Dictionary of spoken Spanish

by by United States War Department

A

a to Voy a Barcelona. I'm going to Barcelona. — Vamos a casa. Let's go home. — Se lo dimos al hombre. We gave it to the man. ♦ at Vengan Uds. a las dos. Come at two o'clock. ♦ on, upon Al salir de la casa, la vimos. We saw her on leaving the house. ♦ later Nos marchamos a los cuatro días. We left four days later. ♦ by La carta estaba escrita a mano. The letter was written by hand. ♦ on Fuimos a pie. We went on foot. ♦ from Se lo compré a Juan. I bought it from John. ° a no ser que if . . . not Le veré, a no ser que venga demasiado tarde. I'll see him if he doesn't come too late. || Quiero ver a Nueva York [Am]. I want to see New York. || ¡A que no sabes donde estuve anoche! I bet you can't guess where I was last night!

abajo below, down, downstairs Estoy aquí abajo. I'm down here. ° boca abajo face down. ° cuesta abajo downhill No vaya Ud. tan de prisa en la cuesta abajo. Don't drive so fast downhill. ° de abajo lower Los pisos de abajo son muy oscuros. The lower floors are very dark. ° de arriba abajo from top to bottom, from head to foot Lo examinó de arriba abajo. He examined it from top to bottom. ° desde abajo from below Desde abajo la casa parecía muy alta. From below, the house seemed very tall. ° hacia abajo downward, down Cuando pase el puente no mire hacia abajo. When you cross the bridge, don't look down. ° por abajo at or around the bottom, down there El pantalón estaba gastado por abajo. The trousers were worn at the bottom.

abandonado (see abandonar) [adj] negligent, sloppy Es muy abandonado en su manera de vestir. He's very sloppy in his dress.

abandonar to abandon, leave Abandonó a su mujer. He left his wife. ♦ to neglect Abandona su trabajo a menudo. He frequently neglects his work.

abanicar(se) to fan (oneself) Como hacía calor, se abanicaba. As it was warm, she was fanning herself.

abanico fan Compró un abanico chino. She bought a Chinese fan.

abarrotes [m pl] ° tienda de abarrotes grocery store [Mex].

abatir to depress Las noticias le han abatido mucho. The news depressed him very much.

abeja bee.

abertura opening (of material) La abertura de este jersey es pequeña y no me cabe la cabeza. The opening in this sweater's small and my head won't go through.

abierto (see abrir) open Las ventanas están abiertas. The windows are open.

ablandar to soften El asfalto se ablandó con el calor. The asphalt was softened by the heat.

abogado lawyer.

abolir to abolish.

abollar to dent, batter El guardabarros quedó todo abollado. The fender was badly dented.

abonar to pay Abonaremos la diferencia. We'll pay the difference. ♦ to fertilize Esta es la mejor época de abonar los campos. This is the best time to fertilize the fields. ° abonarse to subscribe Me voy a abonar a estos conciertos de música de cámara. I'm going to subscribe to these chamber-music concerts.

abono commutation ticket; subscription; fertilizer.

abrasar to burn La casa se abrasó. The house burned to the ground.

abrazar to embrace, hug.

abrazo embrace, hug.

abrelatas [m sg] can opener.

abreviar to shorten; to abbreviate.

abreviatura abbreviation. abrigar to warm Estas mantas abrigan mucho. These blankets are very warm. ♦ to shelter, protect La pared me abrigaba de la lluvia. The wall protected me from the rain. ° abrigarse to wrap oneself, dress warmly Abrigúese bien antes de salir. Wrap up well before you go out.

abrigo overcoat.

abril [m] April.

abrir [irr] to open Haga el favor de abrir la puerta. Please open the door. — ¿Cuándo han abierto el cajón? When was the box opened? ♦ to unlock Con esta llave abra Ud. el armario. Unlock the cabinet with this key. ° abrirse to withdraw, back out [Am] Si se abren Uds. no se hará el negocio. If you back out the deal won't go through. ° abrirse paso, abrirse camino to make one's way Se abría paso entre la multitud. He was making his way through the crowd.

abrochar to buckle, button Abróchale el cinturón al niño. Buckle the child's belt. — Tengo que abrocharme la chaqueta. I have to button my jacket.

absoluto ° en absoluto (not) at all "¿Le molesta a Ud.?" "No, en absoluto." "Do you mind?" "Not at all."— "¿Rehusó Ud. hacerlo?" "¡En absoluto!" "Did you refuse to do it?" "Not at all!"

absorber to absorb.

absurdo absurd; absurdity.

abuela grandmother.

abuelo grandfather.

abundancia abundance.

abundante abundant.

aburrir to bore Aburre a todo el mundo. He bores everybody.

abusar de to abuse El gobernador abusó de su autoridad. The governor abused his authority. ♦ to betray Abusó de mi confianza. He betrayed my confidence.

abuso abuse (of power); betrayal (of confidence).

acá here, this way Venga Ud. acá. Come here. ° por acá around here Espero que le veamos por acá pronto. I hope we'll be seeing you around here soon.

acabado (see acabar) [adj] Este mueble está muy bien acabado. This piece of furniture has a fine finish. ♦ exhausted, worn out [Am] Estoy acabado. I'm worn out. ♦ [m] finish El acabado de la mesa era perfecto. The finish of the table was perfect.

acabar to finish, end, terminate Acabe Ud. su trabajo pronto. Finish your work quickly. ♦ to put an end to Acabemos esta discusión. Let's put an end to this discussion. ° acabar con to exhaust, use up Han acabado con todos los recursos del país. They exhausted all the resources of the country. ♦ to wipe out Acabaron con el enemigo. They wiped out the enemy. ° acabar de to have just Acabo de llegar. I've just arrived. ° acabar por to end by Acabaré por volverme loco. I'll end up by going crazy. ° acabarse to run out of Se me acabó el dinero. I ran out of money.

academia academy.

acalenturado feverish [Am] El enfermo está acalenturado esta tarde. The patient's feverish this afternoon.

acalorarse to become heated or excited La discusión se acaloró. The argument became heated. ♦ to get overheated Me acaloré jugando al béisbol. I got overheated playing baseball.

acariciar to caress, pet Acariciaba al perro. He was petting the dog.

acarrear to carry (a load).

acaso perhaps, maybe Acaso venga mañana. Maybe he'll come tomorrow. ♦ by chance ¿Acaso lo tiene Ud.? Do you have it by any chance? ° por si acaso just in case Por si acaso lo necesita, lleve Ud. dinero. Take some money just in case you need it.

accidental accidental.

accidente [m] accident, mishap, chance.

acción [f] action Esas tropas van a entrar en acción. Those troops are going into action. ♦ plot (of a drama) La acción se desarrolla rápidamente. The plot develops rapidly.

aceite [m] oil.

aceituna olive.

acento stress, accent Esta palabra tiene el acento en la última sílaba. This word's stressed on the last syllable. ♦ accent, pronunciation Tiene buen acento. He has a good accent.

acentuar to accent.

aceptar to accept.

acera sidewalk.

acerca de about, concerning No sé nada acerca de eso. I don't know anything about that.

acercar to bring near Acérqueme una silla, por favor. Bring up a chair for me, please. ° acercarse a to approach Se acercó a la puerta. He approached the door.

acero steel. acertar [rad-ch I] to guess right Gana él que acierte el número. Whoever guesses the number wins. ° acertar con to locate, find Ne acertó con la casa. He couldn't find the house. ° acertar en to hit (a mark) Acertó en el centro del bianco. He hit the bull's-eye.

ácido sour Estas naranjas son muy acidas. These oranges are very sour. ♦ [m] acid.

acierto good judgment, good choice Es un acierto este traje que se ha comprado Ud. That suit you bought's a good choice.

aclamación [f] acclamation Fué elegido por aclamación. He was elected by acclamation.

aclamar to acclaim, applaud.

aclaración [f] explanation.

aclarar to make clear, clarify Hay que aclarar este asunto. This matter must be clarified. ♦ to brighten, clear up Parece que el día aclara. It seems to be clearing up.

acogida reception Tuvieron una calurosa acogida. They got a warm reception.

acometer to attack.

acomodado (see acomodar) well-to-do Es una familia acomodada. It's a well-to-do family.

acomodador [m] usher.

acomodar to put, place Acomode bien las maletas en la red. Put the suitcases carefully on the rack. ° acomodarse to adapt oneself Se acomoda a las circunstancias. She adapts herself to circumstances. ♦ to make oneself comfortable Acomódense, que tenemos tiempo de sobra. Make yourselves comfortable, for we have plenty of time.

acomodo job, position Está buscando acomodo. He's looking for a job.

acompañar to accompany.

aconsejar to advise.

acontecimiento event.

acorazado battleship.

acordar [rad-ch I] to agree to, on, or upon Lo acordaron por unanimidad. They agreed to it unanimously. ° acordarse de to remember, recollect ¿Se acuerda Ud. de esto? Do you remember this?

acortar to shorten Haga el favor de acortar la chaqueta. Would you please shorten the jacket. ° acortar la marcha to slow down.

acostar [rad-ch I] to put to bed Ya es hora de acostar a los niños. It's time to put the children to bed. ♦ to lay Se puso enfermo y lo acostaron en un banco. He became sick and they laid him on a bench. ° acostarse to go to bed Se acuesta temprano pero tarda en dormirse. He goes to bed early but it takes him a long time to get to sleep. ° estar acostado to be lying down Estaba acostado en el diván. He was lying on the couch.

acostumbrarse a to get accustomed to.

acrecentar [rad-ch I] to increase.

acreditado accredited Es un representante acreditado del gobierno francés. He's an accredited representative of the French government. ♦ of good reputation Es un medico acreditado. He's a doctor of good reputation. ♦ solvent Es una firma acreditada. It's a solvent firm.

acreedor [m] creditor Le persiguen los acreedores. His creditors are after him.

actitud [f] attitude.

actividad [f] activity En la oficina ha habido mucha actividad esta mañana. There's been a lot of activity around the office this morning. ° actividades activities Además de su empleo tiene otras muchas actividades. In addition to his regular job, he has a lot of other activities.

activo active.

acto act Fué un acto de valor. It was an act of courage. ♦ ceremony El acto tuvo lugar por la tarde. The ceremony took place in the afternoon. ♦ act (of a play) Ahora va a empezar el tercer acto. The third act is about to begin. ° en el acto right away Lo hizo en el acto. He did it right away.

actor [m] actor.

actriz [f] actress.

actual present, current Las circunstancias actuales son desfavorables. Present circumstances are unfavorable.

actualidad [f] present time En la actualidad escasea el café. Nowadays coffee is scarce.

actualmente at present, at the present time Actualmente está en Chicago. At the present time he's in Chicago.

actuar to act.

acudir to rush Acudieron en su ayuda. They rushed to his aid. ♦ to keep (an appointment) No acudió a la cita. He didn't keep his appointment.

acuerdo agreement Llegaron a un acuerdo. They came to an agreement. ° de acuerdo of the same opinion Estamos de acuerdo. We're of the same opinion. ° de acuerdo con in accordance with Lo hice de acuerdo con sus instrucciones. I did it according to your instructions.

acumular to accumulate.

acusación [f] accusation.

acusado (see acusar) [adj] accused. ▲ [n] defendant.

acusar to accuse Le acusaron de homicidio. They accused him of manslaughter. ▲ to acknowledge (in business correspondence) Acusamos recibo de su carta. We acknowledge receipt of your letter.

adaptar to adapt.

adecuado adequate, suitable.

adelantado (see adelantar) ° por adelantado in advance En ese hotel hay que pagar por adelantado. You have to pay in advance in that hotel.

adelantar to surpass, take the lead Este muchacho adelanta al resto de la clase. This boy surpasses the rest of the class. — Adelantaron a todos los demás. They went ahead of all the others. ▲ to pass Iban a ochenta kilómetros y nos adelantaron. They were doing eighty kilometers and they passed us. ▲ to gain time Su reloj adelanta. Your watch gains time. ▲ to put ahead Adelante Ud. su reloj porque está atrasado. Put your watch ahead; it's slow. ▲ to be fast Mi reloj está adelantado cinco minutos. My watch is five minutes fast. ▲ to improve, advance Su español adelanta poco a poco. His Spanish is improving little by little. ° adelantarse to beat (someone) to, steal a march on Yo quería invitarle, pero su amigo se me adelantó. I wanted to invite you, but your friend beat me to it.

adelante Siga Ud. adelante. Go ahead. ° en adelante from now on De ahora en adelante lo haremos así. From now on we'll do it this way. ° más adelante later on Más adelante lo comprenderás. You'll understand it later on. ▲ farther on Más adelante encontramos una casa. Farther on we came upon a house. || ¡Adelante! Come in! or Forward!

adelanto improvement Esta casa tiene todos los adelantos. This house has all the latest improvements.

adelgazar to make thin; to lose weight.

además moreover, furthermore No tengo ganas de ir y además ya es muy tarde. I don't want to go, and besides it's too late. ° además de in addition to, besides Además de fruta vamos a tomar helado. Besides fruit we're going to have ice cream.

adentro within, inside Voy a ir adentro. I'm going inside. || ¡Adentro! Come in!

adiós good-by, so long.

adivinar to guess ¿A qué no adivina Ud. lo que me ha ocurrido hoy? I'll bet you can't guess what happened to me today.

adjunto enclosed. (Used in correspondence.)

administración [f] administration, management.

administrador [m] manager; superintendent (of a building).

administrar to manage, administer.

admirable admirable, excellent, wonderful.

admiración [f] admiration, wonder.

admirar to amaze Me admira su descaro. I'm amazed at his nerve. ▲ to admire Admiraba el trabajo de su amigo. He admired his friend's work. ° admirarse de to be surprised or amazed at Se admiraron de su resistencia. They were amazed at his courage.

admitir to admit Le han admitido en la escuela de ingenieros. He was admitted to the engineering school. ▲ to accept No se admiten propinas. Tips not accepted. ▲ to let, allow No admite interrupciones. He doesn't allow interruptions.

adolescencia adolescence, youth.

adolescente [adj; n] adolescent.

adonde where, to what place Adonde voy tú no puedes ir. You can't go where I'm going. ° ¿adonde? where? where to? ¿Adonde va Ud.? Where are you going?

adoptar to adopt Adoptaron una niña. They adopted a little girl. — Han adoptado un nuevo plan. They've adopted a new plan. ▲ to assume Adoptó un aire de gran importancia. He assumed an air of great importance.

adorar to worship, adore.

adornar to decorate, fix up El salón está muy bien adornado para la fiesta. The room's nicely fixed up for the party. ▲ to trim El traje estaba adornado con encajes. The dress was trimmed with lace.

adorno ornament, trimming.

adquirir to acquire.

adquisición [f] acquisition.

aduana customhouse. ▲ customs Pagaron derechos de aduana(s). They paid customs duties.

adulación [f] flattery.

adular to flatter.

adulto [n; adj] adult.

adversario opponent.

adversidad [f] adversity, misfortune.

advertencia warning.

advertir [rad-ch II] to notice, observe Advertí algunos errores en su informe. I noticed some mistakes in his report. ▲ to advise, warn Te advierto que no lo hagas otra vez. I'm warning you not to do it again. — Ya se lo advertí a Ud. I told you so.

aéreo aerial, (of the) air Envíelo por correo aéreo. Send it airmail.

aeródromo airport.

aeroplano airplane.

afable affable, pleasant.

afán [m] anxiety, eagerness.

afanarse to be eager Muchachos, no se afanen tanto. Don't be so eager, boys.

afectado (see afectar) affected, unnatural.

afectar to move La noticia le afectó mucho. The news moved him deeply.

afecto affection, regard Les tiene afecto a todos sus compañeros de oficina. He has regard for all his office companions.

afeitar to shave. ° afeitarse to shave (oneself).

afición [f] fondness; inclination.

aficionado, aficionada fan Soy un gran aficionado al béisbol. I'm a great baseball fan. ▲ amateur Esta es una compañía de aficionados. This is an amateur company. ° aficionado a fond of Es muy aficionado a la lectura. He's very fond of reading.

aficionarse a to become fond of Se ha aficionado a los deportes. He's become fond of sports.

afilar to sharpen.

afinidad [f] relationship by marriage Es pariente mío por afinidad. He's one of my in-laws.

afirmar to affirm, assert, maintain.

afirmativo [adj] affirmative.

aflicción [f] affliction, sorrow, grief.

afligir to grieve (someone) Les afligió macho la pérdida de su madre. The loss of their mother grieved them very much. ° afligirse to grieve Se afligieron por la desgracia de su amigo. They grieved over their friend's misfortune.

aflojar to loosen, relax Afloje Ud. un poco la venda. Loosen the bandage a little. ▲ to slacken No aflojen el trabajo en tiempo de guerra. Don't slacken in your work in war time. ▲ to decrease, let up, subside La tormenta aflojó. The storm let up.

afortunadamente fortunately.

afortunado fortunate, lucky.

afuera out, outside Vamos afuera. Let's go out. ° afueras [f pl] suburbs, outskirts Viven en las afueras de la ciudad. They live in the suburbs. || ¡Afuera! Get out!

agachar to lower, bend down Agachen la cabeza que el techo es muy bajo. Bend down; the ceiling's very low.

agarradero handle.

agarrar to hold, grasp Agarre Ud. bien la cuerda. Hold the rope tight. ▲ to catch or contract (illness) He agarrado un catarro atroz. I caught an awful cold. ▲ to take [Arg]. ° agarrarse to hold on, catch hold Se agarró de mi brazo para no caerse. She caught hold of my arm so she wouldn't fall.

agencia agency (except governmental).

agente [m] agent Es agente de una gran compañía de seguros. He's agent for a big insurance company. ▲ representative La compañía ha enviado varios agentes para tratar el asunto. The company's sent several representatives to discuss the matter. ° agente (de policía) policeman [Am] Pregunte al agente dónde está la plaza de Santiago. Ask the policeman where St. James Square is.

