Book of knowledge (1826)
CHEAP TRACTS, NO. 8.
Book of Knowledge;
CONTAINING
GARDENERS' CALENDAR
OF WORK TO BE DONE IN EACH MONTH.
⟨ECONOMICAL⟩ RECEIPTS
AND
⟨USEFUL⟩ INFORMATION
ON VARIOUS SUBJECTS.
Knowledge is Power.
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DUNFERMLINE:
⟨PRINTED⟩ AND SOLD BY JOHN MILLER.
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1826.
Book of ⟨Knowledge⟩
GARDNERS' CALENDAR.
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JANUARY
In mild weather, sow early pease and ⟨beans⟩, likewise radishes, cresses, and lettuces ⟨in⟩ warm sheltered situations. Sow ⟨the⟩ seeds pretty thick; and if frost set in ⟨strong,⟩ spread some dry long litter over the ⟨beds⟩. In mild weather, if formerly omitted, ⟨prune⟩ apple, pear, cherry and plume trees; ⟨and⟩ gooseberries and currants. Plant fruit ⟨and⟩ forest trees, thorns, and other hardy ⟨shrubs⟩ in open weather. Turn up strong ⟨soil to⟩ meliorate with the frost; also such ⟨flower⟩ borders as are empty, to be in ⟨readiness at⟩ the time of planting. In hard frosty ⟨weather⟩ carry dung, and be careful of tender ⟨sapling⟩ trees, shrubs, evergreens, &c. by ⟨sheltering⟩ them from the frost.
FEBRUARY.
Sow more pease and beans for a ⟨succession⟩; also radishes, lettuces, cresses, parsely, ⟨&c⟩. Spinage may be sown every three or ⟨four⟩ weeks, to have a constant supply: ⟨also⟩ a few cabbage and savoy seeds about ⟨the⟩ end of the month. A few onion seeds ⟨may⟩ be sown about the middle of the month, ⟨which⟩ often do better than those sown later. Prepare ground for potatoes, onions, ⟨and⟩ other roots. Gather fresh horse dung ⟨to⟩ prepare for making up hot beds for cucumbers and melons. As green house ⟨plants⟩ will require fresh air at all times, ⟨when⟩ the season will permit, a little may be ⟨given⟩ about mid-day, if the weather is mild ⟨and⟩ clear, and the wind still; and water may be given in small quantities to such ⟨plants⟩ as want it, picking off all decayed ⟨leaves⟩. Plant ranunculuses and anemonies. ⟨Sow⟩ tender annual flowers, on a moderate ⟨hot⟩-bed.
MARCH.
Make small hot-beds for raising cucumbers and melon plants. Plant some early ⟨potatoes⟩ on a warm sheltered situation, ⟨covering⟩ them, in frosty evenings, with litter or pease straw. About the middle ⟨sow⟩ brocoli, cabbages, savoys, asparagus, and onions; also cauliflowers, leeks, ⟨carrots,⟩ turnips &c. and pease and beans every ⟨fortnight⟩, for a succession. Plant out cabbages and savoys, artichokes, and ⟨asparagus.⟩ Sow all kinds of hardy annual flower ⟨seed⟩ in the open ground, and the tender ⟨kind⟩ in a moderate hot-bed, in pots. ⟨Finally⟩ planting fruit and forest trees, and ⟨grow⟩ fruit trees. Plant gooseberries, ⟨currants,⟩ strawberries, and raspberries. ⟨Transplant⟩ all kinds of sweet herbs; also ⟨perennial⟩ fibrous-rooted and herbaceous plants, ⟨and⟩ evergreens. Make box edgings.
APRIL.
This month requires the greatest executions of any in the year with the ⟨gardening⟩ the ground being ready to receive ⟨whatever⟩ is planted or sown. Sow pease and ⟨beans⟩ and sallads, every ten or fourteen ⟨days.⟩ Plant potatoes, and transplant ⟨cauliflowers,⟩ lettuces, &c. Sow parsley, celery, ⟨endives,⟩ purslane, and pot and sweet herbs. ⟨Have⟩ pease and beans, and sow more to keep ⟨up⟩ a succession; stick tall growing pease ⟨when⟩ four or five inches high, and top beans ⟨when⟩ come to their full height. Thin out ⟨onions,⟩ carrots, turnips, spinage, &c. Plant evergreens in moist weather, and all kinds ⟨of⟩ flowering shrubs. Sow French beans ⟨in⟩ dry weather. Water new planted trees ⟨in⟩ dry weather. Clear gravel walks, and form thrift and box edgings. Sow all kinds of hardy flower seeds. Transplant tender annual flowers from the hot-bed.
