An Etymological Dictionary of the Norn Language in Shetland/I

by Jakob Jakobsen

I.

i, i’ [e, ə], prep., in, appears unstressed in conjunction with and after “in”, adv.: in i [ɩn e, ɩn ə], a) into (of motion); b) in (of being in a place), to geng in i de hus, in i de kirk, to go into the house, into the church; to be in i de hus (kirk), to be in the house (the church). O.N. inn í, into, and “inni í”, in. — For the rest, Shetl. “in i’”, prep., is often used indiscriminately with L.Sc. atill, corresponding to Eng. into. See further in, prep., and the applications of this word, originating from Norn.

ibit [i̇̄bɩt], sb., a bite, a small meal: a) a light meal in the morning, taken before the proper breakfast (Y^b.); b) a snack between breakfast and dinner (Yⁿ.); c) a light meal in the evening (Yⁿ.). — *í-bit, from O.N. í, prep., in, and O.N. bit, n., a biting, a bite. Cf. No. aabit, n., and aabite, m., a meal in the morning, breakfast; Icel. árbiti (Gísl.), id., with the first part of the compd. different.

idi [idi], sb., whirlpool, backward-running tide; also whirl on the surface of the water, eddy; I saw de i. o’ de hwal (the swirl caused by the whale as it plunged). Fo. — O.N. iða, f., whirlpool. — A form i [i̇̄] with dropped ð is found as a place-name in Nmⁿ. (Øja, Nm^n.-w.): “de stakk o’ de I”, a skerry around which a whirlpool seethes. For another form see edjek [edᶎək].

idint [i̇̄dent, i̇̄dənt], idient [i̇̄··dient·], adj., diligent; persevering; assiduous in work; i. wark [‘work’]; a i. warker [‘worker’]; a i. rooth, constant pulling (U.). (L.Sc. eident, ident). Also æident [æidənt, æidə‘nt] and äident [äidənt, äidə‘nt], the latter form with anglicised pronunciation [äi] of original long i. ident: Fo. idient: Uⁿ. Elsewhere more comm.: æident and (esp.) äident. — As adv. are found id(i)ent-ly, æident-ly, äident-ly, diligently; perseveringly; assiduously; to wark hard and idiently, to work hard and assiduously (Uⁿ.). — O.N. iðinn, adj., assiduous; steady; persevering, Fær. íðin [oijɩn].

i-draught [i··drāχt·, i̇̄draχt], sb., 1) one of the bands (straw-bands) making the woof, de waft (weft), in an open, plaited net-basket, mesi; sometimes in a more restricted sense: a (thick, double) band forming the edge round the mouth of a mesi (net-basket) or of a rivakessi (coarser straw-basket). Applied to the edge of a “rivakessi”, noted down in Unst; elsewhere more comm. of the edge of a “mesi”. 2) a) inclination, (favourable) mood; fondness; to ha’e [‘have’] a guid [‘good’] or no guid i-d. till ane; b) aim; purpose. In sense 2 otherwise more comm.: “in-draught (en-draught)” and “in-draw, en-draw”; q.v. — “i-draught” from an original *í-drag, n., or *ídráttr, m., “a drawing into”. No. idrag, n., denotes anticipation, a vague promise, and comes near to the Shetl. word in sense 2 a.

ifarek [i̇̄·fā·rək], sb., sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for shoe; esp. in pl.: de ifareks, the shoes. Yⁿ. *ífar, n., that which one puts on, a garment; O.N. fara í, vb., to put on (clothes). Cf. Fær. íferð [oife^ər], f., the mouth of the shoe (Svabo), and Sw. dial. ifarakläder, n. pl., everyday clothes.

ifetlek [i̇̄·fət·lək], sb., sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for mouse. Yⁿ. fetlek is a parallel form to fotlin, fotlek, etc., a mouse, prop. a small foot, light foot (see fotlin, sb.). i- is most probably intensive here, as also in the foll. ifudien (cat), denoting the exceedingly light and quick movements of the animal; thus: the extremely light-footed one, or something to that effect. It may then be O.N. ið-, in words such as: iðgnógr, adj., abundant; plenty (gnógr), and iðgnótt, f., abundance (Eg.), iðglíki, n., the exact image (of a thing or person) (Eg.), ið(g)líkr, adj., exactly like. “ið”, n., is found in Icel. as an independent word, in sense of perpetual motion (E.J.).

ifudien [i̇̄·fū··diən·], sb., sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for cat. Esh., Nm^w. Intensive of fudin, fudien, cat (the swift-footed one; tabu-name); q.v. For the suggested explanation of the prefix i- as O.N. ið-, see above under ifetlek, sb.

igg [ɩg(g), eg(g)], vb., to incite, egg, see egg, vb.

*igitel [i̇̄·gɩt·əl], sb., white quartz (species of stone); now used only as a place-name: “de Igitel” (Yⁿ.), the name of some quartz rocks, a ravine (into which the sea-water flows), gjo, surrounded by such rocks. O.N. hégeitill, m., white or light-grey quartz. The word is preserved as a common noun in Shetl. in other forms; see hjigel, hjigelti, hjogel, sb.

*iglet, adj., see ilget, adj.

igrip [i̇̄grɩp], sb., on a carrying-basket (kessi): ear, loop, into which the carrying-band (de berinband, de fetel) is fixed. N. There is one igrip on each side of the basket; the band is fastened at both ends, and put over the shoulders across the breast; thus the basket is carried on the back. *í-grip, prop. “ingrip”, that into which something fits.

*ikke [ɩkə], adv., not, preserved in a small fragment of conversation, partly in Norn, from Norwick, Uⁿ.; see Introd. (Fragments of Norn). O.N. ekki, prop. nothing, = eigi, adv., not; No. ikkje, Da. ikke.

il, prob. eel [(il) ɩl], sb., a stripe along the back of a horse; a black il. Uⁿ., Y^m. Is doubtless, in spite of the short [ɩ]-sound, rather an anglicisation, “eel”, from O.N. áll, m., an eel, a narrow channel, also a stripe along the back of an animal, in the same way as O.Shetl. *ol, eel (name of the fish), has now become “eel [i̇̄l, ɩ̄l, il (ɩl)]”.