ágil quick, agile Es ágil de movimientos. He's quick in his movements. — Tiene una inteligencia muy ágil. She has a very quick mind.

agitación [f] excitement, agitation.

agitar to shake Agítese bien antes de usarlo. Shake well before using. ▲ to stir up, excite El político agitó a los trabajadores. The politician stirred up the workers. ° agitarse to become excited Cuando lo oyó se agitó mucho. When she heard it she got very excited.

agosto August. agotar to run through, use up, exhaust Agotaron rápidamente la herencia. They ran through the inheritance. ° agotarse to wear oneself out Con tanto trabajo se está agotando. He's wearing himself out working so much. ▲ to go out of print La edición se agotó rápidamente. The edition went out of print quickly. ▲ to give out Se agotaron las provisiones en poco tiempo. The provisions gave out in a short time.

agradable agreeable, pleasant.

agradar to be pleasing to Es un tipo que no me agrada. I don't like his type.

agradecer [-zc-] to appreciate Le agradezco mucho su amabilidad. I appreciate your kindness. ▲ to thank for Le agradecí mucho su ayuda. I thanked him very much for his help.

agradecimiento gratitude.

agrado liking Esto no es de su agrado. This is not to his liking.

agrandar to enlarge Van a agrandar su tienda. They're going to enlarge their store. ▲ to let out (a garment).

agravar to aggravate, make worse Esto agrava la situación. This makes the situation worse. ° agravarse to get worse El enfermo se agravó. The patient got worse.

agregado See agregar. ▲ [m] attache Vimos al agregado militar de la Embajada Americana. We saw the military attache of the American Embassy.

agregar to add Hace falta agregar más detalles al informe. You have to add more details to the report.

agresión [f] aggression.

agresivo aggressive.

agresor [m] aggressor.

agricultor [m] farmer.

agricultura agriculture.

agrio sour La toronja está muy agria. The grapefruit tastes very sour.

agrupar to group.

agua water Quiere un vaso de agua fresca. He wants a glass of cold water. ▲ rain Ahora hace un tiempo de agua. We're having a rainy spell. ° agua de coco coconut milk. ° aguas termales hot springs. ° más claro que el agua clear as crystal Tiene Ud. razón, eso está más claro que el agua. You're right, that's as clear as crystal. || ¡Hombre al agua! Man overboard!

aguacate [m] avocado, alligator pear.

aguacero [m] rainstorm El aguacero de anoche ha cortado el camino. Last night's storm washed out the road.

aguado ° manos aguadas butterfingers [Am] ¡Tienes las manos aguadas! You have butterfingers.

aguafiestas [m, f; sg] wet blanket, killjoy No seas aguafiestas. Don't be a wet blanket.

aguantar to bear, endure, stand Es asombroso como puede aguantar tanto. It's amazing how much he can stand. — Esto no se puede aguantar. This is unbearable. ▲ to hang on, not give up ¡Aguante duro! Hang on tight! ° aguantarse to be patient, take it Hay que aguantarse. You have to take it.

aguardar to expect Le aguardamos mañana a las diez. We expect him tomorrow at ten o'clock. ▲ to wait for Te estoy aguardando hace horas. I've been waiting for you for hours.

aguardiente [m] brandy, whiskey.

agudo sharp, keen El cuchillo tenía la punta muy aguda. The knife had a very sharp point. ▲ clever Es un muchacho muy agudo. He's a very clever boy. ▲ high-pitched Tiene una voz muy aguda. She has a very high-pitched voice. ▲ witty ¡Siempre tiene dichos tan agudos! He's always making such witty remarks ! ▲ acute (of an angle) Las calles forman un ángulo agudo. The two streets form an acute angle.

águila [f] eagle.

agüita agüita (water flavored with aromatic leaves) [Am] ¿Qué quiere Ud. después de la comida, café, té o agüita de menta? What would you like after dinner — coffee, tea, or mint water?

aguja needle ¿Tiene Ud. una aguja para coser estos botones? Do you have a needle to sew on these buttons? ▲ hand (of watch, compass) A mi reloj se le ha caído una aguja. One of the hands has fallen off my watch. ° agujas [pl] switch El tren ha entrado en agujas. The train's passed the switch.

agujero hole.

aguzar to sharpen to a point Aguce un poco la estaca. Sharpen the end of the stick a little. || Aguzó el oído. He pricked up his ears.

¡ah! oh!

ahí there Ahí está su amigo. There's your friend. — Qué tiene Ud. ahí en el bolsillo? What have you got there in your pocket? ° por ahí that way Por ahí, haga el favor. That way, please. ▲ around here Por ahí anda su sombrero. Your hat's somewhere around here. || ¿Y de ahí, qué hubo? Hello there, what's new? [C.A.]

ahijada goddaughter.

ahijado godson.

ahogar to choke Trató de ahogarle. He tried to choke him. ° ahogarse to drown, to be drowned Muchos animales se ahogaron en la inundación. Many animals were drowned in the flood. ▲ to be suffocated Me ahogo en esta habitación tan pequeña y tan caliente. This room's so small and hot that I'm suffocating.

ahora now, right now Ahora voy a casa. I'm going home now. ▲ now ¿Ahora, qué piensa Ud.? Now, what do you think? ° ahora bien now, now then Ahora bien, hay que aclarar este problema. Now then, let's get this problem cleared up. ° ahora mismo at once, right away Hágalo ahora mismo. Do it right away. ▲ just, just now Salió ahora mismo. He just left. ° de ahora en adelante from now on Lo haremos así de ahora en adelante. We'll do it this way from now on. ° hasta ahora up to now, so far Hasta ahora nunca hemos tenido este problema. Up to now we've never had this problem. ° por ahora for the present Por ahora tenemos bastante comida. We have enough food for the present.

ahorcar to hang (execute) Lo ahorcaron el mismo día. They hanged him the same day.

ahorita right now [Am] Ahorita vamos a verle. We're going to see him right now.

ahorrar to save ¿Cuánto dinero hemos ahorrado este mes? How much have we saved this month?

aire [m] air El aire de esta habitación está muy cargado. The air in this room's very stuffy. ▲ wind Sopla un aire muy fuerte. There's a very strong wind blowing. ▲ look, appearance Tiene aire de millonario. He looks like a millionaire. — Tenía un aire muy cansado. He looked very tired. ° al aire libre in the open air Pasamos tres horas al aire libre. We spent three hours in the open air. ° tomar el aire to get some fresh air. || Se da aires de persona importante. He puts on airs.

aislamiento isolation.

aislar to isolate, cut off.

¡aja! || ¡Aja! ¿Conque esas tenemos? So that's what's going on !

ajedrez [m] chess.

ajeno another's, someone else's No se meta en vidas ajenas. Don't meddle in other people's affairs.

ajo garlic. ° echar ajos to swear Empezó a echar ajos. He started swearing. ° estar en el ajo to be in the know.

ajustar to tighten Tiene Ud. que ajustar esos tornillos. You have to tighten those screws. ▲ to fit Esta tapadera no ajusta. This cover doesn't fit. ▲ to agree about, decide (on) Se reunieron para ajustar las condiciones de la paz. They met to decide peace terms. ▲ to settle Vamos a ajustar las cuentas. Let's settle accounts.

al (a + el) See a.

ala wing; brim (of a hat).

alabanza praise.

alabar to praise.

alacrán [m] scorpion.

alambrada wire fence.

alambre [m] wire.

alameda mall, public walk (lined with poplars).

álamo poplar.

alarde [m] boast. ° hacer alarde de to show off Levantó el baúl para hacer alarde de fuerza. He lifted the trunk to show off his strength.

alardear to boast.

alargar to lengthen, extend Hay que alargar las mangas de este abrigo. The sleeves of this coat have to be lengthened. ▲ to hand Haga el favor de alargarme la maleta. Would you hand me the suitcase, please?

alarma alarm.

alba dawn.

albañil [m] mason, bricklayer.

albaricoque [m] apricot [Sp].

alborotar to disturb, make noise Los niños están alborotando mucho. The children are making a lot of noise.

alboroto disturbance, excitement; [C.A.] popcorn.

alcachofa artichoke.

alcalde [m] mayor.

alcance [m] reach Estaba fuera de su alcance. It was out of his reach.

alcancía toy bank; collection box.

alcanzado short (of money) Siempre anda alcanzado de dinero. He's always short of money. alcanzar to catch up with, overtake Nos alcanzaron muy pronto. They caught up with us quickly. ▲ to reach No puedo alcanzar esa lata de tomate. I can't reach that can of tomatoes. ▲ to attain, reach Alcanzó el grado de general. He reached the rank of general. ° alcanzar a to succeed in, can Desde aquí no alcanzo a verlo. From here I can't see it.

alcoba bedroom.

alcohol [m] alcohol.

alcohólico [adj; n] alcoholic.

aldea village.

alegar to allege, state, assert.

alegrar to brighten (up) Las flores alegrarán la mesa. The flowers will brighten up the table. ▲ to cheer up. ° alegrarse to rejoice, be glad Me alegro mucho de verla. I'm very glad to see you.

alegre glad, happy ¿Por qué está Ud. tan alegre hoy? Why are you so happy today? ▲ cheerful Son gente muy alegre. They're very cheerful people. ▲ brilliant, bright ¡Qué traje tan alegre! What a bright-colored suit that is! ▲ drunk, tipsy Está un poco alegre. He's a little tipsy.

alegría delight, joy, pleasure Mostró gran alegría cuando le vio. He showed great joy when he saw him.

alejarse to go away No se aleje demasiado. Don't go too far away.

alentado well, all right [Am] Estaba enfermo, pero hoy ya está alentado. He was ill, but today he's all right.

alentar [rad-ch I] to comfort, cheer up Hay que alentarla un poco. She needs a little cheering up. ▲ to encourage Aliéntele Ud. a que lo haga ahora. Encourage him to do it.

alfabeto alphabet.

alfiler [m] pin.

alfombra carpet, rug.

algo something ¿Tiene Ud. algo que decirme? Have you something to tell me? ▲ rather, somewhat Me parece algo caro. It seems rather expensive to me. ° algo de some ¿Tiene Ud. algo de dinero? Have you got some money? ° por algo for some reason Por algo me dice Ud. eso. You must have a reason for telling me. ° servir para algo to be useful, be good for something No sé si esto le servirá para algo. I don't know whether this'll be of any use to you.

algodón [m] cotton.

alguien somebody, someone Alguien llama a la puerta. Somebody's knocking at the door. ▲ anybody, anyone ¿Ha venido alguien? Has anybody come?

algún (see alguno) some Espero que Ud. vuelva algún día. I hope you'll come again some day.

alguno some, any Quiero hacerle algunas preguntas. I want to ask you some questions. — ¿Quiere Ud. hacerme alguna pregunta? Do you want to ask me any questions? ° alguna cosa más anything else ¿Necesita Ud. alguna cosa más? Do you need anything else? ° alguna vez now and then, sometimes Nos visita algunas veces. He visits us now and then. ° algunos some people Algunos no tienen paciencia. Some people have no patience.

alhaja jewel.

aliado allied. ▲ [n] ally.

alianza union, alliance.

aliarse to form an alliance, ally oneself.

aliento breath Llegó sin aliento. He was out of breath when he got here. || Es una persona de muchos alientos. He's a very energetic person.

aligerar to lighten Tenemos que aligerar la carga. We have to lighten the load. ▲ to hasten, hurry Aligera porque es tarde. Hurry up, it's late.

alimentar to feed, nourish Esta comida no alimenta bastante. This food's not nourishing enough.

alimento food, nourishment.

alistarse to enlist Se alistó en la Legión Extranjera. He enlisted in the Foreign Legion.

alistarse to get ready [Am] Hay que alistarse temprano porque el tren no espera. We'd better get ready early because the train won't wait.

aliviar to relieve, alleviate.

allá there ¡Allá está! There it is! ° allá arriba up there, way up Está allá arriba esperándole. He's up there waiting for you. ° allá dentro in there, inside Allá dentro están sus amigos. Your friends are in there. ° hacia allá, para allá that way Vamos hacia allá. Let's go that way. ° más allá farther on, beyond El pueblo está más allá de aquellos árboles. The village is beyond those trees. ° por allá over there Les vi por allá hace un rato. I saw 'em over there a while ago.

allí there Póngalo allí. Put it over there. — Su casa está allí a la derecha. His house is there on the right. ° de allí from there Vive lejos de allí. She lives far from there. ° desde allí from there Desde allí se veía perfectamente. From there one could see perfectly. ° por allí that way Dice que vayamos por allí. He says we should go that way.

alma soul. ° almas people Es un pueblo de tres mil almas. It's a town of 3000 people. ° de mi alma (term of affectionate address used in Spanish-speaking countries) ¡Hijo de mi alma! My dear child! || Lo siento en el alma. I'm terribly sorry.

almacén [m] warehouse, stockroom; store, shop; department store; [Arg] grocery store.

almendra almond.

almidón [m] starch.

almidonar to starch.

almirante [m] admiral.

almohada pillow. || Lo voy a consultar con la almohada. I'm going to sleep on it (i.e., think it over).

almohadón [m] cushion.

almorzar [rad-ch I] to lunch, breakfast.

almuerzo lunch, noon meal; breakfast.

alocado reckless Es un muchacho muy alocado. He's a reckless young fellow.

alojamiento lodging.

alojar to put up, lodge, quarter.

alpargata espadrille (sandal with fiber sole and canvas upper).

alquilar to rent, hire Alquilaron una casa. They rented a house. ▲ to let Se alquilan habitaciones. Rooms for rent.

alquiler [m] rent, price of rent.

alrededor ° alrededor de around Estaban sentados alrededor de la mesa. They were sitting around the table. ▲ about Costó alrededor de treinta pesos. It cost about thirty pesos. ° alrededores [m pl] outskirts, surroundings.

altar [m] altar.

altavoz [m] loudspeaker.

alteración [f] alteration, change Tenemos que hacer algunas alteraciones en nuestros planes. We have to make some changes in our plans. ▲ strong emotion Daba muestras de gran alteración. He showed signs of great emotion. ° alteración del orden tumult, public disorder Hubo alteraciones del orden en todo el país. There were disorders all over the country.

alterar to change, transform Su venida alteró completamente nuestra vida. His coming changed our lives completely. ° alterarse to get excited No se altere Ud. que no es nada. Don't get excited; it's nothing.

alternar to alternate, take turns.

alternativa [f] alternative.

alto high, tall ¿Qué es aquel edificio tan alto? What's that very tall building? ▲ high (in rank) Habló con un alto empleado del Ministerio de Hacienda. He talked to a high official of the Treasury Department. ▲ high Los precios son muy altos en esta tienda. Prices are very high in this store. ▲ loud No hables tan alto. Don't talk so loud. ° a altas horas de la noche very late at night Volvió a altas horas de la noche. He returned very late at night. ° altos upper story Viven en los altos de aquella casa. They live in the upper story of that house. ° lo alto top La casa está en lo alto de la colina. The house is on top of the hill. ° pasar por alto to overlook, forget Hemos pasado por alto muchos puntos importantes. We've overlooked many important facts.