MAY.
Sow cabbages, cauliflowers, and savoys, for a late crop, and transplant those formerly sown, when ready. Sow full crops of French and Turkey beans; marrowfat and every other kind of pease. Every week, during the summer months, sow lettuces, &c. for a constant supply of salad. Earth up celery, and thin onions, carrots, turnips, and spinage, where necessary, taking care to leave the strongest plants. Plant cucumbers under hand glasses. Water in dry weather, young fruit trees, and protect the roots from the heat, with short grass laid round the stems. Cut box edgings. Nail up young shoots of wall-trees, and tie espalters with twigs of the golden willow. Remove plants out of the green-house, and place them in a shady sheltered border, observing to water them duly.
JUNE
Continue to plant cabbages, cauliflower, and savoys, for a late crop. Plant out leeks and brocoli. Transplant celery, endive, and lettuces; and sow sallad ⟨seeds⟩ every eight or ten days. Sow full crops ⟨and⟩ turnips, both yellow and white; also fle(illegible text) turnip, white, green, red, and Swedish. Sow beet, red, white, and green, in ⟨drilling⟩ about an inch deep, and ten or twelve ⟨inches⟩ distant. Hoe beans and pease; top ⟨the⟩ former, and stick the latter. A few of ⟨the⟩ early kind of each may be sown the first ⟨or⟩ second week for the latest crop. ⟨Gather⟩ and dry sweet and pot herbs as they ⟨come⟩ to bloom. Train wall trees and ⟨espaliers.⟩ Secure young trees against wind, and water them in dry weather. Mow ⟨grass⟩ walks in the morning, before the dew is ⟨off.⟩ Clean and roll gravel walks.
JULY.
Plant more cauliflowers for autumn; ⟨and⟩ cabbages, savoys, brocoli, and leeks ⟨for⟩ winter. If any vacant ground, sow turnips, carrots, onion, winter spinage, kidney beans, endive, &c. Towards the end, plant ⟨sweet⟩ herbs. Transplant celery, more cabbages and cauliflowers, on the ground where ⟨the⟩ early pease are done. Water, in dry weather, always in the evening. Dung and dig ground for full crops of winter greens and cabbage to be planted next month.
AUGUST.
⟨If⟩ any seeds were omitted to be sown ⟨last⟩ month, finish now. Sow cabbage and ⟨all⟩ kinds of greens to stand through the ⟨winter⟩ for plants in spring: also cabbage ⟨and⟩ Dutch lettuces on warm borders, for ⟨outer⟩ use. Earth up celery, and plant ⟨some⟩ more. Clean asparagus beds. If room, ⟨plant⟩ more brocoli, cabbage, &c. About ⟨the⟩ middle sow cauliflower and prickly (illegible text)nage. Gather onions, garlic, and all ⟨sweet⟩ herbs. Clip thorn hedges, and pare (illegible text)ift edgings.
SEPTEMBER.
Plant strawberries and box edgings. ⟨Transplant⟩ celery, lettuce, endive and all ⟨evergreen⟩ shrubs. Look over wall-trees ⟨and⟩ espaliers, and fasten straggling branches. ⟨Prepare⟩ ground for planting fruit trees. ⟨Dig⟩ up all vacant borders, and clean and (illegible text)ll gravel walks. Destroy snails, caterpillars, and other vermin. Slip and transplant fibrous-rooted plants and flowers.
OCTOBER.
In this and the three following months, ⟨dung⟩, dig, and trench all vacant ground, to ⟨be⟩ ready for spring crops, covering in the ⟨dung⟩ well. Plant out early cabbages to cut in May. Towards the middle, ⟨plant⟩ early pease and beans, and earth ⟨these⟩ when two inches high. About ⟨then⟩ plant all kinds of fruit trees; and, ⟨before⟩ the frost sets in, gooseberries, currants, (illegible text) and flowering shrubs. All ⟨kinds of⟩ trees, whether fruit or forest, ⟨transplanted⟩ this month, will thrive better than (illegible text). Dress wall-trees and standards. ⟨Prepare⟩ ground for planting trees.
