a bright (dazzling) light. U.; Ai. 2) of the sun: to shine through a slight haze; of the sky: to have a bright, bluish-white appearance with sunshine through haze; a glirin sky. U. 3) of flesh and fish: to emit a kind of coppery sheen, to be phosphorescent; glirin flesh or fish; de fish glirs (is glirin) i’ de dark. Uⁿ. — No. glira, vb., a) to blink; b) to gleam, shine through; Sw. dial. glira, vb., to blink. — Cf. glur, vb.

gliret [gli̇̄rət], adj., 1) blinking; that looks through narrowed eyelids; a g. (g.-lookin’) man. Ai.; U. 2) of the sky: light, with sunshine through haze; a g. sky = a glirin sky (U.). In meaning 1, gliret is an orig. *glirøygðr (eygðr); No. glirøygd, adj., blinking. In meaning 2 a *gliróttr. See glir, sb. and vb.

†glisk [glɩsk] and †glisker [glɩskər], sb., 1) a glimpse of light; a glimpse of sun; passing sunshine between clouds, a glisk (glisker) o’ de sun (N.Sh.); de sun was ut wi’ a glisker (N.I.). In this sense also glist [glɩst], a g. o’ de sun. Nm^w. 2) a) light from a blazing fire; a fire-g., a g. o’ de fire; b) (momentary) heatfrom, or warming at, the fire on the hearth; to tak’ a glisk (glisker) o’ de fire, to warm oneself at the fire for a moment. Cf. gles¹, sb. 3) a fresh, drying breeze; a drying in fresh air for a while, of objects, esp. of clothes, hung out for a short period of drying; gi’e [‘give’] it a glisk o’ fresh air! (N.Roe). 4) a moment; in this sense only recorded in conn. with the preceding, viz., of a short while in which something is dried: hang it ut a glisk! hang them (the clothes) out a while (to be dried)! N.Roe. — glisker: N.I., Fo. occas.; in other places more comm. glisk. — Deriv. of a *glis-. No. glis, m., a glimpse of light, Sw. dial. glis, f., a faint gleam. No. and Sw. dial. glisa, vb., to gleam, give light; to send a transient gleam; to shine through an opening or a crack, or between two clouds, etc. No. gliseld, m., a fire flaring up for a short while (R.); Sw. dial. eldglesa (ellgläsa), f., red-hot embers. L.Sc. (and N.Eng. dial.) glisk, sb., a glimpse, flash; a slight affection; a moment. Shetl. glisk, glisker (glist) corresponds exactly to No. and Sw. dial. “glis” in the senses given under 1 and 2; the form “glisk”, however, is certainly L.Sc. In sense 4 Shetl. “glisk” assimilates exactly to the Eng. dial. and L.Sc. glisk. — See gles¹, sb., and glisp, sb.

†glisk [glɩsk], vb., to give a hasty, transient gleam, esp. of the sun between clouds; “if de sun would g. ut [‘out’]”, if only the sun would peep out between the clouds (Nm.); cf. glid, vb. — Deriv. of an old *glisa; see prec. glisk, sb.

†glisker [glɩskər], vb., 1) = glisk, vb. U.; Y. 2) to blow gently; to dry slightly, of the wind; he’ll may be g. aff o’ [‘off’] de corn, so we can shear again, the wind will probably dry the corn a little (before the next shower comes) so that we can reap again (Y^b.); cf. glisk, sb. 3. Deriv. of *glis; see prec. glisk, glisker, sb., and glisk, vb.

glisp [glesp], sb., a glimpse; a sudden sight of someone or something hastily disappearing; I saw a g. o’ him, I caught a glimpse of him. Fe^e. Deriv. of O.N. glis (glimmer) in sense of a transient glimpse; see gles¹, sb., and glisk(er), sb. For the derivative-ending in glisp may be compared Sw. dial. glispa, f., = No. glisa, f., a small opening or crack, through which the light penetrates (Ri. under “glisa”, vb., as distinguished from glispa, f., a crack, chink, for *glipsa under “glipa”, vb., to gape).

†glist [glɩst], sb., = glisk, sb. 1; a g. o’ de sun. Nm^w. Also glister [glɩstər], which doubtless is Eng. glister, sb.

†glister [glɩstər], vb., to glare, to stare fixedly. Fe. Really the same word as Eng. glister, vb.; in a similar sense Sw. dial. glystra (“glystär”) and Mod.H.G. glistern, vb.

glit [glɩt] and glitek [glətək], sb., an opening, crack, through which the light falls. De^w. (M.Roe). Deriv. of O.N. glit, n., glitter; see glid, sb. Cf. No. glita, f., a glade. — Another glit [glɩt, glət] in sense of mucus, slimy or fatty fluid (fat; oil; Jam.), Eng. gleet (glit), sb.

gljur [gᶅūr, gᶅū^ər], sb., a deep cleft; a dark, rocky cavern; grotto, a deep or mirki (dark) g. Uⁿ.; Fo. O.N. gljúfr, n., a) rocks or stones enclosing a ravine on both sides; b) a (steep) hollow; a ravine. Cf. gløver, sb.

glob, globb [glȯb], sb., detached, dark, rainy clouds; sudden showers of sleet; sleety rain coming in sudden showers. Conn. *glop or *glopp. Cf. Sw. dial. glop, n., a heavy snowfall, sleet. No. glop(a)- regn, n., rain in large, scattered drops, Fær. glopp(a)regn and glop(r)aregn, heavy rain (tað regnar av glopa, the rain is falling in torrents).

globaben¹ [glȯb··aben·], sb., = kavlisben, kavelben: the arched (trɩangular) bone under the belly of a fish, esp. of a halibut, below the anus. U. (Uⁿ.). globaben, “a guid [‘good’] g.”, is reported from U^wg. in sense of a fat bone of a halibut. Poss. the same word as globaben, mentioned in a diff. sense under gløbiben. Note, however, blogaben, sb., from which globaben may be thought to have arisen by metathesis of b and g.

globaben², globnaben, sb., see gløbiben.

globeren [glō··bərən·], sb., de g., the moon; a sea-term, tabu-name, used by fishermen. L. Prob. *glápari-nn (def. form), m., the glaring, staring one; Icel. glápa, vb., to stare, glare. Cf. Shetl. glom, glomer and glunt- (glont-) as tabu-names for the moon.

globi, globbi [glȯbi], adj., of dark, detached clouds, or showers: sleety, with heavy, sudden falls of rain; g. cloods [‘clouds’], detached, dark, sleety clouds, rain-clouds; g. shooers [‘showers’], sudden, sleety showers, = glob(b), sb. Conn. Deriv. of glob (globb), sb.

glod, sb., see glød, sb.

gloder¹ [glȯdər], sb., 1) a glow of heat from the sun; der’r a g. wi’ de sun (Uⁿ.); bright, fleeting sunshine between showers; de sun was ut [‘out’] wi’ a g.; der’r a g. ut. N.I. Also glöder [glödər]. 2) sunbeams passing through an opening, esp. through a window; de g. o’ de sun (U.). 3) reddish light, reddish streaks of light in the vicinity of the sun, a g. afore (o’, under) de sun (Fe.). — Hardly from O.N. glóð, f., red-hot embers, Shetl. glød (glod); more prob. from O.N. glitr- (glitra, vb., to glitter; shine), poss. through infl. of “glød, glod”. For the main vowel-sound in gloder may be compared, e.g. burt, bort, vb., from O.N. birta, brom = brim from O.N. brim.

gloder² [glȯdər], sb., a) a steep cleft through which a brook runs, forming a small waterfall; b) a brook running between steep banks. Also gløder [glødər]. Yⁿ. Now mostly as a place-name, e.g. de Gloder, Gløder o’ Hjafell [hjāfel] (Yⁿ.). — The word may stand for *golder, *gølder, by metathesis of l, and, in that case, is the same word as No. gyldra, f., a) a watercourse in a narrow cleft (Aa.); b) a very narrow cleft (R.). The definition indicates the form with “ø” to be the more probable, gloder b, as the name of a river, might poss. be the same as the Norwegian river-name “Glitra” (O. Rygh, No. Elvn.). For the vowel-change cf. the preceding word.

gloderet [glȯd··ərət·] and gloderi [glȯd··əri·], adj., 1) of a cloud: bright, whitish, through which the sun shines; esp. in the pl.: g. cloods [‘clouds’]. 2) of the air, the sky: charged, covered with whitish clouds through which the sun shines, a g. lift (atmosphere) or sky; — “g. wadder”, of weather of such a nature; “a g. mornin’”, a morning with g. lift, sky, wadder. N.I. — Prob.: *glitróttr, glittering; shining. See gloder¹, sb.

glodrek [glȯdrək, glȯd^ərək, glȯd··ərək·], sb., 1) a shapeless, sunken pile, esp. of a collapsed stack of peats, a ugly g. o’ a stakk; also used adjectivally: a ugly g. ting o’ a stakk. Sa. [glȯdrək, glȯd^ərək]. 2) a large, dense cloud (storm-charged cloud), immovable on the horizon, a cumulus. Y^h. and Fe. occas. [glȯd^ərək, glȯd··ərək·]. 3) a big, dark cloud with a whitish top through which the sun shines. Fe. [glȯd^ərək]. — The word can, in sense 1 as well as 2, be derived from a *klotr in sense of a globe, lump; cf. No. klotr, kloter, f., a globe, lump, and Sw. dial. klotr, kloter, n. and f., a clod of earth; a skittle. For the fig. use of the word for a cloud, cf. Da. klodesky, c., a big, dense cloud, a cumulus. Several indubitable instances of the change k > g, when initial, are found in Shetl. Norn; e.g.: glagg = klagg; glaks (gliks, glogs, gluks). See Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), § 33. Meaning 3 has doubtless arisen from a mingling of glodr-: *klotr with gloder¹, sb., from O.N. glitr-; see prec.

glodret [glȯd^ərət, glȯd··ərət·] and glodri [glȯd^əri, glȯd··əri·], adj., 1) of a cloud: large; dense; dark; a g. clood. 2) of the air, the sky: charged, covered with dense, dark rain- or thunder-clouds. N.I. From *klotr, and to be classed with glodrek, sb. Hardly so common as the preceding gloderet, with which it is easily confounded.

gloffi [glɔf(f)i, glåf(f)i], sb., a nickname (tabu-name, sea-term) for halibut. Uⁿ. *gluff-. Etym. doubtless the same word as Sw. dial. gluffi, n., a glutton (gluffa and gluffsa, vb., to gobble; No. glufsa, vb., to gobble, also to plunge; blurt out, etc.). — Gloffisblit (Uⁿ.) is found as the name of a fishing-ground where halibut is caught; see blit, sb.

gloffus [glȯf(f)os], sb., see glafos.

glog [glōg], vb., to cast furtive, watchful side-glances about, to g. aboot (aroond). Conn. May poss. be compared partly with Icel. glugga vb., to scrutinize, partly with Sw. dial. glokka and glogsa, vb., to steal a glance at.

gloger, gljoger [gᶅōgər], sb., foam on the surface of the sea from the backward-washing breakers. Wh. The same word as loger, ljoger [ᶅōgər], = loder [lȯdər] (recorded in Nm^s. and De.), from O.N. lauðr, lǫðr, n., lather; sea-foam. For the final g from an original ð in Shetl. Norn words, see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), § 29, the end. The initial g in gl(j)oger appears to be the old common Germ. prefix (ga), mentioned under gjoger¹, sb. See further loger (ljoger) and loder², sb.

glogg [glȯg(g)], sb., dirty slime scraped from fish, fish-g. Nm. Really the same word as glagg, klagg, sb., of something viscous, sticky and dirty; see klegg, sb.

glogs, sb., see gluks, sb.

*gloit¹, sb., see glotti (*glott), sb.

gloit² [glȯi‘t], sb., 1) a large bite; large portion of food; abundant meal. 2) a meal between the regular meal-times, a snack, a g. o’ meat. Nm^s. Really the same word as the Eng. glut, sb., but the form gloit, from an orig. *glott or *glutt, indicates that the word is old in Shetl. Cf. Sw. dial. glotten, adj., gluttonous, and Shetl. glutning (glotning, gloitnin’), sb., a glutton. For the change “ott [ɔƫ, ȯƫ] > oit” in Shetl. see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), § 19.

gloit³ [glȯi‘t], sb., a big, corpulent, clumsy and bent person, a great g. o’ a man. Nm^s. (Bard.). For *kloid from *klodd-? No. klodde, m., and klodda, f., a fat, heavy, corpulent figure, may poss. be compared. L.Sc. gloit, sb., differs in meaning (“lubberly inactive fellow, soft delicate person”: Jam.), but has, in any case with regard to the form, probably influenced the Shetl. word.

gloit⁴ [glɔit, glåit], sb., a slipping out with a jerk, esp. of a fishing-line which has chanced to stick fast to the sea-bottom, and is jerked loose again: de line ga’e [‘gave’] a g. or guid ut [‘went out’] wi’ a g. Uⁿ. *glott(r) for orig. *glettr; No. glett, m., a gliding; slipping. — More usual as a verb; see below.

gloit [glɔit, glåit], vb., to slide; slip; to become loose, esp. with a jerk, suddenly, of a fishing-line which has chanced to stick fast to the sea-bottom, and is carefully jerked up; de line gloited; I felt de line gloitin. Uⁿ. gloit from *glott: *glotta for orig. *gletta; No. gletta, vb., to slide; slip (Sw. dial. glätta, glinta). Besides gloit, is also used a form bloit [blɔit, blåit] (Uⁿ.).

gloitnin, sb., see glutning, sb.

gloks, sb., see gluks, sb.

glom [glōm (glō^əm)], sb., 1) a white stripe, esp. down the face of cattle (cows, sheep); a white g. doon [‘down’] deface. Conn.; L. 2) a faint light; dull gleam, esp.: a) moonlight; b) a low fire, the light from a fire half burnt out or from red-hot embers, “hit [‘it’] is just a g.” (Fo.). 3) de g.: the fishermen’s tabu-name, sea-term, for the moon; comm.; also “de glomer [glōmər].” More rarely (glom and glomer) as a tabu-name for a lamp (an open train-oil lamp, koli). — O.N. glámr, m., prop. a dull gleam or light, in poetry: the moon (Eg.); Icel. gláma, f., whiteness. — -er in glomer is prob. an orig. nom. -r (the suffixed r of the masc. gender), glom 1 is most prob. an orig. *gláma, f.; cf. esp. No. glaama, f., a bluish spot on the skin. — glom with a short o [glom], the evening twilight, “de g. o’ de eenin’ [‘evening’]”, recorded in S.Sh., may just as well be Eng. gloom, sb.

glom¹ [glōm, glō^əm], vb., 1) to grasp; to gather (in a heap), to g. togedder, to g. op; to g. op taatis [‘potatoes’], to take up potatoes, soiling oneself in so doing. Fe. 2) to scrape off (lightly), esp. of slightly washed face and hands; du’s only glomd aff o’ de face, you have not washed your face properly (Fe.). 3) to smear all over with dirt; mostly in perf. part. glomd, besmeared, soiled; his face was glomd wi’ dirt (Y.; Fe.). 4) in the expr. “to g. a fremd”, a) to take a coalfish off the hook, tabu-term, sea-term, used by fishermen; b) to pick the head of a coalfish (tabu-expr.). Fe. — Prob. the same word as grom¹, vb., to grasp; grip; rake, with a similar change of gr to gl as e.g. grabb > glabb. Cf. however L.Sc. glaum, vb., to grasp feebly; to fumble. Meaning 3 has poss. been confounded with the root *gróm-; Icel. grómr, m., and gróm, n., dirt; filth; see glomet², adj.

glom², vb., see glum, vb.

Gloma [glōma], sb., reported as the name for a hen. N.Roe. Prob. the same word as No. glaama, f., a woman with staring eyes, and bony, drawn, hollow-cheeked face.

glomek¹ [glōmək], sb., a white or light stripe down the face of an animal, esp. of cows and sheep (of horses usually: bles and snäi, sni²). Prop. the same word as glom, sb. 1.

glomek² [glōmək, glō^əmək], sb., 1) a paw; large hand; de glomeks, the hands, in joke or derision. 2) a dirty hand. Y., Fe. Deriv. of glom¹, vb. Cf. the relation between Sw. dial. grabb, f., Da. dial. grab, c., a coarse hand, and Sw. dial. grabba, Da. dial. grabbe, vb., to grasp roughly with the whole hand.

glomer [glōmər (glō^əmər)], sb., = glom, sb. 3.

glomet¹ [glōmət, glō^əmət], adj., 1) having a white, vertical stripe or spot on the face, esp. of cows and sheep: a g. coo, a g. sheep; also of horses (e.g. in Sa.), occas. = bleset and snäid, snid. 2) of sheep: white and grey, mixed in various shades, a g. sheep; in compds. in which the prevailing colour is denoted by a prefixed adjective: light-g., grey-g., dark-g., black-g. (Conn.). 3) a) pale, sickly-looking, g.-faced (U.); having a pale, thin face; b) having a long, sad face, g.-lookin’ (Du.). — *glámóttr, deriv. of *glám-, white colour; a dull light or gleam; see glom, sb. Icel. glámóttur, adj., = glámblesóttur, white-blazed, of a horse; No. glaamen (and glaamutt), adj., pale; sickly-looking, with staring eyes, and drawn, hollow-cheeked face; Sw. dial. glåmug, glåmut, adj., also sad-looking, pale and gaunt.

glomet² [glōmət], adj., dirty, having a begrimed face (striped with dirt); du ’s unco [‘very’] g. or g.-lookin’. N.Roe. Poss. the same word as Fær. grómutur, adj., begrimed, dirty, with change of gr- to gl-. See further glom¹, vb. (glom¹ 3).

glomin [glomɩn], sb., daybreak. Nm., Y^h. Deriv. of glom, sb.; poss. through infl. of L.Sc. gleamin’, sb., evening twilight, which in Shetl. is called hømin. Cf. Fær. (dags)-glæma, f., the first peep of day.

glonni [glɔn(n)i], vb., to gulp; to swallow (food) in large lumps. Prob. from *klunn- (lump); see further under glons, glonsa, sb.

glons [glɔ‘ns, glɔ‘nᶊ, glȯ‘nᶊ, glɔ̇‘nᶊ, glȯ‘ᶇs], sb., 1) a large lump (of food); an excessively large portion of food; very abundant meal; to tak’ a g.; a g. for a glutton. Fe. [glɔ‘ns, glɔ‘nᶊ, glɔ̇‘nᶊ]. Y^h. [glȯ‘ᶇs]. Ai. [glȯ‘nᶊ]. From Nm^s. is reported a form gloss (glosj) [glȯᶊ(ᶊ))], which must have arisen through assimilation of ns to ss; see gloss², sb. 2) a glutton. Y^h. [glȯ‘ᶇs]. — No. kluns, m., Da. dial. kluns, c., a lump; block of wood; a round, thick loaf, etc.; Sw. dial. kluns, m., a large knot; lump. From *klunn-; Icel. klunni, m., a clumsy person; Sw. dial. klunn, m., a block of wood; Shetl. glonni, vb., to swallow (in large lumps).

glons [glȯ‘ᶇs, glȯ‘ᶇᶊ] and glun(t)s [glo‘ntᶊ], vb., to gulp, esp. to swallow greedily and hastily in large lumps, g. and “g. doon [‘down’]”. Y^h. [glȯ‘ᶇs]. Nmⁿ. (N.Roe) and Conn. [glȯ‘ᶇᶊ]. Wests. occas. [glo‘ntᶊ]. *klunsa. See glons, sb. — In E.D.D. is quoted a form “glush”, which must have arisen from “glons(j)” through assimilation of “ns(j) [ᶇᶊ]” to “ssj [(ᶊ)ᶊ]”. See gloss², sb.

glonsa [glȯ‘ᶇᶊa] and glonska [glȯ‘ᶇᶊka], sb., an additional meal, taken in between the regular meal-times he’s ta’en [‘has taken’] a g. again. Fe. Deriv. of glons, sb.

glont¹ [glȯ‘ᶇt (glȯi‘nt, gᶅȯ‘ᶇt)], sb., 1) a hole; opening; narrow passage; to mak’ a g. [glȯ‘ᶇt, glȯi‘nt, gᶅȯ‘ᶇt] for de water to rin ut trough [‘run out through’] (Nm^w.). Sometimes also of a very small, narrow sound (e.g. between an islet and the mainland). Esh., Nm^w. [glȯ‘ᶇt, glȯi‘nt]. 2) a fissure; cleft (Mⁿ.: glȯ‘ᶇt and occas. glȯi‘nt), = rivek. 3) a) a cave; pit; puddle, a great g. [glȯ‘ᶇt (glȯi‘nt)] i’ de road (N.Roe); b) a deep hollow in a slope (Y^h.: glȯ‘ᶇt). 4) a hollow in the sea-bottom; a stretch of muddy sea-bottom, poor fishing-ground; to fa’ [‘fall’] upon a g. [glȯ‘ᶇt (glȯi‘nt)] Nmⁿ. (N.Roe). 5) a rent in a piece of cloth or in a garment (Y.: glȯ‘ᶇt, glȯi‘ᶇt). *glont in sense of a badly sewn, badly shaped garment, is doubtless another word (see glont⁴, sb.). — *glont- or *glunt- (glynt-). No. glott, m., f. and n., glutt and glytt, m., an opening; an interstice; a rent. A cognate form with nt: glänt, m., a small opening, is found in Sw. dial. For glont, in sense of a gleam of sun, momentary sunshine, see glunt¹, sb. (doubtless diff. from glont²).

glont² [glȯ‘ᶇt], sb., a faint light or gleam; just (only) a g.: de(r) wer’ scarcely a g. i’ de lamp, the lamp could scarcely burn; der’r no a g. on de hert [‘hearth’], there is no fire on the hearth. Fe. Doubtless to be classed with glunta, etc., sb.; q.v.

glont³ [glȯ‘ᶇt], sb., 1) a big, well-grown boy; a big, stout young man; a g. o’ a boy; he is grown a g. U^s., Y^s. 2) a large jelly-fish; medusa; in this sense also glunt [glo‘nt] and glunk [glo‘ŋk]. Yⁿ. — No. and Sw. glunt, Da. dial. glunte, m., a boy; in Sw. dial., as in Shetl., esp. of a well-grown boy.

glont⁴ [glȯ‘ᶇt (glȯi‘nt)], sb., a badly sewn and badly shaped garment; dat is just a g. Y^h. Doubtless the same word as klont (kloint), sb.; q.v.

glonter, sb., see glunta, etc.

glopen, glupen [glop^əɩn], adj., gluttonous; greedy; hungry. Nm.? No. glopen, adj., voracious, from glop, m., a) a gulp, mouthful; b) a glutton. Cf. glubet, adj.

glopen [glɔpən], perf. part. of glep, vb., to swallow; he was glopen it, he had swallowed it. Nm.

glopni, sb., see glupni, sb.

†gloss (glosj)¹ [glȯᶊ (glȯᶊᶊ)], sb., a pulp; hotch-potch; in a g.; de taatis [‘potatoes’] is gane [‘are gone’] i’ g.; puddle, in a g., in a sodden state (of a mass in a state of decomposition, muddy roads, etc.). S.Sh. Is the same word as No. klossa and klyssa (klysa), f., a soft mass. See gluks (gloks, glogs), sb., with a similar change of initial k to g, which is found in several Shetl. Norn words. The form gloss, glosj might, however, be L.Sc.; note L.Sc. glush, sb., anything in a state of pulp; snow, when beginning to melt.

gloss (glosj)² [glȯᶊ (glȯᶊᶊ)], sb., a large portion of food, a very abundant meal. Nm^s. Prob. from glons through assimilation of ns to ss; see glons, sb. 1.

glotning, sb., see glutning.

glotti [glɔti] and glutti [gloti], sb., an opening in a rock; a rent; small cleft; a glotti in a rock; a great glutti (rent) in a coat or in a pair o’ troosers [‘trousers’]. Wh. gloit [glȯi‘t]: Nm^s.-w.. In Nm^w. (Esh.), gloit also means a narrow passage, partly = glont¹, sb. 1. From U. is reported *glott [glåt (glå‘t)] and *gloit [glåit, glåi‘t] in a similar sense: an opening; passage; (narrow) interstice; obsolete as a real common noun, but used as a place-name, almost on the border of a common noun: “de Glott (Gloit) i’ de Sund”, denoting a narrow strait between two islets, named “de Sooth [‘south’]-holms o’ Widwik” (U^w.). “de Glott (Gloit) i’ de Sund” is the most prominent of the landmarks, by means of which a number of fishing-grounds are found, summed up under the name: “de Glott (Gloit) i’ de Sund”. — No. glott, m., f. and n., glutt, glytt, m., an opening; interstice; a rent. — Cf. glont¹, sb.

glover, sb., see gløver, sb.

glu [glū, gᶅū], vb., to glow, give light; to shine, esp. to emit a kind of phosphorescent light; cat’s een [‘eyes’] glus or is gluin [glūɩn, gᶅūɩn] i’ de dark; de emers [‘embers’] glus (is gluin); soor [‘sour’] fish glus (is gluin). Fe. O.N. glóa, vb., to glow; glitter.

glub [glūb (gᶅūb)], sb., 1) a gap; ravine. Y^h. [glūb]. 2) appetite, recorded as a tabu-word in the foll. exprs., in fishermen’s lang.: der’r nae [‘no’] g. on de fish, the fish will not bite. U. [gᶅūb]. 3) a greedy person, desirous of food; a glutton; greedy animal; partly as an intensive in the compd. “glutton-g.” Y. and Fe. [glūb]. — No. glup, m., a gap; ravine; glop, m., also in sense of a glutton.

glubet [glūbət], adj., very desirous of food, very hungry; a g. dog. Y., Fe. From glub, sb.

glubien [glū··biən·], sb., a glutton, (intensive) in the compd. “glutton-g.” Y^h. *glúpingr. See glub, sb. In No. gluping, m., is found in a diff. sense (a fine fellow: R.).