alto ° hacer alto to stop, halt Hicimos alto en el camino para almorzar. We stopped along the way to have lunch. — Los soldados hicieron alto a la entrada del pueblo. The soldiers halted at the entrance to the town. || ¡Alto! Halt! or Stop!

altura height, altitude, elevation No me encuentro bien a tanta altura. I don't feel well at such a high altitude.

aludir a to allude to, refer to.

alumbrado See alumbrar. ▲ lighting, lighting system Hay muy poco alumbrado en esta parte de la ciudad. The lighting's poor in this part of the city.

alumbrar to give light Los faroles de la calle no alumbran bastante. The street lamps don't give enough light. ▲ to light, illuminate ¿Puede alumbar el camino? Can you light the way?

alumno pupil, student.

alusión [f] allusion, reference; hint.

alzar to lift, raise No alzó los ojos del libro. He didn't raise his eyes from the book. ° alzarse to rise, revolt Se alzaron contra el gobierno. They revolted against the government. ▲ to get up. ° alzarse con to lift, steal, swipe Se alzó con el dinero. He stole the money. amabilidad [f] kindness.

amable kind, amiable.

amanecer to dawn En verano amanece más temprano que en invierno. In the summer it dawns earlier than in the winter.

amanecer [m] daybreak, dawn.

amanecida ° a la amanecida at daybreak, at dawn.

amante [adj] loving. ▲ [n] lover; mistress.

amapola poppy.

amar to love.

amargado (see amargar) embittered Ese tipo está amargado. That guy's very embittered.

amargar to make bitter, make miserable Amarga la vida de todos los que le rodean. He makes life miserable for everyone around him.

amargo bitter.

amargor [m] bitterness No podía soportar el amargor del café. He couldn't stand the bitterness of the coffee.

amargura bitterness Sus desgracias le causaron una gran amargura. His misfortunes caused him great bitterness.

amarillo yellow.

amarrar to tie, fasten.

ambición [f] (excessive) ambition.

ambicioso overambitious.

ambiente [m] atmosphere, environment.

ambulancia ambulance.

amén amen. || Dice a todo amén. He's a yes-man.

amenaza threat, menace.

amenazar to threaten, menace.

americana coat (of a man's suit) [Sp].

amigo, amiga friend Es una amiga mía. She's a friend of mine.

amistad [f] friendship. ° hacer amistad to become friends, make friends (with) Pronto hicieron amistad. They soon became friends. — Hizo amistad con Juan. He made friends with John. ° hacer amistades to get acquainted En poco tiempo hizo amistades allí. He got acquainted there in a short time.

amistoso friendly.

amo, ama owner, proprietor Hablamos con el amo de la casa. We talked with the owner of the house. ▲ boss No se lo digas al amo. Don't tell the boss.

amontonar to heap, pile up.

amor [m] love Le gusta hablar de amor. He likes to talk of love. ▲ love, heartthrob Ha encontrado un nuevo amor. He's found a new love. ▲ love, darling Sí, mi amor. Yes, darling. ° amor propio self-esteem, pride Tiene un amor propio excesivo. He has too much pride.

amoscarse to become peeved or irked Se ha amoscado con tus palabras. He was peeved by what you said.

amotinarse to mutiny.

amparo aid; protection.

ampliación [f] enlargement Quiero una ampliación de esta fotografía. I want an enlargement of this photograph.

ampliar to enlarge, amplify, extend.

amplio ample, roomy, large.

amueblar to furnish, supply with furniture Amueblaron la casa con todo lujo. They furnished the house very luxuriously.

analfabeto [adj, n] illiterate.

análisis [m or f] analysis.

analizar to analyze.

anarquía anarchy.

ancho wide, broad ¿Cree Ud. que el camino es bastante ancho para automóviles? Do you think the road's wide enough for cars? ▲ too big, too wide Este traje me está ancho. This suit's too big for me. ▲ width, breadth ¿Qué ancho tiene la tela? What's the width of the material? ° a sus anchas at ease, comfortable.

anciano aged, very old (of people).

ancla anchor.

andada hike [Am] Dimos la gran andada para llegar a la cumbre. We took a long hike up to the summit.

andalón [m] wanderer, gadabout [Am] Eres muy andalón, muchacho. You're a great gadabout, my boy.

andar [irr] to walk, go on foot Es demasiado lejos para ir andando. It's too far to walk. ▲ to go, move El tren echó a andar. The train began to move. ▲ to run, go, work ¿Anda ese reloj? Is that clock going? ° andar andando to roam around [Mex, Col] He andado andando todo el día. I've been chasing around all day. ° andar cerca to come close to No se sacó el premio, pero le anduvo cerca. He didn't win the prize, but he came close to it. ° andar en to be going on [Am] El niño anda en siete años. The child's going on seven. ° andarse por las ramas to beat around the bush. || ¡Anda! Move on! or Get up! or Go ahead! || ¡Ándale! Go on! or Go to it! [Am] andarivel [m] cable ferry, aerial cable car [Am]. ▲ rail, fence [Arg] El jinete cayó cerca del andarivel. The jockey fell right by the rail.

andén [m] (railroad) platform.

angosto narrow.

ángulo angle.

anillo ring Le regaló un anillo de brillantes. He gave her a diamond ring.

animación [f] animation, liveliness La animación de la reunión me sorprendió. The liveliness of the gathering surprised me.

animado (see animar) lively, animated.

animal [m] animal. ▲ jackass, stupid person ¡No seas animal! Don't be a jackass!

animar to cheer, encourage Vamos a animar a los jugadores. Let's encourage the players. ▲ to pep up Su llegada animó la fiesta. His arrival pepped up the party. ° animar a to encourage to, urge to Le estoy animando a que venga con nosotros. I'm urging him to come with us.

ánimo (state of) mind, spirits Estaba de buen ánimo. He was in good spirits. ▲ courage. ° dar ánimos to encourage, cheer up Le dio ánimos porque estaba decaído. She cheered him up because he was depressed.

aniversario [m] anniversary.

anoche last night.

anochecer [-zc-] to grow dark, get dark Ahora anochece a las cinco. It gets dark at five now.

anochecer [m] dusk, nightfall.

ansiedad [f] anxiety.

ansioso anxious, eager, impatient Estoy ansioso de conocerla. I'm anxious to meet her.

anteanoche night before last.

anteayer day before yesterday.

anteojos [m pl] eyeglasses, spectacles.

antepasado [adj] before last El año antepasado fuimos a Europa. The year before last we went to Europe. ▲ [m] ancestor, ancestress.

anterior previous, last.

antes before Ya se lo dije a Ud. antes. I told you that before. ▲ formerly Esta calle tenía otro nombre antes. This street used to have another name. ° antes de before Comamos antes de ir. Let's eat before we go. ° antes que before Salieron antes que nosotros llegásemos. They left before we arrived.

ante todo above all, first of all Ante todo no olvide escribirme. Above all, don't forget to write me.

anticipar to advance, lend Me anticipó treinta pesos. He lent me 30 pesos. ▲ to advance Anticiparon la fecha de la fiesta. They advanced the date of the party. ° anticiparse to arrive ahead of time Se anticiparon media hora. They arrived half an hour early. ▲ to get ahead of Se me anticipó. He got ahead of me.

antiguo former; old, ancient. ° a la antigua in an old-fashioned way Le gusta vestir a la antigua. She likes to dress in an old-fashioned way.

antipatía dislike Me tiene antipatía. He dislikes me.

antipático disagreeable Es un hombre muy antipático. He's a very disagreeable man.

antojarse || Hace todo lo que se le antoja. She does whatever comes into her mind. || Lo hago porque se me antoja. I do it because I take a notion to.

anunciar to announce; to advertise.

anuncio advertisement; announcement; notice.

añadir to add (to).

año year. ° año bisiesto leap year. ° año nuevo new year Feliz año nuevo. Happy New Year. ° tener ... años to be ... years old Tengo veinte años. I'm twenty years old.

apagar to put out, extinguish Apague Ud. la luz. Put out the light. ° apagarse to go out Se apagaron las luces. The lights went out.

apagón [m] blackout.

aparato apparatus, set Vende aparatos de radio. He sells radio sets.

aparecer [-zc-] to show up, turn up No apareció. He didn't show up.

aparición [f] appearance (presence) Le sorprendió la aparición repentina de su amigo. He was surprised by the sudden appearance of his friend. ▲ apparition.

apariencia appearance, looks No me gusta su apariencia. I don't like his looks.

apartado (see apartar) distant, far away. ° apartado (de correos) post office box.

apartamiento apartment [Am].

apartar to separate, divide.

aparte separate Eso es cuestión abarte. That's a separate question. ▲ aside. separately Ponga este paquete aparte. Put this package aside. apearse to get off Se prohibe apearse en marcha. Don't get off while the vehicle's in motion.

apellido (family) name.

apenado sorry, grieved Estaban apenados por la enfermedad de su tía. They were grieved by the illness of their aunt. ▲ worried [Am] Estábamos apenados porque no recibíamos noticias. We were worried because we weren't getting any news.

apenas scarcely, hardly Apenas puede andar. He can hardly walk. ▲ as soon as Apenas llegue, avíseme. Let me know as soon as he comes.

apertura opening (of exhibition, public event).

apetito appetite.

apiñado gathered in a crowd La gente está apiñada para ver el desfile. ▲ crowd of people gathered to see the parade.

apio celery.

aplanar to smooth, flatten. ° aplanarse to be in low spirits, get depressed Se aplanó después del fracaso. He got very depressed after his failure.

aplastar to crush Aplastaron toda resistencia. They crushed all resistance. ▲ to flatten Le aplastaron las narices. They flattened his nose. ° aplastarse to flatten oneself Se aplastaron contra la pared. They flattened themselves against the wall.

aplaudir to applaud.

aplauso applause.

aplicado (see aplicar) studious, industrious Es un estudiante muy aplicado. He's very studious.

aplicar to apply, put on Le aplicaron a la silla una capa de pintura. They put a coat of paint on the chair. ° aplicarse to apply oneself.

aplomo self-possession, poise Tiene mucho aplomo. He has a lot of poise.

apoderarse de to take possession of, seize.

apodo nickname.

aporrear to beat up, club.

apostar to bet ¿Cuánto apuesta Ud.? How much do you bet? ° apostar a que to bet that Apuesto a que llego yo antes de Ud. I bet I get there before you.

apoyar to rest, prop Apoye el pie en ese escalón. Rest your foot on that step. ▲ to back, support, second Nadie apoyó su proposición. No one supported his motion. — Apoyo la proposición. I second the motion. ° apoyarse to support oneself, lean Se apoya en un bastón. He's leaning on a cane.

apoyo prop, support.

aprecio esteem, respect, liking Le tengo mucho aprecio. I have great respect for him.

aprender to learn.

apresurar to hasten, hurry No apresure el paso; llegaremos a la hora. Don't walk so fast; we'll get there on time. ° apresurarse to hurry up Haga el favor de apresurarse; ya llegamos tarde. Please hurry; we're late already.

apretar [rad-ch I] to tighten Apriete este tornillo. Tighten this screw. ▲ to be too tight on Me aprieta mucho este cuello. This collar's too tight. ▲ to press down on, put pressure on, compress Apretó para cerrar la maleta. He pressed down on the suitcase to close it. ▲ to grip Me apretó la mano. He gripped my hand. ▲ to clench (fist or teeth). ▲ to go faster, sprint El corredor apretó en la última vuelta. The runner sprinted on the last lap.

apretazón [f] crowd [Am] Era tanta la apretazón que nadie vio nada. There was such a crowd that nobody saw anything.

aprieto jam, tight spot Se vio en un aprieto. He found himself in a tight spot.

aprisa swiftly, fast, quickly Hace todo muy aprisa. He does everything very quickly.

aprobación [f] approval.

aprobar to approve of No apruebo su conducta. I don't approve of his conduct. ▲ to pass (an examination) ¿Aprobó Ud. en el examen de matemáticas? Did you pass your math exam?

aprontar to advance [Am] El patrón tuvo que aprontarle algún dinero. The boss had to advance him some money.

aprovechar to profit by, make use of Aprovechaba todos los restos. She made use of all the left-overs. ° aprovecharse de to take advantage of No dejes que se aproveche de tí. Don't let him take advantage of you.

aprovisionar to supply, provision.

aproximarse to approach, move near No se aproxime Ud. demasiado al fuego. Don't go too near the fire.

apuesta bet, wager. apunarse to become ill from altitude [Am].

apuntar to aim Apunta demasiado bajo para dar en el blanco. You're aiming too low to hit the target. ▲ to jot down, make a note of Apúntelo en su cuaderno de notas. Jot it down in your notebook.

apurar to drain, drink up, consume Apuraron las copas. They drained their glasses. ▲ to smoke to the end. ° apurar(se) to worry La situación me apura mucho. The situation worries me very much. — No se apure Ud. Don't worry. ▲ to hurry ¡Apúrate niña! Hurry up, child! — ¡Apúrale! Hurry up! [Am].

apuro jam, tight spot, fix Estoy en gran apuro. I'm in a jam.

aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas [adj] that, these Compré aquella bufanda que vimos ayer. I bought that scarf we looked at yesterday.

aquél, aquélla, aquéllos, aquéllas [pron] that (one), these Prefiero este libro a aquél. I like this book better than that one.

aquello [neu pron] that (thing) ¿Qué es aquello? What's that?

aquí here No está aquí. He isn't here. ° aquí dentro in here Les espero aquí dentro. I'll wait for you in here. ° de aquí en adelante from now on De aquí en adelante tendremos que gastar menos. From now on we'll have to spend less money. ° por aquí here, this way Venga Ud. por aquí. Come this way.

arado plow.

araña spider.

arañar to scratch.

arañazo scratch.

arar to plow.

araucano [adj, n] Araucanian.

arbitro arbitrator, umpire, referee.

árbol tree.

arbusto bush, shrub.

archivar to file, put in a file.

arco arch; bow (for arrows). ° arco iris rainbow.

arder to burn (be in flames) La leña mojada no arde bien. Wet firewood doesn't burn well. ▲ to burn (with fever).

ardido burned up, sore [Am] Me tiene ardido con lo que me dijo. I was burned up by what he said.

ardiente [adj] burning.

ardilla squirrel.

arena sand.

arenoso sandy.

arenque [m] herring.

arepa arepa (corn griddle cake) [Am].

argumento argument, logic, premises No me convencen sus argumentos. His arguments don't convince me. ▲ plot, story No me gustó el argumento de la película. I didn't like the plot of the movie.