NOVEMBER.
Finish planting gooseberries, ⟨currants,⟩ rasps, and flowering shrubs; also fruit ⟨and⟩ forest trees, putting loose dung round ⟨the⟩ stems to preserve them from frost. ⟨Plant⟩ more early pease, beans, and a few ⟨radishes⟩ on a warm border. Plant all ⟨kinds of⟩ bulbous rooted flowers, and some anemonies and ranunculuses. Secure ⟨artichokes⟩ and asparagus beds from the frost, (illegible text) covering them with loose dung. A ⟨small⟩ hot-bed frame may be kept profitably ⟨to⟩ work all winter in raising small salads, ⟨such⟩ as radishes, cresses, parsley, &c. Plant ⟨cauliflowers⟩ upon warm sheltered borders, (illegible text) under hot-bed frames or hand glasses.
DECEMBER.
In mild weather continue to sow ⟨pease⟩ and beans for a succession. Cover ⟨your⟩ ⟨artichokes⟩ with loose dung, to keep the ⟨roots⟩ from frost, if omitted last month. ⟨Prune⟩ gooseberries, currants, and thin out ⟨rasps⟩. Dig and dung all spare ground; ⟨and⟩ dung and prepare borders on walls for ⟨young⟩ fruit trees in March, if omitted to ⟨be⟩ planted last month. Fasten young fruit ⟨trees⟩ with stakes. Gather all rubbish and ⟨burn⟩ it; and in frost carry out dung.
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⟨DIRECTIONS⟩ FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF A
COTTAR'S GARDEN,
OF TWENTY FALLS OF GROUND.
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|
1 Falls of early Potatoes. |
2 Falls of Leek's & Onions. |
|
Total 20 Falls.
May, first or second week, plant early Cabbages.
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS
In dry and warm weather take care to water ⟨the⟩ seed-beds and plants lately moved; secure the ⟨seed-beds⟩ and pease from birds; destroy insects; and ⟨thin⟩ out the crops in the seed-beds, if too thick.
At all times keep your garden clean from ⟨weeds⟩ especially your crops of carrots and onions. Cut ⟨only⟩ a small part of the potatoes with eyes for ⟨planting⟩ the remaining part may be saved for use, Two ⟨eyes⟩ in each set are enough.
Dig the ground as soon as the autumn crops ⟨have⟩ taken off; lay it up in ridges, that it may have ⟨the⟩ benefit of the frost.
It is of great benefit to keep bees. Three ⟨hives⟩ are often worth as much as your rent: they ⟨require⟩ but little attention; they should be watched ⟨while⟩ they swarm; and the hive must be covered from ⟨the⟩ snow in winter, and the heat of summer.
The produce of the garden will be in ⟨proportion⟩ to the care taken of it; don't waste any thing ⟨that⟩ can be converted into manure.
Keep the hog styes clean; the hogs improve mo(illegible text) and the garden is enriched. To the mine of ⟨dung⟩ from the styes, add the decayed leaves of the ⟨vegetables⟩, and what the hogs will not eat, such as ⟨the⟩ soot and ashes from the chimney and fire, the ⟨suds⟩ ⟨from in⟩ the washing tub, the sweeping from the floors ⟨from the⟩ house, cuttings of weeds from the side of roads, ⟨with⟩ all other articles which will make manure. Thus, ⟨at the⟩ same time that every thing about you is kept ⟨clean⟩ and tidy, you will be well paid for your care,
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ECONOMICAL RECEIPTS AND USEFUL INFORMATION
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Economy in planting Potatoes.
The common mode of planting potatoes is, {{reconstruct|by} setting the small roots entire; or, cutting the larger ones to pieces and reserving ⟨the⟩ eye or bud to each: it appears, however, that the rind may be employed with ⟨equal⟩ advantage; as crops have thus been ⟨produced⟩, which fully equalled those obtained from seeds, sets, shoots, or any other method.
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POTATOES.