ila [i̇̄la], sb., properly a stone serving as an anchor for a boat, when fishing (with rod) near the shore, now commonly in a transferred sense of the fishing-place itself, where this kind of fishing is carried on; in exprs. such as: a) to lie at de i., to angle for small fish (esp. young coalfish, pilteks, with rod) from an anchored boat near the shore, corresponding to Fær. “liggja firi íla” (to fish with a rod, e.g. for small cod, from an anchored boat), and b) to geng to de i., to go out fishing (with rod) from an anchored boat. In the last expr., ila is often understood as denoting this kind of fishing. The stone used as an anchor is commonly called ilasten or ilafast. At “ila-fishing” it is, however, not often the custom now to anchor the boat. Edm. gives “eela, iela, a fishing-place or ground for small fish near the shore”; the anchoring of the boat is not mentioned. Here, accordingly, the central point of the original meaning of ila has been lost. — From Du. is reported a pl. form äils [äils], with anglicised pronunc. of the original long i; “to geng to de äils”. — O.N. íli, m., a stone with a rope, fastened to a boat and serving as an anchor.

ilafast [i̇̄··lafast·], sb., a stone, fastened to a rope, serving as an anchor for a boat at the so-called ila-fishing; see the preceding word. to lie at de ilafast (Du., Papa). fast appears originally to have denoted the rope rather than the stone (comm. called “de ilasten”); see fast and fasti, sb.

ilasod [i̇̄··lasōd·], sb., a fishing-ground (sod, prop. a seat) near the shore, where rod-fishing from an anchored boat is carried on. U. *ílasát. See ila, sb., and sod, sodi¹, sb.

ilasten [i̇̄··lasten·, -stɛn·], sb., a stone used as a boat-anchor at the so-called ila-fishing, see ila, sb. *íla-steinn. Fær. íla-steinur, m., id.

ilder¹ [ɩldər, ildər] and ilden, ildin [ɩldən, ildən, ɩldin], sb., sea-term, tabu-name, used by fishermen for fire. ilder: Ai^w. ilden, ildin: Fo. Also with prefixed h: hildin [hɩldin]: Fo. The expr. *killi-ildra [kɩli-ɩldra], of fire in a kiln, is reported from Fo. From W. (Dale, W.) and Sa^e. are reported ilder [ɩldər] and øldər [oldar] in sense of red-hot embers; de fire is brunt doon [‘burnt down’] to red ilder (ølder). From Y^b. “a ild [ɩld] o’ het [het]” is given as an obsolete expr. without further explanation; het = heat. — O.N. eldr, m., a fire. The above-mentioned Shetl. forms seem to presuppose an original *ildr. A form, *eld, q.v., is, however, also found. -er in ilder (ølder) is the old masc. nom. ending -r, which has been grafted on the root of the Shetl. word. ilden, (h)ildin is prop. the acc. def. form of the word; -en, -in: the definite article grafted on the word. *ildra prop. *ildrinn, eldrinn.

†*ilder² [ɩ̄ldər], sb., name of a partly mythical fish, believed by fishermen to be able to perforate a boat at sea. Y^e. See eder², sb. Etym. uncertain.

ilget [ɩlgət], adj., applied to sheep, wool on sheep: mottled with various coloured spots (black or grey), esp.: a) white and grey; b) white and black; c) grey and black; a i. sheep. Nm. Prob. from *iglet by metathesis of g and l. Cf. Fær. iglutur (iglóttur), adj., of sheep: mottled, having small spots, esp. of light (white) sheep, beginning to get darker spots and become dirty-grey (ímutur, ímóttur).

ilkamoga [ɩ‘l··kamog·a], sb., a jocular term, nickname for eel. Fo. moga is doubtless the same word as mogi, the stomach. ilka from Eng. eel?

ill [ɩl(l), əl(l); ʌl(l)], adj., wicked; bad; ill, corresponding both to Eng. and L.Sc. “ill” and to Eng. “bad”, and used in foll. meanings, handed down from Norn (O.N. illr): a) morally bad; b) hostile; inimical; c) fatal; harmful; d) painful; disagreeable; e) repulsive; causing disgust; f) troublesome; difficult; disagreeable; g) angry; hot-tempered (cf. e.g. compds., such as ill-birstet); h) trifling; of little value or use. — e.g.: de i. man, “the evil man” = the devil (U.); Fær. illi maður, L.Sc. ill man, the devil. a i. vik [vɩk], a bad tendency or inclination (Du.), a i. vam [vam, vām]: a) a repulsive impression, caused by a person’s manners and behaviour, “der’r a i. vam wi’ him (her)”, see ill-vamd, adj.; b) unpleasantly strong in taste, “der’r a i. vam wi’ it”. der’r a i. kast i’ de sea (Du.), there is a bad commotion, tide, in the sea (preventing the catching of fish). i. wadder, hard weather, esp. thunder-storm; der’r i. wadder gaun [‘going’], the thunder rolls (Fo.); see ill-wadder, sb. he is i. to dø [‘do’] till, he is hard to get on with or to please (U.). Proverbial phrase: hit is a i. wind, at blaws naebody guid, it is an ill wind that blows nobody good. Often in expletives, oaths, such as: ill doren! ill er (ill honour)! ill happ! ill stond (moment)! ill t’rift! ill vikster (vokster)! ill vister! see the respective substantives. — Two obsolete forms, *idla [ɩdla] (Fo.) and *jilder [jɩldər] (C.), are found in the expletive term *idla (h)jolsa! jilder hjolskin! [*ill heilsa] = ill healt’! see under *hjolsa, sb. — O.N. illr, íllr, adj., bad, ill, evil, wicked; hostile, unkind; harmful; unpleasant; difficult; trifling, of little value, etc.; in No. and Sw. (ill), Icel. and Fær. (illur), as well as L.Sc. (ill), also, inter alia, angry; hot-tempered. — Nowadays Shetl. ill is also used commonly in sense of sick, indisposed, through Eng. influence.

ill-berin [ɩl·bē^ə·rɩn], adj., unable to bear illness or fatigue; a i.-b. body. U. Prop. "that bears badly”.

ill-best [ɩl·bæst·], adj. (sup.), de i.-b.: a) the best of a bad race or family, and even then not particularly good; b) the best of a poor collection of things from which to choose. Fær. ill-bestur. Also L.Sc.

ill-birstet [ɩl·bə‘r·stət], ill-borstet [ɩl·bȯ‘r‘stət], adj., angry; cross; malicious. Also with dropped r in the second part of the compd.: ill-bistet [ɩl·bəs·tət (-bɩs·tət)], ill-bostet [ɩl·bȯs·tət], ill-bosten [ɩl·bȯs·tən]; the last form noted down only in Papa St. — *ill-byrstinn. Cf. a) No. bysten, adj., hasty (prop. bristly, that raises the bristles), No. busta and bysta seg, Sw. dial. borsta sig, borstas, reflexive verb, to raise the bristles, to become angry or cross; b) No. and Sw. dial. illbyste, n., a hot-tempered and cross being, malicious person or animal. See further under birst, adj.

ill-bist [ɩl·bɩst·], vb., to threaten to do harm; he ill-bisted (was ill-bistin) for him, he threatened to do him harm. Ai. See the preceding word.