“glug”, sb., see gligg¹, sb.

gluggi [glog(g)i], sb., a small, round, flat cake, formerly baked in embers, but later toasted; commonly made of “bursten” (q.v.); a bursten-g. Du. Prob. the same word as Ork. gloggo, sb., a mixture of bursten and milk (for the diff. between Ork. and Shetl. bursten, see under bursten). “gloggo” must be cognate with Shetl. glogs, in a similar sense; see gluks, sb.

glukast [glūkast, gᶅū-], glukasti [glukas·ti], sb., 1) a large heap; quantity, esp. of potatoes, baked in embers; a g. o’ taatis [‘potatoes’]: Uⁿ. (glukast and -kasti); he “laid in” a glukast, he put a large quantity of potatoes into the embers (to be baked): U^{n. and w.} 2) a very large portion of food; too much fodder; to gi’e de coo a glukast at de ane time and starve her at de tidder [‘other’], to give the cow too much fodder one day and starve her the next: N.Roe [gᶅūkast]. 3) a snack, light repast, esp. potato-mash, or potatoes dipped in cod-liver oil; also in a wider sense: a meal taken by hungry persons, unable to wait for the regular meal-time; “he canno [‘-not’] wait lang [‘long’]; he is on wi’ his glukast again”. Y^h. [glūkast]. — Meanings 2 and 3 seem to presuppose an orig. *glúp-kǫstr. For the first part of the compd. see ante, glub, sb.; with kast (kasti) in sense of a heap, quantity, cf. O.N. kǫstr (kast-), m., a heap of objects flung together. With ref. to glukast(i) 1 there might, however, also be supposed an orig. *glóð-kǫstr, a heap of embers raked together (in which something is baked).

gluks [gloks], gloks [glɔks], glugs [glogs], glogs [glɔgs, glȯgs], sb., a thick mass: a) gruel; in the N.I. esp. of oatmeal stirred in hot water, = gliks; sometimes also (e.g. in U.) a mass mixed of meal and bland (whey and water). Often used as a disparaging expr. of too thick milk-pottage, regular glogs (Uⁿ.). In Conn. occas. of lumps in porridge; “du lets (is lettin’) it a’ [‘all’] geng [‘go’] i’ gluks, a-gluks”, you are letting the porridge get lumpy (you are not stirring the porridge well); b) a thick, muddy mass. Y. and Fe. [glȯgs]; in glogs, adhesive, of a moist mass. — gluks and gloks: Conn. glugs and glogs: U. [glogs, glȯgs: Uⁿ.; elsewhere alternating with “glɔgs”]. glogs: Y. and Fe. [glȯgs]. — Cf. No. kleksa and klyssa (under klessa and klysa respectively), f., a soft lump or mass; Germ. klecks, m., a smudge. gluks (glugs) appears to be a *kluks(a) from *klyksa; gloks (glogs) either from *klaks(a) or *kluks(a), *klyksa. — See glaks and gliks, sbs.

glum [glūm (glô^əm)], vb., to look or be suspicious; to suspect, to g. upon a ting, to have a suspicion of something being not quite right, that there is something wanting; I glumd as muckle, I thought as much. N.I. Also in the compd. “to ill-glum”; q.v. No. gluma, vb., to scowl (R.), glyma, vb., to look morose, also to have a sly look; L.Sc. gloum, gloom, vb., to look morose or sullen.

glums¹ [glo‘ms], sb., a pit; hollow; depression, esp. in sand, in sandy ground; a sandy g. Y^w. (W.Sw.). Either for *glufs (cf. below glums, vb.) and, in that case, the same word as No. glufsa, f., a narrow ravine, or to be classed with No. glumstra, f., a narrow, dark defile.

glums² [glo‘ms (glo‘mps)], sb., 1) a snap at something with one’s mouth, a greedy bite; to mak’ or tak’ a g. 2) an angry flaring up at someone; a snappish yelp; an angry, rough address; he got op [‘up’] in a g., he flared up at me in a rage; he ga’e a g. at me, a) it (the dog) gave an angry yelp at me; b) he treated me with a curt and rough address. 3) a muttered, indistinct remark or speech (Uⁿ.). “glo‘ms” is the usual pronunc.; glo‘mps: Uⁿ. occas. See glums, vb.

glums [glo‘ms (glo‘mps)], vb., 1) to snap at something with one’s mouth; to eat greedily, to take large mouthfuls; de coo [‘cow’] glumses (is glumsin). 2) to flare up angrily at someone; to yelp snappishly (of dogs); to address curtly and roughly; he glumst at me, a) it (the dog) yelped snappishly at me; b) he addressed me curtly and roughly. 3) to mumble; talk indistinctly, snapping one’s words; he glumst his words, he glumst somet’in’ [‘something’] ut o’ him (Uⁿ.). “glo‘ms” is the usual pronunc.; glo‘mps: Uⁿ. occas. In Clumlie, Du., glums is recorded in the same sense as glams, vb. — glums is doubtless only a parallel form to glams, vb., to snap, bite, but seems to have absorbed another word to which it corresponds fully as well in its diff. meanings and applications, viz.: *glupsa, No. glufsa and glupsa, vb., a) to snap with one’s mouth; to gobble; b) to yelp.

glumsek [glo‘mᶊək], sb., a large mouthful; large draught. U. Deriv. of glums, vb.

glumset [glo‘msət], adj., that speaks in a gruff, blustering way; a g. body. glumst [glo‘mst], of a gruff, fierce appearance (Conn., Du.). — Deriv. of glums, vb. 2.

glunka [glo‘ŋka], sb., only recorded in the phrase: “de hole o’ g.”, denoting a bottomless pit; gane [‘gone’] i’ de hole o’ g., disappeared into a bottomless pit, gone for ever. N.I. Prop. a place-name? Prob. an older *glumka, deriv. of *glum-, No. glumm, m., a deep, narrow, gloomy part of a dale (R.); cf. No. glumra and glymja, f., a dark ravine (R.). For the derivative ending -ka cf. the Norwegian name of a river: “Glunka” (Rygh, Norske Elvenavne), explained by S. Bugge as *Glumka, formed from O.N. glymja, vb. (to roar; boom; clash).

glunt¹ [glo‘nt], sb., a gleam of sunshine, momentary sunshine between dense clouds; de sun is [‘has’] been ut [‘out’] a g., the sun has been out, has shone for a moment. Fe. A parallel form to glint, sb.; q.v. For the relation between glint and glunt, cf. blind and blont, blink.

glunt² (glunk), sb., see glont³, sb. 2.

glunta [glo‘nta], gluntek [glo‘ntək], glunti [glo‘nti], glunter [glo‘ntər, gloⁱ‘ntər] and glonter [glȯ‘ᶇtər (glȯi‘ntər)], sb., sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for a) the moon, de g.; b) a lamp, open train-oil lamp (koli). Wests., etc. glunta, glunti: Ai. gluntek, glunti: Sa. glunter: Fo. glonter: Conn., etc. The form from Conn. is only recorded in sense of a (train-oil) lamp, esp. in the expr. “to djadd de glonter”, to snuff the wick of the lamp, = to burt or bort de glonter; see burt, vb. — Prop. something producing a faint light or gleam. Deriv. of *glun- or *glon-. Cf. Sw. dial. glona, gluna, glana, Da. dial. glyne, No. glana, glaana, vb., to stare, gaze; No. glane, m., a luminous spot on the horizon. For the development of the meaning in Shetl. cf. glom (glomer), sb., from *glám-.

glunts, vb., see glons, vb.

glupen, adj., see glopen, adj.

glupni [glopni] and glopni [glɔpni, glȯpni], sb., a glutton, a greedy person or animal. Fe^w.: glupni. Y. (Y^m.): glupni and glopni; a “glupni” o’ a dog. Formed from glupen, glopen, adj. (see glopen). Cf. glub (g. 3) and glubien, sbs.

glur [glūr (glur)], sb., 1) of sunshine: a) sunshine through a slight haze or through rifts in the clouds. U. (U^wg.); Fo.; cf. glir, sb.; b) warm sunshine after rain or between showers; he is a g.; Nm^w. (Nm^g.). 2) a light in the dark, phosphorescent light, e.g. of fish turning putrid, hung up to dry. U. (Uⁿ.); Y. 3) very dim light, a g. o’ light. N.Roe. *glór. See glur, vb.

glur [glūr (glur)], vb., 1) to stare; gaze; cf. glurek, sb. 2) of the sun: to shine through a slight haze or through rifts in the clouds (U^wg.; Fo.), to shine warmly after rain or between showers (Nm^g.); a glurin sky, a hazy sky of a pink tint and with sporadic sunshine (Fo.). 3) to shine in the dark, to emit a phosphorescent light; een [‘eyes’] glurin i’ de dark; of fish turning putrid, when hung up to dry: glurin fish, de fish glurs (is glurin) i’ de dark. U. (Uⁿ.); Y. 4) to shine or burn faintly; de light glurs (is glurin). N.Roe. — *glóra. No. and Sw. dial. glora, Icel. glóra, vb., to gleam; glitter; stare; gaze.

glurek [glūrək], sb., an eye, tabu-name, used by fishermen at sea, esp. in the pl.: de glureks, the eyes. Deriv. of glur, vb. 1. Cf. O.N. glyrna, f., an eye (cat’s eye).

gluster [glustər], sb., a hasty flaring up at someone; a cross reply; a curt, rough address; he had a g. wi’ him, he spoke (answered) curtly and roughly without giving any real information. Uⁿ. Prob. for *glufster. See gluster, vb.

gluster [glustər], vb., to flare up hastily at someone; to reply crossly; to address (answer) someone curtly and roughly, he glusterd at me. Uⁿ. Assimilates in meaning to glums, vb. 2. Prob. for *glufster, extended form of *glufsa, *glupsa, vb., to snap with the mouth, to yelp, No. glufsa and glupsa.

glutning [glotnɩŋ] and glotning [glȯⁱtniŋ], sb., a glutton. Fe. Also gloitnin [glȯitnɩn] (Nm.). The occurrence of Shetl. gloit, sb., a large bite, abundant meal, indicates that glutning also may be a Norn word and not derived from the Eng. glutton, sb. See gloit², sb.

glutt [glot], sb., = glutning. Un. See the notes under gloit2, sb., and glutning, sb.

gløb¹ [glø̄b, glø̄^əb] and gløbi [glø̄bi], sb., a good mouthful; large portion; fine (large) gift, esp. ironically of a trifling gift; yon [‘that’] is a gløb I’m [‘I have’] gotten; I’m gotten a gløbi noo. Also in the form glep [glɛp, glæp]. Fe. *gløypr. Icel. gleypur, No. gløyp, Fær. gloypur, m., a good bite, mouthful. Cf. glep, vb.

gløb² [glø̄^əb], sb., dirty slime scraped from fish, = glogg. Nm. Prob. a deriv. of *glý-; No. glya, f., slime; soft stuff.

gløbiben, -bane [gløb··iben·], sb., a small, round bone between the thigh-bone and the shin-bone of an animal; a small bone with a socket, into which the ball of the thigh-bone fits; de g. o’ de coo [‘cow’]; de coo is fa’en [‘fallen’] and is [‘has’] broken her g. Wests. (Ai., Nunsbr., Sa.). Other forms: globaben [glȯb··aben·] (U^c.); gløbniben [glø̄··bəniben·] (Fe. occas. and Y. occas.); globnaben [glȯb··naben·] (Y^h.); gløvnaben or gløvneben [glø̄v··nabēn·, -bĕn·, glø̄v··nə-, gløv··əna-] (Fe. occas. and Y. occas.: gløv··ənaben·; U^{n., w.}: glø̄v··nabēn·, -bĕn·, glø̄v··nə-); glovnaben [glȯv··naben·] (U^s.) and glibiben [glɩb··iben·] (Ai. occas. [W. Burraf.]). In Du. shortened to gløvi. — gløb- from an orig. *gløyp- (O.N. gløypa, gleypa, No. gløypa, vb., to gape; swallow); cf. Icel. gleypubein (“gleipu-bein” in B.H. with reference to a “smjörvasegi”, which, however, is not to be found in the dictionary), orally reported in the same sense as Shetl. gløbiben. — glob- may either have arisen from gløb- or be an orig. *glop- (No. glop, n., a hole; gap; opening); gløbn-, gløvn-, seem to presuppose *gløypn- (gløypnarbein from *gløypn, f.?), and glibi- a *glip- (No. and. Sw. díal. glipa, vb., to gape; to be ajar, = gløypa 2 in Aa.). — A globaben, in a diff. sense, is found in Unst; q.v. — Cf. klovaben, sb.

glød [glød], sb., 1) red-hot embers; a fire burnt down to embers (opp. to bol, es, bas, denoting a flaming fire); a g. o’ fire; de fire is in a g., the fire has burnt down, is lying in embers. 2) a faint light from the fire on the hearth; der’r a g. frae de fire, a g. i’ de fire. 3) a strong, brief heat from the sun; warm, bright sunshine after rain or betweeen showers; de sun was ut wi’ a g.; a g. atween shooers [‘between showers’]; a g. o’ bet [‘heat’]; a sun-g. comm. Also (more rarely) glod [glȯd]. Originates doubtless from O.N. glóð, f., red-hot embers, though glóð regularly ought to have given *glu(d) in Shetl. The form glød may have arisen through infl., partly a) with ref. to the vowel-sound: from the old pl. form (O.N. glœðr) and the verb glød, O.N. glœða, to glow, partly b) with ref. to the final d: from synonymous words, such as glid, sb., and gloder¹, sb.; q.v.

glød [glød], vb., to glow, lie in embers or burnt down, of fire; de fire gløds, is glødin = de fire is in a glød. N.I. O.N. glœða, vb., to glow.

glöder, sb., see gloder¹, sb.

gløder, sb., see gloder², sb.

gløver [gløvər] and glover [glȯvər], sb., a broad cleft in the soil, esp. a cleft or deep gully of a stream. S.Sh. Now mostly as a place-name: de Gløver or Glover (in several places in Conn.); de burn o’ de Gløver (Conn.); de Gløver o’ Sundebanks (Quarf^w., S.Sh.); de Glover (a house in Fladab., C.). As the first part of compds. in place-names, the word is noted down in Gloversberg [glȯv··ərsbærg·, gləv··ərs-] (C.) and “de Glofrahwæis [glɔ̇f··rahwäis·]” (Fe.): *gljúfra (glyfra-, glufra)-kvíar (see Shetl. kwi, sb.). — O.N. gljúfr, n., a ravine (prop. the rocks enclosing such a ravine on both sides); No. glyvra and gluvra, f., Fær. glyvur [gli̇̄vȯr], n., a small ravine. — gløver may spring either from gljúfr or *glyfr-; glover and *glofra- mainly point back to *glyfr-, *glufr- (No. glyvra, gluvra). — A form gljur, prob. from O.N. gljúfr, is reported from Uⁿ. and Fo.; see gljur, sb.

gneg [gnɛg, gnæg], vb., to gnaw; de dog gnegs (is gnegin) de ben, the dog gnaws the bone. Conn. O.N. gnaga, vb., to gnaw. Cf. hnag (hnjag) and nag (njag), vbs.

go [gō], vb., in the phrase: “he (shø) ’ll nedder [‘neither’] sto or go”, he (she) will neither stand nor go, has no mɩnd to do anything (Yⁿ.), is hardly Eng. go, as go in Shetl. is always represented by geng [O.N. ganga, L.Sc. gang, geng]. The phrase: “sto or go” points to an old Danicism in Shetl. Norn (stand or go instead of go or stand). Cf. “gá” and “stá” in the Fær. ballads = “ganga” and “standa”. In Yⁿ., where the above-mentioned expr. is noted down, an old burial formula is preserved, which is partly, at any rate, in the old Danish language, and reads: “staa”, stand, and “laar”, lets (3rd pers. sing. pres. of lade, vb., to let, vb.) — see Introd. (Fragments of Norn).

gob [gȯb], sb., a puddle, a muddy or swampy spot. Du. Cf. No. gop, n., an abyss, and gopel, m., a muddy mass. gob [gȯb (gɔb)] and gobins [gɔbins], pl., in sense of foam (foaming, fatty substance; lather); froth, on the other hand, is another word, viz.: Gael. cobhar, sb., foam.

gobal [gobal·], sb., noisy mirth in rushing about; to had [‘hold’] a g., to make noisy mirth. Yⁿ. (Glup). The first part go- springs either from O.N. gauð, No. gaud (gau, gø, go), n., a barking, (in No.:) noise, roar, or is an abbr. of gol (roar), which is found in compds., such as “gol-blaw, gol-stew”, sbs.; see gol, sb. bal is No. bal, n., noise; racket; din.

god [gȯd], sb., 1) spawn, fish-g., = No. and Icel. got, n. 2) by dropping of the last part of the compound: the place in which the fish spawn, fish-g., — No. gotstad, gotplass, m.

god¹ [gȯd], vb., of fish: to spawn-, de troot [‘trout’] is gane [‘gone’] op de burn to g. U. No. gota, vb., = gjota, vb., to spawn.

god² [gȯd], vb., to work in a soft mass in a slatternly manner, soiling oneself; to g. i’ de fish, to g. i’ de taatis [‘potatoes’]. Also in a wider sense: to work awkwardly, to poke or rake in something, to g. in (atill) de wark [‘work’], to g. (sit godin) i’ de fire, to poke the fire with the tongs, esp. needlessly or awkwardly. N.Roe. The word may poss., in the sense first given, be compared with No. gota, f., a melted mass (Aa.), and with Sw. gytja, f., mud. The foll. meanings have doubtless arisen from the meaning first given; but with ref. to god, in sense of to poke the fire, No. gota = gata, vb., to stake out, to bore, might also be thought of. See goit¹ sb., and goit¹, vb., which confirm the parallelism of god to “gota, gytja”.

*goda [(gȯda) ꬶȯda] and *gøda [(gøda) ꬶøda], sb., a road, path. Fe. Now only as a plac-name, but occas. alternating with “gate [gɛt (get), ꬶɛt]”, generally used as a common noun in sense of road, path (L.Sc. gate, gait), so that the meaning of goda (gøda) is still understood in some places, e.g. Sturagoda, -gøda [stū··raꬶȯd·a, -ꬶød·a], alternating with the later form “Stura-gate [stū··raꬶɛt·] (Fe^f.): *stóra gata, “the large path”, now a cultivated piece of land. Bregoda, -gøda [brē··ꬶȯd·a, -ꬶød·a] (Fe^h.): *breið-gata “the broad path". de Midgødins [mɩd··gød·ɩns] (Y.), two hillocks near the road between Mid-Yell and West Sandwick: *miðgǫturnar, “the mid-ways". As the first part of the compd. in e.g. Godateng [gȯd··atæŋ·] (Ai.), a tongue of land, across the neck of which a path runs: *gǫtu-tangi, “way-tongue"; Gødate-gate [gød··ate·-gɛt] (Levenwick, Du.): *gǫtu-teigr and *gǫtu-teigs-gata (te = teg, sb., a strip of land; piece of a field). The word is found as a place-name with preserved t: Gota, Got; thus, e.g. Stakkagota [stak··aꬶȯt·a] (Ai^w.), the name of a path, by which peat is transported from the peat-stacks in the out-field: *stakka-gata. Got [gɔt, gōt] is found in several places as the name of a farm: in Laxfirth, Ti. [gɔt], in Conn. [gɔt], and in Du. [gōt]. An old road, called “de gate o’ Got”, runs past “Got” in Laxfirth. Got from an ancient “*í Gǫtu” with a later dropped prep.; cf. Fær. “í Gøtu” as the name of a village in Østerø; in Norway the word is commonly used as a name of farms: Gate, Gutu. — O.N. gata (accus., gen., dat.: gǫtu), f., a road, path.

godek [gōdək (gō^ədək), gȯdək], sb., a riddle, something to guess; to lay op godeks. comm. “gȯdək” is now the more freq. form of pronunc.; the older form “gōdək (gō^ədək)”, with a long o, is peculiar to U., Fe. and Fo. Two other forms are found in S.Sh.: a) gødek [gødək] (Du.), and b) wodek [wȯdək] for *gwodek. — O.N. gáta, f., a riddle.

*goden [godən], adj., good, noted down in the expr.: “*g. dag (dagh)!” good day! Fo. From Walls (Wests.) is reported as an old Foula-greeting “goga daga (gaga), goga!” good day, my good (good man or woman)! — goden (goga) in “g. dag” is O.N. góðan, acc. sing. masc. of góðr, adj., good. goga in sense of (my) good man or woman corresponds, in address, to Fær. góðin (def. form), my good man, and góðan (def. form), my good woman.

godet [gōdət, gō^ədət], adj., minded; tempered; in a certain mood or state of mind, esp. in conn. with “weel [‘well’]” and “ill”: weel g., in a good temper, contented, and “ill g., ill-g.”, in a bad temper; discontented and taciturn; disobliging; malicious. Also gudet [gūdət], weel or ill gudet. Uⁿ. *gáðr, gǫ́ðr from gá, gǫ́? O.N. gá, vb., to pay attention to something. No. gaa, vb., a) to notice, to be aware; b) to feel, to be sensible of; of state of mind: to feel uneasy, to feel a want or longing. Icel. gáðr, adj. (prop. perf. part. of gá, vb.), cautious (B.H.); in one’s right senses; sober.

gof, sb. and vb., see guf, sb. and vb.

gofs, sb., gofset, adj., see gufs, gufset.

gog¹ [gōg], sb., a dirty stripe or spot, a g. doon [‘down’] ower de face, a dirty g. Sa., Du. In Nmⁿ. (N.Roe): gjog [gjō^əg, gjog], a dirty g.; black gjogs in a puir [‘poor’] fish. Is doubtless etym. associated with gogl, sb.; cf. gag, gog², gagl and gogl, sbs. — Another gog [gōg], reported from Sa. in sense of a small hollow or hole in the soil, is most prob. Celt. — cf. Gael. and Cymr. gag [gág], sb., a cleft;fissure; opening, Gael. (Irish) gobhag [goug], sb., a fissure; split; cave, etc. — although one might also think of Icel. gygja, f., “(apparently) a hollow; pit-fall (E.J., Suppl.). From N.Roe is reported gjog [gjō^əg] in sense of a narrow hollow; see gjog², sb.

gog² [gog, gɔg, gȯg], sb., dirty slime scraped from fish, fish-g. comm.; mostly pronounced “gȯg”. For the possible etymology of the word see below gogl, sb. Cf. gor, sb.

gog¹ [gōg], vb., to make dirty; to soil. goget [gōgət], perf. part. and adj., soiled; filthy. Conn. From gog¹, sb.

gog² [(gog, gɔg) gȯg], vb., to besmear with slime from fish, esp. in perf. part. goget [(gogət, gɔgət) gȯgət], besmeared with dirty slime from fish, gog², sb.

goger [gōgər, gō^əgər], sb., 1) a kind oflarge fishing-hook; now commonly used of any fishing-hook above the usual size; a great g. o’ a hook; a turbot [‘halibut’]-g. 2) a very big needle; a big knitting-needle. N.I. (Yⁿ.) and Nm^{n., w.} [gōgər, gō^əgər]. Du. [gōgər]. From Nm^w. (Esh.) only reported in sense 1. — Icel. goggr, m., an iron hook used by fishermen (B.H.).

goget [gōgət] and gjoget [gjōgət], adj., striped; covered with dirty stripes; soiled; dy [‘your’] face is a’ [‘all’] g. Du.: goget and gjoget. Nm.: gjoget. Deriv. of gog¹, sb.

gogi, sb., see kogi², sb.

gogl [gog^əl, gɔg^əl, gȯg^əl], sb., mire; (soft) dirt; filth. N.I. (U.: gog^əl, gɔg^əl; otherwise more commonly: gȯg^əl). O.N. gogli, m., mire; mud. See gagl, sb.

gogl [gog^əl, gɔg^əl, gȯg^əl], vb., 1) to soil; to dirty. 2) to work with the hands in a moist, dirty substance; to g. [gog^əl] i’ de golgrav (liquid manure) (Uⁿ.). Deriv. of gogl, sb.

goieg, goiek [gɔiəg, gåiəg, -ək], sb., 1) a snow-man, = gøk. Uⁿ. 2) a young coalfish, “May-piltek” (in its second year), a young coalfish gambolling on the surface of the water. Mostly used as a tabu-name at sea, occas. a) = May-piltek, occas. b) of young coalfish used for bait, hand me twa’rtree [‘two or three’ = some] goiegs wi’ dee! (U^wg.), occas. c) of young coalfish in general. U. (U^w.) and Y. (Y^w.). goiek is reported from Wh. in sense 2 b. — Prob. O.N. gaukr, m., properly a cuckoo, but also means a fool, simpleton (thus No. gauk; Germ. Gauch; Eng. gawk; L.Sc. gowk, gouk). No. gaukpale, m., in sense of a two-year-old coalfish (R. Suppl. or “New Suppl.”), confirms the etymology given with reference to goieg (goiek) 2. goieg, -ek may have arisen from an older form *gjog (*gjok).

goil-blaw, sb., see gol-blaw, sb.

goild, sb., see gold.

goilmoget, adj., see golmoget, adj.

goisteros, -ous [gåi··stərȯs·], adj., stormy, with high wind, of weather; g. wadder. Fo. The word is prob. a mingling of Shetl. forms, such as gouster, guster with Eng. boisterous, adj. With ref. to goister, it might also be reasonable to think of an older *gjoster (Icel. and Fær. gjóstur, No. gjoster, m., a current of air; draught of air).

goit¹ [gȯi‘t (gɔ̇i‘t)], sb., a soft, slimy mass; pulp; disorderly mixture. Y^h. Prob. for (*gjot or) *gotj. No. gota, f., a melted mass (in Aa., uncertain), Sw. gytja, f., mire; mud. — See further god², vb., and goit¹, vb., as well as goitel, sb. and vb.

goit² [gȯit], sb., a hole; opening; tear, e.g. in a thatched roof. Conn. Must be O.N. gat, n., a hole; opening. See gad², sb., and ga³, sb. For goit in the sense of a gutter; cleft; a narrow, fenced road, see further gotek, goti, sb.

goit³, goitek, goiti, sb., (a doorcase), threshold; a log of wood laid down, etc.; see gott, gotti, sb.

goit¹ [gȯi‘t (gɔ̇i‘t)], vb., to root in a soft substance, to work in a careless, awkward manner, soiling oneself; to rake and poke in something, to g. i’ de fire, = to god i’ de fire. Y^h. To be classed with goit¹, sb.

goit² [gȯit, gȯi‘t], vb., to peer out (stretching one’s neck); to g. i’ de door, to stand in the doorway peering out. Easts. No. gytta, vb., gytta i døra (R.), id.