A Gentleman near Renfrew, has prosecuted an experiment on the effect of pulling the flowers or blossoms from the Potatoes, with great care and attention, in fields of ⟨two⟩ acres, each year, by taking alternate ⟨portions⟩ of equal area in the same field; ⟨Handling⟩ the blossoms from some of the divisions, and leaving others to ripen ⟨to⟩ seed; attending in the Autumn, when ⟨the⟩ Potatoes were taking up, and ⟨measuring⟩ the produce with great care, he ⟨uniformly⟩ found the quantity increase 10 or 15 ⟨percent⟩. where the blossoms were taken ⟨out⟩ besides there being few small Potatoes in the field. He also found the quantity much improved in consequence of ⟨the⟩ crop ripening sooner than usual, and therefore not affected by the frosts, which ⟨often⟩ set in so early that the growth of the Potatoe is completely checked before it ⟨arrives⟩ at maturity: he has continued the ⟨practice⟩ for the last five or six years, on fields ⟨from⟩ four to nine acres, and considers ⟨the⟩ experiment worth prosecuting to any extent: the expence about 3s. per acre, ⟨and⟩ done by children from ten to twelve ⟨years⟩ of age.
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Frost-bitten Potatoes.
After paring or scraping let them lie in water an hour, and then boil them with a bit of saltpetre, which is said to take the sweetness quite away.
To prevent Curl in Potatoes.
A Farmer states, that it is well ascertained, and proved by documents the most unquestionable, that the cause of curled potatoes is from allowing the crab of the potatoe to remain on the plant; for when the crab has been cut off, the future sets have always proved free from the curl.
It is also necessary that the potatoes for sets should be reaped before the stem is withered. And the matter worthy of remark is, that a green potatoe top cut off in June, at the length of six to eight inches, and pricked into the ground in moist weather, will produce good potatoes in October.
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A method of keeping Potatoes
Was lately and successfully tried, by the patriotic Bath and West of England Society. It consists simply in slicing potatoes without taking off the rind or skin, and afterwards drying them in an oven or kiln. The roots thus prepared will remain sweet for almost any length of time: the Society sent some to Jamaica in a barrel; which had been four years from Britain, and on their return, were found not to be in the least degree affected.
To make Potatoe Bread.
Put a pound of potatoes in a net, into a small kettle with cold water, and (lest the skin break, and let in the water) hang it ⟨at⟩ a distance (so as not to boil) over the fire till they become soft, then skin, mash, and rub them so as to be well mixed with ⟨a⟩ pound of flour, a very large spoonful ⟨of⟩ salt, and two large spoonfuls of yeast, ⟨but⟩ less of the yeast is better. Then add ⟨a⟩ little warm water, and kned it up as ⟨other⟩ dough; lay it a little while before the fire to ferment of rise, then bake it in a very ⟨hot⟩ oven.
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Remedy for Frost-bitten Potatoes.
Frost-bitten Potatoes, and all ⟨other⟩ vegetables, as fruit, &c. are restored to ⟨their⟩ natural taste and flavour by being steeped in cold water twelve hours before boiled. Potatoes are also preserved from decay in the latter season by being dried on a kiln or any other convenient way.
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Method of destroying Insects on Fruit Trees
Flour of brimstone, sprinkled by a puff dredging box, or otherwise, on the ⟨leaves⟩ ⟨of⟩ vegetables, will effectually destroy worms ⟨and⟩ insects, and likewise promote the ⟨growth⟩ of the plant.--Peach trees are particularly improved by the application.
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To remove the taste of Turnips from Milk of Butter.
The taste of the turnip is easily taken off milk and butter, by dissolving a little mitre in spring water, which being kept in a bottle, and a small tea cup full put into eight gallons of milk, when warm from the cow, entirely removes any taste or flavour of the turnip.
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A cheap Blacking for Shoes.
In three pints of small beer, put two ounces of ivory black, and one pennyworth of brown sugar. As soon as they boil, put a desert spoonful of sweet oil, and then boil slowly till reduced to a quart. Stir it up with a stick every time it is used; and put it on the shoe with a brush when wanted.
ANOTHER.
Ivory black, two ounces; brown ⟨sugar,⟩ one ounce and a half; sweet oil, half ⟨a⟩ table spoonful. Mix them well, and ⟨then⟩ gradually add half a pint of small beer.
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Chinese method of mending China.
Take a piece of flint-glass, beat it to a ⟨fine⟩ powder, and grind it well with the ⟨white⟩ of an egg, and it joins china ⟨without⟩ rivetting, so that no art can break it in ⟨the⟩ same place. You are to observe that ⟨the⟩ composition is to be ground extremely ⟨fine⟩ on a painter's stone.