ill-fen, -fain [ɩl·fē^ən·], vb., to show unkindness to someone, to repulse one by unfriendly demeanour; comm. as vb. a.: to i.-f. a body (person). Also as vb. n.: to look unfriendly, to have an unkind look. As an adj., properly perf. part.: ill-fenin, -fainin’ [il·fē^ə·nɩn], unkind; unpleasant, esp. applied to appearance, look^{[errata 1]}; he is awfu’ “ill-fenin”, he has a very unpleasant look. Conn. — *ill-(fagna). See fen, fain, vb.

ill-gi’in’ [ɩl·gi·ən, ɩl·ꬶɩ̄·ən, -ꬶɩ̄^ən·, -ꬶē^ən·], pres. part. and adj., continually grumbling and complaining, discontented; a i.-g. body. N.I. L.Sc. ill-gi’en, adj. The forms “-gɩ̄^ən” and “-ꬶē^ən” are noted down in Unst (Uⁿ.).

ill-ginket [ɩl·ꬶi‘ŋ·kət, -ꬶɩ‘ŋ·kət (-gi‘ŋ·kət)], adj., wicked by nature; deceitful; a i.-g. coo [‘cow’]. Yⁿ. See ginket, adj.

ill-glum [ɩl·glūm·, -glô^əm], vb., to have a suspicion; “he ill-glumd at so and so was ta’en [‘had taken’] it”, he had a suspicion that so and so had taken it. Uⁿ. See glum, vb.

ill-godet [ɩl·gō·dət, -gō^ə·dət], ill-gudet [ɩl·gū·dət], adj., in a bad temper, discontented and disobliging, sulky and malicious. Uⁿ. See godet, adj.

ill-gru [ɩl·grū·], vb., to suspect, to have a suspicion of something; I ill-grued [ɩl·grū·əd] at dat would be de case. Uⁿ. Cf. O.N. illgruna, vb., to suspect of evil (gruna, vb., to suppose, partly = illgruna), and Shetl. gronin, sb.

ill-hagerd [ɩl·hag·ərd, -hā·gərd, -ərt], adj., unattractive, clumsy and slatternly, having a bad deportment and gait (Nm., Ai., Fo.); having repulsive and awkward manners, esp. in consequence of bad treatment (Nmⁿ.); also mishandled, of a poor, sickly appearance owing to bad treatment (Nmⁿ.). With short a [hag·ərd, hag·ərt]: Nm^s., Fo. With long a [hā·gərd, hā·gərt]: Nmⁿ. (N.Roe). — For the second part of the compd. see hagerd, adj. ill-hagerd, in sense of ill-treated, might have arisen from an *illa hagreiddr; cf. Fær. hagreiða, vb., to treat, ilia hagreiddur, ill-treated, and Shetl. hagri², sb. Cf. ill-høgert, adj.

ill-haverd [ɩl·hā·vərd], ill-häiverd [ɩl·häi·vərd], ill-heverd [ɩl·hē·vərd], adj., 1) a) ill-grown; clumsily built; unattractive; ugly; ill-haverd: Fe., Y. occas., Nm. ill-häiverd: U. occas. (Uⁿ.), Wests., S.Sh. occas. (Conn.); b) clumsy and awkward in behaviour; having repulsive manners; ill-haverd and ill-heverd: Y. occas.; c) slatternly and untidy in appearance, repulsive; ill-haverd: Fe^w.; d) of poor, sickly appearance, neglected, esp. applied to an animal; a i.-h. baess [‘beast’, here esp. a cow], a i.-h. coo; ill-haverd: Nmⁿ. occas. (N.Roe); ill-häiverd: Nm^n.-w. (Øja), Y. occas. 2) a) of a piece of work: badly and carelessly executed; ill-häiverd: Sa.; b) of worsted: poor, loose and thin; “ill-häiverd” worsed [‘worsted’]: Sa. — Other forms are: a) ill-haverst [ɩl·hā·vərst] (Yⁿ.); b) ill-haverli [ɩl·hā··vərli·] (Fe.), both reported in sense 1 a. — For the second part of the compd. see haivers, sb.

ill-hjumset (-hjungset), adj., see ill-humset (-hungset), adj.

ill-hotted, -hoited [ɩl·hɔi·təd, -håi·təd], adj., ill-grown or deformed, clumsy; of bad carriage and awkward demeanour. N.I. *illa háttaðr. See *hotted, hoited, adj.

ill-humset [ɩl·ho‘m·sət], ill-hungset (-hunkset) [ɩl·ho‘ŋ·sət, -ho‘ŋk·sət], adj., ill-shaped, having a bad deportment; a i.-h. bein’ (craeter’). ill-humset and -hungset: U. ill-hunkset: Sa. (and Yⁿ.). ill-hjumset [-hjo‘msət]: Uⁿ. occas. ill-hjunkset [-hjo‘ŋksət]: Yⁿ. — See further humset¹, adj. — ill-kjumset has a different origin; see kjumset, adj.

ill-høgert [ɩl·hø̄·gərt, -hø̄·gərd] and ill-høgeret [ɩl·hø̄··gərət·], adj., 1) having a bad deportment, slouching. 2) cunning; sly; a i.-h body. Wests. (Sa.). For the second part of the compd. see høgert, adj.

ill-kint [ɩl·ᶄe‘nt·], adj., wicked by nature; of ill repute. Barclay: ill-kent, adj., of notoriously bad character. No. illkyndt, adj., of a bad disposition; hot-tempered; cross (Aa.); Icel. illa kyntr, adj., of ill repute (B.H.). No. kynd, f., kind, and kynde, n., nature.

illlek [ɩllək, əllək], adj., of an ugly, sickly appearance, esp. having an unhealthy complexion. Y^h. O.N. illiligr, adj., frightful; abominable; Icel. illilegur, adj., evil and ugly of appearance (“cruel-looking”: B.H.).

ill-lukket [ɩl·lok·ət], adj., unfortunate. N.I. See lukk, sb., fortune; good luck, and lukket, adj.

ill-menget, -minget [ɩl·meŋ·gət], adj., applied to wool: not well mixed (Da. mænget, mingled), esp. of wool of various shades. Conn. See further under menget, adj.