árido arid, dry, barren.

aristocracia aristocracy.

arma weapon Se prohibe llevar armas. It's forbidden to carry arms.

armadura armor; framework.

armar to arm Armaron al pueblo. They armed the people. ▲ to assemble, put together Hay que armar esta máquina. The machine has to be assembled. ° armar jaleo to make a racket Anoche armaron mucho jaleo. They made a big racket last night. ° armarse to balk [Am] Las mulas se armaron a medio camino. The mules balked halfway there. ° armarse de to arm or provide oneself with Se armó de una pistola. He armed himself with a pistol. ▲ to build up [Am] Se armó de un buen negocio en poco tiempo. He built up a good business in a short time. || Siempre arma líos. He's always making a mess of things.

armario closet, wardrobe.

armonía harmony.

arqueo balance (in accounting).

arquitecto architect.

arquitectura architecture.

arrabal [m] suburb, outskirts.

arrancado broke [Am] Siempre está arrancado a fin de mes. He's always broke at the end of the month.

arrancar to root out, pull out, tear out Han arrancado tres páginas. Three pages have been torn out. ▲ to start Vimos arrancar el automóvil. We saw the car start.

arranque [m] sudden impulse En un arranque me volví a mi pueblo. On a sudden impulse I returned to my home town. ▲ starter Este automóvil tiene arranque automático. This car has a self-starter.

arrastrado (see arrastrar) low, contemptible ¡Qué tipo tan arrastrado! What a heel ! ▲ bootlicker, yes-man [Am] Consigue todo porque es muy arrastrado. He gets everything because he's a bootlicker. arrastrar to drag, drag along Le arrastró la corriente. He was dragged along by the current. ▲ to touch the floor or ground, drag Cuidado, le arrastra el abrigo. Be careful, your coat's dragging. ° arrastrarse to crawl, creep, drag oneself Salieron de la cueva arrastrándose. They crawled out of the cave.

arreglar to arrange, adjust, settle ¿Está todo arreglado para el viaje? Is everything arranged for the trip? ▲ to fix Creo que arreglarán el radio esta tarde. I think they'll fix the radio this afternoon. ° arreglarse to tidy up, dress, put make-up on Arréglate un poco y valuónos al cine. Tidy up a bit and we'll go to the movies. ° arreglárselas para to manage to ¿Cómo me las arreglaré para terminar a tiempo? How can I manage to finish on time?

arreglo arrangement, settlement, agreement; alteration. ° con arreglo a according to, in accordance with Lo hicimos con arreglo a sus instrucciones. We did it according to your instructions.

arrendar [rad-ch I] to rent, let ¿Quiere Ud. arrendar su casa? Do you want to rent your house? ▲ to rent, hire Necesito arrendar una habitación. I want to rent a room.

arrepentirse [rad-ch II] to be sorry for, regret Se arrepentirá Ud. de esto. You'll be sorry for this.

arrestar to arrest, imprison.

arriba up, above Viven dos pisos más arriba. They live two flights up. ▲ upstairs Los dormitorios están arriba. The bedrooms are upstairs. ° arriba de beyond, past (on higher level) Es más arriba de la plaza. It's past the square. ° boca arriba, panza arriba, patas arriba face up, on one's or its back. ° cuesta arriba uphill. ° de arriba abajo from top to bottom, from head to foot Le miró de arriba abajo. He looked him up and down. ° desde arriba from above Desde arriba se veía el río. From above one could see the river. ° hacia arriba up, upwards El coche iba hacia arriba. The car was going up. ° para arriba up, upward Vamos para arriba. Let's go up. ° por arriba at or around the top, up there El sombrero estaba sucio por arriba. The hat was dirty around the top.

arriesgar to risk, hazard No le importa arriesgar la vida. He doesn't mind risking his life. ° arriesgarse to take risks Si no nos arriesgamos no haremos nada. If we don't take risks we'll never get anything done.

arrimar to place or put near or close No arrimes tanto la mesa a la pared. Don't put the table so close to the wall. || ¡Arrima el hombro! Give me a hand!

arrinconar to neglect; to pigeonhole; to corner.

arrodillarse to kneel.

arrogante arrogant, haughty, proud.

arrojar to throw, hurl, cast Se prohibe arrojar objetos por la ventanilla. Don't throw things out the window.

arrollar to coil Hay que arrollar esa cuerda. That rope has to be coiled. ▲ to trample, run over Fueron arrollados por la multitud. They were trampled by the crowd.

arroyo brook.

arroz [m] rice.

arrugar to wrinkle, crumple.

arruinar to ruin (financially) Ese hombre los ha arruinado completamente. That man ruined them completely. ° arruinarse to be ruined (financially) Con esos negocios se ha arruinado. He was ruined by that business.

arte [m or f] art ¿Le interesa el arte? Are you interested in art? — Las bellas artes. Fine arts. ▲ skill Presenta sus argumentos con mucho arte. He presents his arguments with great skill. ▲ craft, cunning.

arteria artery.

articulación [f] joint.

artículo article, news article Lea el artículo de la página dos. Read the article on page two. ° artículos things, goods Venden artículos de deportes. They sell sporting goods.

artificial artificial.

artista [m, f] artist.

artístico artistic.

arveja green pea [Am].

as [m] ace, star; ace (cards).

asado See asar. ▲ [m] roast.

asaltar to assault, attack, hold up.

asamblea assembly, convention.

asar to roast Vamos a asar las castañas. Let's roast the chestnuts. ° asarse to be roasting, be uncomfortably warm Se asa uno en este cuarto. It's roasting in this room.

ascender [rad-ch I] to ascend, go up El globo ascendió lentamente. The balloon went up slowly. ▲ to be promoted Ascendió tres veces en un año. He was promoted three times in one year. ° ascender a to amount to La cuenta ascendía a cuatrocientos pesos. The bill amounted to 400 pesos.

ascensor [m] (passenger) elevator.

ascensorista [m, f] elevator operator.

asco nausea, disgust Rechazó la comida con asco. He refused the food with disgust. ° dar asco to disgust Esas cosas me dan asco. Those things disgust me. ° estar hecho un asco to be very dirty, be filthy No te acerques, estás hecho un asco. Don't come near me; you're filthy. ° hacer ascos to turn up one's nose Le hace ascos a todo. He turns up his nose at everything.

asegurar to secure, fasten (with rope or strap) Aseguró con una cuerda la carga del caballo. He fastened the horse's pack with a rope. ▲ to assure Le aseguro que todo estará preparado a tiempo. I assure you everything will be ready on time. ▲ to affirm, maintain Asegura que es cierto. He maintains it's true. ▲ to insure El equipaje está asegurado. The baggage is insured. ° asegurarse to make sure Asegúrense primero de que la información es cierta. First make sure the information's correct. ▲ to get insured Se aseguró contra accidentes. He took out accident insurance.

asesinar to murder.

asesinato murder.

asesino assassin, murderer.

así so, that way Así es. That's the way it is. ▲ in this manner, this way Lo debe Ud. hacer así. You must do it this way. ▲ therefore, and so Así, decidieron actuar inmediatamente. And so they decided to act immediately. ° así, así so so ¿Cómo está Ud.?" "Así, así." "How are you?" "So so." ° así como así without reason No lo digo así como así. I don't say it without reason. ° así que as soon as, after Así que llegue le avisaré. I'll let you know as soon as I get there.

asiento seat, chair Tome Ud. asiento. Take a seat.

asilo orphanage; home (for aged).

asimismo likewise, too, in the same way Asimismo lo creo yo. I think so too.

asistencia attendance, presence Su asistencia no es necesaria. Your attendance isn't necessary. ▲ assistance, help.

asistir to assist, help, take care of Le asistí en su enfermedad. I took care of him during his illness. ° asistir a to attend, be present at ¿Asistió Ud. a la reunión? Were you present at the meeting?

asno ass, donkey.

asociación [f] association, club.

asociado See asociar. ▲ [n] associate, partner.

asociar to associate.

asolear to dry in the sun Hay que asolear la ropa. The wash'll have to be put in the sun to dry. ° asolearse to take a sun bath [Am] Estuvieron asoleándose en la playa. They were taking a sun bath on the beach.

asomar to put out (one's head, hand, etc) Asomó la cabeza por la ventana. He put his head out of the window. ° asomarse a to lean out of Se prohibe asomarse al exterior. It's forbidden to lean out of windows.

asombrar to astonish, amaze Asombra a todo el mundo por su ingenio. He amazes everybody by his cleverness. ° asombrarse de to wonder at, be astonished by, be amazed at Me asombra que diga Ud. eso. I'm amazed that you say that.

asombroso wonderful, astonishing.

áspero rough, harsh Esa tela es muy áspera. That cloth's very rough.

aspiración [f] ambition.

aspirar to aspire.

asqueroso filthy, nasty, mean, low.

astilla chip; splinter. ° astillas [pl] kindling.

astucia [f] cunning.

astuto astute, crafty.

asumir to assume, take on Asumió todas las responsabilidades. He assumed full responsibility.

asunto subject ¿Cuál es el asunto de esa comedia? What's the subject of that play? ▲ affair, business No se meta Ud. en mis asuntos. Don't meddle in my affairs. or Mind your own business.

asustar to frighten Me asustaron sus gritos. Your screams frightened me. ° asustarse to be frightened Se asusta de los ruidos fuertes. She's frightened by loud noises.

atacar to attack. atado See atar. ▲ [m] bundle, parcel [Am].

atajar to overtake, catch up with Por este camino les atajaremos. If we go this way we'll catch up with 'em. ▲ to interrupt, cut short Le atajó cutiéndole que no. He cut him short by saying no.

atajo short cut, shorter road.

ataque [m] attack, assault; attack, fit.

atar to tie, lace, bind Átate bien los zapatos. Lace your shoes up tight. ° atar cabos to put two and two together Aoírlo, até cabos. When I heard that I put two and two together.

atarantado dizzy He bailado tanto que estoy atarantada. I've danced so much that I'm dizzy.

atareado busy.

ataúd [m] coffin, casket.

atención [f] attention El anunciador pidió atención. The announcer called for attention. ° atenciones [pl] kindness Nunca olvidaré sus atenciones. I'll never forget your kindness. ° llamar la atención to attract attention Le gusta llamar la atención. She likes to attract attention. ▲ to reprimand Le llamé la atención por su falta de respeto. I reprimanded him for his insolence.

atender [rad-ch I] to attend, wait on El dependiente los atendió en seguida. The clerk waited on them immediately. ▲ to pay attention Haz el favor de atender a lo que te digo. Please pay attention to what I'm saying. ▲ to look after, take care of Atiende muy bien a sus invitados. He takes very good care of his guests.

atenerse a [irr] to depend on, rely on (accept as valid) No sé a que atenerme. I don't know what to depend on.

atentado assassination (attempted or successful); attempt (to overthrow by violence) Se cometió un atentado contra la vida del presidente. There was an attempt on the life of the president.

atento polite, courteous; attentive. || Su atento seguro servidor. Very truly yours.

aterrar to terrify.

atinar to hit the mark. ▲ to guess (right) Atinó el dinero que yo tenía en el bolsillo. He guessed the amount of money I had in my pocket. ° atinar a to succeed in No atinó a explicar lo que quería. He didn't succeed in explaining what he wanted. ° atinar con to find (hit upon) No atino con el ojo de la cerradura. I can't find the keyhole.

atleta [m, f] athlete.

atlético athletic.

atmósfera atmosphere.

atol, atole [m] atol, atole (a hot nonalcoholic drink widely used in Mexico and Central America).

atolondrado scatter-brained No he visto una persona más atolondrada. I've never seen such a scatterbrain.

atontado foolish, stupid No seas atontado. Don't be so foolish.

atormentar to torment, torture.

atornillar to screw, turn a screw.

atracción [f] attraction.

atractivo attractive, charming ¡Que mujer tan atractiva! What an attractive woman! ▲ [m] charm, appeal Es muy bonita pero no tiene atractivo. She's very pretty but she has no appeal.

atraer [irr] to attract, charm.

atrás back Está allí atrás con unos amigos. She's back there with some friends. ° dar marcha atrás to go into reverse, back up No dé marcha atrás que hay un árbol. Don't back up; there's a tree behind you. ° hacia atrás back, backward Miró hacia atrás. He looked back. ° quedarse atrás to stay behind, fall behind Se ha quedado atrás con unos amigos. She stayed behind with some friends.

atrasado (see atrasar) backward, behind (in work, studies, etc).

atrasar to delay, detain Esto atrasa mucho mi viaje. This'll delay my trip a long time. ▲ to put back (watch or clock) Tengo que atrasar mi reloj, está muy adelantado. I have to set my watch back; it's very fast. ▲ to go or be slow, lose time Mi reloj atrasa diez minutos al día. My watch loses ten minutes a day. ° atrasarse to remain or get behind, lose time Creo que nos atrasamos en este trabajo. I think we're getting behind in this work.

atraso backwardness El atraso de ese paí es bien conocido. The backwardness of that country's well known. ▲ delay.

atravesar [rad-ch I] to pierce La bala le atravesó el brazo. The bullet pierced his arm. ▲ to cross He atravesado el Atlántico varias veces. I've crossed the Atlantic several times. ° atravesarse to stop crosswise Se atravesó un camión en la carretera. A truck stopped crosswise in the middle of the road. atreverse to dare, venture No se atreve a decírmelo. He doesn't dare to tell me.

atribuir to attribute.

atrocidad [f] atrocity; horrible or terrible thing ¡Qué atrocidad! What a horrible thing!

atropellar to run over, knock down Le atropello un auto. An automobile ran over him. ° atropellarse to rush through Si quiere Ud. hacer el trabajo bien, no se atropelle. If you want to do a good job, don't rush through it.

atropello abuse, outrage No podemos tolerar tal atropello. We can't tolerate such an outrage. ▲ accident (in which a pedestrian is injured) Tres peatones fueron víctimas de un atropello. Three pedestrians were victims of an accident.

atroz terrible, atrocious ¡Fué una cosa atroz! It was a terrible thing!

aturdir to rattle Me aturde tanto ruido. So much noise rattles me. ° aturdirse to be stunned Se aturdió y no supo que contestar. He was stunned and didn't know what to answer.

audacia audacity, boldness.

audaz bold, daring.

auditorio audience, listeners.

aumentar to increase Han aumentado los sueldos. They've increased the salaries.

aumento increase.

aun, aún still Aun podemos llegar a tiempo. We can still get there on time. ▲ even Ni aun ahora sería posible. Even now it wouldn't be possible. ▲ yet No ha venido aún. He hasn't come yet. ° aun cuando even though, even if Aun cuando no venga tendremos que empezar. Even if he doesn't come we'll have to begin.

aunque though, even if Aunque no he nacido en el país, lo conozco muy bien. Though I wasn't born in the country, I know it very well.

ausencia absence.

ausentarse to leave, absent oneself Se ausentó de la clase porque se sentía enfermo. He left the class because he was feeling sick.

ausente absent. ▲ [n] one who is absent.

auténtico authentic.

auto auto, car ¿Hay bastante sitio en el auto para todos? Is there enough room in the car for everybody?

autobús [m] bus ¿Qué es más barato, el autobús o el tranvía? Which is cheaper, the bus or the street car?

automático automatic. ▲ [m] snap (for clothing).

automóvil [m] automobile.

autor [m] author.

autora authoress.

autoridad [f] authority, power No supo mantener su autoridad. He couldn't maintain his authority. ° autoridades authorities, government Han dado parte a las autoridades. They reported it to the authorities.

autorizar to authorize.

auxiliar to aid, help, assist.

avanzar to move forward El coche avanzaba muy despacio. The car moved very slowly. ▲ to advance, make progress, get ahead No avanzamos nada en nuestro trabajo. We're not making any progress in our work.

avaro stingy, miserly. ▲ [n] miser.

ave [m] bird, fowl.

avena oats.

avenida avenue. ▲ flood Las avenidas han estropeado la cosecha. The floods ruined the crops.

avenirse [irr] to agree Se avino a lo que le dijeron. He agreed to what they said.

aventajado promising Es un muchacho muy aventajado. He's a very promising young man.

aventajar to get ahead, to surpass Aventaja a todos en el trabajo. He gets ahead of everybody in his work.

aventura adventure; risk, chance.

aventurar to risk, hazard ¡No se aventure! Don't risk it!

aventurero adventurous; adventurer.

avergonzar [rad-ch I] to shame, to make (someone) ashamed Avergonzó a toda su familia con su conducta. He shamed his whole family by his conduct. ° avergonzarse to be ashamed Después de decirlo se avergonzó. After he said it, he was ashamed.

avería damage El mecánico arregló la avería sin demora. The mechanic repaired the damage without delay.

averiarse to be damaged, be spoiled Con la lluvia se averió el cargamento. The shipment was damaged by the rain.

averiguar to find out.

aviación [f] aviation.

aviador [m] aviator.

ávido eager, anxious Estaba ávido de noticias. He was eager for news.

avión [m] airplane, plane. avisar to notify, inform Hay que avisar a la policía. We have to notify the police. ▲ to warn, advise, counsel Es la última vez que te aviso. I'm warning you for the last time.

aviso announcement, notice, warning Aviso al público. Notice to the public.

avispa wasp.

avivar to revive (make bright) Avivaron el fuego echando más leña. They revived the fire by putting on more wood. ° avivar el ojo to keep one's eyes open, look sharp ¿Por qué no avivas el ojo? Why don't you keep your eyes open? ° avivar el paso to step lively Avive el paso; es muy tarde. Step lively; it's very late. ° avivarse to wake up, to cheer up Avívate; estás como dormido. Wake up; you're half asleep.