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To take Iron Moulds out of Linen.
Hold the Iron-mould on the cover of a tankard of boiling water, and rub on the spot a little juice of sorrel and a little salt, and when the cloth has thoroughly imbibed the juice wash it in lie.
Economy in Fuel
Let the coal ashes, which are usually thrown into the dust binn, be preserved in a corner of the coal hole, and add to them from your coal heap, an equal part of the small coal or slack, which is too small to be retained in the grate, and pour a small quantity of water upon the mixture. When you make up your fire, place a few round coals in front, and throw some of this mixture behind; it saves the trouble of shifting your ashes, gives a warm and pleasant fire, and a very small part only will remain unburnt.
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To prevent the effects of Excessive Cold.
Persons are in danger of being destroyed by it, when they become very drowsy, or are affected with general numbness or insensibility of the body. As the cold which proves fatal generally affects the feet first, great care should be taken to keep them as warm as possible.
1. By protecting them, when you are exposed to cold, with wool, or woollen sockets, within the shoes or boots, or with large woollen stockings drawn over them; or, when you ride, with hay or straw wrapped round them.
2. By keeping up a brisk circulation in the blood-vessels of the feet, which will be the best preserved by avoiding tight boots or shoes, by moving the feet constantly. Or when this is impracticable, from a confined situation, and two or more persons are exposed together
3. By placing their feet, without shoes, against each other's breasts.
If, notwithstanding these precautions, a person should be rendercd sleepy or insensible by cold, he must exert himself; and move about quickly; for if he should sleep in the cold he will inevitably perish.
The person thus affected should be kept from the fire; for acrid applications of every kind are very injurious.
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To prevent danger from Wet Clothes.
Keep if possible in motion, and take care if possible not to go near a fire or into any warm place, so as to occasion a sudden heat, till some time after you have been able to procure dry clothes.
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Accidents incident to Children from fire.
A child should never be left alone in any situation where he may be exposed to the ⟨destructive⟩ element of fire. We daily ⟨hear⟩ of children that have been burned to ⟨death⟩, in consequence of their clothes ⟨having⟩ caught fire; yet, it is surprising, ⟨that⟩ the frequency of these afflicting events ⟨does⟩ not possess persons with an idea of ⟨the⟩ most effectual methods of extinguishing the fire. In general, an attempt is ⟨made⟩ to tear off the burning clothes from ⟨the⟩ sufferer, which should never be done. ⟨The⟩ clothing, instead of being torn off, ⟨ought⟩ to be pressed close to the body, and ⟨whatever⟩ is at hand wrapped over it, so as ⟨to⟩ exclude the air, when the blaze will go ⟨out⟩; for it is the action of the air that ⟨keeps⟩ it alive, and increases the vehemence. ⟨A⟩ carpet, a table cloth, a blanket, a cloth ⟨cloak⟩, any close wrapper, will instantly ⟨extinguish⟩ it.
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To prevent Infection.
Mix in a plate, a few ounces of pulverized ⟨black⟩ oxyde of manganese and common ⟨salt⟩, which being placed in the house supposed to be infected, sprinkle oil of vitriol upon the mixture, and gas will arise which will render the place perfectly salubrious. The oil of vitriol should be carefully added by a few drops at a time, the face being burned from the mixture.
To relieve Fainting and other Fits
The person ought to be immediately ⟨carried⟩ into the open air, and the temples, ⟨should⟩ be rubbed with strong vinegar and bra(illegible text) and volatile salts or spirits held to the ⟨nose.⟩ The patient should then be laid on {{reconstruct|their} back with the head low, and have a ⟨little⟩ wine or other cordial poured into ⟨their⟩ mouth. If subject to hysteric fits, ca(illegible text) or assafoetida should be applied to the r(illegible text) or burnt feathers, horn, or leather.
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To relieve sudden Bleeding.
Dry lint put up the nostrils, pledgets (illegible text) lint dipped in spirits, or weak ⟨solutions of⟩ blue vitriol, or from ten to twenty ⟨drops⟩ of oil of turpentine taken in water generally stop discharges of blood.
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To restore suspended Animation.