ill-minnet or -minjet [ɩl·m^eɩᶇ·ət, -m^æɩᶇ·ət, -mäᶇ·ət], ill-minget [ɩl·mɩŋ·gət] and ill-mondet [ɩl·mȯᶇ·dət], adj., evil-natured; malicious; rancorous. N.I. ill-minnet: Fe. ill-minget: Y^h. ill-mondet: Y., Fe. and U. (occas.). — Hardly from Eng. “ill-minded”. With a) minnet, minjet, and b) mondet, cf. respectively No. mynja, f., disposition; kind, esp. appl. to impression made on the mind, and No. mynd, f., quality; kind; nature (O.N. mynd, f., form; shape; kind; mode). See also mond, sb., and the various applications of that word (corresponding both to O.N. mund, n., moment, nick of time, and to “mynd”, mentioned above). With regard to minnet, minjet, however, there might possibly also be an association with O.N. minni, n., memory, and minjar, f. pl., memorial; with minget may poss. be compared No. myngja (mynja?), vb., in the sense of to brood over something.

ill-raget [ɩl·rā·gət], adj., ill-used; bullied; a i.-r. body. Uⁿ. See rag², vb. (to drive; pursue; bully, from O.N. reka).

ill-setten [ɩl·sɛt·ən, -sæt·ən], adj., clumsy and ungraceful, awkward in movements; a i.-s. body (craeter’). Ai. Cf. Icel. “illa·settur”, adj., in a bad state. Differs in meaning from L.Sc. ill-set, adj., evil-disposed; ill-natured.

ill-sjosket [ɩl·ᶊȯs·kət], ill-sjøsket [ɩl·ᶊøs·kət], adj., very slovenly, untidy (in one’s appearance). U. Intensive of sjoskie, sjusket, adjs.; q.v.

ill-sk(j)umet [ɩl·sᶄū·mət, -skjū·mət], adj., of an unpleasant, gloomy appearance; see skumet (skjomet), adjs.

ill-sluget [ɩl·sᶅū·gət], adj., heavy and clumsy in shape, ungraceful (Ai.); having a bad carriage and a dragging, clumsy gait (Sa.). *ill-slœkinn? The word may most prob. be associated with No. sloka, vb., to walk heavily and draggingly, and Icel. slókr, m., a dull, indolent person, slækinn (*slœkinn), adj., dull; lazy. The word might also be derived from a *slóð-, as original ð often changes to g in Shetl. Norn; cf. No. sloda (slooda), vb., to walk draggingly (O.N. slóði, m., that which one drags behind one). — slud, in ill-slud [ɩl·slūd·], adj., badly and clumsily shaped (N.Roe), may be a perf. part. of Eng. slew, slue, vb.

ill-sneget [ɩl·snē·gət], adj., cunning and malicious. S.Sh. *ill-snækinn? See ill-snuget, -snuket, adj.

ill-sneldet [ɩl·snē^əl·dət], adj., malicious; cross; disobliging, etc.; in the phrase: de fish is i.-s., the fish will not bite (fishermen’s lang.). Sa. Prob.: *ill-snældóttr. *snældóttr, sneldet, by i-mutation from O.N. snáldr, m., No. snaald, m., snout; mouth. See snold, sb.

ill-snitteret [ɩl··snɩt··ərət·], adj., malicious and obstinate by nature, wilful and quarrelsome. Easts. The second part of the compd. is prob. to be classed with O.N. snerta, vb., to touch. See snitter¹, sb., a cold snap, a s. o’ cauld, and its derivative, snitteret, snitret¹, adj.

ill-snolket [ɩl·snȯ‘ᶅ·kət, -sᶇȯ‘ᶅ·kət], adj., cross; peevish; sulky; displeased. Conn. Prob.: *ill-snurkinn or -snorkinn. See snolket, adj.

ill-snuget or -snjuget [ɩl·sᶇug·ət, -sᶇôg·ət (short ô), -snjug·ət], ill-snuket or -snjuket [ɩl·sᶇuk·ət, -sᶇôk·ət (short ô), -snjuk·ət], adj., 1) having repulsive manners, disagreeable (in behaviour), crafty, wanting in frankness; a i.-s. body. Y^h.: ill-sn(j)uget. Fe.: ill-sn(j)uget and -sn(j)uket. 2) cross, disobliging (by nature). Nmⁿ. (N.Roe): ill-sn(j)uket. — The second part of the compd. is rather to be referred, partly to No. snugg and snygg, m., suspicion of something; touch; kind; ' aptitude, snøkk, m., touch (O.N. snugga, vb., to hunger for, prop. to pry, to snuff around), and partly to No. snok, m., a) a snout; b) a prying person; c) a suspicion of something (= snak, snugg), No. and Sw. dial. snoka, vb., to snuff around, Da. dial. snøkke, vb.; No. snaaken and snæken, snæk, adj., a) obtrusive; prying; b) harsh; sharp; biting. Fær. ill-snækin [ɩ‘l··snæa·tᶊɩn], adj., cross; angry; sharp-tongued, is prob. derived from *snák-. The Shetl. ill-sneget [ɩl·snē·gət], adj., sly and malicious (S.Sh.), may prob. be an original *ill-snækinn, and, in that case, either the same word as, or closely cognate with, ill-sn(j)uget, -sn(j)uket. — The phonology of Shetl. Norn permits two other possible etymologies, viz.: a) sn(j)uget, sn(j)uket from O.N. sníkja, vb., to snuff around, beg for food, and b) sneget from O.N. sneiða, vb., to cut off; to walk zig-zag (Fær. sneiða, vb., to turn, cut, or shape aslant); original ð in Shetl. Norn, in several cases changes to g (see Introd. V — also N.Spr. VII — § 29, the end); in Sw. dial. “ill-snediger”, adj., is found in sense of cunning and evil.

ill-snøsket [ɩl·snøs·kət], adj., cross; peevish; dissatisfied (Sa.); see snøsket, adj.

†ill-ti’-pass [ɩl·təpas·, -pas(s)··], adj., out of sorts; indisposed; unwell. Y. Danicism: “ilde til pas”.

ill-trive [ɩl·träiv·], vb., to thrive ill; a ill-trivin’ craeter’, a miserable animal. ill-triven [ɩl·trɩv·ən, -trəv·ən], adj., ill-thriven; miserable. — No. illtrivast, vb., to thrive ill.

ill-wadder [ɩl·wäd·ər], sb., bad weather. O.N. (*illveðr and) ill-viðri, No. illveder, Fær. illveður, n.

ill-vamd [ɩl·vāmd·], adj., disagreeable (in appearance or in manner), repulsive. U., Du. See vam, sb., influence emanating from a person, “aura" of a person.

ill-wan [ɩl··wan·, ɩlwan], sb., a slight hope of something; esp. in pl.: ill-wans: to ha’e “ill-wans” o’ (aboot) a ting. Somewhat deviating in sense from “ill wan(s)”, in which both parts of the compd. are independent words, denoting: only a slight hope of something. See wan², sb.

ill-vandet [ɩl·van·dət, -vaⁱn·dət, -väᶇ·dət], adj., 1) badly or carelessly carried out, applied to work. 2) misshapen. 3) having unattractive manners; with bad, awkward behaviour. — Also occas. ill-vjandet [ɩl·vjan·dət]. — Cf. Icel. illa vandaður, adj., carelessly carried out, applied to work; see vand, sb. and vb., vandet, adj.

ill-viket, -vikket [ɩl·vɩk·ət (-vek·ət, -vʌk·ət)], adj., 1) malicious; making (or inclined for) mischief; tricky; a i.-v. body. 2) intractable; troublesome; chiefly appl. to persons, but sometimes also to objects; “de boat was i.-v. to row”, appl. to a boat, troublesome to row; “de road is i.-v.” (Fe.). — The pronunciation “(ʌl-)vʌkət” is reported from U^{m., n.} — The second part of the compd. is a derivative of vik², vikk, sb., direction; turning; inclination; q.v.

ill-will [ɩl·wɩl·, -wəl·], sb., ill-will; rancour; to ha’e i.-w. at ane. O.N. illvili, m., ill-will; hostile feeling.