*goit, adj. (n. sing.), see *gott, adj.

goitel [gȯi‘təl, gɔ̇i‘təl], sb., mire; filth; heap of refuse; goitels, pl., a lock [‘lot’] o’ goitels, a quantity of dirt (really heaps of refuse). Y^h. The word is an l-deriv. of goit¹, sb.

goitel (gotel) [gȯi‘təl, gɔ̇i‘təl, gȯⁱtəᶅ] and gotjel [gȯƫəl], vb., 1) to root in (soft, moist) dirt (goitel); to goitel in dirt (Y^h.: gȯi‘təl, gɔ̇i‘təl); to work in a slimy mass, to be occupied in gutting fish, to gotjel in fish (Fe.: gȯƫəl). 2) to work in an awkward, untidy or wrong manner, as vb. a.: to goitel (gotel) onyting [‘something’] (Yⁿ.: gȯⁱtəᶅ); to goitel ut de life o’ a baess [‘beast’], to kill an animal in an awkward, wrong manner; to torture an animal to death (Nm^s.: gȯi‘təl). — In sense 1 the verb goitel, gotjel agrees with the subst. goitel. Sense 2 has doubtless arisen from sense 1. With ref. to sense 2, cf. No. gytja, vb., (to trifle; tattle) to wriggle, rock; to tamper with.

goithol, sb., see gothol, sb.

goitlin [gȯitlin], sb., a little boy.

goitrif, -riv, sb., see gotrif, -riv, sb.

gok [gɔk, gåk, gō^ək], sb., 1) a simpleton, a country-g. [gɔk, gåk]. 2) a person idling about from one house to another; Du. [gō^ək]. O.N. gaukr, m., a cuckoo, also a fool, simpleton. See further under goieg, goiek, and gøk, sb.

gok [gō^ək (gɔk, gåk)], vb., to ɩdle about from one house to another; to geng gokin [gō^əkɩn] aboot (frae hoose till hoose); to geng gokin [(gɔkɩn) gåkɩn] wi’ de head i’ de air. Du. Deriv. of gok, sb. 2.

gol¹ [gol, gȯl], sb., 1) wind; a breeze; esp. in compds., such as: a) sea-g., a sea-breeze; a fresh breeze (Fe.: gȯl); b) sun-g., wind at noon when the sun is high (U^mo: gol, gȯl), = Fær. sólgul. 2) swell in the sea before or after a storm; swell with great, long waves, a g. i’ de sea, g. and bak; Du. [gol, gȯl]. In sense 2 also a) gola, goli (S.Sh.); b) gøl (Conn.). 3) fig. (Yⁿ.), of ostentation, brag, in the compd. “gol [gȯᶅ, gȯil]-blaw”, sb.; q.v. — O.N. gol and gul, n., squall of wind; blast.

gol² [gȯl], sb., a mock-sun; a luminous spot in the sky; a gleam of sun, suggestive of approaching bad weather, recorded in the compds. “sun-g.” and “sea-g.” a) sun-g., a dull gleam from or around the sun, harbinger of bad weather (Fe.); der’r a sun-g. op; also burning sunshine: he cam’ ut wi’ a sun-g.; de(r) wer [‘there was’] a sun-g. F de mornin’, the sun was burning this morning after the rain, harbinger of approaching bad weather (Fe.); b) sea-g., bright spot, fragment of a rainbow on the horizon, harbinger of rough, stormy weather (W.Burraf., Ai.). — Is doubtless the same word as gil³, sb., but poss. influenced by gol¹, sb., which is also used as the first part in compds. with “sun” and “sea”.

†gol³, sb., see gowl, sb.

gola [gola (gȯla)], sb., 1) wind; blast, sea-term, tabu-name, used by fishermen. Fo. [gola]. 2) bad weather with strong wind. Ai. [gola, gȯla]; cf. golalek, adj. 3) swell in the sea, either before or after a gale, = gol¹, sb. 2, and gøl, sb. 2; a g. F de sea. Sandw., Du. [gola]. In senses 1 and 3 the form goli [goli, gɔli] is also found in Du.; he is blawin’ a (dry) goli, a fresh breeze is blowing; he is makin’ a goli f(r)ae de sooth-east, a swell from the south-east is setting shorewards. — O.N. gola, gula, f., a squall of wind; blast.

golalek [(gol··alek·) gȯl··alek·], adj., of weather: suggestive of strong wind; g. wadder; g. sky; he is very g., the appearance of the sky indicates windy and rough weather. Ai. Prob.: “golalike”. From gola, sb.

golatang [gol··ataŋ·], sb., a species of yellowish seaweed with thick, yellow stalks, growing on the sea-shore above the so-called skillatang (furthest below “de red-war’”). Y^h., N.Roe? *gol(a)- or *gul(a)þang. O.N. gulr (golr), adj., yellow. For the second part, see tang, sb.

gol [gȯᶅ, gȯil]-blaw, sb., “gas”, ostentation; brag. Yⁿ. Is the same word as gol¹, sb., blast, with a tautological addition of L.Sc. blaw, pronounced blâ in Shetl.

golblot, vb., and golbloted, adj., see gorblot, vb., and gorbloted.

golbrøl [gȯᶅ·brø̄l·, -brø̄^əl], sb., a loud or continuous lowing of a cow. comm. In Du.: golbrol [gȯᶅ·brō^əl·]. *gaul-b(r)aul. The first part of the compd. is O.N. gaul, n., a howling, in Shetl. uncompounded gjol; the second part is brøl, sb., a bellow.

golbrøl [gȯᶅ-brø̄l·, -brø̄^əl·], vb., to low loudly or continuously, said of a cow. comm. In Du.: golbrol [gȯᶅ·brō^əl·]. From F.I. is reported boilgrol [bɔil·grōl·] for goilbrol by metathesis of g and b. — *gaulb(r)aula. See golbrøl, sb., and brøl, vb.

gold, goild [gȯᶅd (gȯild)], sb., a strong, sultry heat, a short period of strong heat, a g. o’ a heat. Yⁿ. or Nmⁿ. Prob. the same word as old, oild [ȯᶅd], sb., sultry heat, partly = øl (O.N. ylr, m., heat). The initial g is, in that case, the old prefix; with ref. to this, see gjoger¹, gl(j)oger, sbs., and goldet, adj.

gold, vb., see goldet, adj.

golder [gåldər, gɔldər (goldər)], sb., 1) noisy, unintelligible talk, = galder. Sa. [gåldər]; Nm. [gɔldər (goldər)]. 2) a strong gust of wind; hard (really noisy) blast, = galder; a g. o’ wind; Nm. [gɔldər (goldər)]. 3) a rushing noise from a quantity of water, de g. o’ a burn; surf, a g. in aboot de shore; uproar in the sea, a g. i’ de sea, de g. o’ de sea; eddy, foaming water rising from the stem of a boat or ship at full speed (= fross², froti); de boat is settin a g. f(r)ae her. Nm. [gɔldər (goldər)]. — The word is a parallel form to galder, sb. For the alternation of a and o in Shetl. Norn, see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), § 1. L.Sc. “golder, gulder” is used in sense of a yell or loud cry-, a vigorous exclamation; boisterous and threatening speech, but acc. to Jam., not of wind, rushing water or agitated sea.

golder [gåldər, gɔldər, goldər], vb., 1) to talk noisily and unintelligibly, = galder; Sa. [gåldər]; Nm. [gɔldər, goldor]. 2) of wind: to make a noise; to blow hard, = galder; Nm. [gɔldər (goldər)]. See further golder, sb., and galder, vb.

goldet [gȯᶅdət, gɔᶅdət (gåᶅdət)], adj., prop. perf. part., applied to flesh or fish: decayed (esp. rapidly decayed by the effect of the sun or through want of fresh air), beginning to putrefy. U. “gȯᶅdət” is the common pronunc.; from Uⁿ. is recorded “gɔᶅdət, gåᶅdət”. — *g(a)úldinn. Icel. úldinn, adj., putrefied, decayed. The initial g is prob. the old Germ. prefix “ga”-, early dropped in Norse. For the occurrence of the prefix “ga” in other Shetl. words see gjoger¹, gloger, gold, sbs., as well as “angaluck” (under andelokk, sb.) and ongastø, sb. — gold [(gȯᶅd) gɔᶅd, gåᶅd], vb., to become putrefied (Uⁿ.), may be a later form from goldet. — A form golget [gȯᶅgət], noted down in Fe., = goldet, may have arisen from this word by assimilation, due to the initial g, but is more prob. to be classed with olget [ȯᶅgət], adj., partly decayed, of fish (Fe.), and olg [ȯᶅg, ɔ̇ᶅg], sb., sultry heat; q.v.

golek [golək], sb., a cleft or indentation in the landscape. L. Poss. a parallel form to gil, gilek, sb., influenced from Eng. gully, sb., or L.Sc. gowl, sb., a hollow between hills.

*golga [gɔlga, gålga (gȯlga)], sb., a gallows, a gallows hill. Now only preserved as a place-name, the name of a hill where formerly criminals were hanged; viz.: in Nm. (Nm^w.) and Du. (Sandw.). Otherwise more commonly (outside the places mentioned): Gallow Hill. In Conn. is found *wolga [wȯlga, wəlga], for an older *gwolga, partly a) as the name of a gallows hill, Wolga, a hill about which the legend says that a thief, named Kel Hulter, was hanged there, and that the hill got its name from being a place of execution, partly b) as a common noun denoting a cow’s tether; see *wolga, *wolka, sb. — O.N. galgi, m., a gallows.

golger, sb., see gjolg, gjolger, sb.

golget, adj., see under goldet, adj.

golgrav [gol··grāv·, gȯᶅ··grāv], golgref [golgrəf, gȯlgref, gȯᶅgrɛf, -grəf] and goilgref [gȯilgrɛf, -grəf], sb., 1) a gutter in the byre for the cattle’s urine. 2) liquid manure; urine and manure in the byre-gutter behind the stalled cattle. N.I. The form golgrav is peculiar to U. [gol··grāv·: Uⁿ. gȯᶅ··grāv·: U^wg.], the other forms to Y. and Fe. Orig. applied to the gutter itself. The second part grav, gref, is O.N. grǫf, f., a hole dug; pit. The first part gol (goil) has poss. arisen from *ol (oil) through infl. of the foll. grav, gref; cf. oller, oil(er), olger, sb., cattle-wash, liquid manure, and olgrof, sb., = golgrav. But g in gol may, however, also be regarded as the old preserved prefix, mentioned, inter alia, under gjoger¹, gloger, gold, sbs., and goldet, adj. — A form gulgrof or gulgref [gulgrəf, golgrəf] is reported from Wests. in sense of byre-dung, kept in the byre the whole year round, from Ai. (Onjefirt’) in special meaning of manure and earth in alternate layers, serving as litter for stalled cattle. gulgrev [gūl·grē^əv·] is reported from Conn. in the sense last quoted.

goli, gol-y [goli, gȯli], adj., agitated, with swell, applied to the sea. Du. Deriv. of gol¹, sb. 2.

golikast [gol·ikast··], sb., commotion in the sea, esp. with the wind against the waves; cross-sea; a g. i’ de sea. Du. Prop. gust of wind. *gol(u)- or *gul(u)kast. See gol¹, sb. 2, gola, sb. 3, and kast, sb.

golin [gɔlɩn, golɩn], sb., tabu-name, sea-term, used in fishermen’s colloq. lang. for “ho”, dogfish (a small species of shark). Uⁿ. Prob.: *gálinn, def. form of *gáli, m. Cf. No. gaale, m., and gjæla, f., a fool; “gjæla” is also used as a name for fish, inter alia, in the compd. “haagjæla”, a species of small shark; Icel. gála, f., a) a frivolous woman; b) a trout. — danser is another Shetl. tabu-name for “ho”, dogfish.

golir [gȯᶅir·], vb., to bellow loudly. Conn. For the first part gol, see golbrøl, vb. The last part is ir, vb., to scream.

*golisting [gol·ɩstɩŋ··], vb., 1) to sew, using long stitches. 2) to knit with large or awkward movements, esp. of an unpractised person beginningto learn knitting; “has du begun to g.”? Uⁿ. gol- is prob. a corruption of an older *jol; cf. a) Fær. jólastingur, m., “Christmas-stitches”, long stitches taken in sewing (during busy time before Christmas), and b) Shetl. jøl-stikk, sb.

golla (golja) [gȯᶅa], sb., 1) a young woman attending a mother at the baptism of her child in the church. N.I. 2) godmother (U.); cf. golla-bairn. 3) occas. denoting a midwife (= kummer, griper), and then commonly with addition of the name of the person in question; “g. so and so (midwife so and so)”. — O.N. kolla, f., a woman (as the second part of a compd., e.g. in “kirkju-kolla”, a woman connectea with the church); No. kolla, f., occas. in sense of a charwoman; maid-servant (east No., “kulle”); Sw. dial. kulla, f., a girl. — Some examples of a change of initial k to g in Shetl. Norn are given in the Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), § 33, the end; further examples might have been mentioned there.

golla [gȯᶅa]-bairn, sb., a godchild. U. See golla, sb.

*†gollen¹ [gȯᶅən], sb., one hundredweight, esp. of fish; “a gollens-wort’”, really, a hundred pounds of fish, further, a trifle, a small weight of fish; a poor profit from fishing. Y^h. Really a florin (Da. gylden, Germ. Gulden, Gülden). In old Shetl. deeds the word is spelt “gudling, guidling, gullion, gulyeon”, but is to be understood in diff. ways. In a list by James Pitcairn of the revenues of the parochial benefices in the beginning of the 17th century (Revenues of the parochial benefices of Shetland) is quoted the so-called “bot teind” or “botis teind” (boat’s tithe) in number of “gudlingis, guidlingis” (see G. Goudie, Ant. pp. 155—157). Acc. to Pitcairn every “guidling” was worth 24 “shillingis Scottis” (G. G. Ant. p. 158). In a letter of 18th August 1612, “Act for Servandis”, noted in “Acts and Statutes”, “thrieskoir (= three score) gulyeonis” or 60 florins are explained as £72 Scots (“. . .that it sall not be lesum to servile persones not worth thrieskoir gulyeonis quhilk is LXXII £ i Scottis to tak vp housis”). One gulyeon^{[errata 2]} is consequently worth £¹⁄₅ Scots. Balfour explains “gudling, gullion” as a measure originally answering to a) six “cuttels” (1 cuttel = one Scottish ell); b) ¹⁄₁₀ of a “pakke” of wadmal (“a pack of wadmæl”; cf. O.N. pakki, pakkavaðmál). Later, acc. to Balfour, a “gudling” was raised to the value of 8 “cuttels”. — In E.D.D. the Shetl. “gullion” is stated as being equal to 2 shillings. — Is the same word as gildin², sb.; q.v.

gollen², goljen [gȯᶅən], sb., recorded in the expr. “slom-g. [slȯm·gȯᶅ·ən]”, badly prepared, unappetizing food, prop. a soft, muddy or slimy mass. Also adjectivally: slom-g. dirt. Fe^f. — goljen possibly represents *gorjen, and, in that case, to be explained as an original *gyrja-n (def. form); cf. No. gyrja, f., mud; mire; pulpy mass, Sw. dial. görja, f. For change of r to l (and conversely) in Shetl. Norn, see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), § 38, h. One might, however, also suggest O.N. gogli, m., mud; mire, but this word is common in Shetl. (also in Fe.) in forms with preserved g, such as gogl and gagl.

gol(l)ur [gȯᶅūr·, gȯᶅū^ər·] and goller [gȯᶅər], sb., the pericardium, esp. that of a cow, hung up to dry, stuffed with the surrounding fat mixed with spices (pepper, cloves and salt) to cure it; de g. o’ a coo. golur: Fe. (and U^mo.); goller: U. (and Fe. occas.). In Fe. is found a parallel form galur [gaᶅūr·, gaᶅū^ər·] of which the orig. o in the first part has changed to a, because the second part has received the full stress. The word is sometimes found as a place-name, name of a rock or hill: de Goller [gȯᶅər], a hill (Lunna Ness, L.), and “de Galur [gaᶅū^ər·]-stakk”, a skerry near Fe. — prob. from the likeness of these places to an inflated pericardium. — O.N. gollorr, gollurr, m., the pericardium; Icel. gollur (rad. r), m., the pericardium of a sheep, full of fat (B.H.).

golmoget [gȯlmō·gət, gȯᶅmō·gət] and goilmoget [gȯilmō·gət], adj., 1) applied to a cow: a) dark-coloured with lighter (yellow, whitish) belly; b) spotted on the forehead (grimet), and having a light (white) stripe down the breast and belly; a g. coo [‘cow’]. 2) a) having small stripes or spots on the head, sometimes reddish, sometimes greyish-yellow or dirty-white, comm. of a cow; also applied to sheep; a g. sheep, a sheep having a dirty, light-coloured head; b) having dirty stripes or spots on the face, of people; dirty, of the face; a g. face. Sense 2 b may, however, be a mingling with gormoget, adj.; q.v. 3) occas. in a fig. sense, sulky; peevish; sullen. Conn. — Sense 1 a, "having a yellow belly”, is the original one; sense 2 has doubtless been developed from sense 1 a, with sense 1 b as the natural link, after the proper meaning of the word had been lost. The colour of the head has then gradually come^{[errata 3]} to be regarded as the main point. Sense 3, sullen and peevish-looking, must doubtless spring from sense 2 b: “with a dirty-looking face”. — *gul- or *gol-mǫgóttr; O.N. gulr, adj., yellow; *mǫgóttr, adj., of a certain colour on the belly — see moget, adj. Cf. Fær. gulmøgutur, gulmutur, adj., having a yellowish (light or reddish-yellow) belly, of sheep; Icel. golmögóttur, adj., is somewhat diff.: brownish with a darker shade on the belly, of sheep (“gol-” is here apparently used of the colour of the body, and restricted by the added “mögóttur”, which denotes the special colour of the belly).

†golpin [gȯ‘lpɩn] and †gjolpin [gjɔ‘lpɩn], sb., occas. a half-grown boy, occas. a greenhorn; a young, impertinent fellow. Du. No. gypling, m., a greenhorn; L.Sc. gulpin, sb., a) a young child; b) a raw, clumsy fellow.

*golsa-fera [gɔ‘l·safē^ə·ra], sb., in the expr.: “to geng in g. f.”, to perform a feat of dexterity which consists in stooping forwards and trying to pick up, with the teeth only, a large pin or bodkin, from among a heap of ashes, mixed with water, placed on the floor. U. (Woodwick, U^w.). The word may be taken to be an original *golfsferð, “stooping down to the floor”; ganga í golfsferð? O.N. golf, n., a floor; O.N. ferð, f., a journey, Shetl. ferd and fer. For the connecting vowel a, in golsa-, see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), § 40.

golskrøl [gȯᶅ·skrø̄l· (-skrø̄^əl·)] and golskrol [gȯᶅ·skrōl· (-skrō^əl·)], sb. and vb., = golbrøl, sb. and vb. Also goilskrøl [gɔil·skrø̄l· (-skrø̄^əl·)] and goilskrol [gɔil·skrōl· (-skrō^əl·)]. For the second part of the compd. see skrol, skrøl, vb.

gol-stew [gȯⁱl·stjū·, gȯᶅ·-], sb., a shouting and calling, agitated haste; to be in a g.-s., to be rushing to and fro with shouts and cries. U^wg. gol is here most prob. O.N. gaul, n., a howling, (in No.:) roar, clamour; see gjol, sb. Might also be O.N. gal, n., a crying, shouting, contained in the Shetl. galbou, sb. The second part is L.Sc. stew, sb., steam; smoke; dust; spray, in Shetl. also used of hot, confused haste.

golt, sb., see galti and golti, sb.

goltakrabb, sb., see grøtlekrabb, sb.

golti (golte) [gå‘lti (gå‘lte), go‘lti, gȯⁱ‘lti, gȯ‘ᶅti] and golt [gȯ‘ᶅt], sb., prop. a hog, now esp. a pig, fatted pig. In Nm^w. golti [gȯ‘ᶅti] was also used by fishermen as a tabu-name for cod. In St. golt is used as an abusive term for a stupid person: stupid g.! For the diff. modes of pronunc. and for their distribution see further under galti, sb.

goltirigg, sb., see getlarigg, sb.

gombel [gȯmbəl], sb., swell, heavy sea, esp. with choppy waves; crested sea; der’r a great g. i’ de sea. Also gommel [gȯməl]. Conn. Prob. for an older *gompel, *gumpel, jumping; casting; throwing, etc. For the origin of the word see the cognate gumbos (gombos), sb., and gimp, vb. A form gumpel (gompel), in sense of casting; restless movement, is found in Shetl. gumpelfik, sb., and No. gumpelvak, sb. — see gumpelfik.

gombet, adj., see gumbet, adj.

gombos, sb., see gumbos, sb.

gompelfik, sb., see gumpelfik, sb.

gomra [gȯmra], sb., dense sea-spray, falling as drizzle; dense spray from heavy surf (esp. against steep rocks). Nm^w. Prob. for an older *gorma by metathesis of r and m; cf. No. gyrma, f., a) sediment; dregs; mud; b) overcast sky; fog; dense clouds.

gom-tow, sb., see gongtag, sb.

*gon [gån], more correctly *gonn, sb., yarn; thread; esp. warp in weaving, recorded in the gen. form gons [gå‘ns], governed by the prep. di, to, in the foll. proverbial phrase: Marta di gons teke di veps, much is used for woof that is useless for warp [*margt. . .til garns tekit(?) til vepts]. Y^h. O.N. garn, n., yarn, also the warp in weaving.

gon [gȯn], vb., to stare, gape with craned neck; to stand gonin; what is du gonin at? Parallel form to gan, vb.; q.v. For the o-sound cf. No. gon, f., a stiff-necked person; one who gives himself airs. In Fær. is found a form “gána [gåana]” = No. gana, vb.