¡ay! oh! ouch!

ayer yesterday.

ayuda help, aid, assistance Necesito ayuda en esto. I need help with this.

ayudar to aid, help, assist Quiero ayudarle a llevar los paquetes. I want to help him carry the packages.

ayunar to fast.

ayunas ° en ayunas hungry, fasting, on an empty stomach No fume en ayunas. Don't smoke on an empty stomach.

azada hoe.

azafate [m] tray [Am].

azafrán [m] saffron.

azahar [m] orange blossom.

azar [m] chance, risk Corramos ese azar. Let's take that chance. ▲ chance Le gustan los juegos de azar. He likes games of chance. ° al azar at random Los escogió al azar. He chose them at random.

azarar to embarrass, confuse Esto azara a cualquiera. This would embarrass anyone. ° azararse to be embarrassed Cuando se lo dije se azaró mucho. When I told him that he was very much embarrassed.

azote [m] whipping; spank; lash.

azteca [adj; n] Aztec.

azúcar [m or f] sugar.

azucarera sugar bowl. ▲ [adj] pertaining to sugar La industria azucarera. The sugar industry.

azucena white lily.

azufre [m] sulfur.

azul [adj; n] blue.

B

babucha slipper.

bacalao codfish.

bachiller [m] graduate, holder of a bachelor's degree (person possessing a Spanish degree equivalent in the U.S. to a high-school diploma plus two years of college).

bagazo pulp [Am].

bahía bay (arm of sea).

bailar to dance.

bailarín [m] dancer.

bailarina [f] dancer.

baile [m] dance, ball.

baja (military) casualty El enemigo sufrió muchas bajas. The enemy suffered many casualties. ▲ fall (in price) Hubo una baja en todos los precios. There was a general fall in prices. ° dar de baja to drop out (from a list of members or subscribers) Se dio de baja del club. He dropped out of the club. — Por falta de pago, lo dieron de baja de la lista de subscriptores. For lack of payment they dropped him from the subscription list.

bajada descent, slope.

bajamar [f] low tide.

bajar to go down, descend Bajemos la escalera despacio. Let's go down the stairs slowly. ▲ to fall, drop La temperatura bajó. The temperature fell. ▲ to lower; to bring down Baje Ud. la maleta de mi cuarto. Bring the suitcase down from my room. ▲ to take down ¿Quiere ayudarme a bajar las maletas de la red? Will you help me take the suitcases down from the rack? ° bajarse to get down, get off Nos vieron al bajarse del tren. They saw us as they were getting off the train. ▲ to bend over Se bajó para atarse un zapato. He bent over to tie his shoe.

bajo low Quiero una mesa baja. I want a low table. ▲ short Es más bajo que su hermano. He's shorter than his brother. ▲ low, soft Hablaban en voz baja. They were speaking in a low voice. ▲ bass (voice, instrument) Vamos a colocar los bajos a la izquierda. Let's put the basses on the left. ▲ below La temperatura ha llegado a bajo cero. The temperature's fallen below zero. ▲ street floor, ground floor El portero vive en el bajo. The superintendent lives on the ground floor.

bala bullet, ball.

balance [m] balance; balance sheet ¿Cuál es mi balance de este mes en el banco? What's my bank balance this month?

balancearse to sway, rock, swing No se balancee en la silla; se va a romper. Don't rock in the chair; it's going to break.

balanceo [m] rocking, wobbling.

balanza scales, balance.

balazo shot Se oyeron tres balazos. Three shots were heard. ▲ bullet wound Tenía tres balazos en el pecho. He had three bullet wounds in his chest.

balcón [m] balcony.

balde [m] bucket, pail Este balde se sale. This bucket leaks. ° de balde gratis, free Dan boletos de balde. They're giving tickets free. ° en balde in vain, without success Trató en balde de hablar con ella por teléfono. He tried to get her on the phone without success.

balear to wound by gunshot [Am] Lo balearon ayer. They shot him yesterday.

balneario bathing resort.

balón [m] football.

banana banana.

banco bank ¿Puedo cobrar mi cheque en este banco? Can I cash my check in this bank? ▲ bench Todos los bancos están ocupados. All the benches are taken.

banda sash, band (wide strip of material) La falda tenía tres bandas rojas. The skirt had three red bands. — Llevaba una banda roja cruzada al pecho. He wore a red sash across his chest. ▲ band (music) Esa banda (de música) me da dolor de cabeza. That band gives me a headache. ▲ gang Una banda de ladrones actúa por esta región. A gang of thieves works these parts.

bandeja tray.

bandera flag.

bandido bandit.

banquero banker.

banqueta sidewalk [Mex]; stool.

bañar to bathe Haga el favor de bañar a los niños. Please bathe the children. ° bañarse to take a bath Voy a bañarme. I'm going to take a bath.

bañera bathtub.

bañero lifeguard.

baño bath; bathroom; bathtub.

baraja deck of cards.

barajar to shuffle (cards).

baranda banister.

barata cockroach [Ch, Peru].

barato cheap, inexpensive Es muy bonito y además barato. It's very pretty and besides it's cheap. ▲ cheaply, cheap En este almacén venden muy barato. They sell things very cheap in this store. ▲ [m] sale Hoy hay un barato en ese almacén. There's a sale today in that department store.

barba beard; chin.

barbaridad [f] any excess in speech or action Come una barbaridad. He eats too much. — No diga Ud. barbaridades. Don't talk nonsense. — Lo que hizo fué una barbaridad. What he did was an outrage. — Me gusta una barbaridad. I like her an awful lot.

bárbaro crude Es un hombre bárbaro. He's a crude man.

barbería barbershop.

barbero barber.

barca (small) boat.

barco boat, ship ¿Cuántas veces ha hecho Ud. el viaje por barco? How many times have you made the trip by boat?

barniz [m] varnish.

barnizar to varnish.

barquinazo tumble, fall [Am].

barra bar, rod Necesitamos una barra de hierro. We need an iron bar. ▲ public, spectators [Am] La barra animaba a los jugadores. The spectators cheered the players on.

barranco gorge, ravine.

barrer to sweep.

barril [m] barrel, cask.

barrio quarter, section, district.

barro mud; pimple.

base [f] basis; base.

¡basta! (See bastar) enough! stop! ¡Basta ya! He dicho que te calles. That's enough! I told you to shut up!

bastante enough, sufficient ¿Tiene Ud. bastante dinero? Do you have enough money? ▲ enough, rather Es una mujer bastante bonita. She's a rather pretty woman.

bastar to be enough No bastó la comida para todos. There wasn't enough food for all.

bastidores [m pl] ° entre bastidores behind the scenes, backstage.

basto coarse, rough El traje está hecho de material muy basto. The suit's made of very rough material.

bastón [m] cane, walking stick. basura garbage, refuse.

bata robe, bathrobe; house coat.

batalla battle.

batata sweet potato.

bate [m] baseball bat [Am].

batería battery.

batir to beat Haga el favor de batir los huevos. Please beat the eggs. ▲ to defeat Batió a su enemigo. He defeated his enemy. ° batirse to fight; to fight a duel.

baúl [m] trunk No han deschecho todavía los baúles. They haven't unpacked their trunks yet.

bautismo baptism.

bautizar to baptize.

bebé [m] baby.

beber to drink ¿Qué van a beber Uds.? What are you going to drink?

bebida drink, beverage.

becerro calf; calfskin.

béisbol [m] baseball (game) [Am].

beisbolista [m] baseball player [Am].

belleza beauty.

bello beautiful.

bendecir [irr] to bless ¡Qué Dios le bendiga! God bless you!

bendición [f] blessing.

bendito (see bendecir) blessed, holy.

beneficencia public charity; department of welfare.

beneficio favor No agradece los beneficios. He doesn't appreciate favors. ▲ profit Los beneficios fueron muy altos. The profits were very high.

benevolencia kindness, good will.

berenjena eggplant.

besar to kiss.

beso kiss.

bestia beast.

betabel [f] beet [Mex].

Biblia Bible.

biblioteca library.

bicarbonato bicarbonate of soda.

bicha snake.

bicicleta bicycle, bike.

bien [m] good No distingue el bien del mal. He doesn't know the difference between good and evil. ▲ [adv] well Habló muy bien. He spoke very well. ▲ very La cerveza está bien fría. The beer's very cold. ° ahora bien now then. ° bienes [m pl] property, estate Tiene muchos bienes. He has a great deal of property. ° más bien que rather Es más bien rico que pobre. He's rich rather than poor. || Está bien. All right or Correct. || Fíjese bien en lo que le digo. Pay close attention to what I tell you.

bienestar [m] well-being, comfort.

bienvenido [adj] welcome ¡Bienvenido a mi casa! Welcome to my house!

biftec [m] see bistec.

bigote [m] mustache.

billar [m] billiards, pool.

billete [m] ticket ¿Ha comprado Ud. los billetes? Have you bought the tickets? ° billete (de banco) bill Déme el dinero en billetes de a cinco y de a diez. Give me the money in fives and tens. ° billete de ida y vuelta roundtrip ticket.

biombo screen Hay que poner un biombo delante de la puerta. You have to put a screen in front of the door.

bisabuela great-grandmother.

bisabuelo great-grandfather.

bistec, biftec [m] beefsteak.

bizco cross-eyed.

bizcocho sponge cake.

blanco white ¡Ojalá hubiera comprado un traje blanco! I wish I'd bought a white dress! ▲ [m] white (person) En esta ciudad hay blancos, indios y negros. There are white people, Indians, and Negroes in this city. ▲ [m] target Dieron en él blanco. They hit the target. ° en blanco blank Deje Ud. esta hoja en blanco. Leave this sheet blank. ° hacer blanco to hit the mark Hicieron blanco tres veces. They hit the mark three times. ° tirar al blanco to shoot at the target, have target practice Los soldados tiraron al blanco por la mañana. The soldiers had target practice in the morning.

blando soft; tender.

blanquillo egg [Mex].

bloque [m] block, piece.

blusa blouse.

bobo fool; foolish ¡Hijo, no seas bobo! Son, don't be foolish!

boca mouth No abrió la boca en toda a tarde. He didn't open his mouth all afternoon. ▲ entrance (of subway, cave, etc) En la esquina está la boca del metro. The subway entrance is on the corner. ° boca abajo on one's stomach, face down El niño duerme boca abajo. The child's sleeping on his stomach. ° boca arriba on one's back, upside down Estaba echado en la playa boca arriba. He was lying on his back on the beach.

bocacalle [f] street intersection.

bocado mouthful; bit. bochorno embarrassment ¡Qué bochorno pasamos! What an embarrassing situation that was! ▲ sultry weather ¡Qué bochorno hace! What sultry weather we're having!

bochornoso embarrassing; shameful ¡Qué acción bochornosa! What a shameful action ! ▲ sultry.

bocina horn Toque la bocina para que ese auto nos deje pasar. Blow the horn so that car'll let us pass.

boda wedding.

bodega (wine) cellar, winery; storehouse; [Am] grocery store.

bofe lung. ° echar los bofes to pant, be out of breath Estoy echando los bofes. I'm out of breath.

bofetada slap.

bohemio [adj; n] Bohemian.

boina beret.

bola ball, round body or mass Deme Ud. esa bola de hierro. Give me that iron ball. ▲ ball (to play with) [Am] Compramos unas bolas de tenis. We bought some tennis balls. ▲ crowd [Mex] Había una bola de gente a la entrada del teatro. There was a crowd of people at the entrance of the theater.

boleador [m] bootblack [Mex].

boletería box office [Am].

boleto ticket [Am].

bolo drunkard [Am]. ° jugar a los bolos to bowl.

bolsa purse Llevaba una bolsa de seda. She carried a silk purse. ▲ bag Necesito una bolsa de papel para guardarlo. I need a paper bag to put it in. ▲ stock exchange No sé como están hoy las cotizaciones en la bolsa. I don't know what the quotations are on the exchange today.

bolsillo pocket; [Sp] (woman's) handbag, purse.

bomba pump Usaron una bomba para sacar el agua. They used a pump to take out the water. ▲ bomb La bomba destruyó tres casas. The bomb destroyed three houses. — ¡Cayó como una bomba! It struck like a bombshell! ° bomba de gasolina gasoline pump; filling station ¿Dónde hay una bomba de gasolina? Where is there a filling station ? ° bomba de incendios fire engine. || Se puso una bomba. He got drunk [Am].

bombero fireman (fire department).

bombilla (electric) bulb Se han fundido tres bombillas. Three bulbs have burned out.

bonaerense [adj; n] (native) of Buenos Aires.

bondad [f] kindness, goodness Le agradezco su bondad. Thank you for your kindness. ° tener la bondad (de) please Tenga la bondad de esperar un momento. Please wait a moment.

bondadoso [adj] kind.

boniato sweet potato [Sp, Cuba].

bonito pretty.

bono government bond.

boquilla cigarette holder.

bordar to embroider.

borde [m] edge, border.

bordo ° a bordo aboard (ship).

borrachera drunkenness. ° coger una borrachera to get drunk.

borracho [n, adj] drunkard; drunk.

borrar to rub out, erase.

bosque [m] forest, woods.

bostezar to yawn.

bostezo yawn.

bota boot; wine bag.

botado (See botar) cheap, inexpensive [Am] Está botado. It's dirt-cheap. ▲ lying (down) [Am] Estaba botado en la cama. He was lying on the bed.

botar to throw away [Am] Tenga cuidado, no bote esos papeles. Be careful, don't throw away those papers. ▲ to throw out, fire Le han botado de su empleo. They've fired him. ▲ to bounce [Sp] Mire cuanto bota esa pelota. Look how that ball bounces.

bote [m] boat. ▲ can, box Quiero un bote de tomates. I want a can of tomatoes. ° dar un bote to jump Cuando lo oyó dio un bote. When he heard it he jumped. ° de bote en bote crowded, jammed El teatro estaba de bote en bote. The theater was jammed.

botella bottle.

botica pharmacy.

botón [m] button.

botones [m sg] bellboy.

boxeador [m] boxer, prize fighter.

bozal [m] muzzle (for animals).

bravo fierce, wild Cuidado, es un toro bravo. Be careful, it's a fierce bull. ▲ angry, mad [Am] Se puso muy bravo. He got very mad. || ¡Bravo! Bravo!

brazo arm (of body). ° ir del brazo to go arm in arm.

brea pitch, tar. breve brief, short. ° en breve in a little while, shortly.

brillante shiny No me gusta este papel; es muy brillante. I don't like this paper; it's too shiny. ▲ [m] diamond Le regaló una pulsera de brillantes. He gave her a diamond bracelet.

brillantina brilliantine.

brillar to shine.

brillo gloss, shine.

brincar to leap, jump.

brindar to drink to a person's health, toast ¡Brindemos a su salud! Let's drink to your health!

brindis [m sg] toast (ceremony).

brisa breeze.

brocha paint brush; shaving brush.

broma joke, jest Siempre está diciendo bromas. He's always joking. ° en broma as a joke Lo dije en broma. I said it as a joke. ° tomar a broma to take lightly, take as a joke Todo lo toma a broma. He takes everything lightly.

bromear to joke Está siempre bromeando. He's always joking.

bronca fight, quarrel. ° armar una bronca to pick a quarrel, start a fight.

bronce [m] bronze.

brotar to bud, sprout.

brújula (mariner's) compass.

brusco abrupt, rough Es brusco en su manera de hablar. He's abrupt in his way of speaking.

brutal brutal.

bruto beast, brute No seas bruto. Don't be a brute.

budín [m] pudding.

buen good, kind Es un buen hombre. He's a good man.

bueno good Ese automóvil es muy bueno. That's a very good car. ▲ appropriate, good Era una buena ocasión. It was a good opportunity. ▲ well, all right No estoy muy bueno. I'm not feeling very well. ▲ well, all right, O.K. Bueno, nos veremos a las cinco. All right, we'll meet at five. ° por las buenas willingly Me lo dio por las buenas. He gave it to me willingly. || ¡Está bueno! That's enough! [Am] || Buenos días. Good morning.

buey [m] ox.

bufanda muffler, scarf.

buho owl.

bujía candle; spark plug; watt.

bulla noise, racket. ° armar bulla to make a racket Armaron una bulla terrible. They made a terrible racket.

bulto bundle Salió con un bulto de ropa en la mano. He went out with a bundle of clothes in his hand. ▲ swelling, lump Tiene un bulto en la cabeza. He has a swelling on his head. ° escurrir, huir, or sacar el bulto to duck out En cuanto vio lo que había que hacer escurrió el bulto. As soon as he saw what he had to do, he ducked out.

buque [m] ship, steamer.

burla mockery, jest. ° hacer burla to make fun of, make a fool of Le estaban haciendo burla. They were making fun of him.

burlarse de to make fun of Se burla de todo el mundo. He makes fun of everybody.

burro donkey, ass. ▲ jackass, dope ¡Qué burro eres! What a dope!

busca ° en busca de in search of.

buscar to look for, seek.

busto bust.

butaca arm chair; orchestra seat.

buzón [m] mail box Eche Ud. estas cartas en el buzón. Put these letters in the mail box.