†ill-willet [ɩl·wɩl·ət, -wəl·ət (-wȯl‘ət, -wȯl·əd)], adj., ill-natured; bearing ill-will. O.N. illviljaðr, adj., L.Sc. ill-willit, adj., ill-natured.

ill-virken [ɩl·və‘r·kən], adj., wretched; sickly-looking. Y. Perhaps in a passive sense, hurt; bewitched? Otherwise No. illvyrken (illvirk, ill-orken), adj., idle and careless, carrying out work badly. Possibly, however, from original *illa vorðinn, considering the development rð > rd > rt and the occas. interchange between rt and rk in Shetl. Norn. — No. ilia vor(d)en, adj. (prop. perf. part.), poor; slight; bad; Fær. illa vorðin, adj., ugly; repulsive; Sw. dial. illa vuren, illvuren, adj., unserviceable; poor-looking.

ill-virket [ɩl·vɩ‘r·kət, -və‘r·kət], adj., malicious; bent on mischief; tricky; a i.-v. body; partly = ill-vik(k)et 1. a ill-virket craeter’ [‘creature’] or body (De.). a ill-virket coo, a cow in the habit of attacking other cows. (N.Roe). — From O.N. illverk, ill-virki, n., an evil deed, a crime.

ill-visket [ɩl·vɩs·kət (ɩl·vis·kət)], adj., evil-minded; ill-tempered; very irritable. Yⁿ. No. illvisen and ill-viskjen, adj., evil-minded; ill-tempered; angrily and crossly repellent (R.).

ill-vistet [ɩl·vəs·tət], adj., enraged; angry; ill-humoured. U^mo. Cf. No. illvisten, adj., peevish; biting, and illvistug, adj., mischievous; malicious. The word might, however, be regarded as an alteration of ill-bistet; see ill-birstet, adj.

ill-vitret, -vitteret [ɩl·vet··ərət·], adj. malicious; ill-natured; always inclined for mischief. Nmⁿ. (N.Roe). a i.-v. coo = a ill-virket coo. Cf. Icel. illviti, m., an evil-minded person (E.J.), vita á ilt, bent on mischief. For the form vitret cf. O.N. vitr, adj., with radical r, wise, and vitra, f., sense, insight, = vitska, vizka.

ill-voksen [ɩl·vɔk·sən (-våk·sən), -vok·sən], adj., ill-shaped; clumsy of shape. Conn. *illa vaxinn, ill-shaped. See voksen, adj., and vokster, vukster, sb.

ilmet [i̇̄lmət, ɩ̄lmət, ilmət, ɩlmət], adj., applied to animals (cows, sheep): somewhat dark in colour, esp. a) striped, having variegated stripes (Conn.: i̇̄lmət); b) having a reddish-brown back, a i. coo (Nm^n.-w.: ɩ̄lmət). From Ai. is reported “ilmət”, appl. to colour of sheep, but without further definition of meaning; in Conn. and Nm. mostly appl. to cows. — For *imlet by metathesis of l; cf. O.N. (Icel.) ímleitr, adj., greyish, dark of appearance (from O.N. ím, n., dust), No. imutt, adj., striped. — See further imet and imsket, adjs.

ilset [ɩ‘lsət], adj., of an animal, esp. sheep: having a stripe of another colour round the neck; dark-coloured (black) with a white ring round the neck; a i. sheep. Uⁿ. Stands for an older *helset from *helsóttr, adj., supplied with a necklace, collar; cf. Fær. hölsutur, adj., of sheep: having a stripe of another colour round the neck, and see bjelset, adj. (*bi-helset).

ilska¹ [ɩ‘lska, i‘lska (i‘lᶊka, ^eilᶊka), ɩ‘lᶊka, ^eɩ‘lᶊka, ^eɩᶅᶊka], sb., 1) malice; bad disposition; hatred; enmity; he did it ut t’rough ill, ut t’rough evil i., he did it out of mischief or hatred (Uⁿ.). N.I. (U.). 2) anger; bad temper; defiance; partly simulated cheerfulness, hiding a bad humour (see the foll. ilska); de(r) wer (there was) a i. upon him; i.-laughter, laughter produced by an irritated frame of mind. N.I. 3) a severe or painful illness; “to cry a i.-cry”, of very sick or dying animals: to emit a cry of pain, a death-cry. Uⁿ. 4) damage; misfortune; in this sense only noted down in the exclamation “evil i.!” expressing a wish that evil may overtake one (a plague upon you, him, etc.); also merely a strong outburst of anger (for shame! Oh! the devil!). U. 5) a) weeds (grass) among the corn on the field; b) thin, empty corn, fin i.; c) new corn among the old, sprouting higher than that which has been laid by the rain or damp; green corn growing among the ripe corn, green i. — The form “^eɩᶅᶊka” is reported from Conn. in sense 5 b. “i‘lᶊka, ^eilᶊka” from Sa^e. and Ai^w.; elsewhere most comm. “ɩ‘lska, ɩ‘lᶊka” (ɩ‘lska, ɩ‘lᶊka, i‘lska and i‘lᶊka: Uⁿ.). — Other forms are: a) ilsku, ilsko [i‘lskô (i‘lsku), ^ei‘lᶊkô, ^eilᶊkô], reported from Lunn. in sense 5 c: “green i.”; b) ilsksæ [ɩl·skǣ·], ilske [ɩl‘skē·], reported from Fe. in sense of malice; defiance: “he did it t’rough i.” (in sheer defiance); c) ilsker [ɩ‘lskər] (Uⁿ. beside ilska), in sense 1: “he did it t’rough i. against me”; d) äilska [ä‘ᶅᶊka] (N.I. occas. beside ilska), in sense 5 (esp. 5 c). — O.N. illska, f., a) ill-will; malice; b) enmity; hatred; c) mischief; misfortune; in Fær. and No. the word is also used in sense of indisposition, illness, and of exasperation, anger. — The form ilsku, ilsko, springs from the acc. (gen., dat.) form “illsku” from “illska”. ilskæ, ilske, with equally stressed stem and ending, has been regarded as two words (ill skæ or ske), but is actually the word “illska”. Several examples of such stressing are given in Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), § 41: Stress. Cf. ilskod under ilsket, adj., as well as e.g. bjintar (under binder, sb.), grinsku, greensku (under grønska, sb.), horro and hurro, sb., klovandi (under klovi, klova, sb.), stongari, sb., and wostu, sb.