†gonal [gonal], sb., a holey, worn-out shoe of hide (rivlin), a auld [‘old’] g. Conn. Etym. uncertain.

gonga [gɔŋga]-fish, gonge [gɔŋgə (gⁱȯŋə)]-fish, sb., 1) in boat-fishing: the last fish drawn out of the water before the boat leaves the fishing-ground. Y^h.: gonga-fish. Also “gjonga [gjɔŋga]-fish” (Y^h.) and “gjonge [gjɔŋgə]-fish” (W.Burr., Ai.). 2) a very large fish (esp. of cod, ling and halibut); Ai. occas.: gonge [gɔŋgə]-fish. From Papa Stur is reported “gonge [gⁱȯŋə]-fish” in sense of a halibut. — *gǫngu-(fiskr), from O.N. ganga, f., a going, walking. gonga, etc., in g.-f. 1, must be understood as the departure of the boat from the fishing-ground, g.-f. 2 may be developed from g.-f. 1 and really denote the last large or valuable fish caught before the fishing is concluded, but is more prob. the same word as No. and Sw. gang-fisk, m., a spawning fish. — Cf. gjonge- in “gjonge-piece” and “gjonge-sop”, sbs., under gjonga, gjonge, sb.

gongbit [goŋbɩt], sb., a mark in a sheep’s ear: one of the two small incisions made (cut) opposite each other on the edge of the ear. U. *gagn-bit(i). The first part gong- is O.N. gagn, adv., opposite to; towards; against; through, which is found as the first part in compds., such as e.g. á gagngjǫrt, straight towards; opposite to, gagnvart and gagnvert = gegnt, opposite to, over against. Cf. Shetl. gongtag, sb. For the second part see bit² and bidi, sb.

gongbitet [goŋ··bɩt·ət], adj., of a sheep’s ear: marked with two small incisions opposite each other, one on each side of the ear; a g. lug; a g. sheep. More common than the substantive. U. *gagn-bitaðr. For the explanation of the word see prec. gongbit, sb.

gongj, gongsj [gȯndᶎ, gȯᶇdᶎ], vb., 1) to swagger; swing, when walking; to geng gongsjin t’rough de place. Nmⁿ. (N.Roe). 2) to walk aimlessly; to saunter; hwar gengs du (is du gaun) gongsjin till? where are you sauntering to? Nm.; De. Prob.: *gungsa. Cf. Sw. dial. gungsa, vb., = gunga, vb., to swing. With the change *gungsa > gong(s)j cf. e.g. *runsa > rong(s)j [rȯndᶎ, rȯᶇdᶎ], which is used syn. with gongj 2 in Shetl.; further: skunsa > skong(s)j [skȯndᶎ, skȯᶇdᶎ], *hundsa > hond(s)j [hȯndᶎ, hȯᶇdᶎ].

gongtag [gɔŋtag, goŋtag, gȯŋtag] and gongtak [goŋtak, gȯŋtak], sb., one of the two straps by which the girth is attached to the pack-saddle. Each strap is fastened by both ends into two holes, one in each corner of “de klibberbrod” (the board of the pack-saddle, one board on each side of the horse), while the middle (curve) of the strap is attached to the girth (de wame-girt). The word is recorded in many diff. forms: a) gongtag: Sa. and Ai^w. [goŋtag]; Papa St. [gȯŋtag]; Nm. occas., Y^e. [gɔŋtag]; b) gongtak [goŋtak, gȯŋ-]: doubtless a rare form (locality uncertain); c) gontak, gontek (goin-), -tag: U. [gɔᶇtak, gɔᶇtək, gɔ‘ᶇ-, goᶇtak, go‘ᶇtək]; Fe. occas. [gȯ‘ᶇtək]; Ai. occas. [gȯ‘ᶇtag]; d) gountag [gåuntag]: Fe. occas.; e) gongtagl [goŋ··tag·əl]: Ai. occas.; f) gongtu [goŋtu, gȯŋtu]: Fe.? Du. occas.; g) gantu [ga‘ntu, gāntu]: Du. occas.; h) gong-tow: Ai. occas., Nmⁿ. (N.Roe) [goŋtɔu, -tåu]; Conn. (and Papa St.) [gȯŋtåu]; i) goun-tow [gåuntåu]: Nm. occas. (Nm^w.); j) gom-tow [gomtåu]: De. occas. — O.N. gagntak, n., a strap which fits into the opposite side of the girth, in order to fasten it (Fr.). — The forms ending in -tu, “-tow”, have arisen by corruption, mingling of tag (tak) with O.N. tog, n., and Eng. tow, sb.

goni or gonni [goni, gȯni], sb., 1) a supernatural being of elfish or fairy origin; gon(n)is, pl., elves; fairies. Conn. [goni]; Sa. [gȯni]. In Sa. as the name of a fairy; “Gon(n)i will tak’ dee!” (a threat to naughty children). Cf. Eti (Goni Eti). 2) a bugbear. Wh. [gȯni]. 3) an ugly, old, ragged woman. Sa. — Prob. the same word as Sw. dial. “gonnar, gonnär”, goblins, only in the pl. (Ri. p. 208 under “god”).

gontaplukker, sb., see kontaplucker.

gopn, gopen [gɔpən] and gopm [gɔp^əm, gåp^əm, gop^əm], sb., 1) the hollow of the hand; de fill o’ de gopens, as much as can be held in both hands put together (Wh.). 2) a) a handful; to tak’ op a g. o’ corn; b) as much as can be contained in both hands held together cupped; in the latter sense recorded esp. on the Wests (Sa., Fo.) and in Du. — Often with an inserted j: gjopn, gjopen [gjō^əpən, gjɔpən, gjåpən] and gjopm [gjɔ̄^əp^əm, gjɔp^əm, gjåp^əm]. Occas. with u for o: gupn [gup^ən] and gupm [gup^əm]. — The word is recorded in the above-mentioned forms in the foll. places. Wh.: gopn, gopen [gɔpən]; M^e. occas., St.: gopm [gɔp^əm, gåp^əm]; Fo.: gopm (gupm) [gåp^əɩn, gop^əm]; Lunn.: gjopen [gjō^əpən]; Ai.: gjopn [gjɔpən, gjåpən]; Sa., De., Nm., N.I.: gjopm [gjɔp^əm, gjåp^əm; in Uⁿ. with a long vowel: gjɔ̄^əp^əm; Sa.: gjåp^əm]; Du.: gupn [gup^ən, -ən]; N.Roe: gupm [gup^əm] and gjopm [gjɔp^əm]. — Though the word occas. means one handful, occas. two handfuls (as much as can be contained in both hands) the expr. “a gopen (gopm, gjopen, gjopm)-fu’”, however, is comm. used in the latter sense (like L.Sc. “goupin-fu’ ”) in contrast to “a nev-fu’”, a fistful, a handful — O.N. gaupn, f., the hollow of the hand; in No. and Icel. (gaupn), Sw. (göpen; dial.: gäpn, göppen, gaupma, etc.), Da. dial. (gjøvn), Fær. (geykn) partly a handful, partly as much as can be held in both hands put together. L.Sc. goupin, gowpin, gowpen, sb., the hollow of the hand, a handful, esp. the fill of both hands held bowlwise. The Shetl. word originates from O.N., which is proved by the forms of pronunc. with jo (O.N. au > Shetl. jo), esp. the forms with a long vowel-sound: gjō^əpən (L.), gjɔ̄^əp^əm (Uⁿ.).

gopn, gopen, gopm, gjopen, gjopm, vb., to take up or to scoop with the hand, esp. with both hands, to g. op corn. The verb is less common than the substantive. Noted down in N.Roe in the form gjopm [gjɔp^əm]. For the different forms of pronunc. see gopn, sb. No. gaupna, vb., to scoop with the hand (with both hands).

gor [gȯr (gor)], sb., 1) mire; mud; dirt; see gorblot, sb. 2) a slimy mass or fluid, esp. a) the slimy matter scraped from fish (Y.; Fe.), = gog², sb.; b) rheum from the eyes. Has also been applied, like O.N. gor, n., to half-digested food in animal (human) intestines; see gormoget, adj., and gorpog, sb. No. gor, n., a) mire; mud; b) chyme, half-digested food in the intestines of animals; O.N. gor, n., is only handed down in the latter sense. Cf. Eng. gore, sb., and Cymr. (Welsh), gor, sb., pus; rheum.

gorbel [gȯrbəl], sb., eddy; whirlpool, a g. i’ de sea. Du. *garpl or *gurpl. Probably denotes a seething or roaring sound; see gorbel, vb.

gorbel [gȯrbəl], vb., of tide-rip: to be in uproar, to produce swirls; de sea is gorblin. Du. Prop. to seethe; boil; roar; and either the same word as or cognate with No. garpla, vb., to rant, to talk rudely (R.), deriv. of garpa, vb., to brag, to talk noisily; to belch (gurpa, vb., to belch). gorbel may be either *garpla or *gurpla.

gorblot [gor·blåt·· (-blɔt··), gȯr-] and gorbloit [gȯr·blɔit··, -blåit··], sb., badly washed clothes, from which the dirt is only partly removed, also applied to the face and hands, gorblot: Fo. [gor-]; Du. [gȯr-]. gorbloit: N.I., etc. In Du occas golblot [gȯl·blɔt··] = gorblot. *gor-blot. The first part of the compd. is gor, sb., mud; dirt; the second part is No. and Fær. blot, n., softening; soaking, steeping; Shetl. blot, sb.

gorblot [gor·blåt·· (-blɔt··), gȯr-] and gorbloit [gȯr‘bloit··, -blåit··], vb., to wash badly, so that the dirt is partly left, applied to washing of clothes; also of the face and hands; du’s (you have) gorbloted dy face (Du.), gorblot: Fo. [gor-]; Du. [gȯr-]. gorbloit: N.I., etc. In Du. occas. golblot [gȯl‘blɔt··] = gorblot. Mostly in perf. part. gorbloted, -bloited (-blotet, -bloitet), golbloted; hit (de claith, the clothes) is only gorblo(i)ted; a gorbloited face, a dirty (badly washed) face. — *gorblota (orig. *gor-bløyta?). The first part of the compd. is gor, sb., mud; dirt. The second part blot, bloit, more prob. points back to a *blota, vb., to soften (cf. No. biota, vb., to become soft), than to O.N. (No.) bløyta, vb., to soften, soak. Icel. gorblautur, No. gorblaut, adj., extremely soft and moist (soaking wet: B.H.).

*gord [gōrd], sb., a yard; fence, = O.N. garðr, m. Now obsolete as an independent word, but preserved in some compds.: gordbalk (= gardbalk), sb., gordhird, vb., gordsimen, sb., gordste, -sti or -stu, merkigord, sb. The expr. “milla gorda [məᶅa gōrda]”, prop. “between the fences”, O.N. milium garða, is preserved in the Eshaness fishermen’s tabu-lang. at sea; “de Isle (Isle o’ Øja) is milli gorda” is said by the fishermen, in finding a fishing-ground off the north of Mainland, when they have the Isle of Uyea (Nm^n.-w.) just in front, half way between the skerry or islet “de Osi (åsen: the ridge)" and the high point (west of the mouth of Rønis Voe), named “de Tingen Heads”: the isle is “enclosed". “Milla Gorda [məᶅa gōrda]” is found in Unst as the name of the boundary between the out-fields belonging to the farms Hogaland and Braknegert, likewise found as a place-name in Fetlar (Fe^s.-w.) and possibly in other places. — As a place-name gord is found occas. uncompounded (Gord), but more freq. as the second part of compds., esp. in names of farms, though not so freq. as gert (gart). As the first part in place-names, gord is found in the compds: a) gordsende, gordsend [gɔ‘rsæn·də, gɔ‘rs·ɛnd·, gå‘rsən(d)], a place where an old fence ends or formerly ended (O.N. garðsendi, m., the end of a fence), still partly understood by the older generation; b) gordste [gɔ‘rste, gå‘rste, -stə], still used as a common noun; see further under gordsta, sb. For the use of gord in place-names see Sh. Stedn. pp. 95—97.

gordastøri, sb., see gørdastøri, sb.

gordbalk, sb., see gardbalk, sb.

gordhird [gȯrhərd·, gərhərd·], vb., to bring the reaped corn into safety in the special enclosure (de corn-yard), to g. de corn. Also korhird [kȯrhərd·], by hardening of g to k. U.; Fe. Besides gordhird (korhird), a form gordshird [gå‘rs·-hərd··] is found in Fe. *garð-hirða (*garðs-hirða). O.N. garðr, m., an enclosed space; a fence; O.N. hirða, vb., to hide; to bring into safety, Shetl. hird, sb.

*gordsend(e), sb., see under *gord, sb.

gordsimen [gɔr·sɩm·ən, gɔ‘r·-, går·-, gå‘r·-], sb., one of the thick, pleated straw-ropes, simens, by which the stacked hay and corn in the enclosure (de yard) is secured; now mostly a thick, coarse straw-rope in general, e.g. for thatching. *gardsími; O.N. garðr, m., an enclosed space, etc.; O.N. sími, m., a rope; a cord.

gordsta [(gɔ‘rsta) gå‘rsta], gordste [go‘rste, gå‘rste, -stə] and gordsti [gɔ‘rstɩ, gå‘rstɩ], sb., 1) a ridge of earth remaining from an old fence (in the outfield). 2) boundary (ridge of earth) between two pieces of arable land; N.I. The form gordsta is now rare (reported by J.I.), doubtless used only in sense 1. In sense 2 also gordstek [gɔ‘rstək, gå‘rstək]. In S.Sh. (Du. and Conn.) the word is found in the form gerdste, gerdsti [gæ‘rste, gæ‘rstɩ (gⁱæ‘rstɩ)], used in both the above senses, in Conn., however, esp. in sense 1: a auld [‘old’] g. [gⁱæ‘rstɩ]. — O.N. garðstaðr, m., a place in which there is or has been a fence. The forms ending in -ste, -sti, -stek may also spring from O.N. garðstœði, n., = garðstaðr; cf. below gordstu, sb. — Outside the N.I. and Du. such words as gardbalk (gerdbalk) and merkigord or merki have replaced gordste 2 and gerdste 2.

gordstu [gå‘rstū], sb., a ridge of earth or an elevation forming the boundary between two patches of arable land, = gordste 2. N. — *garð-stóð (-stœði). Cf. Sw. dial. gärdsel-sto, f., traces of an old fence.

gorek [gɔrək (gårək)], sb., stubble; also gleanings. Conn. Prob. the same word as No. gare, m., a spike; point; sharp stubble remaining from shrubs or bushes cut down, etc. — There is another gorek [gɔrək], also from Conn., but diff. from the gorek here treated, in the expr. “slordi [slȯrdi] g.”, denoting commotion in the sea; spray dashing into the boat, a “slordi g.” i’ de sea. Doubtless the L.Sc. word gorroch, sb., mire; moisture; muddy mass; hotch-potch. slordi, adj., is a deriv. of slord [slȯrd], sb., drizzling rain.

gorj? [gɔrdᶎ, gȯrdᶎ], vb., to plant too closely, esp. of potatoes: to g. taatis. Uⁿ. The word cannot be sufficiently explained from Eng. gorge, vb., and might spring from an original *gyrja; cf. a) No. gyrja, vb., to press, squeeze (something soft); also to clot, smear in lumps (R.); b) Icel. gyrja, vb., to prick; push; bore. See girj, vb.

gorl, gorel [gȯrəl (gorəl)], vb., to soil, esp. the face: to g. de face (N.I.; Wh.; Sa.). a gorlin (gurlin) [gorlɩn] hwalp (W.), a little boy, in the habit of dirtying himself. Deriv. of gor, sb. 1.

gorli, gorl-y [gȯrli], adj., dirty, esp. in the face; g.-faced. Wh. The same word as gorl, vb.

gorm [gȯrm (gorm)], sb., 1) mire; mud; dirt. 2) a slimy mass scraped from fish (Uⁿ.: gorm, gȯrm), = gor 2 a and gog². In sense 1, and partly also sense 2: gjorm [gjȯrm, gjȯr^əm]; thus in Nm. and Sa. besides gorm. 3) occas. of rheum from the eyes, = gor 2 b. 4) bungling; awkward execution of work; du’s hadin’ [‘you are holding’] a g. atill yon [‘into that’] de day, you are bungling that piece of work to-day (Y^h.: gȯrm). 5) a person who soils himself; a bungling, untidy and slovenly person; a dirty g. (U^wg. gȯrm). — *gorm- or *gurm-. Icel. gormur, m., No. gorm and gurm (n? m?), Sw. dial. gorm, m., mire; mud; dirt; filth (e.g. from entrails of animals, of fish); Sw. dial. gorm also means work badly done.

gorm [gȯrm (gorm)], vb., 1) vb. n., to root in mire or (soft) dirt; to do a piece of dirty work; to g. in dirt, in rotten taatis [‘potatoes’], in weet [‘wet’] fish, etc. (L., Wh., etc.: gȯrm). 2) vb. a., to g. anesell [‘oneself’], to besmear oneself and get slimy (by handling raw fish) [comm.: gȯrm; Uⁿ.: gorm, gȯrm]; he gormd his face, hands, claes [‘clothes’]. In senses 1 and 2 also gjorm [gjȯrm, gjȯr^əm], thus in Nm., Sa. and U^wg. besides gorm. 3) to bungle a piece of work; du is gormin [gȯrmɩn] atill yon de day (Y^h.) = du is hadin a gorm atill yon de day; see gorm, sb. — *gorma or *gurma. No. gurma, vb., to make muddy, stir up; Sw. dial. gorma (gåårm), vb., a) to stir up dirt; b) to do work badly.

gormet [gȯrmət], adj., 1) besmeared with dirt, (quite) begrimed, esp. in the face; a g. face; his face was a’[‘all’] g. Wests. (Sa.; Fo.). 2) of sheep: discoloured, white with small, black spots on the forehead; a g. sheep. Fo. *gormôttr or *gurmôttr; No. gurmutt and gyrmutt, adj., discoloured; muddy; miry.

gormoget [gȯrmō·gət], adj., soiled; besmeared with dirt; very dirty. Du. Doubtless prop. “having the stomach full of gor = filth, half-digested food”. *gor-mǫgóttr. For the first part of the compd. see gor, sb.; for the second part see moget, adj.

gormolg [gȯrmȯⁱlg·, gȯrmȯᶅg·] and gormoll [gȯrmȯᶅ·], vb., to cover with a layer of dirt; to soil; to g. anesell [‘oneself’], to soil oneself, esp. the face; du ’s [‘you have’] gormolget (gormollet) dy face. The word is mostly vb. a., but is also used as vb. n.: to root in dirt; to do a dirty piece of work; du is gormollin (gormolgin) i’ yon [‘that’] a long time (Y^h.); to gormoll in a sheep’s guts (U^wg.). Ai. (W.B.): gormolg; Y. (Y^h.): gormolg, gormoll. U.: gormoll. — Perf. part. gormolget, gormollet, is freq. used as an adj., in sense ol: a) soiled; covered with a layer of dirt, e.g. of the face, of clothes; b) insignificant in appearance, also good-for-nothing, whether an animal or a human being; a gormollet ting (body). In sense b noted down in Fe. c) gruff and peevish, stubborn. Fe.? From Uⁿ. is reported a form gormoltet [gȯrmȯ‘ᶅ·tət, -mɔ‘ᶅ·tət, gər-] In sense of soiled, dirty. In Nm. and in Fe. also with initial k for g: kormollet [kȯrmȯᶅ·ət]. In sense c the word is noted down only in the form kormollet. — Prob. *gor-mygla, vb., and *gor-myglaðr, perf. part. and adj. gormoltet seems, however, to presuppose a *gor-myglðr or -mygltr. The first part of the compd. is gor, sb., mire; mud; the second part is O.N. mygla, vb., to grow musty, myglaðr (Icel.), adj., musty, Shetl. molget (q.v.). — kormollet, adj. (q.v.), noted down in Sa., is another word than the gormollet treated here.

gorpog [gȯ‘rpåg], sb., derisive term, applied to a small, insignificant person; a little-wort’ g. U. Also (mockingly or jokingly) of a small horse, pony (Edm.: gur-pug). Prob. *gorpoki; O.N. gor, n., half-digested food in the intestines of animals; O.N. poki, m., a poke; pouch. Cf. No. gorpose, m., (prop. = gorsekk, a large stomach, a glutton) as a derisive term applied to a little boy (adept at eating, but not at work), and Sw. dial. gorpose (“gårpåse”), m., of a good-for-nothing, only able to eat.

gosel, gozel, sb. and vb., see gusl, gusel, sb. and vb.

gosen [gɔsən], gozen [gōzən, gȯzən], sb., sharp, dry wind; a) sharp, contrary wind; to get a g. i’ de face or “nebb”: Fe. [gɔsən, gōzən]; b) drying wind; de corn gets (is gettin’) a g., the corn is drying well in the wind. Du^m. [gȯzən]. In sense a also gosnin [gōznɩn] (Fe.). — *gos-. No. gos, n., gosa, f., and gose, m., Fær. gos, n., current of air, draught. The ending -en in Shetl. gosen, gozen, may be either a relic of the old definite article in masc. or fem., or have arisen through influence of the common adj. gosen(d), gozend. Cf. gosnin as well as gus(e)l and guster, sbs.

gosen [gosən, gɔsən, gōsən, gō^əsən] and gozen [gōzən, gȯzən], vb., 1) vb. n., to be dried in the wind; de peats is [‘are’] gosend op: Yh. [gosən]; de corn is gosnin [gȯznɩn]: Du^m. 2) vb. a., to dry in the wind, to g. de fish. Y.; Fe. gosend, gozend, perf. part. and adj., wind-dried, = gosen, adj. — No. gosa, vb., to steam; fume; blow. — The Shetlandic verbal form, ending in -n, is doubtless formed through infl. of the more commonly used adjectival form gosen(d), gozend. Cf. gus(e)l, sb. and vb.

gosen [gosən (gōsən)], gosend [gosənd, gɔsənd, gōsənd (gō^əsənd), gⁱȯsənd] and gozend [(gōzənd) gȯzənd (gⁱȯzənd)], adj., slightly dried in the wind, esp. of fish hung up to dry outside the house or in a skjo (a stone-shed with narrow interstices through which the draught comes, drying the suspended meat and fish, etc.); g. fish. The form “gosən” (with short o) is peculiar to Fe.; “gōsənd” to Y.; “gⁱȯsənd”: Uⁿ. occas. Otherwise more commonly: gȯzənd (thus in Mainland: Ai., Du., etc.). A form guseld [gusəld], = gosend, is reported from Uⁿ.; see gusel, vb. — O.N. gosinn, perf. part. of gjósa, vb., to gush, stream (occas. of air), Fær. gjósa, vb., to blow gently, esp. of a drying wind. — The Shetl. word has now commonly a double perf. part. ending, because a -d, through infl. of Eng. perf. part. forms ending in -end, has been added later to the original -en. Cf. morken and morkend, adj.

gosnin [gōznin], sb., a sharp wind, contrary wind, = gosen, sb. (sense a). Fe.

got, sb., see a) *goda, sb.; b) gotek, goti, sb.

gotek [gɔtək, gȯtək (gɔ̇tək), gȯⁱƫək] and goti [gɔti, gȯti], sb., a fissure; cleft, partly a) narrow indentation in the coast, admitting the sea, partly b) a fissure in the landscape; narrow sunken way. Mostly of a funnel-shaped rent or cleft. S.Sh. (Du.; Conn.). Du.: gɔtək, gȯtək (gɔ̇tək) and goti. Conn.: gɔtək, gȯⁱƫək. gjot [gjȯt] and gjotek [gjȯtək]: Ai. (esp. in sense b). gjotek [gjȯtək] and gjoti [gjȯti]: Sa. In Conn. gotek is also used in sense of a gutter. A form got [gȯt] is noted down in sense of depression or rent in the sea-bottom, poor fishing-ground with muddy or sandy bottom (L.; Wh.). — Beside got, gotek, goti, is found a form goit [gȯit (gɔit, gåit)], partly a) = gotek, goti; Du. [gȯit]; partly b) a narrow, fenced road; reported by J.I. [gåit]. — No. gota, f., a fissure; a narrow rent in the landscape, partly a funnel-shaped rent (R.) — from O.N. gata, f., (an opening, way out) road? goit b assimilates to O.N. gata in the special sense of a road enclosed by a fence on each side; No. gota, f. (Aa.), a narrow, fenced road. See *goda (gøda), sb. goit [gȯit] (C.) in sense of a hole; opening; rent, must spring from O.N. gat, n., a hole, which, however, is also found in No. in sense of a short, narrow, furrowed depression in the landscape, almost = gota. — gjot, gjotek, gjoti, may also be derived from another word: *gjót(a); see gjot, sb. got, in sense of a muddy (sandy) fishing-ground, is merged with goit¹, sb.