C

¡ca! oh no! no sir!

cabal complete El juego de té no está cabal. The tea set isn't complete.

caballería cavalry; saddle horse.

caballero gentleman Es todo un caballero. He's a perfect gentleman. ▲ sir Caballero, aquí está la cuenta. Here's your bill, sir.

caballete [m] sawhorse; easel.

caballo horse. ° a caballo on horseback.

cabana cabin, hut.

cabaret [m] cabaret, night club.

cabecera head (of a bed, table); seat of honor.

cabecilla ringleader. cabello hair (of the head) Lleva el cabello suelto. She wears her hair loose.

caber [irr] to fit, be contained in No caben más cosas en el baúl. Nothing else will fit in the trunk. ▲ to go through El piano no cabe por esa puerta. The piano won't go through that door. ° no cabe duda (de que) there's no doubt (that) No cabe duda de que es inglés. There's no doubt that he's English.

cabeza head Ese chico tiene la cabeza muy grande. That child has a very large head. ▲ chief, leader, head Fué la cabeza del movimiento. He was the leader of the movement. ▲ mind, brains Este trabajo hay que hacerlo con cabeza. You have to use your brains in this work. ° de cabeza headlong, head first Se tiró de cabeza al agua. He plunged into the water head first. ▲ topsy-turvy, in a mess Los negocios andan de cabeza. Business is in a mess. ° dolor de cabeza headache. ° perder la cabeza to lose one's head Nunca pierde la cabeza. He never loses his head. || Ese proyecto no tiene pies ni cabeza. There's no rhyme or reason to that plan.

cabildo city hall.

cable [m] cable; cablegram.

cablegrama [m] cablegram.

cabo end De cabo a cabo. From end to end. — No podemos dejar cabos sueltos. We can't leave any loose ends. ▲ cape Pasaron el cabo de Buena Esperanza. They passed the Cape of Good Hope. ▲ corporal Tiene galones de cabo. He has corporal's stripes. ° dar cabo a to end, put an end to, finish Dieron cabo a la conversación. They put an end to the conversation. ° de cabo a rabo from beginning to end Conozco la historia de cabo a rabo. I know the story from beginning to end. ° llevar a cabo to carry out En seguida llevaron a cabo el proyecto. They carried out the plan right away.

cabra goat.

cacahuate [m] peanut [Am].

cacahuete [m] peanut [Sp].

cacao cacao tree; cocoa bean.

cacerola casserole.

cachivache(s) [m] junk, trash Quite de aquí estos cachivaches. Take this junk out of here.

cacho piece, hunk Deme Ud. un cacho de pan. Give me a piece of bread.

cactus [m] cactus.

cada every, each Cada día dice una cosa distinta. Every day he says something different. ° cada cual, cada uno every one Cada cual pagó su comida. Every one paid for his own meal. ° cada vez que every time, whenever Me lo pide cada vez que me ve. He asks me for it every time he sees me.

cadáver [m] corpse.

cadena chain; range (of mountains).

cadera hip.

cadete [m] cadet.

caer [irr] to fall Cayó una lluvia torrencial. A heavy rain fell. ▲ to drop Cayó de rodillas. He dropped to his knees. ▲ to be becoming to El traje le cae bien. The suit's becoming to him. ▲ to fall, come Su cumpleaños cae en domingo. His birthday falls on Sunday. ° caer enfermo (en cama) to be taken sick, fall sick Cayó enfermo hace unos días. He was taken sick a few days ago. ° caer en la cuenta to realize, notice, think of No caí en la cuenta hasta mucho después. I didn't realize it until much later. ° caerse to fall Se cayó por la escalera. She fell down the stairs. ° dejar caer to drop Tenga cuidado, no deje caer la bandeja. Be careful, don't drop the tray.

café [m] coffee; café.

cafetera coffee pot.

caída fall, drop Se quedó cojo después de la caída. He was lame after the fall. ▲ fall, collapse La oposición de la Cámara causó la caída del gobierno. The opposition of the House caused the fall of the government.

caja box, case Le regaló una caja. He gave her a box. ° caja de ahorros savings bank Ha ingresado mucho dinero en la caja de ahorros. He put a lot of money in the savings bank. ° caja de caudales, caja de hierro safe Tienen sus alhajas en la caja de caudales. They keep their jewelry in the safe. ° caja (registradora) cash register Mire lo que marca la caja. Look and see how much the cash register rings up. ° en caja on hand (of cash) Hay que ver lo que tenemos en caja. We have to see how much cash we have on hand.

cajero cashier. cajetilla pack of cigarettes Voy a comprar una cajetilla. I'm going to buy a pack of cigarettes.

cajón [m] drawer Han perdido la llave del cajón. They've lost the key to the drawer. ▲ box Recibieron un cajón de libros. They received a box of books.

cal [f] lime.

calabaza pumpkin, squash. ° dar calabazas to refuse, turn down, reject (a declaration of love) Le dio calabazas. She turned him down. ▲ to flunk Le dieron calabazas en geometría. They flunked him in geometry.

calabozo prison, cell.

calamar [m] squid.

calambre [m] cramp Le dio un calambre mientras nadaba. He got a cramp while he was swimming.

calamidad [f] disaster, calamity, misfortune.

calar to penetrate El puñal le caló hasta el corazón. The dagger penetrated to his heart. ▲ to soak through, drench Llegué a casa calado. I got home drenched. ° calarse to put on or pull down (a hat) Se caló el sombrero hasta las cejas. He pulled his hat down to his eyes.

calavera skull; madcap, rake.

calcetín [m] sock.

calcular to calculate, figure out Vamos a calcular los gastos del viaje. Let's figure out the cost of the trip.

cálculo calculation.

caldera boiler, large kettle.

caldo broth, bouillon.

calefacción [f] heating (system).

calendario calendar.

calentar to heat, warm Caliente el agua, por favor. Please heat the water. ° calentarse to get warm Se calentaron al sol. They warmed themselves in the sun.

calentura fever Está con calentura desde hace días. He's had a fever for the past few days.

calidad [f] quality ¿Es de buena calidad esta tela? Is this good material? ° en calidad de in one's capacity of, as.

caliente hot, warm Cuidado, la sopa está muy caliente. Be careful, the soup's very hot.

callado (See callar) silent, quiet ¿Por qué está Ud. tan callado? Why are you so quiet?

callar to keep quiet Calló mientras nosotros hablábamos. He kept quiet while we were talking. ▲ to conceal, keep from someone Había callado la verdad. He kept the truth from us. ° callarse to shut up Cállate, ya has hablado bastante. Shut up! You're talking too much. ▲ to stop talking, playing, singing, etc. Se callaron de repente. All of a sudden they stopped talking.

calle [f] street ¿En qué calle vive Ud.? What street do you live on? ° echar a la calle to throw out, to fire No tuve más remedio que echarle a la calle. I had no choice but to throw him out. ° quedar(se) en la calle to be left penniless Al fracasar el negocio se quedó en la calle. When his business failed he was left penniless.

callejón [m], calleja alley, lane Estamos en un callejón sin salida. We're in a blind alley.

calma calm, quiet Después de la tempestad vino la calma. There was a calm after the storm. ° con calma slowly, taking one's time Trabaja con mucha calma. He takes his time when he works.

calmar to calm, soothe, ease Estas pildoras le calmarán el dolor. These pills will ease the pain. ° calmarse to calm down No se calmó hasta mucho después. He didn't calm down until much later.

calor [m] heat No me gusta el calor. I don't like the heat. ° hacer calor to be warm (of weather) Hoy hace mucho calor. It's very warm today. ° tener calor to feel warm Tengo calor. I'm warm.

calumnia slander, false charge Todo lo que dice son calumnias. Everything he's saying is slander.

calumniar to slander.

caluroso warm, hot ¡Qué días más caluroso! What a hot day!

calva bald head; baldness.

calvicie [f] baldness (loss of hair).

calvo bald Estoy quedándome calvo. I'm getting bald.

calzada paved highway; [Am] sidewalk.

calzado shoes, footwear.

calzador [m] shoe-horn.

calzar to put on or wear (shoes) ¿Qué número calza Ud.? What size shoe do you wear? ▲ to block, chock Voy a calzar las ruedas para que no se mueva el coche. I'm going to chock the wheels so the car won't move.

calzoncillos [m pl] shorts (underwear). cama bed Hágame la cama por favor. Please make my bed. ° guardar cama, estar en cama to be confined to bed Está enfermo en cama desde hace tres meses. He's been confined to bed for the past three months.

cámara camera ¿Qué clase de cámara tiene Ud.? What kind of a camera do you have? ° cámara de comercio chamber of commerce. ° cámara de diputados chamber of deputies, house of representatives.

camarada [m, f] comrade, pal Charlaban como viejos camaradas. They were talking together like old pals.

camarera maid, chambermaid La camarera todavía no ha arreglado el cuarto. The maid hasn't made up the room yet. ▲ waitress Pídale el menú a la camarera. Ask the waitress for the menu.

camarero waiter; valet.

camarote [m] cabin, stateroom Quiero reservar un camarote de primera clase. I want to reserve a first-class stateroom.

cambiar to change No ha cambiado nada desde que le vi. He hasn't changed a bit since I saw him. ▲ to change (money) ¿Puede cambiarme un billete de diez pesos? Can you change a ten-peso bill for me?

cambio change ¿Ha habido algún cambio de política? Has there been any change in policy? ▲ small change, coins ¿Tiene Ud. cambio? Do you have any change? ▲ rate of exchange ¿Cuál es el cambio del dólar hoy? What's the rate of exchange on the dollar today? ° a cambio de in exchange for Le daré este libro a cambio de ese otro. I'll give you this book in exchange for the other one. ° en cambio on the other hand.

camilla stretcher, litter.

caminar to walk Es muy aficionado a caminar. He's very fond of walking. ° caminar con pies de plomo to move cautiously En este asunto hay que caminar con pies de plomo. You have to move cautiously in this matter.

caminata long walk, hike.

camino road, way, highway ¿Está bien el camino para ir en auto? Is the road all right to drive on? ▲ method, way No sé qué camino seguir para conseguirlo. I don't know how to go about getting it. ° ponerse en camino to start out, set out Se pusieron en camino al día siguiente. They started out the following day.

camión [m] truck; [Mex] bus.

camisa shirt. ° en mangas de camisa in one's shirt sleeves Estaba en mangas de camisa. He was in his shirt sleeves.

camisería haberdashery, store for men's wear.

camiseta undershirt.

camisón [m] nightgown.

camote [m] sweet potato [Mex, C.A.].

campamento camp Los soldados volverán pronto al campamento. The soldiers will soon return to camp.

campana bell Oímos las campanas de la iglesia. We heard the church bells.

campanada stroke of a bell or clock No he oído cuántas campanadas eran. I didn't hear how many times the clock struck.

campanilla small bell, hand bell.

campaña campaign.

campeón [m] champion.

campeonato championship.

campesino, campesina peasant.

campo country, field Vivimos durante muchos años en el campo. We lived in the country for many years. ° campo de batalla battlefield.

cana gray hair Se encontró la primera cana. She found her first gray hair. — Tiene muchas canas. She has a lot of gray hair.

canal [m] canal Pasamos por el canal de Panamá. We passed through the Panama Canal. ▲ strait, channel El barco se acercaba al canal de la Mancha. The boat was approaching the English Channel.

canario canary.

canasta wide basket Nos trajeron una canasta de fruta. They brought us a basket of fruit.

cancha court En este parque hay canchas de tenis. There are tennis courts in this park. ▲ popcorn [Am].

canción [f] song ¿Cuál es la canción que está más de moda? What's the latest song hit?

candado padlock.

candela candle Encienda la candela. Light the candle. ▲ light Déme candela para encender el cigarrillo. Give me a light for my cigarette.

candidato candidate, applicant.

candido simple-minded, innocent, gullible. canela cinnamon.

cangrejo crab (shellfish).

canje [m] exchange (publications, prisoners).

canjear to exchange Decidieron canjear los prisioneros. They decided to exchange prisoners.

canoa canoe.

cansado (see cansar) tired Estoy cansada. I'm tired. ▲ tiresome, boring Ese hombre es muy cansado. This man's very tiresome.

cansancio tiredness, fatigue Está muerto de cansancio. He's dead-tired.

cansar to tire Es un trabajo que cansa mucho. It's a very tiring job. ° cansarse to get tired Se cansa en seguida. She gets tired quickly.

cantaleta || Siempre está con la misma cantaleta. He's always harping on the same string.

cantante [m, f] singer.

cantar [m] song Quiero aprender ese cantar. I want to learn that song. ▲ [v] to sing El tenor ha cantado muy bien esta noche. The tenor sang very well tonight. ° cantar claro Tendré que cantárselo claro. I'll have to tell it to him straight from the shoulder.

cantidad [f] amount, quantity ¿Qué cantidad le debo? How much do I owe you?

cantimplora canteen, water bottle.

cantina tavern, saloon [Am]; railroad restaurant [Sp].

canto singing Es profesor de canto. He's a singing teacher. ▲ song Me gustan los cantos populares. I like folk songs.

canto edge. ° de canto on edge, on its side Ponga el libro de canto. Stand the book on edge.

caña reed, cane En Cuba se cultiva mucha caña de azúcar. A lot of sugar cane is grown in Cuba. ▲ walking stick, cane (of bamboo) Llevaba una caña. He carried a cane. ° caña de pescar fishing rod.

cañada ravine.

cañería water pipe, pipe line Tienen que arreglar la cañería; está atrancada. They have to fix the water pipe; it's clogged.

cañón [m] barrel (of a gun) Compró una escopeta de dos cañones. He bought a double-barreled shotgun. ▲ cannon, gun. ▲ canyon, gorge ¿Conoce Ud. el canon del Colorado? Have you seen the Grand Canyon?

caoba mahogany.

capa cape (clothing) Usa capa española. He wears a Spanish cape. ▲ coat La puerta necesita otra capa de pintura. The door needs another coat of paint. ° andar (or ir) de capa caída to be on the downgrade ¡Pobrecillos, andan de capa caída! Poor people, they're on the downgrade !

capacidad [f] capacity Este tanque tiene una capacidad de treinta litros. This tank has a capacity of thirty liters. ▲ capability Es un hombre de gran capacidad para los negocios. He's a very capable business man.

capataz [m] foreman Querría hablar con el capataz. I'd like to talk to the foreman.

capaz large Es una habitación bastante capaz para biblioteca. It's a room large enough for a library. ▲ capable No es capaz de una acción tan baja. He's not capable of such a low trick. ▲ able, competent Me han dicho que es una persona muy capaz. I've been told that he's a very competent person.

capellán [m] chaplain.

capilla chapel.

capital [m] capital La compañía tiene un capital de un millón de dólares. The company has a capital of a million dollars. ▲ [f] capital (city) Hicieron un viaje a la capital. They took a trip to the capital. ° pena capital capital punishment.

capitán [m] captain.

capítulo chapter He leído sólo los tres primeros capítulos. I've read only the first three chapters.

capotera hat or clothes rack [Am].

capricho whim, fancy No haga Ud. caso de sus caprichos. Don't pay any attention to her whims.

caprichoso fickle, capricious.

cápsula capsule; shell (for short firearms).

capturar to capture.

capullo bud; cocoon.

cara face Tiene una cara muy bonita. She has a very pretty face. ▲ face, front No entiendo las palabras que hay en la cara de la moneda. I don't understand the words on the face of the coin. ° cara a cara right to a person's face Se lo dijo cara a cara. He told him right to his face. ° cara o cruz heads or tails. ° dar la cara to face the music Tuvo que dar la cara. He had to face the music.

caracol [m] snail. ° escalera de caracol winding staircase.

carácter [m] character Es un hombre de muy buen carácter. He's a man of very good character. ▲ firmness, character En todo muestra que tiene carácter. Everything she does shows she has character.

característica [f] characteristic.