ilska² [ɩ‘lska], sb., flippancy; exuberant mirth; “he had a i. upon him” or “de(r) wer (there was) a i. on (upon) him”, he was very flippant or exuberant. U. *ǫlska? œrska? Prob. the same word as helska, sb.; q.v.

ilsket [ɩ‘lskət, i‘lskət, ɩ‘lᶊkət, i‘lᶊkət, ^eilᶊkət], adj., 1) a) malicious; ill-humoured; irritable; b) feigning gaiety, hiding bad humour or discontent. i. fun: a) malicious fun; b) fun with which ill nature is combined. N.I. Reported from Uⁿ. and Yⁿ. in all the above-mentioned forms of pronunciation. 2) of corn (growing in the field): unripe at harvest time, occas. of green corn among the ripe; i. corn; a piece o’ i. green (Ai. occas., Ai^w. and Sa^e.: i‘lᶊkət, ^eilᶊkət). — Other forms are: a) elsket [æ‘lskət, æ‘lᶊkət], N.Roe in sense 1; b) äilsket [ä‘ᶅᶊkət], N.I. occas. in senses 1 and 2; from Nm^{n. and w}. only in sense 1; c) ilskod [il·skȯd· (i̇̄l·skȯd·)], reported from Y^h. in sense 2, and used as a substantive: new, green corn growing among the ripe, in the field. — Prob.: *illskóttr, malicious; hostile; see ilska¹, sb. The form ilskod seems to have arisen from a form in the neuter: “illskótt”; with regard to the stress, see the concluding remarks under ilska¹, sb. No. illsken (ilskjen), adj., cross; angry (O.N. illr, íllr, adj., evil; hostile, etc.).

ilskod [il·skȯd· (i̇̄l·skȯd·)], sb., see the preceding word.

ilta [ɩ‘lta, e‘lta, ʌ‘lta], sb., 1) spite; enmity; (great) ill-will; to ha’e i. (a i.) at somebody; to tak’ i. (to take a dislike) at or to a person. 2) malice; done t’rough i.; fu’ [‘full’] o’ i. U., Conn., Wests. The form “ʌ‘lta” is reported from Uⁿ. Sometimes with prefixed h; hilta [hɩ‘lta] and ilta [ɩ‘lta, e‘lta]: Fo. — Acc. to Edm. ilta is found also in sense of anger (U.?). — Prob. the neut. form “illt” of O.N. illr, adj., bad; evil; hostile; unkind; harmful, etc., this form in Shetl. Norn then changing to a substantive, when the adjectives had lost their inflexion of gender. For the supporting final vowel, see e.g. doma, jema, lama (= lem), skalv², skalve, stomna, sbs. — ilta-fu’, full of mischief, desirous to do damage or harm; also ilte-fu’ [ɩ‘l··təfu·, e‘l··tə-] (U^wg.), Occas. as a substantive, = ilta, e.g.: to tak’ i.-f. to a person (Sa.) = to tak’ i. (spite); “he did it ut o’ iltevu [^æɩᶅ··tɩvu·]” (U^wg.), he did it out of sheer spite; iltevu doubtless for “ilte-fu’.”

ilta-fa’? [ɩ‘l··tafā·, e‘l··ta- (ɩ‘ᶅta-, e‘ᶅ··ta-)], sb., in the phrase “to tak’ i.-f. at or to ony ane [‘any one’], at or to a person”, to take a dislike to one; see the preceding word.

im [i̇̄m, ɩm], sb., soot, a layer of soot, esp. on the under side of a pot. Now much more common in the form äim [äim], in which the original long i has changed to äi through infl. of Eng. — O.N. ím, n., dust, a coat of dust; dirt; Fær. ím [oim, ȯim], n., soot (on pots). See imet, adj.

im [i̇̄m (ɩ̄m)], vb., to swarm; teem; swarm with small, crawling things; de ebb (the foreshore) is imin wi’ whelks (shell-fish). Y^b. Doubtless the same word as No. ima, vb., (to reek, steam) to gleam; ripple; move; smoulder; to make a thin sheet of ice, etc. See em, vb.

imet [i̇̄mət, ɩ̄mət], adj., of colour, esp. appl. to cattle: having a dirty tinge, dirty-grey; ashen; yellowish-grey; reddish-grey, or grey with a reddish-brown tinge; also bluish; bluish-grey; a i. colour; a i. coo [‘cow’]. *ímóttr. No. imutt, adj., of animals: having dark-greyish stripes. See im, sb., and cf. ilmet (for *imlet) and imsket, adjs.

imper [(e‘mpər) ə‘mpər], sb., a low sound, a cursory remark, murmur; esp. negatively: no [‘not’] a i., not a sound (disturbing remark), not a murmur. *impr or *ympr. See the foll. word as well as hwumper, sb.

imper [(e‘mpər) ə‘mpər], vb., to make a slight, cursory remark, to hint at something, to murmur; only used negatively, as in: du dares no [‘not’] i.; never i.! like the now more common “never leet!” (L.Sc. leit, leet, vb.). Also in sense of to venture, to attempt; “if du impers to say. . .”; “dey never could i. to geng to the haf (to deep-sea fishing) on sicc [‘such’] a bad day” (Ai.). — No. impra (ympre), vb., to touch upon, hint at; Icel. ympra, vb., to touch upon, mention. imper, in sense of to venture, to attempt, approaches O.N. impa, vb., to set in motion. — See hwumper, vb., which is another form of the same word.

imsket [ɩ‘mskət, e‘mskət], adj., of colour: having a dark, dirty tinge; mixed, and partly indeterminable, esp. dirty-grey, blackish or bluish. (Ai.). Deriv. of imet, adj., to which imsket essentially assimilates.

in [ɩn, en], prep., in, commonly abbreviated to “i’” [e, ɛ, ə] when preceding a consonant; the word is mostly used as in English, sometimes differing, however, in certain phrases, originating from Norn, thus by periphrasis for the genitive or the possessive pronoun: de een [‘eyes’] i’ de boy or lass, the boy’s or girl’s eyes; de een in him, his eyes, = Fær.: eyguni í honun. See i, i’, prep.