gotel, gotjel, vb., see goitel, vb.

gothol [gɔt··hɔl·] and goithol [gɔi‘t··hɔl· (gåi‘t-), gȯi‘t··hɔl·], sb., anus in fish, = gotrif, sb. gothol: Wests. (Ai.). goithol: N.I. etc. *got-hol or *got. Fær. got, n., = gothol, n., anus; “got” prop. a) spawning (of roe); b) spawned roe; see Shetl. god, sb.

gotrif, -riv [gotrɩf, gɔtrɩf, -rɩv] and goitrif [gȯi‘trɩf, gɔi‘t-, gåi‘trɩf, -rɩv], sb., anus in fish, = gothol. N.I. gåi‘trɩf (gɔi‘t-): Uⁿ.; gȯi‘trɩf: U^s. Icel. gotrauf, f., id. (O.N. rauf, f., a hole; rift). — -rif, -riv, has prob. arisen from “rauf” by mingling with another word: O.N. rifa, f., a rent; fissure, in Shetl. now commonly rivek.

gott [gȯƫ, gɔ̇ƫ, (ꬶȯt)], gotti [gȯƫɩ, ꬶȯti], goit [gɔi‘t, gåi‘t, gȯi‘t (gɔ̇i‘t)], goiti [gȯi‘ti, gȯti (gɔiti, gɔ̇iti)], goitek [gåitək], gjott [gjȯt], gjotek [gjȯtək], gøtt [gøt, gⁱøt, ꬶøt, gøⁱt (gøit)], gøtti [gøti, gⁱøti], sb., 1) a) (door-case) doorway; b) the space just inside the door (outer door); c) a chink in the door. In senses a and b noted down in Wh.: de gøtt [ꬶøt] o’ de door; in senses a and c in Conn.: de goit [gȯi‘t] o’ de door. gjotek [gjȯtək] (Fladabister, Connⁿ.), doorway, door; to geng [‘go’] t’rough de gjotek. In sense a occas. in N.I. (Fe.?): de goit(i) o’ de door; reported by J.I. [gɔi‘t, gåi‘t]. From Fo. is reported gjott [gjȯt] in sense of a wide gate in a fence. The word is more common in the sense following than in the senses given under 1. 2) the threshold, often in the expr. “de g. o’ de door”. N.I.: gott, gotti and goit, goiti. In U. esp. “gȯi‘t”; in Fe.: “gȯƫ (gɔ̇ƫ), gȯƫɩ”; in Y.: gȯƫ, gȯi‘t, gȯi‘ti. Nmⁿ. (N.Roe): gotti [(gȯƫɩ ꬶȯti], de gotti [ꬶȯti]-tree. Nm^w. (Esh.) and De.: gøtti [gøti, gⁱøti]; Esh.: gⁱøti. L.: gøtt [gⁱøt, ꬶøt]. Wests.: (goit, -i and) gøtt; Ai. (Wests.): “gø̆t”; Sa. (Wests.): “gøit”. Conn.: (goit and) goitek. Du.: gøtti [gⁱøti]. Dey were no [‘not’] ut ower de gotti o’ de door (Fe.). Geng ower de goitek! cross the threshold! step in for a moment! (Conn.). 3) goit: a piece of timber laid down, on which the stern of a boat rests when drawn into the boat-shed; lay a g. in under de heel o’ de boat! Y^h. [gɔi‘t, gȯi‘t]. — O.N. gátt, f., door-case; doorway. Icel. gátt, f., doorway. Fær. gátt, f., threshold. No. gaatt, f., a groove, esp. in a door-case or threshold. Sw. dial. gåt, f., a door-post, groove in a door-case, etc. — goit, in sense 3, doubtless springs from a root-meaning: threshold.

*gott [gɔt, gȯⁱt] and *goit [gȯit], adj., in n. sing., good. The forms “gɔt” and “gȯit” are found in an old formula, a kind of address to the cat, noted down in Conn.: Op aboot de ljora (= jora)! gott (goit) fire monna [fərə mȯᶇa]! Up about the ear with the paw (wash round your ear)! it is good for the mouth, i.e. it bodes well for fishing. “gȯⁱt” is found in an obsolete, proverbial phrase from Wd.: gott a taka gamla manna ro, it is good to follow old men’s advice. A doublet gooit [gō·ȯit] is found in a fragment of a song from Y^h.: see Introd. (Fragments of Norn). — O.N. gott (*gótt), n., from góðr, adj., good.

goul, sb. and vb., see gjol, sb. and vb.

gouster, sb. and vb., see guster, sb. and vb.

†gowl [gɔu^əl], sb., the inward hollow of the hindmost part of an animal’s back. Also gol [gō^əl]. Du. Poss. syn. with L.Sc. gowl, sb., a hollow between two hills. To be compared with this: No. gyvle (and gylve), n., a narrow passage; cleft; hollow, etc.

grabb [grab], vb., to grab; grasp. Du. No. and Sw. grabba, L.Sc. grab, vb., to seize with violence; to grasp. Cf. glabb, vb.

gram [gram] and grama [grāma], sb., a collection or heap of small objects (small potatoes; tiny fishes). Du.: gram, a lock [‘lot’] o’ g. Conn.: grama (esp. of potatoes). Prob. from the synonymous kram² (krama), sb.; q.v. Cf. also grum, sb.

gram [grām], adj., 1) very desirous of, bent on (getting) something, g. aboot a ting. U.; Nm. 2) delighted; overjoyed; he was g. ower it. U. Prop. “in an excited state of mind, mentally unhinged", and originating from ON. gramr, adj., handed down in sense of wroth; embittered; offended.

†gramis [grāmɩᶊ], vb., to bewitch. Mostly in perf. part. gramist [grāmɩᶊt], smitten by witchcraft; bewitched. Poss. to be derived directly from O.N. gramr, m., fiend; demon; pl. “gramir” and “gramendr”, used in cursing-formulas. For the ending -is in gramis cf. fimis and fommis, sb. and vb. The word might, however, be L.Sc. Shetl. grameri [grā··məri·], sb., magic, must thus be L.Sc. “gramarye”, sb., in the same sense (Jam.).

*grams, sb. and vb., see grems, sb. and vb.

granbet [gran·bē^æt·, gran·bet·], vb., in fishing: to cut open the lower jaw and throat of a fish in order to extract the hook, when swallowed too far down; to g. a fish. Wh. [gran·bē^æt·, -bet·]. L. [gran(d)·bet·]. The first part of the compd. is O.N. grǫn (gran-), f., muzzle, the lip where the beard grows, also jaw (cf. granbein, Shetl. graniben, sb.). The second part is O.N. beita, vb., which prop. means to cause to bite, but also, inter alia, was used in the sense of to make an incision; cf. No. beita, vb. 7, in Ross. See Shetl. bet, vb.

grand [grand, gräᶇd], vb., to hurt by witchcraft. grandet [grandət, gräᶇdət], perf. part., a) bewitched, irretrievably lost; “hit [‘it’] is no [‘not’] to say, at [‘that’] he was witched, but he was grandet [grandət]”, he was not only bewitched, but there was no hope of rescue for him (Papa St.); b) distracted; queer (prop. caused by witchcraft, enchantment), said of one who behaves in an unusual manner; he’s grandet, there is something wrong with him; applied to human beings and animals. Wests. [grand]. N.I. (Fe.) and Nmⁿ. (N.Roe) [gräᶇd]. — O.N. granda, vb., to hurt; damage. Shetl. grand seems to have absorbed the verb *ganda, No. and Fær. ganda, to practise witchcraft.

granderi [gran··dəri·, gräᶇ··dəri·], sb., 1) witchcraft; sorcery. 2) queer behaviour (prop. caused by witchcraft); der’r a g. come ower dee, there is something wrong with you (Fe.: gräᶇ··dəri·). Deriv. of grand, vb.

“*grandrie”, “*grandorie”, sb., acc. to Balfour: “a septennial court to abate nuisances and punish local abuses” (in the Glossary to D. Balfour, Oppressions of the 16th century in Orkney and Zetland. Odal Rights and Feudal Wrongs). *grandrof? O.N. grand, n., a hurt; injury; O.N. rof, n., a breach; retraction; reversal of judgement. Cf. domra¹, sb.: *dóm-rof.

grani [grani], sb., 1) the jaw, jaw-bone of a fish; de turbot [‘halibut’] gromd aff de tom wi’ his granis, the halibut gnawed through the snell on the fishing-line with its jaws or teeth (Uⁿ.). U^{n., w}.; Nm^{n., w}. 2) a cut in the end of a thwart where it is mortised, enclosing the ribs(de band), de g. o’ de taft. Sandw.; Du. — O.N. grǫn (gran-), f., muzzle; lip; jaw. See graniben, sb.

graniben [gran··iben·], sb., the jawbone of a fish, = O.N. granbein. Nm^{n., w}. Also gronaben [grɔn··aben·]: Uⁿ. *granar-bein. For the first part of the compd. see prec. grani, sb.

granni [grani], sb., familiar address to a person: my friend! comrade! Partly in jest or mockery. Naa, g.! no, my friend! Papa St. O.N. granni, m., a neighbour, Da. grande, id.

gratta [graƫa, gräƫa], and gratter [graƫər, gräƫər], sb., 1) very low water at ebb-tide, exposing a larger part of the foreshore than usual; 2) a large stretch of the foreshore exposed by an unusually low tide. Y^h. Partly in the phrase “a (great) gratter o’ a ebb” = a “gravin’ [grē^əvin]-ebb”. The word is found in many different forms, besides those given: a) graitek [graitək] (Yⁿ.); b) grotti [grȯⁱƫɩ] and grottek, groitek [grȯⁱƫək, grȯitək, gråitək] (U.); grotti: U^mo.; grottek, groitek: U^{m, n}.; c) by dropped initial g: ratter [ratər] (Haroldswick, Uⁿ.); rater [rātər] (Hillswick, Nm^w.); a “ratter (rater)” o’ a ebb; d) grefster, grepster (gräipster), gremster, grimster (grimsi); for these latter forms see further under grefster, sb. Prop. a digging up, “ebb by which the foreshore is, as it were, dug up.” *graftar- or *graptar-(fjara). “graftar, graptar”: gen. of O.N. grǫftr, grǫptr, m., a digging. In Shetl. “ft, pt” has partly been assimilated to “tt”. From forms such as “graƫ-, grȯƫ-”, with softened t, the forms “grait-, grȯit-” have later been developed. The second part of the compd. (O.N. fjara, f., ebb) has been dropped. Forms such as grotti, grottek, groitek (and graitek?), as well as the forms given under d (grefster, etc.), might, however, just as well be derived from an uncompounded “grǫftr, grǫptr (greftr, greptr).”

grav [grāv], sb., scrapings, esp. a) objects loosened from the sea-bottom (by heavy swell); naet’in’ [nothing] but g. aff o’ de (sea-) boddom [‘bottom’] (Yⁿ.). b) objects (fragments of shell, etc.) from the stomach of cuttle-fish. c) objects floating on or under the surface of the water, driven together by the beat of waves shorewards into more or less dense masses (small molluscs; spawn; seaweed; flotsam, etc.), esp. of such floating objects serving as food for fishes and birds; de g. is aggin (is driving) on upo de shore; cf. agg, sb. 2. d) refuse. — Prop. something dug up, rooted or stirred up. Cf. No. grav, n., a digging; scraping together.

grav [grāv], vb., 1) to dig up; break up, esp. of the sea during heavy swell: to break very heavily and deeply with ground-swell; de sea is gravin like “ba-brak” (ground-swell): Y.; to ‘root up’ the sand or mud from the sea-bottom (of agitated sea); de sea is gravin aff o’ de boddom (Y.). 2) to bury; we ha’e been gravin so and so (sicc and sicc a body), we have been attending the funeral of so-and-so; U. In both senses now more commonly anglicised: “grave” [grēv, grē^əv]; to g. a body; he is gravin’ to de very boddom (of very heavy swell). — O.N. grafa, vb., a) to dig up; b) to bury. For grav 1 cf. Fær. grava, vb., in sense of to raise up or to agitate the sea violently (of a strong gale), and Fær. grefstur, m., deep waves hollowing down, in a strong gale, as if rooting up the sea. O.Eng. grave, vb., to bury.

gravel [grāvəl], vb., to grope along (in the dark), to g. i’ de dark. Doubtless prop. to dig uncertainly, not deep, No. gravla, vb. Eng. grovel, vb., is diff. Cf. O.N. grǫfla, vb., = grafask, to go grovelling.

gravin [grāvin], sb., 1) a digging; rooting up, esp. heavy sea with ground-swell, a g. i’ de sea. Y. 2) a burying; burial. U. *grafan. See grav, vb.

gräf [gräⁱf], sb., see gref, sb.

gre, sb., see gred, sb.

gred [grēd, grē^əd] and gre [grē (grē^ə)], sb., 1) collect., objects of any kind, valued acc. to their quality; esp. disparagingly of objects of little value; we’ll see what kind o’ gred it is; dis is de gred! this is a pretty thing (ironically). Fe. 2) implement; more comm. collect.: belongings, esp. a) fishing-tackle, fishin’-g. N.I.; Nm^w. (Esh.). In Esh. esp. of hooks, snells and small lengths of line (see tom, sb., and bid, sb.); de sea-gred; b) fishing-line with attachments, the collection of pakkis (certain lengths of line) belonging to a fishing long-line. N.I. In U. also as a sea-term, tabu-name for a fishing long-line; gre (Uⁿ.); c) pack, all that belongs to the equipment of a pack-horse, = bends, sb. pl.; Nmⁿ. (N.Roe): gred. 3) matter; object of a certain quality; sort; kind; a different gred. U. — gred: Fe.; Y.; Nm^{n., w}. gre and gred: U. — *greið-. No. greida, f., ordering, disentanglement; matter; means, gear, etc. Fær. greiða and greiði, f., inter alia collection of things, gear. Sw. dial. greja, f., collection of things, trifles. L.Sc. graith, sb., apparatus of any kind. O.N. greiði, m., is only handed down in sense of disentanglement, arrangement; entertainment. — Cf. redskab, sb.

gred [grēd, grē^əd], vb., to put in order, unravel, make clear, esp. a fishing long-line: to g. de line. Now rare. Fe. O.N. greiða, vb., to disentangle.

greenska, greensku, sb., see grønska, sb.

gref [græf], sb., 1) a grave; he is (is lyin’) in his g.; I’ll soon be i’ my g. Conn. 2) a peat-pit, de g. o’ de bank (peat-bank); see bank, sb. comm. From Fo. is reported a form gräf [gräⁱf] in sense 2. gref-peat, the first peat cut from the ledge in a peat-pit, — baggiskjump, skjumpek, skjumpin. Beside gref, in sense 2, the forms grof [grȯf] and grøf [grøf] (Uⁿ.) are found in the compd. bakkagrof, -grøf (q.v.), an older expr. for the now more common “gref o’ de bank”. 3) depths of the ocean; sea-bottom; sea-term, tabu-name, used by fishermen at sea. U^wg. — O.N. grǫf, f., a pit; No. grov, f., also of a peat-pit, = torvgrov (R.).

grefster [græfstər], sb., properly a digging up, but now doubtless only applied to an unusually low tide, or to the stretch of the foreshore exposed at such ebb, = gratta, gratter (q.v.); a grefster-ebb. In various forms: a) grefster: Y^h. occas., Y^b.; b) grepster [græpstər], a g.-ebb: Nm^{n., w}., Papa occas.; gräipster [gräipstər], g.-ebb: Papa; c) gremster [græ‘mstər], a g. o’ a ebb: Y^m., Y^e., Fe^w.; d) grimster [grɩ‘mstər, gre‘mstər], a g. o’ a ebb: U^wg., Fe^{e, h}., N., Wests. (W.Burr., Ai., Sa.); in Sa. also grimsi [grɩ‘msi], prob. by shortening of “grimster”. — O.N. greftr and greptr, m., = grǫftr, grǫptr, m., a digging up; burial. With ref. to the ending -ster for -ter in the preceding Shetl. forms, cf. Fær. grefstur, m., a) a digging; b) deep waves hollowing down, in a strong gale, as if rooting up the sea, as well as No. grevste, n., a digging up, taking up of potatoes (R.).

grem¹ [grē^əm], vb., 1) to be embittered, enraged. Uⁿ. 2) to curse; to swear horribly; shø [‘she’] gremd (was gremin) for dat ane and for dat ane, she called down evil upon so and so. Uⁿ. 3) to grieve; grumble; complain, to g. ower onyting [‘something’] (Yⁿ.), upon onyting (Y^h.), aboot somet’in’ lost (Y., Fe.), to g. and gront (Fe.). In sense 3 also grim [grɩ̄m, grɩ̄^əm]; to sit grimin — to sit gremin, to sit complaining. — O.N. gremja, vb., to make angry (wroth, gramr), to embitter, and gremjask, vb. refl., to get or be angry or embittered. No. and Fær. gremja (seg), vb., to grieve; complain.

grem² [grē^əm], vb., of very agitated sea on a shoal: to break with ground-swell, with violent heave, so that the sea-bottom is scraped; de sea was gremin ower de boddom [‘bottom’]. Uⁿ. Prob. to be classed with grim, sb., violent surf; q.v.; or for grev, “grave”, prop. to dig, Da. “grave” and grav, vb., are used of ground-swell.

grema, sb., see groma, sb.

grems [græ‘ms], sb., a snatching; a greedy, sudden grasp at something; to mak’ a g. for onyting [‘something’]. Nmⁿ. (N.Roe). For an older *grams. Da. and Sw. grams, sb., a greedy grasp with the whole hand. Cf. glams, sb.

grems [græ‘ms], vb., to grab; to grasp quickly and greedily at something, to g. for onyting. Nmⁿ. (N.Roe). For an older *grams. Da. gramse, Sw. gramsa, vb., to grasp with the whole hand (greedily). Cf. glams, vb.

grep [grē^əp], sb., a fork; forked implement, esp. manure-fork. No. greip, f., Sw. grepe, L.Sc. graip, sb., id.

grepster, sb., see grefster, sb.

†gresi ger [gresi gē^ər], used adjectivally in phrases as: hit (dat) is g. g., it is very carefully done, excellently carried out, ironically of work badly done. Y., Fe. Uncertain origin. gresi (adj.?) poss. to be compared with No. gresk, adj., unusual; admirable; excellent. The second part of the compd. is either O.N. gerð, f., a doing; a piece of work, or Eng. gear; the meaning of (gresi) ger, however, agrees best with O.N. gerð.

gret, impf. of *grot and “greet”, vb., see *grot, vb.

grev, grave, vb., see grav, vb.

grice, sb., see gris, sb.

grik [gri̇̄k, grik], sb., dawn, de g. o’ day = daggri, sb. N.I. (Y., Fe.): gri̇̄k; in other places more comm. “grik” with short vowel. A form grøk [grøk] is noted down on Wests. (in Ai.); de grøk o’day. By transference occas. “de grik [grik] o’ de eenin’ [‘evening’]” (Sa.), late evening twilight. grik and grøk from *gri-ek, *grø-ek (ek: the added suffix, Eng. and L.Sc.: -ack, -ick, -ock) point back to a *grý-; cf. Da. gry, n., and O.N. (Icel.) grýjandi, f., dawn. For i and ø (occas. alternating in the same word) from original y, ý see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII) §§ 11—12. *gri (preserved in the compd. daggri) has changed to grik through infl. of L.Sc. greek, greik in the same sense. The vowel-sound in grøk shows that it is a Norn word. With ref. to interchange of i and ø in Shetl. Norn, cf. e.g. skrivlin and skrøvlin, sb. An extended form, occurring occasionally, grikin [grikɩn] and griki [griki], de g. o’ de mornin’ (Nm^w. and several places), is L.Sc. greking, gryking, sb., peep of day. — Cf. grønin, sb.

grim [gri̇̄^əm], sb., heavy surf; violent, roaring breakers against the shore, a g. upo de shore. Yⁿ. No. grim and grimm, n. (f.), the dashing of the sea against the rocks, heavy surf. Cf. grem², vb.

grim¹ [grinɩ], vb., to besmear with dirt, esp. to dirty one’s face, to g. ane’s (aneseH’s)face. grimd [gri̇̄md], perf. part., used adjectivally, dirtied (in the face), partly = grimet, adj. No. grima, vb., prop. to place a halter on a horse, also inter alia, to make dirty stripes on something, grima seg ut, to begrime or dirty one’s face.

grim², vb., see grem¹, vb.

grima¹ [gri̇̄ma] and grimi [gri̇̄mi], sb., a sprinkling of snow on the earth, esp. with bare patches here and there, snaw-grima, a snawie [‘snowy’] grimi. Ai. (grima, grimi). Conn. (grima). O.N. gríma, f., a face-guard, etc. — Prop. the same word as the two following. Cf. Sc. dial. griming (of snow).