¡caramba! gosh darn! heavens! ¡Caramba que frío hace! Heavens, how cold it is!

caramelo candy ¿Tiene caramelos de menta? Do you have any peppermint candy?

carbón [m] coal Hay que poner más carbón en la estufa. You have to put more coal in the stove.

carbonera coal bin La carbonera está llena. The coal bin's full.

carbonero coal dealer.

carburador [m] carburetor.

carcajada burst of laughter, loud laughter Se estaban riendo a carcajadas. They were splitting their sides.

cárcel [f] jail, prison Le metieron en la cárcel. They put him in jail.

carecer [-zc-] to lack, not to have Carece del dinero necesario para viajar. He doesn't have enough money to travel.

carey [m] tortoise shell.

carga load Este mulo no puede llevar más carga. This mule can't carry a heavier load. ▲ cargo Es un barco de carga. It's a cargo ship. ▲ freight Están sacando la carga del vagón. They're taking the freight out of the car.

cargamento load; shipment.

cargar to load Cargaron el camión. They loaded the truck. ▲ to charge Hay que cargar la batería. The battery has to be charged. — La caballería cargó sobre el enemigo. The cavalry charged the enemy. ▲ to charge (to one's account) Cargo esta cantidad en su cuenta. I'm charging this amount to your bill.

caricatura caricature, cartoon.

caridad [f] charity.

cariño affection, love Le tienen mucho cariño. They're very fond of him.

cariñoso affectionate Era muy cariñoso con sus padres. He was very affectionate with his parents. || Recuerdos cariñosos a su familia. My best regards to your family.

carne [f] meat Generalmente como carne una vez al día. I usually eat meat once a day. ° carne de gallina goose flesh Con este frío se me pone la carne de gallina. This cold weather gives me goose flesh. ° carne de res beef [Am]. ° carne de vaca beef ¿Quieren Uds. carne de vaca o de cerdo? Do you want beef or pork?

carnero sheep; mutton, lamb.

carnicería meat market, butcher shop.

carnicero butcher.

caro dear, expensive Estas corbatas son muy caras. These ties are very expensive.

carpeta briefcase [Am] Necesito una carpeta de cuero. I need a leather briefcase. ▲ letter file, folder La correspondencia está guardada en varias carpetas. The correspondence is kept in several files.

carpintero carpenter.

carrera race Me gustan las carreras de caballos. I like horse races. ▲ avenue, broad street [Col] Viven en la Carrera Tercera. They live on Third Avenue. ▲ career Está preparándose para la carrera diplomática. He's preparing for a diplomatic career. ° a la carrera hastily, hurriedly Lo escribió a la carrera. He wrote it hurriedly. ° dar una carrera to sprint Dio una carrera para alcanzarlos. He sprinted to catch up to them.

carreta wagon.

carretera highway, road En este país las carreteras son magníficas. The highways in this country are excellent.

carro cart Por la carretera iba un carro de mulas. There was a mule cart on the road. ▲ car, automobile [Am] Vamos a ir en carro a la casa. We're going home by car.

carruaje [m] carriage (vehicle).

carta letter Voy a echar esta carta al correo. I'm going to mail this letter. ° a carta cabal thoroughly, in every respect Es honrado a carta cabal. He's thoroughly honest. ° a la carta á la carte. ° carta certificada registered letter Recibió una carta certificada. He received a registered letter. ° carta de crédito letter of credit. ° carta de presentación letter of introduction. ° carta de recomendación letter of recommendation. ° jugar a las cartas [Sp], jugar cartas [Am] to play cards Vamos a jugar un rato a las cartas. Let's play cards a while.

cartel [m] placard, bill, poster.

cartera bag Llevaba bajo el brazo una gran cartera de cuero. She was carrying a large leather bag under her arm. ▲ wallet Sacó la cartera del bolsillo. He took his wallet out of his pocket. ▲ briefcase ¿Caben muchos libros en esa cartera? Will that briefcase hold many books?

cartero mailman, postman ¿A qué hora viene el cartero? What time does the mailman come?

cartón [m] cardboard.

casa house. ▲ home ¿Estará Ud. en casa esta tarde? Will you be at home this afternoon? ° casa de comercio commercial house, firm. ° casa de empeño(s) pawnshop. ° casa de huéspedes boarding house. ° casa de maternidad maternity hospital (charitable institution). ° casa de socorro emergency hospital.

casado (see casar) married ¿Es Ud. casado o soltero? Are you married or single?

casamiento wedding, marriage.

casar to marry Este es el cura que los casó. This is the priest who married them. ▲ to match Estos colores no casan bien. These colors don't match well. ° casarse to marry, get married Se casará el domingo próximo. He'll be married next Sunday. ° casarse con to marry Se casó con una muchacha muy joven. He married a very young girl.

cascar to crack ¿Tiene Ud. algo con que cascar estas nueces? Have you got something to crack these nuts?

cascara rind, peel Esta naranja tiene una cascara muy gruesa. This orange has a thick rind. ▲ shell (of nuts, eggs, etc) ¿Dónde tiro estas cascaras de huevos? Where do I throw these eggshells?

cascarrabias [adj; m & f sg] irritable (person), crab(by) Te estás volviendo muy cascarrabias. You're getting to be an old crab.

casco helmet Los soldados llevaban casco de acero. The soldiers were wearing steel helmets. ▲ hull (of a ship) El casco del buque está averiado. The ship's hull is damaged. ° calentarse los cascos to rack one's brains Aunque se caliente Ud. los cascos no lo resolverá. Though you rack your brains over it, you won't solve it. ° casco de caballo horse's hoof.

caserío small village, settlement.

casero, casera landlord, landlady; building superintendent. ▲ [adj] homemade Son dulces caseros. They're homemade candies.

caseta de baños locker, bath house.

casi almost, nearly. ° casi, casi very nearly Casi, casi lo ha acertado. You very nearly guessed it.

caso case Ha habido varios casos de parálisis infantil. There have been several cases of infantile paralysis. ▲ occurrence, event Les voy a contar un caso curioso. I'm going to tell you about a strange incident. ° en tal caso in such a case En tal caso avise a su familia. In such a case, notify his family. ° en todo caso at all events, anyway En todo caso nos vemos mañana. Anyway, we'll see each other tomorrow. ° hacer caso a to pay attention to, heed, obey (a person) No hace caso a sus padres. He doesn't obey his parents. ° hacer caso de to mind, heed, pay attention to No hagas caso de lo que te cuente. Don't pay any attention to what he tells you.

castaña chestnut.

castaño chestnut tree. ▲ [adj] brown Tiene el pelo castaño. He has brown hair.

castañuela castanet.

castigar to punish No castigue a los niños. Don't punish the children.

castigo punishment.

castillo castle.

castizo correct, pure Habla un español castizo. He speaks a pure Spanish. ▲ genuine, real Es un español castizo. He's a real Spaniard.

casual accidental, chance Fué un encuentro casual. It was a chance meeting.

casualidad [f] coincidence ¡Qué casualidad encontrarle aquí! What a coincidence meeting you here! ° por casualidad by chance, by any chance ¿Por casualidad le conoce Ud.? Do you know him, by any chance?

catalogar to catalog, list.

catálogo catalog, list.

catarata cataract, waterfall; cataract (of eye).

catarro cold He cogido un catarro horrible. I've caught a terrible cold,

catástrofe [f] catastrophe.

catedral [f] cathedral. catedrático professor Es catedrático en la Universidad Nacional. He's a professor at the National University.

categoría class, category Los dos no son de la misma categoría. The two are not in the same category. ▲ rank No tiene categoría para ese puesto. His rank isn't high enough for that position. ° de categoría of importance Es un hombre de categoría. He's a man of importance.

catolicismo Catholicism.

católico [adj, n] Catholic.

catorce fourteen.

catre [m] cot.

caucho rubber (material).

caudal [m] fortune, wealth, means Ha aumentado mucho el caudal de esa familia. The family fortune has increased a great deal. ▲ volume (of water) El río lleva un gran caudal. The river carries a huge volume of water.

caudillo leader, chief Fué uno de los caudillos de la revolución. He was one of the leaders of the revolution.

causa cause ¿Cuál fué la causa de su retraso? What was the cause of his delay? ▲ case, trial, lawsuit Fué una de las causas célebres de su época. It was one of the famous cases of his time.

causar to cause, occasion Me ha causado muchos disgustos. She's caused me a lot of trouble.

cauto cautious, careful Uno tiene que ser cauto en los negocios. You have to be careful in business.

cavar to dig.

caverna cavern, cave.

cayuco dugout canoe [Am].

caza hunt, hunting Ahora está prohibida la caza. Hunting's forbidden now. ▲ game En esa selva hay mucha caza mayor. There's a lot of big game in that forest. ° andar a caza de to go hunting for, go in search of Los periodistas andaban a caza de noticias. The reporters were hunting for news.

cazador [m] hunter.

cazar to hunt.

cazuela earthen cooking pot.

cebada barley.

cebo bait.

cebolla onion; bulb.

cecear to lisp.

cedazo sifter (utensil).

ceder to transfer, turn over, cede Cedió todos sus bienes a su hijo. He transferred his whole estate to his son. ▲ to yield, give in No cedió en su empeño. He wouldn't give in.

cedro cedar.

cédula personal identification card.

cegar [rad-ch I] to blind Me ciega esa luz tan fuerte. That strong light blinds me.

ceja eyebrow. ° tener entre ceja y ceja to dislike, have a grudge against Mi jefe me tiene entre ceja y ceja. My boss has a grudge against me.

celebrar to celebrate, commemorate Celebraron su cumpleaños en una gran fiesta. They celebrated his birthday with a big party. ▲ to praise, applaud, approve Todos celebran sus éxitos. They all applauded his success. ▲ to be glad, rejoice Celebro mucho verle a Ud. I'm certainly glad to see you.

célebre famous Fué el escritor más célebre de su tiempo. He was the most famous writer of his day.

celebridad [f] celebrity.

celo zeal, enthusiasm Trabaja con mucho celo. He's a very zealous worker. ° estar en celo to be in heat (of animals). ° tener celos to be jealous Tiene muchos celos de su mujer. He's very jealous of his wife.

celoso jealous.

cementerio cemetery, graveyard.

cemento cement, concrete.

cena supper ¿Qué vamos a tomar de cena? What are we having for supper?

cenar to dine, eat ¿Dónde cenaron Uds. anoche? Where did you eat last night? ▲ to have for supper Cenamos pescado anoche. We had fish for supper last night.

cenicero ash tray.

ceniza ashes, cinders.

censura censorship La correspondencia tiene que pasar por la censura. Mail has to go through censorship. ▲ office of censor Hay que enviar este artículo a la censura. This article has to go through the censor's office. ▲ reproach, criticism Es una censura injusta la que Ud. me hace. Your criticism's unfair.

censurar to blame, criticize No se la puede censurar por lo que ha hecho. You can't blame her for what she did.

centavo cent [Am].

centenar [m] a hundred Había un centenar de personas en el local. There were a hundred people in the hall. ° a centenares by hundreds Murieron las gentes a centenares. People died by the hundreds.

centenario centenary.

centeno rye.

centímetro centimeter.

céntimo cent [Sp].

centinela [m] sentry, guard. ° de centinela on sentry duty Está de centinela. He's on sentry duty.

central [adj; f] central. ° central eléctrica electric power plant, power house.

centro center Vivimos en el centro (de la ciudad). We live in the center of the city. ▲ business district, downtown Vamos al centro. Let's go downtown. ▲ club Hubo un baile en nuestro centro. There was a dance at our club.

ceñir [rad-ch III] to fit tightly Esta cinturón me ciñe demasiado. This belt fits me too tightly. ° ceñirse to confine or limit oneself Cíñase Ud. al asunto. Confine yourself to the facts. || No se ciña tanto en la curva. Don't hug the inside of the curve.

ceño ° mirar con ceño to frown.

ceñudo [adj] scowling, frowning Siempre está ceñudo. He's always scowling.

cepillar to brush Tengo que cepillar el sombrero. I have to brush my hat. ▲ to plane, make smooth Estas tablas no están bien cepilladas. These boards haven't been planed right.

cepillo brush (flat, with bristles on one side) ¿Dónde puedo comprar un cepillo? Where can I buy a brush? ° cepillo de cabeza hairbrush. ° cepillo de carpintero carpenter's plane. ° cepillo de dientes toothbrush. ° cepillo de ropa clothes brush.

cera wax.

cerca fence La huerta tiene una cerca de madera. The garden has a wooden fence.

cerca de near (in place) La estación está cerca del hotel. The station's near the hotel. ▲ nearly, about, almost Son cerca de las once. It's about eleven o'clock. ° por aquí cerca near here, somewhere near here ¿Hay un buen restaurante por aquí cerca? Is there a good restaurant somewhere near here?

cercado fenced in, enclosed.

cercano near, close Viven en una casa cercana a la nuestra. They live in a house close to ours.

cercar to surround, fence in Cercaron la finca con alambrado. They fenced in the property with wire.

cerdo pig, hog; pork. ° chuletas de cerdo pork chops, cereal [adj; m] cereal.

ceremonia ceremony La ceremonia fué muy solemne. The ceremony was very impressive.

cereza cherry.

cerilla match Voy a comprar una caja de cerillas. I'm going to buy a box of matches.

cerillo match [Mex].

cero zero La temperatura está a cuarenta grados bajo cero. The temperature's forty below.

cerradura lock.

cerrar to close, shut Cierre Ud. la puerta, por favor. Please close the door. ▲ to seal Añade unas palabras antes de que yo cierre la carta. Add a few words before I seal the letter.

cerro hill Desde ese cerro hay muy buena vista. There's a very good view from that hill.

cerrojo bolt, latch.

certero well-aimed Fué un disparo certero. It was a well-aimed shot.

certeza assurance, certainty Tengo la certeza de que vendrá. I'm certain he's coming.

certificado (see certificar) certificate ¿Necesita Ud. un certificado médico? Do you need a doctor's certificate? ▲ piece of registered mail. certificar to register (a letter) Voy a certificar estas cartas. I'm going to register these letters.

cervecería bar, saloon.

cerveza beer, ale Vamos a tomar unos vasos de cerveza. Let's drink a few glasses of beer.

cesar to stop, cease El ruido no ha cesado en todo el día. The noise hasn't stopped all day. ▲ to dismiss, fire Ayer cesaron a siete empleados. Yesterday they fired seven employees.

césped [m] lawn, grass.

cesta basket Compraron una cesta de fruta. They bought a basket of fruit.

cesto large basket.

chabacano vulgar, in bad taste Siempre hace chistes chabacanos. He always tells vulgar jokes. ▲ [m] apricot [Mex].

chacra small farm [S.A.].

chal [m] shawl. chaleco vest.

chalet [m] chalet.

chamaco youngster [Mex].

chambergo soft hat.

champú [m] shampoo.

chancearse to jest, joke, fool Se chancea de todo el mundo. He makes fun of everybody.

chancho pig, hog [Am].

chanchullo something underhanded, racket Siempre anda metido en chanchullos. He's always in something underhanded.

chanclos [m pl] rubbers.

chanza joke Déjate de chanzas porque la cosa es muy seria. Stop joking; it's a serious matter.

chapa plate, sheet (of metal) El tejado está cubierto de chapas metálicas. The roof's covered with sheet metal. ▲ lock [Am] Hay que cambiar la chapa de la puerta. You have to change the lock on the door. ° chapas rosy cheeks [Am] Tiene unas lindas chapas. She has beautiful rosy cheeks.

chaparro short person [Mex].

chaparrón [m] heavy shower, downpour.

chapetón [m] Spaniard (fresh from Spain) [S.A.].

chapetonada illness caused by change of climate [S.A.].

chapucería botched job, hurried job Hágalo Ud. con cuidado, no me gustan les chapucerías. Do it carefully. I don't like botched jobs.

chapurrear to speak (a language) brokenly Chapurrea el español. He speaks broken Spanish.

chaqueta jacket, coat.

charco puddle.

charlar to talk, chatter.

charol [m] patent leather.

charro cowboy [Mex].

chasco ° darle a uno un chasco to fool, play a joke on Le dimos un chasco dejándole la cuenta. We played a joke on him by leaving him the bill. ° llevarse un chasco to be disappointed or disconcerted Con esa muchacha nos llevamos un chasco terrible. We were very disappointed in that girl.

chato flat-nosed, pug-nosed.

cheque [m] check (money).

chequear to check, put a check next to [Am].

chica girl.

chicha chicha (alcoholic drink made from corn) [Am].

chícharo green pea [Mex].

chicharrón [m] thick crisp bacon.

chichón [m] bump, lump (on the head).

chicle [m] chewing gum.

chico little, small El cuarto en que vive es muy chico. He lives in a very small room. ▲ boy, kid Tiene tres chicos. She has three kids.

chifladura eccentricity.

chiflón [m] draft [Am] Por esa ventana entra un chiflón muy fuerte. ▲ strong draft's blowing in at that window.

chile [f] chili, red pepper.

chillar to screech, scream.

chillido screech, scream.

chimenea smokestack Desde la ventana se ven las chimeneas de la fábrica. From the window you can see the smokestacks of the factory. ▲ chimney Se subieron al tejado para limpier la chimenea. They climbed up on the roof to clean the chimney. ▲ fireplace Se sentaron junto a la chimenea. They sat by the fireplace.

china pebble, small stone Se me ha metido una china en el zapato. I have a pebble in my shoe. ▲ peasant girl, maid, servant [Am] La china lo llevará a su casa. The maid'll take it to your house. ▲ china, porcelain ¿Son de china estas tazas? Are these cups porcelain? ▲ orange [Antilles] Deme una docena de chinas. Give me a dozen oranges.

chinche [f] bedbug; thumbtack.

chiquitín [m] small child.

chiquillo, chiquilla small child.

chiripa chance or unexpected event [Fam] Me ha salido bien por chiripa. I got it right by accident.