in-draught [ɩndrāχt, ɩndraχt (en-, ɛn-)] and in-draw [ɩndrā, endrā, ɛndrā (ændrā)], sb., 1) inclination, (favourable) mood, “favourable eye” on someone; to ha’e a guid [‘good’] i.-d. till (to) ane; he had no guid i.-d. to me, he did not look with favourable eyes on me, he had an old grudge against me. 2) aim; purpose. — See further under “i-draught” (i.-d. 2), sb.

inn [ɩn(n)], sb., a dwelling, haunt, = O.N. inni, n., and L.Sc. inn, sb.

inn, in [ɩn], adv., = O.N. inn and Eng. in. Note the foll. collocations, originating from Norn: a) in efter, inward, farther in, = O.N. inn eptir, No. inn etter; b) in tø [tø̄ = ‘to’], of wind: more in the direction of the land and northerly (Y^m., Fe.), prop. in an inward direction; de wind is gane [‘gone’] in tø; No. inn, adv., inter alia, in towards the land; c) op in under, hidden (Uⁿ.), see under, prep. and adv. — For the collocation “in i’”, see i., prep. — inn, in, is now also commonly used in sense of in; see below, *inne.

innapi, injapi, sb., see ennapi.

innari, sb., see innri, sb.

innbigget [ɩn·bɩg·ət], adj., 1) reserved. 2) obstinate, having an unshaken faith in oneself, sticking to one’s opinion. 3) selfish. 4) morose; cross. — Doubtless: “built up”, “closed in”, from bigg, vb., to build. It is doubtful whether innbigget has any association originally with No. innebugga (bugga), adj., well provided, powerful, though the meaning of the Shetl. word might partly be explained from a depreciatory use of the Norwegian word here quoted.

innbø [ɩnbø, ɩn·bø̄·, embø], sb., a welcome, hospitable reception; encouragement to visit one’s home; mostly negatively, e.g.: he would no [‘not’] get mukkel i. dere, he would not get any particularly kind welcome (no encouragement to come again). Uⁿ. — *innboð, n. No. innbod, n., an invitation. The vowel ø in -bo may be due to infl. of the verb; see the foll. word.

innbø [ɩn·bø̄·, ɩnbø], vb., to welcome, to give a hospitable reception; to i. de fremd (the guest). Uⁿ. *innbjóða, vb., to invite, Fær. innbjóða, No. innbjoda, Sw. innbjuda.

*inne[ɩᶇe, eᶇɛ], adv., in, = O.N. inni. Noted down in a fragment of conversation in Norn: Morjan, ara du i.?. . . . . . (Marion, are you in there?. . .). See Introd. inn, in [ɩn] is now used as in English.

innerli [ɩn··ərli·, ən··ərli·], adj., 1) rather far in, = No. innarleg, adj.; a i. place, a i. seat (fishin’-seat); see below innerli, adv. 2) affectionate; confidential; hearty; very friendly; a i. body (Fe.). Icel. innilegur, Da. inderlig, L.Sc. innerly, adj., = Shetl. innerli 2.

innerli [ɩn··ərli· (ən··ərli·)], adv., somewhat far in, somewhat near the land; to fish i., to fish closer to the land, opp. to “to fish uterli”. O.N. innarliga, adv., far inward; No. innarlega, adv., somewhat far in.

inn-fa’ [ɩn··fâ·], sb., shoreward-setting tide, opp. to “ut-fa’”. Conn. No. innfall, n., inter alia shoreward-setting tide.

innhaf [ɩnhāf], sb., deep-sea fishing-grounds somewhat near the land, opp. to uthaf, framhaf, “far haf”. See haf, sb.

innha(l)d [ɩnhad], sb., contents, = O.N. *innihald, Da. indhold.

inni, vb., applied to a ewe: to yean (Conn.); see enni, vb.

innkomen, innkomin [ɩn··kɔm·ən (-en), -ɩn], sb., occas. coming in, arrival, occas. the beginning, e.g. de i. o’ de tide, the beginning of the inflowing tide (Fo.), de i. o’ de new year, the beginning of the new year. O.N. innkoma and innkváma, f., a) a coming in, arrival; b) a beginning, e.g. innkváma mánaðar (the beginning of the month). L.Sc. incoming, sb., arrival; entrance.

innri, innari [(ɩᶇ··ari·) eᶇ··ari·], sb., diarrhœa, esp. in sheep. Fe., Uⁿ. Fær. innrið, f., diarrhœa in sheep. Icel. innriða, f., a kind of illness, internal cramp? (E.J.). For inn(a)ri are now comm. used the words “scour [skūr]”, after L.Sc., and “grass-sickness” (in sheep).

inn-shot, sb., see in-shot.

innsog [ɩnᶊȯg], sb., shoreward-setting tide, = landfell. Uⁿ. “inn-so(g) [ɩnᶊȯ]-tide”, noted down in Esh., Nm^w., in the same sense, is more prob. to be referred to innsog than to “inshot” (q.v.). — *innsog, n., sweep of the sea towards the shore; see under afsuk, sb. Cf. O.N. “sog” and “útsog”, n., the backwash of the breakers (Fr.).

inntak [ɩntak], sb., taking in; bringing home. inntakins [ɩn··tak·ins, -ɩns], pl., comm.: reducing the number of stitches in knitting, esp. in knitting stockings = L.Sc. intaks. — inntak, in sense of a piece of out-field taken in for cultivation, corresponds to L.Sc. intak, intack, as also to Sw. intaga, (dial.) intaka, O.Sw. intaka, f.

in-shot [ɩnᶊɔt, -ᶊåt], sb., tide setting in shorewards, = innsog, sb. Prob. an anglicised form of an old *innskot, n.; cf. the use of the word skod in af(a)skod, otterskod, appl. to the backwash of the breakers.

ir [i̇̄r], sb., a (piercing) cry, shriek; hear de irs o’ her! (Yⁿ.). See the foll. word.

ir [i̇̄r], vb., to cry, shriek, squeal, esp. appl. to swine. Syn. with O.N. íra, vb., to hint, to say?

irast [i̇̄·rast·], vb., to flay, scourge; chastise. Also used as an expletive: irast! Sa. rast may poss. be No. rasa, vb. a., to scratch the skin, = hudrasa (R.). For the final t in rast, might be compared, e.g. fust, vb. The first part of the compd., i-, may stand for *hi- from O.Eng. hýd, híd, f., hide (A.S. hýd, M.Eng. and Mod.Eng. hide), or may be the intensive prefix, mentioned under ifetlek, ifudien, sbs.