Grima² [gri̇̄ma], sb., the name for a striped cow, esp. a white cow with black stripes (or spots) on the forehead, = Fær. Gríma. See further grimet, adj.

grimek [gri̇̄mək, grɩmək], sb., a halter, rope, serving as bridle for a horse (a rope with a loop round the jaws). comm. In the same sense also No. grima, Fær. gríma, f., a face-guard. In Sa. grimek [grɩmək] and grim(m)et [grɩmət] are found in sense of grummet, esp. a grummet at the end of a chest, by mingling with the Eng. word. — From Du. is reported a parallel form grømek [grømək] in sense of a halter for a horse or calf.

grimet [gri̇̄mət (grimət, grɩmət)], adj., 1) dirty in the face (prop. having black or dirty streaks); a g. face, a dirty face. Uⁿ. 2) commonly of a white cow, a cow the head of which has a white ground-colour: black-striped or black-spotted on the forehead; a g. coo. In Du. reported in sense of: white- or black-spotted on the forehead. From the same place is reported a form grømet [grømot] in the sense of black with white and black specks on the forehead; a g. coo. 3) of the earth: covered with a very thin layer of snow, esp. with bare patches here and there, when a thaw has set in; de eart’ is g. (wi’ snaw). Y^h., Fe. — 4) of the sky: covered with small clouds with peeps of blue sky in between; de sky is a’ [‘all’] g. Nmⁿ. (N.Roe). — gri̇̄mət (grimət): comm. grɩmət: Du. occas. — *grímóttr. Fær. grímutur, No. grimutt, Sw. dial. grimmet (grimig, grimmig), adj., dirty or having dark stripes in the face, also of cows: having dark stripes on the forehead (in No. and Fær.), having white stripes on the forehead with darker ground-colour (Sw. dial.: Ri.). — See grima (grimi) and grimek, sbs.

grimm [grɩm], sb., a piece, morsel? only noted down of bait in the phrase: der wer no [‘not’] a g. left f(r)ae lug to lug, there was no bait left on the fishing-line (the fish had swallowed the bait off the hooks). Yⁿ. Poss. to be referred to O.N. krymma, f., a hand, = krumma, and No. kremma, f., a handful, as initial k (kr) occas. changes to g (gr) in Shetl. Norn.

grimm [grɩm, grəm], adj., 1) grim; fierce; of a harsh, frowning appearance; also of weather: storm-threatening, a g.-lookin’ or g.-like mornin’. Y^h. 2) ugly; repulsive. 3) fatal; hopeless; der’r a g. look nu, it does not look wellfor him, there is only a slender hope of rescue now (e.g. for a boat in distress, or a person seriously ill). Nm^w. 4) of cattle: having discoloured, greyish forehead, = skjoget-faced. Du. — O.N. grinɩmr, adj., a) grim; evil-minded; b) stern; severe; cruel. Shetl. grimm 4 might spring from the root-meaning dark; cf. grims, sb., dimness; darkness, parallel form to grums, sb. Poss. mingled with grimet, adj. — grimmli [grɩmli, grəmli], adj., = grimm 1 and 2. O.N. grimmligr, adj., of a grim or stern appearance; Eng. grimly, adj. Cf. gromm, *grumm and grommli, grummli, adjs.

grims [grɩ‘ms], sb., dimness; darkness, esp.: a) the close of the evening twilight, de g. o’ de eenin’ [‘evening’], o’ de hømin (twilight); b) early dawn, de g. o’ de mornin’. St. Parallel form to grums, sb., dimness; q.v.

grimst [grimst, grɩ‘mst], adj., 1) of a cow: having many black or white spots, esp. on the forehead; a g. coo. 2) of the earth: sprinkled with snow in patches, esp. during a thaw; snaw [‘snow’]-g. St. Parallel form to grimet, adj.; q.v. For the form grimst cf. Sw. dial. grimsig, adj., = grimig, grimmig, grimmet, Shetl. grimet.

grimster, sb., see grefster, sb.

grind [grɩnd], sb., 1) a gate, wicket-gate, esp. in a fence. comm. Often found in place-names. 2) a frame consisting of four pieces of wood around which are wound the snells (toms, see tom, sb.) or a special angling-line, used in boat-fishing (for mackerel and coalfish), and to which the hooks are fixed. Fo., U^wg. Cf. støbadorro, sb. 3) a mark in a sheep’s ear, a) a mark consisting of two cuts with the sides running parallel, either in the top or in the one side of the ear; in the top: Nm.; in the side: De^w. (M.Roe); b) triangular incision in the top of the ear with the apex downwards (Lunn.). Cf. middel, sb. 4) a shoal of whales, ‘caaɩng’ whales, a g. o’ hwals. Uⁿ. — O.N. grind, f., a frame (filled in with lattice-work), lattice door; wicket fence. Icel., No. and Sw. grind, f., wicker-work; wicket gate; in No. also a frame over which something is stretched, e.g. a line- or snøregrind, a frame for a fishing-line to be wound on. Fær. grind, f., a shoal of ‘caaing’ whales (doubtless from the root-meaning, a frame, a filled frame); No. kvalgrind, f., a row of whales.

grind [grɩnd], vb., to shut the gate in a fence, to g. de gate. De. *grinda. From grind, sb. 1.

grindel [grɩndəl], sb., in the expr.: “to stand by g.”, of a goose (or duck): a) to be white, striped or spotted with grey; b) to be grey on the back and white on the flanks, belly and breast, as well as around the neck. Conn. See further grindlet, adj.

grindhwal [grɩnd··hwāl·], sb., a ‘caaing’ whale. Uⁿ. Fær. grindar-kvalur. See grind, sb. 4.

grindlet [grɩndlət] and grindeld [grɩndəld], adj., of a goose or duck: a) grey-striped, white with grey stripes; b) white and spotted with grey; c) white with grey or dark back; a g. goose, a g. duke [‘duck’]. grindlet: Uⁿ., esp. in senses a and b; in other places more comm.: grindeld. In sense c the word is noted down in S.Sh. (Conn., Du.). A form grinteld [grɩ‘ntəld], besides grindeld, is found in Conn. In Uⁿ. also gringlet [grɩŋglət]. — The primary sense of the word may prob. be: striped with grey, and in that case, the word might be a contraction of an older *gro-rindlet or -rendlet, orig. *grá-rendlóttr. O.N. grárendr, adj., grey-striped; No. rendutt, adj., striped; Shetl. rind, sb., a stripe. The acceptance of a *rendlóttr is supported by a form such as No. randla, vb., = randa, vb., to stripe.

grins [gre‘nᶊ, grɩ‘ntᶊ] and grinsi [gre‘nᶊi, grɩ‘ntᶊi], sb., a small, lean and poor animal, a stunt, a puir [‘poor’] g. Y^h. [gre‘nᶊ]. U^{n. b}. [grɩ‘ntᶊ]. Nmⁿ. [gre‘nᶊi]. Fe. [grɩ‘ntᶊi]. Because initial k (kr) often changes to g (gr) in Shetl. Norn, the word is prob. to be classed with No. kreimskjen and kreimslen, adj., eating little because of delicate health, kreimsl, kræmsl, m., a poor, weakly creature.

grinska, grinsku, sb., see grønska.

grip¹ [grɩp], sb., 1) a taking hold of; a grip. 2) wilful appropriation; a taking possession of; robbery, = O.N. gripdeild, f., and Icel. grip, n. 3) a handle, a grip on a straw-basket (carrying-basket, kessi or bødi). — The word, in its diff. senses, is O.N. as well as Eng. O.N. (No., Icel.) grip, n., a grip, grasp, etc. No. gripe, m., a handle; Icel. greip, f., a handle, ear (B.H.); Sw. grep, f., Da. greb, n., a grip; a handle. — grip [grɩp] is commonly used as a verb in Shetl. in sense of: to grip; also to take possession of, to rob, L.Sc. grip, vb. In fig. sense, to affect; annoy; to make envious or jealous, the form “gripe” (Eng. gripe, vb.) is commonly used. The orig. long i-sound (O.N. grípa, vb.) has now doubtless disappeared in Shetland. “grꜵ̈i‘p” (N.?), reported in fig. sense, is a rare form of pronunc.; “grꜵ̈i‘pət”, perf. part. and adj., seized with a fit of vexation (envy or jealousy). Cf. O.N. (Icel.) gripinn af œði, seized with rage (E.J.), with Shetl. “gripet”, overwhelmed, etc.

grip² [grɩp], sb., a valuable object or possession, excellent of its kind. In a special sense: husband or wife; shø’s gotten a guid (puir) g., she has got a good (bad) husband; he’s gotten a guid (puir) g., he has got a good (bad) wife. U. — O.N. gripr, m., a valuable possession; precious gems, also of living things, esp. of cattle.

griper [grɩpər], sb., properly one or something that grips, used in the following senses: 1) a midwife (Uⁿ.), = kummer. 2) as a sea-term (tabu-name) for fishing-hook (Fo.), = nokki¹. 3) in the pl., gripers, as a sea-term (tabu-name) for tongs (Fe., Du., etc.), = klovi. The form “grɩpər”, with short i-sound, most prob. points back to Eng. and L.Sc. grip, vb.; but the word may originate from Norn in one or more of the above senses.

gripster [grɩpstər], sb., a small fold, enclosure into which sheep are driven (griped). Fo. *gripstr from (O.N.) grip, a grip, grasp.

gris [gr^eiᶊ, gr^æiᶊ], sb., a pig, (young) swine. The vowel-sound “i” is now rare in this word, except in the compd. grisifer, sb. (q.v.). The forms “gr^eiᶊ, gr^æiᶊ” are reported from Fo. and Sa. respectively. Otherwise commonly with anglicised pronunc.: grice [gräis, gräi‘s]. As a call, the forms with dropped r are commonly used, but with preserved “i”, such as: gis [gis, g^eiᶊ]! gisi [gisi]! now most freq. used in the latter form. g^eiᶊ: Uⁿ. — O.N. gríss, m., a pig. In No., Da., Sw., Sc. and N.Eng. dials. “gis” for “gris” is used as a call.

grisifer [griᶊ··ɩfer·, -fər·, gr^æis··ifər·, gr^äis··ifər·, gräi··sifər·], sb., a disease affecting the back and legs (hind-legs) of swine, so that they are unable to stand. The forms of pronunc. “griᶊ··ɩfer·, -fər·, gr^æis··ifər· (gr^äis··ifər)” are noted down on Wests. (Ai.; St.). Prob. *grísa-far. See gris, sb., and far³, firi, sb., (epidemic).

grisl, grisel [grɩsəl], sb., in the expr.: “as hard as g.”, of something unusually hard. U^mo. Orig. doubtless stone? Cf. a) Fær. grísl, n., sharp pebbles in the soil scraping against the spade, and grísla, vb., to produce a sharp, grating sound by scratching something hard; b) Shetl. grisli, adj. As tl in Shetl. does not change to si, the Shetl. grisl can hardly be developed directly from No. grytl, grutl, n., pebbles; gravel.

grisli, grisl-y [grɩsli], adj., full of pebbles, of soil; a girs [‘grass’]-grown, grisli, stany [‘stony’] gerdbalk (ridge of earth). Wh., Lunn. See prec. grisl, sb.

grist [grɩst, grəst], sb., 1) strength; force; bodily fitness; der’r nae [‘no’] g. in him (Sa.). 2) a) strong, hypnotic influence practised by one person upon another; b) hypnotizing; witchcraft; to kast a g. ower ane, α) to deprive someone of his personal will by hypnotic influence; β) to practise witchcraft upon someone, to bewitch. Y. — With grist 2 cf. No. grust, m., harsh authority; fear caused by domineering, chastising authority (R.). grist 1 may be the same word (cf., with ref. to the meaning, No. grusa and grysja, vb., to force one’s way, etc.), it almost agrees with Eng. dial. (W. Yorks.) grist, sb., strength; endurance; activity, and is in Shetl. poss. a loan-word from Eng. dial.

grittin [grətin], sb., a rumbling of thunder; thunderclap; thunder; de g. is gaun [‘going’], the thunder rolls. N.I. Noted down in Fo. in pl.: grittins. Esp. preserved as a tabu-word, belonging to the fishermen’s lang. For *griltin from an older *gryltingr. Cf. No. grulta, grylta, vb., to roll; boom, e.g. of thunder.

gro [grō], sb., wind; esp.: 1) a gentle breeze, a g. o’ wind (Wh., etc.). 2) as a sea-term, fishermen’s tabu-name for wind; de g.; a hantle [‘handful’]^{[errata 4]} o’ g., a good deal of wind (U.); de bow [‘buoy’] is lost de g., the buoy is empty of wind (Nm^w.). Fairly common. Also gru [grū] (Y.; Fe.; Sa.). — O.N. gráði, f., a gentle breeze ruffling the surface of the water, No. graae, m., and graa-a, f. The form gru seems to presuppose a *gróð-; cf. No. (esp. east No.) “groe” as a parallel form to “graae”. — From gro was later formed an adjective “gro-y” [grōi], windy, with wind; a gro-y day.

gro [grō], vb. (vb. n.), to blow gently; used as a tabu-word at sea: to blow. he (de wind) grod [grōd] op f(r)ae sicc a ert, the wind began to blow from such and such a quarter. Also gru [grū] (Y.; Fe.; Sa.); he began to gru f(r)ae de sooth-east, the wind began to blow (harder) from the south-east (Y.; Fe.). More rarely as vb. a. in the expr.: to gro de bow [‘buoy’], to inflate the buoy (Nm^w.), tabu-term at sea. — *gráða (*gróða); No. graa(a), vb., to blow gently; to ruffle the surface of the water. For the form gru cf. No. (esp. east No.) groe, groo(e), vb., = graa(a). The word in Shetl. is easily confounded with “grow”, vb., to increase, also of wind; but, a) the inflected form grod (impf. and perf. part.) as distinct from “grew, grown”, and b) the infinitive “to gru”, show that Shetl. gro (g. op), in the above-mentioned expr., must be referred to O.N. *gráða, and not to Eng. grow.

*gro, adj., see groga, groget, grogi, grokoll.

grobi, sb., see grøbi¹, sb.

*grod, sb., see *grud and *grød, sbs.

*grodningar, *gronge, sb., see groinin, sb.

†grof [grɔf, gråf], adj., coarse (consisting of large, coarse parts). Prob. of later origin: Ndl. grof, Da. grov, adj., coarse, etc. L.Sc. groff and Eng. gruff, adj., are used in a special fig. sense. The word is already found in O.N. grófr, adj., coarse; large. — See grop, sb. and vb.

†groffi [gråffi], sb., “grunter”, prop. a pet name or nickname for a pig; reported in a riddle in which the word is a periphrasis for pig (G. at de finna. . . ., the “grunter” at the fire. . .; see Introd.). Fo. May be a Norse word — note Sw. dial. groffa, vb., to grunt gently — but may also be derived from Eng. dial. gruff (grouff), vb., to grunt.

groga [grōga], sb., now only as the name for a grey mare or cow: Groga, “the grey one”. N.I. For *groa [*grōa] from an older *gráa, def. form in fem. of O.N. grár, adj., grey. Cf. No. “Graa-a” as the name for a grey mare. With ref. to the form grog- for gro-, see the following word.

groget [grōgət], adj., greyish, light grey, of a horse (stallion or mare). Esh.; Nm^w. Deriv. of O.N. grár, adj., grey. The ending -et here denotes, as e.g. in bleget, brunket, rodret, a lighter shade of colour; the common adjectival ending -et (mostly from O.N. -óttr), denoting colour of cows and sheep, may poss. have contributed in the forming of groget (see names of cows — Introd. IV, also N.Spr. VI, § 7); cf. further Icel. golóttur, Fær. gulutur (gulóttur), adj., derived from O.N. gulr, *golr, yellow, denoting light colour on sheep. It is more difficult to explain the inserted g, following o in groget, groga and grogi, sbs. (see prec. and below), which may be due either to a trend to^{[errata 5]} euphony, or to a very early influence from A.S. græg, adj., grey. In Shetl. place-names, however, only the form gro [grō] is found in sense of grey, thus: Hellena gro [hɛᶅ··əna· grō] (Yⁿ.), a grey, flat rock, from O.N. *hellan (acc. helluna) grá; Grostakk [grōstak] (in several places), a grey rock in the sea, *grástakkr; Grosten [grō··sten·] (many places), grey stone, grey rock (the places of this name are commonly regarded as dwellings of the Good Folk): *grásteinn. gro is further found in the compd. grokoll, sb.; q.v.

grogg¹, sb., sediment, see grugg, sb.

grogg², sb., curved back, see krogg, krugg, sb.

grogi [grōgi], sb., now only as the name for a grey stallion or bull: Grogi, “the grey one”. N.I. For *groi [*grōi] from an older *grái, def. form in masc. from O.N. grár, adj., grey. See groga, sb., and groget, adj.

grogsi [grȯgsi], sb., a big peg, nail, tack; also a big pin. N.I.? Prob. an s-deriv. of a *grog, which might be derived from O.N. kraki, m., a stake; thin pole, esp. a pole with a crook. An s-deriv. is found in No. kreksa, f., a bent branch or twig, from “krake”, m., which may mean a bent tree (meaning 4 in Aa.); No. “krukse”, n., a bent, stunted tree (R. New Suppl.) is doubtless cognate with “kreksa”. No. krakse, m., a pin, small stick, is, acc. to Aasen (No. Gramm. 1864, § 134, note), a transformation of “krafse”, m., in the same sense.

groin [grȯin], sb., a shallow fishing-ground. Wh., S.Sh. (Conn., Sandw.). Now mostly as a place-name, esp. name of fishing-grounds: de Groin (in several places); de Groin o’ Stavanes (N.). “de Groin o’ de Isle” is the name of a shallow place in the sea near the Isle of Musa (Sandw., Du.). — The form “grȯin” is developed from an older “*grȯᶇ”. — O.N. grunn, n., and grunnr, m., a shallow; the bottom of the sea. — See *grunn and grunnka, sbs.

*groinin [grȯinin], sb., a cod. Uⁿ. “grȯinin” from an older “*grȯᶇɩn”. Now only in the partly obs. compd. tanngroinin; q.v. From Fo. is reported in Low’s list of words, *grodningar (prop. pl.?) as a name for cod, and (by contraction) *gronge. — O.N. grunnungr, m., a cod.

groitek, sb., see gratta, gratter, sb.

groiti, sb., see grotti¹, sb.

grokoll [grō‘kɔᶅ·], sb., sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for mouse. Also with the first part of the compd. anglicised: grey-koll [kɔᶅ], Ai. Prop. grey-head, *grár kollr or *grákollr; O.N. grár, adj., grey, and kollr, m., the head.

grola [grȯla], sb., steady, gentle wind, esp. steady wind in one place (in the heights) accompanied by calm in a neighbouring place (on the hillside, in the dale); he’s (it is) only a g. Conn. No. græla, f., steady (gentle) wind on the sea.

grolmolet, adj., dirty-faced; peevish, see further under grølmølet, adj.

grolta [grȯ‘ᶅta], sb., a pig, swine, as a pet name or nickname; der’r [‘there is’] a lodi wi’ g., the pig squeals loudly; g. is rinin, the pig squeals. Sa. More uncertain is a form grulta [gro‘lta] in the reported expr. “to geng like a g.” (Sa.). Cf. No. grylta, vb., to grunt (R.), Sw. dial. grollta (grullta, gryllta), vb., to grunt gently; to squeal, applied to pigs.

groltakrabb, sb., see grøtlekrabb.

grom¹ [grōm, grō^əm], vb., 1) to grasp, to grip with the whole hand; also to handle. Nm. 2) to snatch with the mouth; to gnaw through with the jaws, e.g. of fish gnawing through the snell on a fishing-line (Uⁿ.); de turbot [‘halibut’] gromd aff de tom wi’ his granis — see grani, sb. 3) to rake in something with the hands; to root in dirt; to carry out filthy work (U.); to lie gromin i’ de dirt. U. — Either from *grám (*gram) or *krám (*kram)-; cf. a) No. græma, vb., to grasp; grip (Sw. dial. gramma, vb., id.); b) Fær. kráma, vb., to grasp; grip; rake (No. krema, vb., to grip with outstretched arms; to grasp; Sw. dial. krama, vb., to fumble). — See glom¹, vb.

grom² [grōm, grō^əm], vb., to double up; to shrink, e.g. of a new rope, of stiff shoe-laces; to g. like a new rep [‘rope’], first (newly) bent. U. Cf. No. krauma and krøyma (seg), vb., to move sinuously; to double up; to shrink.

groma [groma, grȯma], sb., 1) light mist, esp. mist with rifts through which the blue sky is seen; a misty g. Conn. 2) thin patches of snow on the ground (during a thaw); also pieces of ground covered with snow in patches; a snaw [‘snow’]-g., a snawie [‘snowy’] g. Conn. Cf. grima, grimi, sb. 3) gossamer (waving motion in the atmosphere near the ground, motion in a cobweb), de summer-g. Conn. [groma, grȯma]; Ai. [grȯma]. — The word can in all probability be derived from O.N. gróm, n., something unclean or not clear; cf. Fær. gróm, n., mud; dirt, and “grómutur”, adj., = grímutur, having dirty stripes (spots) on the face, grimy, further grima, grimi, sb., syn. with groma 2, as well as gromi, sb., a cow (striped in the face). Besides “grȯma”, in sense 3 (gossamer), a form of pronunc. “grəma” is found in Ai. Owing to the short main vowel-sound in Shetl. “groma, grȯma, grəma”, the word is poss. not to be directly derived from O.N. gróm; note parallel forms in No. with short vowel, such as: grum-, grym(j)-, in “grumen” and “grymjen, grymen”, adj., muddy. Shetl. “grəma” most prob. points back to a *grym-.

gromi [gromi] and gromek [gromək], humorous name for a cow, prop. a cow with striped face, = grima². Sa. *gróma or *gruma. For the deriv. of the word see prec. under groma, sb.

gromm [grȯm] and grommis [grȯmis], vb., to grope; to fumble in the dark. gromm: Y. grommis: Sandw., Du. Either from gram(m)a or *kram(m)a (Sw. dial. gramma, vb., to grab, grasp; Sw. dial. krama, vb., to fumble). Cf. grom¹, vb.

gromm [grȯm], grommli [grȯmli] and grombli [grȯmbli], adj., = grimm, adj. 1 and 2, and grimmli, adj. See *grumm and grummli, adjs.

gronaben, sb., see graniben, sb.

grond, sb., see grund, sb.

gronin [gronin, grɔnɩn], sb., 1) presentiment; suspicion; I had a g. o’ it, I had a presentiment or a suspicion of it. Uⁿ. 2) casual mention of something; I heard a (de) g. o’ it, I heard it incidentally, I got a hint of it. N.I. — O.N. grunan, f., = grunr, m., suspicion. Cf. gronn, gronni, sb.

gronn [grȯᶇ and gronni [grȯᶇɩ], sb., 1) ambiguous disposition in a person. 2) inclination to hint darkly at something; I kenn (I know) his gronn. 3) a) ambiguous mode of expression; b) covert remark; I kenn by deir gronni, what dey want. 4) sulkiness; dissatisfied state of mind, disinclination to speak plainly, hinting at something; I kent what was in his gronni, I knew what he was brooding over. Conn. — The word is prob. derived from O.N. grunr, m., handed down in sense of suspicion. Cf. No. grun and grune, m., a) supposition; b) brooding, speculating; Sw. dial. grunn and grån, m., a) suspicion; b) information or allusion which causes suspicion; further No. grunk, m., obscure remark; allusion; supposition, and Sw. dial. grunk, m., idle, deficient information; vague rumour. — Cf. gronin, sb.

gronnins [grȯᶇəns] and grondins [grȯᶇdɩns], sb. pl., (shoals in the sea) a place where the current is strong and rapid, now mostly as the name of such a place, esp. applied to the current passing the promontory “de Niv o’ Kleberswick” (Haroldswick, Uⁿ.): de Gronnins, Grondins. Uⁿ. Prop. shallows; banks. Either directly from *grunn (O.N. grunn, n., and grunnr, m., a shallow; the bottom of the sea) or a deriv. thereof; cf. Icel. grynningar, f. pl., shoals in the water, No. grunning, m., and grynna, f., a shallow place, bank, Fær. grynna, f. The ending -in(s) in the Shetl. word may be a survival either of the def. art. in pl. of the old language (grunnin or grunnarnir or grynnurnar) with added Eng. pl. s, or of the derivative ending -ingar, pl. (grunningar, grynningar) with added Eng. s. — See groin and *grunn, sbs.

gronsi [grȯ‘ᶇsi, grȯ‘ᶇᶊi], sb., nickname for a pig. N.Roe. Doubtless for *gronti; see gront, vb., and gronter, sb.

gronska, sb., see grønska, grönska, sb.

gront [grȯ‘ᶇt], vb., 1) to grunt, of swine; de grice gronts. comm. 2) to grumble; to speak in a grumbling, peevish manner, of a vexed person; he gronted it ut o’ him [‘himself’]. 3) to complain; whimper; a grontin body, a grontin bairn [‘child’] (Y.). In sense 3 (to whimper) also noted down in the form kront [krȯ‘ᶇt]: Nm^w. (Esh.) occas., Sa. occas. From Nmⁿ. (N.Roe) is reported grunt [gro‘nt], and from St. grønt [grø‘nt] in sense of to grunt, to make a grunting sound. grunk [gro‘ŋk]: F.I.; de grice is grunkin, the pig grunts. — No. grumta and grymta, vb., to grunt, Sw. grymta, Da. grynte.

gronter [grȯ‘ᶇtər], sb., a grunter, one that grunts, esp. a) as a sea-term, tabu-name for swine; pig; b) gurnard, Trigla. Fo. *grumtari or *grymtari. See gront, vb.

grontjel [grȯ‘ᶇtᶊəl], sb., sea-term, tabu-name for a pig, = gronter; de ali-grontjels, the sucking-pigs. U^b. *grumtl or *grymtl, one that gives short grunts. See grøntl (grontl), vb.

grontl, vb., see grøntl, vb.

grop [grɔp, gråp], sb., 1) coarsely ground corn, (too) coarse meal, regular g. 2) coarse rain; rain in big, heavy drops, a g. o’ rain, grop-rain. — No. grop, n., granular mass; coarse meal. For “grop-rain” is sometimes used “grof [grɔf, gråf] rain” (grof, adj., coarse).

grop [grɔp, gråp], vb., 1) of a quern, mill, or of a person who grinds corn: to grind coarsely; de mill grops; ye’re [‘you are’] gropin de corn; de corn is gropet; gropet meal, de gropin-bed, the space between the quern- or millstones when they are set for coarse grinding. 2) to break or cut into large pieces; to crush coarsely or only partially; gropet livers, fish-livers which have been crushed between the hands. N.I. 3) to rain coarsely; to rain in large drops; he is gropin. — No. gropa, vb., to grind coarsely (Aa.); b) to form a granular mass (R.).

grot, grut [grot, grôt], sb., porridge, esp. of barley-meal or oat-meal. Papa St. O.N. grautr, m., porridge. Cf. *grøtsta (grotsta), sb.

*grot [grɔt], vb., to weep. Uⁿ. Now only in the compd. jolagrot, vb.; q.v. O.N. gráta, vb., to weep. For *grot is now commonly used the L.Sc. form greet (greit: Jam.). Impf. gret [gret], and perf. part. groten [grotən, grɔtən] go back to O.N. “grét” and “grátinn”, impf. (sing.) and perf. part. of “gráta”, respectively.

grotsa [grɔtsa], sb. (f.), a weeping'weep- girl, esp. as a humorous or mocking term: “nu, g.!” “here is g. cornin’ again”. Fe. *grátsa, f., deriv. of O.N. grátr, m., a weeping. See grotsi, sb.

grotsi [grɔtsi], sb. (m.), a weeping boy, esp. as a humorous or mocking term: “nu, g.!” “here is g. comin’ again”. Fe. *grátsi, m., s-deriv. of O.N. grátr, m., a weeping. For the derivative ending cf. No. graassen, adj., inclined to weep, prob. for “*graatse” from an older “*grátsi” (Aa. under graatsam, adj.).

grotska [grȯƫᶊka] and grøtska [grøtska], sb., crying and noise; crying and howling, esp. of children: to had [‘hold’] a g., to cry and make a noise; to cry and howl. Fe. Deriv. of O.N. grátr, m., a weeping.