In cases of substances being stopt ⟨between⟩ the mouth and the stomach, where ⟨this⟩ cannot be extracted by the fingers or otherwise, the person should swallow a piece ⟨of⟩ ⟨meat⟩ or tow tied to a thread, which should ⟨be⟩ immediately drawer up again, Emetics ⟨are⟩ sometimes serviceable, and injections of ⟨warm⟩ milk and water frequently remove ⟨the⟩ obstructions. When animation is suspended by noxious vapours, the usual ⟨methods⟩ in fainting should be employed, ⟨and⟩ lemonade or vinegar and water given ⟨to⟩ the patient as soon as he could swallow.
When it proceeds from extreme cold, ⟨the⟩ party affected should be immersed in ⟨cold⟩ water, or rubbed with snow till they ⟨recover⟩ their natural warmth.
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For a Cold and Cough.
⟨A⟩ large tea-cupful of linseed, two penny-worth of stick-liquorice, and a quarter of ⟨a⟩ pound of sun raisins, put to two quarts ⟨of⟩ soft water, and simmered over a slow ⟨fire⟩, till reduced one-third or more; add ⟨thereto⟩ a quarter of a pound of sugar-cane (illegible text) pounded, a table spoonful of white wine vinegar, ⟨and⟩ lemon-juice. Note--the rum and vinegar should be added only to the quantity ⟨which⟩ is about to be taken immediately. ⟨Drink⟩ half a pint at going to bed, or a ⟨small⟩ quantity at any time when the cough ⟨is⟩ troublesome.
For a cold, bathe the legs and feet ⟨in⟩ warm water at night, and take, going ⟨into⟩ bed, a drink of hot whey, with 4 grains ⟨of⟩ nitre.
If a sore throat, tie round it three or ⟨four⟩ folds of flannel sprinkled with spirits.
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Method of restoring Life to the apparent Drowned.
Avoid all rough usage. Do not hold up ⟨the⟩ body by the feet, or roll it on casks, or ⟨rub⟩ with salt or spirits, or apply tobacco. ⟨Let⟩ not a moment, carry the body, the head ⟨and⟩ shoulders raised, to the nearest house. ⟨Place⟩ it in a warm room. Let it be instantly stripped, dried, and wrapped in hot ⟨blankets⟩ which are to be renewed when ⟨necessary.⟩ Keep the mouth, nostrils, and the ⟨throat⟩ free and clean. Apply warm ⟨substances⟩ to the back, spine, pit of the ⟨stomach,⟩ arm-pits, and soles of the feet. Rub ⟨the⟩ body with heated flannel, or warm ⟨hands.⟩ Attempt to restore breathing, by ⟨gently⟩ blowing with bellows into one ⟨nostril.⟩ Keep up the application of heat. ⟨Press⟩ down the breast carefully with both ⟨hands⟩ and then let it rise again, and thus imitate natural breathing. Continue the rubbing, and increase it when life appears, and then give a tee-spoonful of warm water, or of very weak wine or spirits and warm water. Persevere for six hours. Send quickly for medical assistance.
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Warts.
Cut an apple, and rub it for a few minutes over the wart; the juice of the apple will loosen the wart, and in a few days it will drop off. Any strong acid, either vegetable or mineral, has the same tendency.
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Corns.
Mr Cooper, in his Dictionary of Surgery gives the following recipe as infallible for the cure of corns:--Take two ounces of gum ammoniac, two ounces of yellow wax, six drams of verdigris, melt them together, and spread the composition on a piece of soft leather or linen, cut away as much of the corn as you can with a knife before you apply the plaster, which must be renewed in a fort'night, if the corn is not by that time gone:
Method of making yeast.
The following method of making ⟨yeast⟩ for bread is easy and expeditious. Boil ⟨one⟩ pound of good flour, a quarter of a pound of brown sugar, and a little salt, in two gallons of water, for an hour; when milk warm, bottle and cork it close; it will be ⟨fit⟩ for use in 24 hours. One pint of it ⟨will⟩ make 18lbs of bread.
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For Burns of Scalds.
When the blisters are open, dress them with a simple white ointment spread thinly on the smooth side of lint, the first day, and every day after sprinkle a little powder on prepared chalk, and dress it as before. To alleviate the immediate pian, apply any quick evaporating fluid, as aether, spirits of wine, or brandy; or better than all, if at hand, spirits of turpentine, or rags dipped, in vinegar and water, and often renewed.
FINIS.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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