iraster [i̇̄·ras·tər], sb., a flayer, a scourge (metaph. of a person); a i. o’ de puir [‘poor’], a scourge to the poor. Sa. See the preceding word.

irek [irək, i̇̄rək], sb., see the foll. word.

irepi [i̇̄··rəpi·], irep [(irəp) i̇̄rəp], a) diminutive creature; b) a small, ill-thriven, stunted thing; a little (piri) i. o’ a thing (bairn). Du. Also irek [irək, i̇̄rək] (Du.). — ir-: prop. diminutive-particle; cf. No. “ør, er, ir-” in a) ørliten, erliten; b) ørande, irende, irande (irrande) liten, diminutive (irande: R., Suppl.). See urek¹, sb., syn. with irek, irepi, prob. arisen from another form of the same particle. The last part (pi) in irepi, irep, may be an abbreviation of pig [pi̇̄g], sb., a small creature or thing, a small cabbage-stalk; cf. pi and pig in ennapi, ennepig, sb., a small creature, etc.

irp, vb., see erp.

is, iz [(i̇̄s) i̇̄z], vb., applied to sleet; cold rain: to fall; also to snow or rain slightly; to begin to snow or rain. “he is isin, izin” or “he is isin (izin) ut o’ him”, sleet is falling, it is snowing or raining slightly. Nm. (Nm^w.). Otherwise more comm. in the derived form isk [isk]; he is iskin (iskin ut o’ him); thus, e.g. in the N.I., Wh., etc. O.N. ísa, vb., to freeze over, ísing, f. (No. ising, m.), thin sheet of ice (cold rain). No. isa, vb., appl. to sleet: to fall. Shetl. is, iz, isk, used of fine, incipient rain, possibly also contains No. hysja, vb., to sprinkle; with regard to the form, cf. iset (isket), adj., which prob. may be referred to No. hysjutt, hyskjutt, adj. See istek, adj. and sb.

isbensi? ismonsi? [(ɩs··bɛnse·) ɩz··bɛnse·, (äis··mɔnsi·) äiz··mɔnsi·], sb., bitter, sleety weather. De. Formed from the preceding word. The explanation of -bensi or -monsi is uncertain.

isd, izd? [ɩzd? ezd?], sb., empty, lean, thinly-growing corn; reported in writing in the foll. collocation: a “ezde” o’ corn upo de eart’. Not further confirmed. — Is prob. (given the correctness of the word) an original *his-; cf. No. his, n., immature grains of corn, hisen, adj., of a field: dried up, withering, hisk, n., unsubstantial, by being dried up (R.).

iset [isət, i̇̄sət], adj., applied to colour in animals: bluish-grey, with spots of darker shade; iron-grey; dark-coloured with many light hairs in between, giving the dark colour a light tinge, esp. of colour that looks bluish in the distance; greyish and mottled in different shades, more definitely denoted by a prefixed adjective: blue-i., black-i. (Conn.), partly also “red-i.”; — having a reddish or bluish tinge (Y^s.); — with small spots (Sa.). a i. coo [‘cow’], horse or sheep. comm. Beside iset is found a form isket [iskət, ɩskət], reported from U., Y^s., Du. and Fo. U.: “ɩskət”, closely mottled, occas. black and white, occas. grey (or bluish) and dirty-red. Fo.: “iskət”, dirty-white with a yellowish or greyish-brown tinge. Y^s. and Du.: “iskət” = iset. — Prob. to be referred to No. hysjutt (hyskjutt), adj., mottled in different shades of the same colour, faded in patches (R.), hyskjutt (huskutt), adj., appl. to hair: greyish, grizzled (Aa.), Sw. dial. “hyskji”, hyskjutt, hiskjug, hyssjog, yssjug, “ysugar, öisugar” (Gothl.), adj., grizzled, shaded in two colours (Ri.). Cf. høset, øset, adj.

Isi [isi (i̇̄si)], sb., a cow of the colour described under iset; see the preceding word. Du. Older: *Isa. *Hysja?

isk [isk], vb., applied to sleet: to fall; to rain (in cold air), or to snow slightly, to begin to rain or snow; to isk and rain; he is iskin [iskɩn, iskən] ut o’ him; he is iskin de rain or snaw [‘snow’] (Fe.); he is iskin de snaw (ut) o’ him (Y^h.). Deriv. of is, vb., q.v. A form ist [ist] is reported doubtfully from Y. and Fe.

iska [iska], sb., in the expr. “i.-rain”, fine, cold rain. U. From Y. and Fe. is reported iskins [iskɩns], sb. pl., = iska. See is and isk, vbs.

isket [iskət, ɩskət], adj., appl. to animals: having different shades of colour, mottled, see further under iset, adj.

iskins [iskɩns], sb. pl., see iska, sb.

?ist [ist], vb., see isk, vb.

istek [i̇̄stək, istək], adj. and sb., 1) adj., appl. to weather: cold, rainy, i. wadder [‘weather’]; may in this instance also be regarded as a substantive and written with a hyphen: i.-wadder; in Unst esp. of cold, variable, showery weather; “der’r a i. track upon him”, the weather looks as if it would be cold and changeable with sleety showers (U.). a i. sky, a sleety atmosphere full of heavy, dark clouds(thunder-clouds), esp. in winter (U.); i. cloods [‘clouds’], i. homeks, heavy, dark, snow-laden clouds (U.); see homek, sb. II) as a sb.: 1) small, soft, cold rain; he is cornin’ ut i. (U^s.). 2) usually in pl., isteks: a) sleety clouds; b) sleety showers. Y^h. — U.: i̇̄stək and (comm.) istək. Y^h.: i̇̄stək. — Doubtless an adjective: *ísóttr. “istek wadder” for “*iset wadder” from original *ísótt veðr. The common suffix -ek was prob. added to *iset when the latter was changed to a substantive, and the weak-stressed e in *iset was consequently dropped (istek from *isetek: *i̇̄··sətək·). Cf. Sw. dial. issje, adj. neut., applied to weather: slightly cold, issje väder; “dä ä issje ute”, it is chilly outside (Ri.).

*itta [ita], dem. pron. in neut., this, that, only preserved in a fragment of conversation in Norn from Fo.: . . .kwat a ita?, what is this or that? Also: kwat e [ə] jada [jada, jāda]? — Cf. a) Fær. hetta, this, neut. sing. of hesin, this, developed from O.N. þessi, dem. pron., this, in neut.: þetta; b) Sw. dial. “itta (ittað)” (Dalarne) and ittä (Gothl.), this, sing. neut. of “issen (hissen, hessen)”, dem. pron., this.

iven, even [i̇̄vən], sb., matter; material; means (Uⁿ.), see *even, sb.

 

1. Original: look was amended to look: detail