*grotsta, sb., see *grøtsta, sb.

grotti¹ [grɔti, grɔƫɩ], groiti [grɔiti, gråiti], sb., the nave in a quern- or millstone, a piece of wood or cork which fills up the eye in the lower quern- or millstone through which the gudgeon, de spindle, goes. grotti: Y. (Y^h.: grɔƫɩ). groiti: U. A form grøtti [grøti] is reported from Fe. and Du. — Fær. grotti, No. grotte (grøtte), m., id., from O.N. grotti, m., which is found handed down as the name for quern.

grotti², sb., see gratta, gratter, sb.

grovel [grōvəl], vb., to grope along (in the dark), to g. wi’ de hands. St. Parallel form to gravel, vb.; q.v. In sense of to creep along on all fours, grovel [grōvəl], however, is more prob. the Eng. grovel.

*gru, sb., see grud.

*grud [grūd, grū^əd], sb., stone, a species of stone, only preserved in the compd. “mill-grud”, micaceous gneiss (acc. to S. Hibbert) of which millstones are made. U. More common in the form grøt [grøt], mill-grøt. In Fo.: grot, grut [grot], mill-grot (grut). A form *gru [grū], with dropped final consonant, is handed down in the compd. *spirvigru (Uⁿ.), small chips of stone. As a place-name, denoting stony ground; rocky ground; collection of large stones or fragments of rocks, the word is found in various forms: grod [grōd], grud [grūd], grød [grø̄d] and grøt [grøt]; more rarely in other forms, thus: in a single instance grot [grɔt] as the first part of compd.; occas. in compds.: “grød” with short vowel. In names of cultivated plots of land (home-field), partly uncompounded, partly as the second part of compd., the word (grod, grud, grød [grø̄d or grød]) denotes cleared ground. See Shetl. Stedn. p. 100. *grød [grø̄d], and occas. *grod, are found in a special sense: ford of stones; low, rocky neck of land; see further under grøt¹, sb.

grugg [grog(g)], sb., sediment; dregs, in a special sense: sediment in buttermilk or whey; porridge-like substance resulting from an unsuccessful churning (Conn., Sandw., Du.). Also grogg [grȯg(g)]. No., Fær., Icel. grugg, n., sediment; dregs. Cf. dava, drotl, gjola, sbs.

gruggi, grugg-y [grog(g)i], adj., dreggy; muddy; g. milk = drotl, sb. (Du.). Also of weather: dim; dark; threatening. g. wadder. Deriv. of grugg, sb.

gruli, grulja, sb., a person, masked or dressed up like an ogress, see grølek, grøli, sb.

grulta, sb., see grolta, sb.

grum [grum], sb., a number of small objects, e.g. very small potatoes; a lock [‘lot’] o’ g. Sandw., Du. (Hoswick). Doubtless prop. dregs; a granular mass; cf. No. grumen, adj., dreggish, and grymja, f., mixed mass, as well as Sw. dial. grum, n., sediment; dregs (Ri. under “går, gorm”), grumä, vb., to crush to pieces (Gothl.), and groma, f., clotted cream.

*grumm [grum, grôm] and gromm [grȯm], adj., = grimm, adj. 1 and 2. The form “grumm” is reported from Papa St. Cf. Da. grum, Sw. grym and (dial.) grum, adj., grim.

grummli [grumli, gromli], adj., of a grim, fierce or frowning appearance; also ugly; repulsive; a g. guest, a repulsive, ghastly visitor (e.g. of an apparition); a g. sight. Papa St. Other forms are grommli [grȯmli], reported from Y^h., and grombli [grȯmbli], reported from U. grimmli is more common; a grimmli guest or sight; see under grimm, adj.

grums [gro‘ms], sb., turbidness; darkness; de g. o’ de mornin’, the beginning of early dawn; de g. o’ de eenin’, the close of the evening twilight or dusk, = grims. St. The same word as Da. grums, n., dregs, esp. coffee-grounds.

grums¹ [gro‘ms], vb., to fumble or grope in a coarse, rude manner. Conn. Doubtless to be referred to *gramsa, vb., to grasp; see grems, vb. Cf., however, also grøfs and grøms¹, vb.

grums² [gro‘ms], vb., 1) to make turbid; to mingle; to mix different things together; to g. op (to stir up mud), to g. togedder. 2) to root in something, to search for something in dirt or mud, to g. atill (intill) onyting [‘into something’] (Sa.). 3) to g. anesell [‘oneself’], ane’s face, to soil oneself, esp. in the face; de bairn is grumst its face, the child has dirtied its face (Sa.). 4) to speak confusedly, he grumst it (Sa.). 5) to mutter inaudible remarks, mutter under one’s breath. Nmⁿ. (N.Roe). From Sa. is reported grumps [gro‘mps] and gromps [grȯ‘mps] as parallel forms to grums. — Deriv. of *grum; see grum, sb. Cf. Da. grumse and Sw. grumsa, vb., from grums, n. With grums 5 cf. Sw. dial. grummsa, vb., to speak vaguely and in an undertone; to grumble about something (Ri. under “gruna”, vb.).

grumset [gro‘msət (gru‘msət)], adj., 1) turbid; muddy; mingled; mixed; g. water, turbid or muddy water. Wests. Also grumsi [gro‘msi]. 2) dirty, esp. on the face; a g. face, a dirty (besmeared) face; also grumsi. Wests. (Sa., Papa). 3) confused and unintelligible in one’s speech; mingling different topics together(in speaking) (Sa.). 4) muttering under one’s breath, speaking inaudibly and indistinctly, also gruff and peevish; a g. body, a) a person muttering inaudible answers; b) a gruff person. Nmⁿ. (N.Roe). — Commonly pronounced “gro‘ms-”. Papa: gru‘msət and gro‘msət. — From Sa. is reported grumpset [gro‘mpsət] and grompset [grȯ‘mpsət] as parallel forms to grumset. — Deriv. of grums, vb.

grumsi [gro‘msi], sb., a) one who mutters under his breath; b) a gruff person, = a grumset body. N.Roe. See grums, vb. 5, and grumset, adj. 4.

grund, grund [grȯnd (grønd)], sb., 1) ground, soil. 2) ground, foundation. 3) sea-bottom, esp. the sea-floor of a fishing-ground. The word is partly O.N. grund, f., ground, soil, partly O.N. grunn, n., grunnr, m., a) a shoal in the sea, bank; b) ground, foundation, L.Sc. grund, sb., the bottom of the water. See *groin, *gronnins (pl.) and *grunn, sbs.

grund-ebb, sb., the last stage of ebb (low water).

grundking, grund-king [grȯnd·kɩŋ· (-ᶄɩŋ·, grønd·-)], sb., in a water-mill: an iron plate, a piece of iron with two or three holes, which is fixed to the ground-sill (de grund-slo, sole-tree) and in which the pivot of the axle turns. *grunnkengr. The first part of the compd. is grund, sb. 2; the second part is king, sb., a bend; bight; crook, O.N. kengr. grundsäil (S.Sh.) is another name for grundking.

grundrif, grund-rif [grȯndrɩf, grȯnd·rɩf· (grønd·-)], sb., heavy swell in the sea; very agitated sea. Prop. heave with ground-swell. Conn. [grȯndnrɩf, grȯnd·rɩf·]; Nm^w. [grȯnd·rɩf· (grønd·-)]. *grunn-rif. For the second part of the compd. see further rif, sb.

grundsäil, grund-sile [grond·säil· (grønd·-)], sb., = grundking. S.Sh. *grunn-sigli. For the second part of the compd. (iron sill; mill-crank) see further säil¹, sb.

grundsem, grund-sem [grȯndsem, grȯnd·sem·, -sɛm, (grønd-)], sb., “ground-nail”, one of the nails by which the bottom boards of a boat are fixed to the keel. See sem, sb.

grundsig, grund-sig [grȯnd·sig·], sb., heavy swell in the sea, prop. ground-swell; a g. i’ de sea. Conn. *grunn-sig. For the second part of the compd. see further sig, sb.

grundslo, grund-slo [grȯnd·slō· (grønd·-)], sb., in a water-mill: ground-sill with an iron plate (king, grund-king), in which the pivot of the axle turns. Fo. *grunn-slá. No. grunn-slaa, f., ground-sill beneath the axle of a quern. “sole-tree” is more commonly used than grundslo (at any rate outside Fo.). From Du. is reported a form “grund-slu [grȯnd·slū·, grønd·slū·]”, which presupposes an original form *grunn-slǫ́. “grund-slu” is used partly in the same sense as grundking.

†grundswirl, grund-†swirl [grȯnd·swɩr·əl], sb., tabu-name, sea-term for swine, pig. Conn. Prop. “he that roots in the ground”, like other tabu-names for swine, which mean rooter, he that roots; see moddin, sb. swirl, then, cannot be originally explained from an Eng. and L.Sc. swirl, vb., to which it assimilates in form, but more prob. from an old *svarfla, vb.; Icel. svarfla, vb., to rummage about, tofling here and there (B.H.), from O.N. svarfa, vb., to displace; put out of order; to upset.

*grunn [gron(n)], sb., a shoal in the sea, shallow bank, fishing-ground. Fo. Now only as a place-name, thus: de Hevdagrunn [*hǫfðagrunnr], named after the forelands “de Nort’, Mid and Sooth Hevdi” in Fo. Otherwise more comm. in the form groin; q.v. O.N. grunn, n., and grunnr, m., a shallow; the bottom of the sea.

grunnka [gro‘ŋka], sb., a shallow bank in the sea, a fishing-ground; now esp. as the name of a certain fishing-ground: de Grunnka (inside Hevdagrunn; see the prec. word); “we’re [‘we have’] been on de grunnka (de Grunnka)”. Fo. Outside Fo. doubtless found only as a place-name, name of fishing-grounds, thus: de Grunnka (Yⁿ.); de Grunnkes [gro‘ŋkəs], pl. (U^mo.); de Grunnkens [gro‘ŋkəns], pl. def. form (Ai.). *grunnka, f., deriv. of grunn, grunnr, Shetl. *grunn, sb. With ref. to the derivative ending, cf. No. grunka, f., a shallow place in the water.

grunt, vb., to grunt, see gront, vb.

grøb [grøb], vb., properly to make holes in the earth, esp. to grub before the sowing of e.g. turnips; to g. de muld. Du. Cf. Sw. dial. gröpa, grypa, vb., to delve; scoop (Ri. p. 220), No. gropa, Fær. grópa, vb. See the foll. word.

grøbi¹ [grø̄bi, grøbi], sb., 1) a hollow; small, roundish hollow in the soil; esp. a place from which the turf has been cut, and from which the so-called “dof muld” is fetched (see dof, adj.), a bare patch of mould (forming a small hollow), a muldi [mȯldi, møldi] g. Noted down in Sa., with long ø, otherwise a short ø is more common. Occas. also grobi [grȯbi], a muldi g.: Nm^{w., n.}. (alternating with grøbi). A form grøp [grøp] is handed down in the N.I., N.Roe, Fo. and Du. In N.Roe a distinction is made between grøp, hollow, e.g. a g. i’ de flør [‘floor’], and “a muldi grobi”. 2) a large vessel, sunk in the barn-floor, in which the husks are loosened from the corn by stamping it with the feet. St.: grøp [grøp]. Arisen from sense 1: a hollow. Barclay (Suppl. to Edm.) has “grûp” (in which û prob. denotes the short ø-sound) in sense of a) a ditch; peat-pit; b) a gutter behind the stalled cattle in a byre for receiving their dung and urine. — As a place-name the word is found e.g., in “de Grøp [grøp] o’ de Sooth Sten” (Hamarsberg, Snaravo, U^wg.). — Cf. No. graup, grop, grøypa, f., a groove; hollow, grøyp, f., deep track, Sw. grop and (dial.) groppä, grubbå, f., a hollow; deep track. Da. grube, sb., a pit, etc.; O.N. gróp, f., a pit, = gróf, gryfja, f. Shetl. grøbi and grøp may spring from *graup, *grøyp(a) or *grypja(?); grobi from *grop, *gropp- (gróp?) or *graup.

grøbi² [grø̄bi], sb., 1) soft mud; mire; slush. 2) bungled work; worthless objects. Uⁿ. Cf. No. grypja and grøypa, f., lumpy or untidy mass, (lumpy) mixture (R.).

grøbi³ [grø̄bi], sb., a small, feeble, incapable person; a poor wretch; also a naughty child. Y^h. Prob. the same word as No. “krjup” and “kryp”, m., a poor wretch; coward (from O.N. krjúpa, vb., to creep), with the change of initial k > g, often occurring in Shetl. Norn. With ref. to this change, cf. the foll. word.

grøbi⁴ [grø̄bi], sb., in cattle: the arched forepart of the back, esp. in the expr. “to set de g.”, to arch the back and lower the head, to place oneself in an attitude of attack, applied to a cow about to charge. Sa. grøb- from an original *krypp-; cf. O.N. kryppa, f., a hump; curvature of the back (kroppinn, perf. part. and adj., crippled; crooked, and kroppinbakr, adj., hunch-backed), No. kryplor, f. pl., the upper part or the forepart of the body, esp. the shoulders (R. “krøplaar”. The normalization into “kryplor” is given with hesitation). The long ø in Shetl. grøbi is certainly due to a later lengthening of the vowel.

grøbi⁵ [grø̄bi], sb., a species of stone of which millstones are made, mill-g. Conn. Doubtless corrupt for *grødi. See grud and grøt¹ (grød), sb.

grøbi⁶ [grø̄bi], sb., = gløb¹, gløbi, sb. Fe. Prob. arisen from gløbi by transition of l to r.

*grød, sb., see grøt¹, sb.

*grød [grø̄d] and *grøt [grøt], vb., to become turbid; to become or be indistinct (partly covered), noted down in the following expr. (sea-term), belonging to fishermen’s tabu-lang.: de glomer grøds, grøts (is grødin, grøtin) i’ de mirkebrod, the moon is partly hidden by clouds (drifting clouds). Conn. No. gruta, vb., to become dim (cloudy).

grødek, sb., see grøta, sb.

grøfel [grø̄^əfəl] and grøvel [grø̄^əvəl, grøvəl], vb., properly to grovel, now esp. to fumble along in the dark; to com’ or geng grøflin, grøvlin. U.: [grø̄^əfəl, grø̄^əvəl]. Conn.: [grøvəl]. O.N. grǫfla (gröfla), vb., = grufla, vb., to grovel. Cf. gravel and grovel, vbs., as well as grøfs, sb.

†grøflins [grøflɩns], adv., face downwards, prostrate; to fa’ [‘fall’] g. = O.N. falla á grúfu, to fall face downwards. Prop. a L.Sc. form of word: “groflins, grufelingis, -lyngis” in Jam., who gives the explanation: “in a grovelling posture”, thus to a certain degree deviating from Shetl. grøflins in the above-mentioned application. The Shetl. word, however, is also used in exprs. exactly agreeing with the L.Sc. (to lie g.).

grøfs [grøfs], vb., to grovel (esp. in the dark), to fumble along in the dark in a stooping posture, almost = grøfel; to come grøfsin; he cam’ grøfsin in ower de bed. St. *grǫfsa (grufsa)? See further under grøfel, vb. Cf. grøms¹, vb.

grøk, sb., see grik, sb.

grøli [grø̄li (grø̄^əli), grøli] and grølek [grø̄lək (grø̄^ələk), grølək], sb., a troll (a witch), a bugbear. A) grøli: 1) a bogey or troll by which children are scared; du has better bide in, for else de øli grøli will tak’ dee (Fo.). Y., Fe., Nmⁿ. (N.Roe), Fo. grø̄li, grø̄^əli: Y., Fe., N.Roe. grø̆li: Fo. 2*) a witch, esp. belonging to a certain class of trolls, to one of the three classes into which they are divided, acc. to old tradition, as distinct from *skolta and *friggatisura. Y^h. B) grølek: 1) a masked person, esp. a person disguised in a dress of plaited straw; to “geng in” grøleks, to put on fancy dresses (straw dresses) and go about in this disguise; an old custom on certain days, not quite holidays, of the year, esp. on the so-called “winter-Saturday” or prop. winter-Sunday Saturday — the first Saturday after the 14th October, (fixed time for) the beginning of the winter — and on All-Saints’ Day (Hallowmass), the 1st November; certainly also at Shrovetide. U. [grø̄lək, grø̄^ələk]. Outside U., esp. in Y., Fe. and Nm., skekel, skekler, sb., is used in this sense, “to geng in skeklin” (pres. part. of skekl, vb.). For the use of the word grøli in Y. and Fe., see prec. In the sense of disguised (masked, straw-dressed) person, L.Sc. guizard, (Shetl.) “guiser [(gaisər) gäisər]” is now commonly used outside the N.I. 2) snow-man, a snawie [‘snowy’] g. Fo. [grølək]. — Two forms with dropped i-mutation: gruli [grūli] and grulja [groᶅa], are reported from Conn. (Fladabister) in sense of disguised (masked) person, esp. a person dressed up like a witch; gruli is mostly used in the compd. “minnie-gruli” (L.Sc. minnie, sb., good woman, old woman); to play m.-g. — O.N. grýla, f., a bugbear; an ogress; Fær. grýla, f., a bugbear; a masked person. — Cf. skekel, skekler, sb.

grølmølet [grøl·møl·ət] and grolmolet [grȯl·mȯl·ət], adj., 1) grimy, dirty-faced, a g. face. Partly with a further application, e.g. of dirty clothes, dirty or badly washed clothes; g. claes [‘clothes’]. 2) long-faced; vexed; peevish. Du. *grýlumýltr or -múlóttr? For the supposed first part of the compd. see prec. grøli, grølek, sb. The second part is a deriv. of O.N. múli, m., a muzzle; hanging lip. With -mølet, -molet in sense 2 of the Shetl. word cf. No. mulen, adj., sulky and fretful, mula, vb., a) to sulk; b) to sit silent or thoughtful, and Da. mule, vb., to sulk. The explanation of the first part of the Shetl. word grøl (grol)- as a deriv. of “grýla” can be supported by ref. to the occurrence of *trollmolet, adj. (q.v.), used syn. with grølmølet. Cf., however, gormollet (under gormolg, gormoll, vb.), which in meaning partly assimilates to grølmølet.

grømek¹ [grø̄mək], sb., sea-term, tabu-name, belonging to fishermen’s lang., for ram. Wh., Yⁿ. Prob. a *grýmingr from *grímungr; cf. O.N. grímr, m., as a poetic name for ram (Eg.). Might also be thought to have arisen by deriv. from “gróm”; cf. groma, sb., as the name for a cow with striped face, = grima¹.

grømek², sb., see grimek, sb.

grømet, adj., see grimet, adj.

grømi, sb., see grima¹, sb.

grøms¹ [grø‘ms], vb., = grøfs, vb. (q.v.); to come grømsin. St. Poss. infl. in form by grums¹, vb.

grøms² [grø‘ms], vb., properly to make turbid; to stir up in dirt? only reported in the expr.: to g. ower de (ane’s) face, to wash one’s face slightly; he ’s [‘is’ = ‘has’] grømst ower his face. Ai. Doubtless the same word as grums², vb.

*grøn [grø̄n (grø̄^ən)], adj., green. Also *gren [grē^ən], and with dropped i-mutation: *gron [grōn (grō^ən)]. Preserved in the old, now obsolete, double ballad-refrain: Skowan ørla grøn (or grøna) [grø̄n (grø̄na)]. . . . Hwar jorten gru gren [grēn] orla (with “han grøn” as a variant of “gru gren”); see Introd. (Fragments of Norn). In place-names, in the forms grøn (comm.) and gron, with long vowel-sound, and (esp. in the case of the last-mentioned form) with a short vowel-sound. Examples: Blettena grøna [blæt··əna· or bläƫ··əna· grø̄na] (Yⁿ.). Blekna grøna [blækna grø̄na] (Yⁿ.), grassy spots among heather: *blettirnir (acc. blettina) grœnu. Dalin grøna [dâlɩn grø̄na] (Norwick, Uⁿ.), a green dale: *dalrinn grœni (acc.: dalinn grœna). Fidna grøna [grøna] (Ai.), see *fid, sb. Ljogena or Løgena grøna [grø̄na] (Y^h.), see log, ljog³, sb. [lœkr]. Mørena grøna [grø̄na] (Y^h.), see mør¹, sb. [mýrr]. Gilena grona [gɩl··əna· grɔna] (Maywickⁿ., Du^w.), narrow, green dales: *gilin grœnu; see gil¹, sb. Stakkena grona [stak··əna· grōna], some grass-grown rocks, overhanging the sea (Ham Vo, Fo.): *stakkarnir (acc. stakkana) grœnu. Tona grona [tona grȯna] (Sund near Lerwick, M.): prob. *tóin grœna (acc.: tóna grœnu); O.N. tó, f., a grassy spot. As the first part of compd. mostly with short vowel, e.g. Grøni [grø̄nɩ, grønɩ]: *grœn-øy, a green or grass-grown isle (several islets of this name); Gronablett [grȯn··ablæt·] (Kwarf, S.Sh.): *grœni blettr (acc.: grœna blett), see blett, sb. Grønastakk (Grønistakk) [grøn··astak· (grø̄··na-), grø̄n··i-] and Gronastakk [gron··astak· (grȯn··a-), gron··istak· (grȯn··i-)] (several places), a high rock in the sea with a grass-grown top: *grœni stakkr (acc.: grœna stakk). Grønitong [grøn··itɔŋ·] (N.Roe), and Gronateng [gron··atæŋ·] (W., Snaranes, Sa^e.), a green tongue of land, headland: *grœni tangi (acc.: grœna tanga). Grøntu [grøntu] (W.): *grœna tó or þúfa (mound, knoll), most prob. “þúfa”; cf. below Green-tua. The word is anglicised in e.g.: a) Green-a [gri̇̄na, older: gri̇̄ne], an islet (Wd., Vo, M.): *(grœn-)øy — cf. prec. “Grøni”; b) Green-mu [mū] (C.): *(grœnn) mór; c) Green-tua [tūa] (Fe.): *(grœna) þúfa; cf. Grøntu. — O.N. grœnn, adj., green. — From an O.N. *grœn(a), f., in sense of a green spot (Fær. grøna, f., in place-names; Sw. dial. grön, f., = grönska) are derived names such as: a) de Grons [grōns (grō^əns)] (Skaw, Uⁿ.), grassy spots between sea-rocks; b) de Grønins [grønɩns] (Onjefirt’, Ai.); c) de Gronins [grȯnɩns] (Hwefirt’, Nm.). Anglicised in “de Nort’ Greens” (Heglabister, Wd.). In Fe. is found Grøna [grø̄na] as the name of a fishing-ground, so called from a green spot, used as a landmark.

grønin [grønin], sb., dawn. Fo. *grýning. See grik, grøk, sb. In No.: graaning, f., dawn, prop. the grey of the morning.

grønska [grø‘nska, grø‘nᶊka, grø‘ᶇᶊka], grönska [grö‘ᶇᶊka] and gronska [grȯ‘nᶊka, grȯ‘ᶇᶊka], sb., in digging with a spade: green heads of turf turned up by digging. Y., Fe., De., Sa. grønska with close ø-sound: Sa. [grø‘nska]; De. [grø‘nᶊka, grø‘ᶇᶊka], more rarely in Y. and Fe. grönska, and more comm. gronska: Y. [grȯ‘nᶊka, grȯ‘ᶇᶊka: Y^h. (grö‘ᶇᶊka: Y^m. occas.)]; Fe. [grȯ‘nᶊka, grȯ‘ᶇᶊka: Fe^{w., h}.]. grønsku, -sko [grønskô] as well as grinska [grɩnska], grinsku, -sko [grɩnskô] are reported from Sa. as parallel forms to grønska. The forms with i, which now are most commonly used in Sa., have been formed through infl. of Eng. green, adj. gronses [grȯ‘ᶇᶊəs], pl.: Conn. From Fo. is reported grinsku, “greensku” [grɩn·sku·, grin·sku·] in a different sense: sprouting grass, esp. that which begins to grow on cultivated, poor ground. In Lunn. grinsku [gri‘nsᶄu] denotes the second crop of corn which grows anew when the first crop has been struck down by rain, — green ilsku; see ilska¹, sb. — O.N. grœnska, f., verdure; a green spot (No. grønska); green vegetation (No. and Fær. grønska). — The forms ending in -sku, -sko, spring from the acc. (gen., dat.) form “grœnsku”.

grønt [grø‘nt], vb., to grunt. St. *grymta. See further gront, vb.

grøntl, grøntel [grø‘ntəl], vb., to grunt, to give short grunts; de grice grøntels. Wests. (Ai., Sa.). *grymtla from *grymta. See grønt and gront, vb.

grøp, sb., see grøbi¹, sb.

