Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Guam

GUAM (gwäm), an island in the Pacific Ocean, the largest of the Marianne or Ladrone group; area, 200 square miles; capital, Agaña. The island is fertile and to a great extent covered with valuable timber lands. There are 18 schools and about 90 per cent. of the natives can read and write. At the beginning of the American-Spanish War the Ladrone group belonged to Spain, and on June 20, 1898, the United States cruiser “Charleston,” on its way to Manila, opened fire on Agaña. The Spanish garrison, not knowing that war existed, and thinking the attack was a salute, sent an officer to the “Charleston” apologizing for not returning it, owing to lack of ammunition. When they learned the state of affairs, the place was surrendered in less than 30 minutes. Captain Leary, of the United States navy, was appointed the first American governor, and under his direction important reforms were instituted. Slavery was abolished, and a break-water and fortifications were built at the harbor of San Luis d'Apra, to establish a coaling station there. United States money has been in circulation since 1909. Pop. 13,275. See Agaña.