grøp [grøp], vb., to groove, to cut a groove in a board or piece of wood for fitting into a corresponding edge; to grøp and sekk. Mostly in perf. part.: grøpet [grøpət], grooved, with a cut groove; de børds is [‘boards are’] grøpet and sekket. O.N. grøypa (greypa), vb., to groove (No. grøypa), to fit into a groove.

grøt¹ [grøt], sb., stone, a species of stone, comm. in the compd. “mill-grøt” (Eng. mill-grit), a species of stone from which millstones are made, micaceous gneiss (acc. to S. Hibbert); see *grud, sb. An obsolete form *grød [grø̄d] is found in sense of: a) rocky ground; a rocky stretch of coast; collection of big boulders or fragments of rock; b) a stony ford; a low-lying, rocky tract, shaped like a neck or tongue of land, connecting a smaller piece of land with a larger — now only used as a place-name, though the meaning of the word is still understood, and it is always prefixed by the definite article; in sense b, esp. in “de Skerries (East Skerries)”: de *grød (Grød) o’ Grøni [*grœn-øy; see *grøn, adj.], de *grød o’ de holm, de *grød o’ Mjones [*mjáfanes, *mjánes, “the narrow headland”]; the last name denoting a part of “de West Isle” (one of the Skerries), and used esp. by Lunnasting fishermen, while the Skerri-men commonly call the place “de Stig [sti̇̄g] o’ Mjones”. In sense a (loosened rocks, collection of big boulders), *grød is found esp. in Eshanes, Nm^w., in the foll. place-names which stand on the border between a place-name and a common noun: de Grød o’ Tangwik [tanok]; de Grød o’ de Isle (Isle o’ Stenhus); de Grød o’ de Skerri (Stenhus). In Fo.: de Grøds, a stony stretch of the hill “de Kame”. Otherwise the word is found as a place-name also in forms such as: Grod [grōd], Grud [grūd] and Grøt [grøt], e.g. de Grods (Uⁿ. and Conn.), now culitivated land; de Grud (U^w.), a rocky strip of coast; de Gruds (Tumlin, Ai.), name of a farm; de Grøt o’ Stavanes (N.), stony beach. In sense b of the preceding *grød is found in Fe. a form *grod- in the place-name “de Grodins [grōdins], two skerries connected with the Isle of Fetlar by low-lying, rocky necks, and also in Uⁿ. groit [grɔit]- in “Stakken groiti [stakən grɔiti]” (Norwick), a high sea-rock, connected with the mainland by a low, rocky neck, prob. orig. *stakkrinn í grjóti. See further *grud, sb., and Shetl. Stedn. pp. 100—101. O.N. grjót, n., stone, a species of stone (esp. material for building); No. grjot (grjøt), n., also a collection of big boulders under or by the water, a stony ford (R.).

grøt² [grøt (grøⁱt)], sb., dregs of train-oil; sediment of cod-liver oil. comm. “grøⁱt” is noted down in Fe.; otherwise comm. “grøt”. Icel. grútr, m., id.

grøta [grø̄ta], grøtek [grø̄tək, grøtək] and grødek [grødək], sb., a pot, now only preserved as a tabu-name, sea-term in fishermen’s lang. U. In the colloq. lang.: a kettle. O.N. grýta, f., a pot. See ringlodi, sb.

grøti¹ [grøti], sb. and adj. in the expr. “g.-oil, g. oil”, — grøt², sb. Wh.

grøti² [grøti], sb., a wisp of straw, greased with train-oil dregs, which is dipped into the water in angling with fishing-rod (from the shore), in order to produce fat (ljum, ljumi) on the water so as to allure the fish. Uⁿ. Deriv. of grøt², sb. Is called grøti-mollek in Du.; see the foll. word.

grøti-mollek [grøti-mɔᶅək], sb., 1) = grøti², sb. 2) the belly of a fish, filled with liver from fish and boiled, = liver-mogi. Du. See grøt², sb., and mollek¹, sb.

grøtlekrabb [grøⁱt··ləkrab·], sb., a kind of tiny, grey crab, often found in shells (trumpet-shells); hermit-crab. Also groltakrabb [grȯⁱ‘lta-, grȯ·ᶅtakrab] and goltakrabb [gȯ‘ᶅ··takrab·]. Y^h. The form grøtlekrabb is doubtless the original of the three mentioned, and the first part of the compd. might then be associated with No. grutl, n., dregs; eggs from aquatic animals (grytl, n., gravel).

*grøtsta [grøtᶊta] and *grotsta [grȯƫᶊta], sb., porridge. Y^h. graut-staði, m., from O.N. staði, m., a pile, No. stade, m. No. grautstad, m., a mass of porridge (R. under “støda”).

grøtti [grøti], sb., the nave in a quern- or millstone, see further grotti (groiti), sb.

grøvel, vb., see grøfel, vb.

*gu [gū], sb., a two-stringed violin, see *gju and *gø, sb.

gudet [gūdət], adj., minded; tempered, weel [‘well’] or ill g. Uⁿ. See further godet, adj.

*gue [gūə], adj. (acc. and dat. fem.), good, preserved in an old verse from Unst: De vare or vera gue ti, etc. it was in a happy hour (time), etc. (see Introd.). A form *goden is reported from Fo.; q.v.

guen [gūən], sb., improvement in the weather, a g. i’ de wadder; he (de wadder) is [‘has’] made a g., the weather has improved, esp. of a spell, interval of fine weather; calm weather after storm. Nm., De. *góðan (or *góðing), a substantive formed from the verb *góða, *góða sik, to become good (góðr); No. goda seg, vb., to become good, of weather (R.).

guf [gof] and gof [gɔf, gȯf], sb., 1) steam; smoke, esp. a large escape of steam or smoke; a g. o’ steam, a g. o’ reek. 2) a current of air; breath of wind, a gof o’ wind (Y^h.: gɔf; Sa.: gȯf). 3) a strong smell of something (N.Roe and Y^h.: gɔf); I fann (felt) de g. o’ it. 4) a) heavy, rapid breathing, e.g. of an animal on a hot day; b) breathlessness; great hurry; he cam’ in a g. Conn. [gof, gȯf]. 5) hasty state of mind; intense, unprovoked anger; he cam’ in a g. aboot it. Conn. [gof, gȯf]. — O.N. gufa and *gofa, f., smoke; steam; No. guva and gova, f., and gov, n., Sw. dial. guva, gova, gåva, f.

guf [gof] and gof [gɔf], vb., 1) to steam; smoke. 2) to breathe heavily and rapidly. 3) to hurry on; rush along in great haste; to come puffing and blowing; to come gufin, gofin. — *gufa, *gofa. Icel. gufa, Fær. guva, No. gova, Sw. dial. guva, gova, gåva, vb., to steam; smoke; fume; blow; No. guva, vb., to smoke; drift; fidget, etc.

guff [gof] and goff [gɔf], sb., 1) yelp, yelping (low barking). Nmⁿ. (N.Roe): goff. 2) nickname for pig, in a riddle. U^mo.: guff. In sense 2 doubtless prop. the snorting one or he who “guzzles”. — See guff, vb.

guff [gof] and goff [gɔf], vb., to yelp; bark. Nmⁿ. (N.Roe): goff. No. guffa, vb., to yelp.

gufs [gofs] and gofs [gɔfs], sb., an impetuous, rude person. Nm. To be classed with No. gufse, m., a stately, dashing fellow (one who cuts a prominent figure), and gofs, m., an impetuous, violent person.

gufset¹ [gofsət] and gofset [gɔfsət], adj., impetuous, noisy and rough in behaviour; a g. body. Nm. *gufsóttr (*gofsóttr). See gufs, sb.

*gufset², adj., see gjufset.

gugl, gugel [gogəl], sb. and vb., see gogl, gogel.

gula [gula], sb., wind; sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. Fo. O.N. gula, f., wind, a squall of wind, = gola. See gola, sb.

gulgrav, gulgref, gulgrev, sb., see golgrav, sb.

guls [go‘ls], sb., empty, noisy chatter; clamour; nane [‘none’] o’ dy g.! Y., Fe. No. guls, m., belching, applied to air or fluid.

guls [go‘ls], vb., to talk loudly, in a blustering manner, to clamour. Y., Fe. No. gulsa, vb., to rush forward, applied to masses of air or liquid.

gulsa [go’lsa], sb., jaundice. comm. — gulsa-girs [‘grass’], a plant, bogbean, used as a remedy against jaundice. gulsa-snail, g.-shall [‘shell’], g.-whelk, shelled animal or the shell only, used as a remedy against jaundice in cattle (put in the drinking-water). — O.N. gulusótt, f., jaundice.

gum¹ [gūm], sb., the gums, palate; in its old form with a long u-sound, now indeed only preserved in the compd. “gum [gūm]-stick”, fishermen’s sea-term, tabu-name for the so-called kavel- or kavlin-tree (pattel-tree), cylindrical piece of wood with a small crook of iron at the end, for extracting the hook when the fish has swallowed it too far down. O.N. gómi, m., the palate, and gómr, m., the gums, palate.

gum² [gūm, gôm], sb., mind; temper; feeling, esp. in the expr. “ill g.”, ill-will, esp. temporary ill-will; to ha’e [‘have’] a ill g. at ane [‘one’], to bear enmity or ill-will against someone. N.I. U. and Y.: gūm. Fe.: gôm. — O.N. gaum (gǫum), f., and gaumr (gǫumr), m., heed; attention. The vowel-sound in Shetl. “gūm” points, however, towards an association with gudet, adj., from “(gá) gǫ́”, syn. with “gaum(r)”; see godet, adj. — Cf. the foll. word.

^*?“gum”, vb., to pay attention; notice. Barclay: gume. Not reported, the pronunciation therefore uncertain, but the vowel-sound is prob. the same as in gum², sb., a long u or a long close o; q.v. “gume, to notice”, is found as a marginal note under ent, ant, vb., in Barclay’s manuscript supplementto Edm. — Is doubtless O.N. gøyma (geyma), vb., to pay attention, etc., with a later dropping of i-mutation through infl. of gum², sb.

gumbet [gombət] and gombet [gȯmbət], adj., coarse of appearance, repulsive, g.-lookin’. Sometimes also of weather: ill-boding, hazy and windy; g.-like wadder [‘weather’] or sky. Ai. In the first-mentioned sense poss. to be classed with No. gamp, m., a big, coarse (strong) body; a heavy, clumsy person. Might, however, like the syn. gumset (from *gumsa, f., a ewe), also be associated with “gumma”, f., which in Sw. dial. denotes a ewe. The use of gumbet (gombet), appl. to the weather, may be due to an extension of the original use of the word.

gumbos [gombȯs] and gombos [gȯmbȯs], sb., 1) uproar, noise, noisy running about; what are ye hadin’ sicc [‘holding such’] a g. aboot? U^burr. [gȯmbȯs]. 2) vexed or angry state of mind, testiness; he cam’ in a g.; Nm^s. [gombȯs]. — The word doubtless denotes a) jumping; b) swinging or wriggling one’s body. Cf. No. gimpa, g. (paa) seg, vb., to swing one’s shoulders, etc., gump, m., a push; buffet, Sw. dial. gimpa and gumpa, vb., to wriggle one’s hips; to jump heavily and clumsily. gumbos (gombos) 1 points to an original “gimpa, gumpa” in sense of to jump, spring. The root-meaning of gumbos 2 is wriggling, swinging one’s body. — Cf. gombel, sb., and the foll. word.

gumpelfik [go‘m··pəlfɩk·], sb., restlessness; bustling. U.? gumplfeck: Edm. The second part of the compd. is fik, sb., bustle, (fidgety) trifling. For the first part gumpel, see the above-mentioned etym. under gumbos, and cf., with ref. to the form, No. “gumpelvak”, denoting a shoal of fish gamboling on the surface of the water. — Diff. from gumpelfik is a) gumpelfisti [go‘m·pəlfis·ti]; -fiski [-fis·ki] (Y^h.); gombfisti [gȯm·fis·ti] (Y^b.), jokingly or derisively of some illness or other, made too much fuss about, esp. a cold; b) gumpelfit [go‘m··pəlfɩt·], testiness; malicious peevishness (Y. occas.; Fe.).

gumset [go‘msət], adj., big and clumsy; repulsive; having coarse, ugly features, g. and “g.-faced”; a g. fellow. Wh. From Lunn. is reported gjumset [gjo‘msət] and gjumsi [gjo‘msi] in the sense first given. — Cf. No. gumsa, f., a ewe; a corpulent, fleshy woman, and Sw. gumse, m., a ram.

gum-stick, sb., see gum¹, sb.

gupen, gupm, sb., see gopn, gopen.

gurl [gorl, gorəl], vb., to root in dirt (Wh.), see gorl, vb.

gusl, gusel [gusəl (gosəl), gūsəl], sb., a strong, drying wind or squall of wind; draught, a g. o’ wind. N.I. gusəl (gosəl): Y. and Fe. gusəl, gūsəl: U. Also gosl, gosel [gȯsəl] and gozl, gozel [gȯzəl]: S.Sh. (Du.); Wests. (Sa.). Deriv. of *gus (*gos)-. No. gusa, vb., to blow gently, gus, m., current, and gos, n., a current of air. For the l deriv. cf. No. gusul, m., a babbler. — Other derivatives from this root are gosen and guster; q.v.

gusl, gusel [gusəl (gosəl), gūsəl], vb., to blow gently, esp. of drying wind; he gusels (he is guslin), a) it is blowing, blowing gently; b) it is beginning to blow. N.I. gusəl (gosəl): Y. and Fe. gusəl, gūsəl: U. Also gosl, gosel [gȯsəl] and gozl, gozel [gȯzəl]: S.Sh. and Wests. (Sa.). The expr. “guseld [gusəld] fish” is used in Uⁿ. of wind-dried fish, = the more common gosen(d) fish; see gosen, adj. — *gusla (*gosla); No. gusa, vb., to blow gently. See prec. gusl, gusel, sb.

guster [gustər, gostər] and gust [gost], sb., 1) guster, gust: strong, drying wind or squall of wind, a g. o’ wind (o’ wadder). gustər (gostər): N.I.; gostər: De^w. (M.Roe); otherwise more commonly: gust. 2) guster: a) blustering way of speaking; arrogant behaviour; he had a g. wi’ him, he behaved (spoke) arrogantly; he cam’ wi’ a g.; he cam’ ut wi’ a g., he began to speak in a swaggering way; b) fierce, threatening address; he ga’e [‘gave’] a g. at him. — O.N. gustr, m., a gust, blast. The preserved nominatival -r in guster and the vowel-sound “u (o)” show that the word is Shetl. Norn. With ref. to meaning 2 it may be remarked that No. guste, m., breath of wind, also (as is would seem) is found in sense of violence (Landstad; see Aa.). With different derivative ending No. gusul, m., a babbler. — Besides guster, a form gouster [gɔu‘stər, gåu‘stər] is also commonly found in Shetl., probably originating from L.Sc.; cf. L.Sc. gouster, sb., a wiolent, swaggering fellow, and gowst, vb., to boast. Certainly a form gausta, vb., is found in No. in sense of, a) to speak quickly and unintelligibly; b) to speak in a loud, threatening or scolding manner, but the diphthong “ou [ɔu, åu]” in the Shetl. word rather indicates a L.Scottish origin. O.N. “au (ǫu)” changes to ^a) ō, jō, ø̄; ^b) o, ɔ, ȯ, u, ø, in Shetl. Norn. There may be an infl. of L.Sc. in the few cases in which the diphthong “ou” is preserved in Shetl. Norn. See Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), § 21.

guster [gustər, gostər], vb., to speak in a blustering way, to boast; what’s du gusterin aboot? Also to speak (accost someone) fiercely in a threatening manner, to g. at somebody. Besides guster, a form gouster [gɔu‘stər, gåu‘stər] is also found in Shetl., which most prob. is L.Scottish; see the preceding word. — guster prob. arises from O.N. gusta, vb., to blow, or from a *gausta (gǫusta); cf. No. gausta, vb., to speak loudly in a threatening or scolding manner. See further under guster, sb.

gworm [gwȯrm], vb., to wind; twine (Sa.); see *hworm, vb.

*gø [gø̄], sb., an old-fashioned, two-stringed fiddle. O.N. gígja, f., a fiddle. See *gju.

*gøda [gøda, ꬶøda], sb., a road, path; now only in place-names. See further under goda, sb.

†gødasi [gød··asi·], sb., titbit, some good thing put by for a certain occasion; to keep onyting [‘something’] for a g. Y^h. Seems to be a modernism: Shetl. gød [gød], adj., good (L.Sc. gud, gude) with the suffixed ending -asi. The word might, however, poss. have sprung from O.N. gœðska, gœzka, f., goodness; cf. the use of the Fær. gøðska, f., No. godskor, f. pl., of something good, anything with which to regale oneself, dainty food.

gødek, sb., see godek, sb.

gødin [gødin (gⁱødin, ꬶødin)], sb., manure, cattle-dung. comm. From U^wg. is reported a form gøding [gⁱødɩŋ] (L.Sc. guiding) with preserved final g. An old *gœðing, f., in sense of manure. No. gjøding, Fær. gøðing, f., fattening. The common word in Norn (No., Icel., Fær.) for manure: O.N. tað, n. pl.: tǫð, is found again in Shetl. as the first part in the compd. to(u)dilep, toþelep, tøþelep, todelek, tudelek, transport-basket for manure, etc.; see tudelep. — gødin-fork [gødin-fɔ‘rk, -få‘rk], sb., dung-fork.

gødi-oil, sb., see gøti-oil.

gødlarigg, gødlisrigg, sb., see getlarig, sb.

gøk [(gø̄k) ꬶø̄^ək], sb., a snowman, a snawie [‘snowy’] g. U. (Uⁿ.). Is doubtless O.N. gaukr, m., a) a cuckoo; b) a fool, a simpleton. See goieg, goiek and gok, sbs.

gøl [gⁱø̄l, ꬶø̄0l, ꬶø̄^əl], sb., 1) wind, a faint breeze; he is no [‘not’] muckle wind at sea, just a g. upo de land, there is not much wind out at sea (out on the open sea), only a breeze towards the land. Fe. a sea-gøl [ꬶø̄l] (Conn.), strong wind or storm at sea (and calm on land). 2) swell in the sea before or after a storm, = gol¹ 2 and gola 3; a gøl i’ de sea. Conn. — No. gaul, m., a) a gust of wind; b) a faint breeze; gentle, steady wind; O.N. gaul, n., howling. See gol¹ and gola, sbs.

gøl [gⁱø̄l, ꬶø̄l, ꬶø̄^əl], vb., to blow; howl, of wind; de wind is gølin i’ de door. Fe. O.N. gaula, vb., to howl; No. gaula, vb., id., but also = gula, vb., to blow gently.

gølti, sb., see galti and golti.

gøltirigg, sb., see getlarigg.

gør [gø̄r, ꬶø̄r], sb., 1) an unusually tall woman (giantess); a tall, masculine woman. U. 2) a big snowman, a snawie g. U. The final r is the old nom. sign. O.N. gýgr, f. (gen. gýgjar), a giantess, witch. Cf. gäikerl, sb. Ork. “gyre” denotes, acc. to Dennison, a powerful, malignant spirit. — As a place-name Shetl. Gør is frequently found, occas. without the final r: Gø. It appears: a) as a name of detached rocks, e.g. de Gør [gø̄r, ꬶø̄r] (Mossbank, De.); de Gør [ꬶø̄^er] (Viggi, U^wg.); de Gørn [ꬶø̄rn] (F.I.): *gýgrin (def. form); de stakk o’ Gørasten [gør··asten·] (Feⁿ.): *gýgjarsteinn. de Longegø [lɔŋ··gəꬶø̄·]: *langa gýgr, and “de Bellagø [bəᶅ··aꬶø̄·]”: *ballar-gýgr (from bǫllr, m., a globe, lump), also called “de Rundgøens [ron(d)··ꬶø̄əns] — skerries near Fella (an islet near Whalsay); de Gøstens [ꬶø̄stens] (Ti.): *gýgjar-steinar, pl. b) as the first part in names of hills (hills inhabited by trolls): de Gørhul [gø̄rwəl (-wȯl), gør··əwȯl·], α) in West Burra Isle; β) between Clousta and Aid, north of the lake “de Loch o’ Vara [vāra]”; Ai. [gø̄rwəl, gø̄^ərwəl (-wȯl)]: *gýgjar-hóll. The latter hill, from which, acc. to tradition, was often heard the sound of a violin playing, is now also called “de trowie knowe”; here, gør has been translated as “trow” (L.Sc. form of Eng. troll). c) “de Gørs [gø̄^ərs, ꬶø̄^ərs] Kirn” or “de Gjurs [gjū^ərs] Kirn” (Br.): a ravine into which the sea-water flows, and where the breakers often roar loudly.

gørd, sb., see gjord, sb.

gørd, vb., see gird, vb.

gørdastøri [gør··dastø̄·ri], sb., a thick rope around the mouth of a straw-rope net (mesi or *skalv). Also gørdastori [gȯr··dastø̄·ri]. U. *gyrði-staurr, “girding stave or band"; cf. O.N. gyrði, n., a hoop put round a vat to hold the staves together, and No. gyrde, n., in compds. such as “gyrdetog”, n., a rope to tie round a load. For the second part støri see further under that word. omgordin-støri is another old name for gørdastøri; see omgordin, sb.

gørdin, sb., see girdin, sb.

†gøserin (gjøserin) [gø̄^ə··sərɩn·, ꬶø̄··sərɩn·, gjø̄··sərɩn·], sb., the gizzard; de g. o’ a hen. N.I. From kjós-? (O.N. kjóss, m., a deep or hollow place, Fær. kjós, f., the gizzard). Most prob. a dialect transformation of Eng. gizzard (dial. gizzern), sb. But kjós > køs > gøs is a regular development of sound in Shetl. Norn.

gøsinfjog [ꬶøs··ɩnfjɔg·], sb., only noted down in the phrase “to speak wi’ de tongue o’ g.”, to tattle, to talk nonsense. Ai. (Onjefirt’). The first part of the compd. is prob. No. gysja, O.N. (Icel.) gussa, vb., to gossip. The second part is uncertain: folk?

gøt [(gøt) ꬶøt], vb., 1) to digest with difficulty; to eat food that causes a feeling of nausea (esp. fish-livers or food prepared from livers); to g. awa [‘away’] at onyting [‘something’], to try to swallow something that makes the gorge rise (something nauseating). Wh. 2) to cause nausea (of fish-livers, food prepared from fish-livers); hit [‘it’] is gøtin upo me; de livers is gøtin. Wh. [ꬶøt]. 3) of fish-livers: to become liquid, to deposit oil which collects on the top of the livers. In the N.I. with initial k: kød, kødi (kjød, kjødi). U. [kød, ᶄød, kjød; kødi, ᶄødi, kjødi]; Fe. [kød]; Yⁿ. [ᶄø̄^əd]; de livers is kødin, kødiin. These forms from the N.I. are only noted down in sense 3. Comm. in perf. part. gøtet [(gøtət) ꬶøtət]: a) partly liquefied, of raw fish-livers on the top of which the separated oil has collected; de livers is [‘are’] gøtet; b) of food: partly digested (Wh.). In sense 1, gøt partly assimilates to Da. dial. (Jut.) kyvte (kyöute: Molbech; kywt: Fejlberg), vb., to manage, esp. of food and drink. In senses 2 and 3, gøt is poss. No. kyta (*kjota?), vb., to push forward; to come up to the surface (Sw. dial. kytta, vb., to push quickly forward or up). It is doubtless, esp. in sense 3, also conceivable that here is an association with O.N. gjóta, vb., to spawn, but the forms with initial k occasion some difficulty. A change g > k, when initial, is rare in Shetl. Norn in comparison with the change k > g. See the foll. word.

gøti [gøti (ꬶøti)], gødi [gødi], sb., liver-oil collected on decayed fish-livers; sometimes with added “oil”; g.-oil. The form “gødi” is peculiar to Wests. In the N.I. the word is found with initial k: køti, kødi (kjødi), kodi (kjodi); U. [kⁱøti (ᶄøti), kødi, ᶄødi, kjødi, kⁱȯdi (ᶄȯdi)]; Fe. [køti, kødi, kⁱødi]. — The association with O.N. gjóta, vb., to spawn, in No. (gjota) also in sense of to come up (e.g. of mud: R.), is uncertain on account of the forms with initial k. See further under the preceding word.

gøtilben, sb., see getilben.

gøtlirigg, sb., see getlarigg.

gøtt, gøtti, sb., doorway; threshold, see further under gott, sb.

 

1. Original: from was amended to form: detail
2. Original: “gylden” was amended to gulyeon: detail
3. Original: become was amended to come: detail
4. Original: [‘handfull’] was amended to [‘handful’]: detail
5. Original: for the sake of was amended to to a trend to: detail