¡chis! sh!

chisme gossip, malicious remark Siempre anda metiendo chismes. He's always gossiping.

chispa spark ¡Cuidado con las chispas que saltan de la chimenea! Watch out for the sparks that are flying out of the fireplace. ▲ little bit, small amount No tiene chispa de tonto. He's not at all stupid. ° echar chispas [Fam] to rage, be furious Cuando se lo dije echó chispas. When I told him that, he got furious.

chistar to keep quiet. ° no, or ni, chistar not to say a word Cuando vio a su padre ni chistó. When he saw his father, he didn't even say a word.

chiste [m] joke Contó un chiste muy gracioso. He told a very funny joke.

chistoso funny, witty.

chocante surprising, witty [Sp]; annoying, unpleasant [Mex]. chocar to collide, crash Chocaron los dos autos. The two cars crashed. ▲ to clash Han chocado varias veces por sus opiniones políticas. They often clashed over their political beliefs. ▲ to surprise unpleasantly, to vex Me choca que diga Ud. eso. I'm surprised to hear you say that.

choclo green ear of corn [S.A.].

chocolate [m] chocolate.

chofer, chófer [m] chauffeur.

cholo, chola half-breed [S.A.].

choque [m] collision, crash.

chorizo Spanish sausage.

chorrear to gush, drip.

chorro jet, spurt Abrió el grifo y salió un chorro de agua. He turned on the faucet and a jet of water came out. ° a chorros abundantly [Fam]. ° Llover a chorros to pour (rain).

choza hut, cabin.

chuchería trinket; tidbit; trifle.

chueco crooked, bent [Am] Este zapato está chueco. This shoe is crooked.

chuleta chop.

chupar to suck.

churro a kind of cruller.

chusco funny, amusing.

cicatriz [f] scar.

ciclón [m] cyclone.

ciego blind Se está quedando ciego. He's going blind. ▲ [m] blind person Han construido un asilo para ciegos. They built an asylum for the blind. ° a ciegas in the dark, blindly Se metió en ese negocio a ciegas. He went into that business blindly.

cielo sky El cielo estaba lleno de aviones. The sky was filled with airplanes. ▲ paradise, heaven. ▲ dear, darling. Ven aquí, mi cielo. Come here, darling. ° llovido del cielo out of the clear sky Apareció como llovido del cielo. He appeared out of a clear sky.

cien (see ciento) one hundred.

ciencia science.

científico scientist; scientific.

ciento one hundred. ° por ciento per cent Gana el cinco por ciento sobre lo que vende. He makes five per cent on what he sells.

cierto sure, certain, true ¿Es cierto que vendrá mañana? Is it true he's coming tomorrow? ▲ certain, some A cierta gente le gusta. Some people like it. ▲ [adv] certainly Cierto, tiene Ud. razón. Certainly, you're right. ° no por cierto certainly not No por cierto, no estoy de acuerdo con Ud. Certainly not, I don't agree with you.

ciervo deer.

cifra figure, digit (number) ¿Cuántas cifras tiene ese número? How many digits does that number have? ▲ code La carta estaba escrita en cifra. The letter was written in code.

cigarrera cigarette case [Am]; woman cigar maker.

cigarrería place where cigars and cigarettes are made or sold [Am].

cigarrillo cigarette.

cigarro (see puro) cigar Le regaló una caja de cigarros habanos. She presented him with a box of Havana cigars. ▲ cigarette Voy a comprar un paquete de cigarros. I'm going to buy a pack of cigarettes.

cilindro cylinder.

cima summit, peak.

cimiento foundation Han comenzado los cimientos de la casa. They laid the foundation of the house.

cinc [m] zinc.

cinco five.

cincuenta fifty.

cine [m] moving pictures, movies Me gusta mucho el cine americano. I like American movies very much. ▲ movie theater Es un nuevo cine. It's a new movie theater.

cinematógrafo movie house.

cínico cynic; cynical.

cinta ribbon Llevaba una cinta atada a la cabeza. She wore a ribbon tied around her hair. ▲ film (moving picture) Es la mejor cinta del año. It's the best film of the year.

cintura waist Tiene una cintura muy pequeña. She has a small waist. ° meter en cintura to discipline, restrain Hay que meter en cintura ese chico. That child has to be restrained.

cinturón [m] belt Voy a comprar un cinturón de cuero. I'm going to buy a leather belt.

circo circus Este año el circo tiene diez elefantes. This year the circus has ten elephants.

circulación [f] circulation Este periódico tiene mucha circulación. This paper has a large circulation. ▲ traffic No conozco el reglamento de la circulación aquí. I don't know the traffic regulations here.

circular [f] circular, letter He recibido una circular del banco. I've received a circular from the bank.

circular to move about, get around Era casi imposible circular por esa calle. It was almost impossible to get around on that street. ▲ to circulate, get around Ha circulado esa noticia. That news got around.

círculo circle Estábamos sentados en círculo. We were seated in a circle. ▲ club, social circle Comimos juntos en el círculo. We ate together at the club.

circunstancia circumstance.

circunstante [m] bystander.

ciruela plum. ° ciruela pasa prune.

ciruelo plum tree.

cita engagement, appointment, date ¿Acudió Ud. a la cita? Did you keep your appointment? ▲ quotation Es una cita del Quijote. It's a quotation from Don Quixote.

citar to call, summon Todavía no nos han citado para la reunión. We haven't been called to the meeting yet. ▲ to make (or give) an appointment El dentista me citó para las siete. The dentist gave me an appointment for seven o'clock. ▲ to quote, refer to En mi artículo cité muchas veces su libro. In my article, I referred to your book a great deal.

ciudad [f] city.

ciudadano, ciudadana citizen ¿De qué país es Ud. ciudadano? What country are you a citizen of?

civil civil. ° derechos civiles civil rights.

civilización [f] civilization, culture.

civilizar to civilize Los misioneros civilizaron a los indígenas. The missionaries civilized the natives.

claramente clearly, openly, frankly Dígamelo claramente. Tell me frankly.

claridad [f] clearness, distinctness La claridad de la explicación lo convenció. The clearness of the explanation satisfied him.

clarín [m] trumpet.

claro clear, transparent Es tan claro como el agua. It's as clear as crystal. ▲ thin En las sienes tiene el pelo muy claro. His hair's thin at the temples. ▲ cloudless, fair Es un día muy claro. It's a very clear day. ▲ light Lleva un traje azul claro. She's wearing a light blue suit. ▲ plain, clear La explicación es clara. The explanation is clear.

clase [f] class, kind, sort. ▲ class Era uno de los dirigentes de la clase trabajadora. He was a leader of the working class. — Sólo asisto a dos clases este curso. I have only two classes this year. ▲ classroom Esa clase es demasiado pequeña. That classroom's too small. ° dar clase to give a class, hold class Tengo que dar una clase mañana a las ocho. I have to give a class tomorrow at eight.

clásico classical Anoche asistimos a un concierto de música clásica. Last night we attended a concert of classical music. ▲ [m] classic ¿Ha leído los clásicos latinos? Have you read the Latin classics?

clasificar to sort out, classify Todavía no han clasificado la correspondencia. They haven't sorted the mail yet.

claustro cloister En esa iglesia hay un claustro muy bonito. There's a very beautiful cloister in that church.

clavar to nail Necesito un martillo para clavar las tablas. I need a hammer to nail the boards. ▲ to stick, pin Tenga cuidado donde clava el alfiler. Be careful where you stick the pin. ° clavarse to stick, prick Me clavé una espina en el dedo. I got a thorn in my finger.

clave [f] key (of a code) Necesito la clave para descifrar esta comunicación. I need the key to decode this message. ▲ key Esta canción está en clave de sol. This song's in the key of G.

clavel [m] carnation.

clavo nail Necesito una caja de clavos. I need a box of nails. ° dar en el clavo to hit the nail on the head.

clemencia mercy.

clerical clerical (church).

clero clergy.

cliente [m, f] client, customer.

clientela clientele.

clima [m] climate.

clínica clinic.

cobarde [m, f] coward ¡Anímese Ud.! ¡No sea cobarde! Come on, don't be a coward! ▲ [adj] cowardly Lo que hizo fué muy cobarde. It was a cowardly thing he did.

cobardía cowardice.

cobija cover, blanket [Am] ¿Cuántas cobijas tiene la cama? How many blankets are there on the bed?

cobrador [m] collector (bills, taxes) Les visitó el cobrador de contribuciones. The tax collector called on them. ▲ conductor (of bus or trolley) Se lo preguntaremos al cobrador (del tranvía). We'll ask the conductor (of the trolley). cobranza collection La cobranza de impuestos está bien organizada. The collection of taxes is well organized.

cobrar to collect, receive ¿Cobró Ud. el dinero que le debían? Did you collect the money they owed you? ▲ to cash En esta ventanilla puede cobrar su cheque. You can cash your check at this window. ▲ to charge Cobran muy caro en esa tienda. They charge high prices at that store.

cobre [m] copper.

cobro collection (of money due) Presentó la factura al cobro. He presented the bill for collection.

coca coca (plant from which cocaine is obtained) [Am].

cocal [m] coconut plantation [Am].

cocer [rad-ch I] to boil Cueza Ud. esas papas. Boil those potatoes. ▲ to bake El pan se está cociendo en el horno. The bread's baking in the oven.

coche [m] carriage, coach Tienen un coche de dos caballos. They have a two-horse carriage. ▲ car Acaban de comprar un coche nuevo. They've just bought a new car. ° coche-cama sleeping car, Pullman ¿Lleva coche-cama este tren? Does this train have a sleeping car? ° coche-comedor dining car El coche-comedor va a la cabeza del tren. The dining car's at the forward end of the train.

cochero coachman Déle la dirección al cochero. Give the address to the coachman.

cochino hog, pig. ▲ swine (insult). ▲ dirty, filthy, vile ¡Qué cochinos están estos niños! How filthy these children are!

cocina kitchen La cocina de esa casa es muy bonita. The kitchen in that house is very nice. ▲ cuisine, cooking Me gusta la cocina francesa. I like French cooking.

cocinar to cook Su mujer cocina muy bien. His wife cooks very well.

cocinero, cocinera cook.

coco coconut; coconut tree.

cocotero coconut tree.

coctelera cocktail shaker.

codicioso greedy Es un hombre codicioso. He's a greedy man.

código code (of laws). ° código civil civil law. ° código militar military law.

codo elbow Se está rompiendo la chaqueta por los codos. The jacket's wearing through at the elbows. — Se sale el agita por el codo de la cañería. The water's leaking from the elbow of the pipe.

cofre [m] (see also baúl) trunk [Am]; chest [Sp] Cerró el cofre con llave. He locked the trunk with a key.

coger [should not be used in Arg] to catch Cogieron al ladrón. They caught the thief. ▲ to pick, gather Van a empezar a coger las naranjas. They're going to start picking oranges.

coincidencia coincidence.

coincidir to coincide, agree Los dos relatos no coinciden. The two statements don't agree.

cojear (not used in Arg; see renguear) to limp, hobble Cojea un poco del pie derecho. He limps slightly on his right foot.

cojín [m] pad, cushion Ponga esos cojines en el diván. Put those cushions on the couch.

col [f] cabbage.

cola tail El perro movía la cola. The dog was wagging his tail. ▲ train (of dress) Llevaba un vestido de cola. She wore a dress with a train. ▲ line of people Esta es la cola para sacar los billetes. This is the ticket line. ° hacer cola to stand in line He estado haciendo cola más de dos horas. I was standing in line for more than two hours.

colaboración [f] collaboration, working together Escribe en colaboración con su hermano. He writes in collaboration with his brother.

colaborador [m] collaborator, co-worker. ▲ contributor (to a periodical, etc) Es uno de los mejores colaboradores de este periódico. He's one of the best contributors to this newspaper.

colaborar to collaborate, cooperate; to contribute.

colador [m] colander, strainer Ponga las verduras en el colador. Put the vegetables in the strainer.

colar to strain El jugo de naranja no está bien colado. The orange juice isn't well strained.

colcha bedspread Tienen una colcha azul sobre la cama. They have a blue bedspread on the bed.

colchón [m] mattress.

colección [f] collection (of things) Tiene una buena colección de cuadros modernos. He has a good collection of modern paintings.

coleccionar to collect (stamps, coins, etc).

colecta collection (charity). colectivo collective Los intereses colectivos deben protegerse. Collective interests must be protected. ▲ organized.

colega [m] fellow worker, colleague.

colegio school (private) Acaba de entrar en el colegio. He's just entered school. ▲ association, college Es miembro del colegio de médicos. He's a member of the medical association.

cólera [f] anger, rage, fury Eso le dio mucha cólera. That made him very angry.

cólera [m] cholera.

colgado (See colgar) hanging El sombrero está colgado en la percha. The hat's hanging on the rack.

colgando (See colgar) dangling Llevaba el reloj colgando del bolsillo. His watch was dangling from his pocket.

colgar [rad-ch I] to hang Cuelgue Ud. aquí sus ropas. Hang your clothes here. ▲ to hang (by the neck) Merecía que lo colgaran. He deserved to be hanged.

colina hill.

collar [m] necklace; collar.

colmena beehive.

colocación [f] job, position ¿Le gusta su nueva colocación? Do you like your new job? ▲ arrangement ¿Le agrada la colocación de los muebles? Do you like the arrangement of the furniture?

colocar to put, arrange Voy a colocar estas flares. I'm going to arrange these flowers. ▲ to take on Colocaron muchos empleados nuevos. They took on many new employees. ° colocar dinero to invest (money) Voy a colocar dinero en este negocio. I'm going to invest (money) in this business. ° colocarse to take a job Me he colocado en un banco. I've taken a job in a bank.

colonia colony Jamaica es una colonia inglesa. Jamaica's an English colony. ▲ suburb, (real estate) development Hay lindas colonias en los alrededores de la capital. There are beautiful developments on the outskirts of the capital. ° (agua de) Colonia toilet water.

colonial [adj] colonial.

colonizador [m] colonizer.

colono tenant farmer Tiene muchos colonos en la hacienda. He has many tenants on his land. ▲ colonist Los primeros colonos americanos llegaron en el siglo diecisiete. The first American colonists arrived in the 17th century.

color [m] color Todo lo ve color de rosa. He sees the world through rose-colored glasses. ▲ blush, flush Le hizo salir los colores (a la cara). He made her blush. ▲ slant Este periódico no tiene color político. This newspaper has no political slant.

colorado [adj] red. ° ponerse colorado to blush.

colorear to color (a map, etc).

colorido colors, coloring El colorido de este cuadro es muy brillante. The colors of this painting are very bright.

colosal huge, gigantic, colossal; "terrific."

columna column.

coma comma.

comadre [f] (term of address between mother and godmother of a child); gossip; old woman (among country people).

comandante [m] commander; major.

combate [m] combat, battle, fight.

combatir to combat, fight, oppose, attack.

combinación [f] combination; (woman's) slip.

combinar to combine, join, unite.

combustible [m] fuel ¿Con qué clase de combustible funciona esta máquina? What kind of fuel do you use in this machine?

comedia comedy; play.

comedor [m] dining room.

comentar to comment on Comentaban su nuevo libro. They were commenting on his new book.

comentario remark, comment, commentary No hay que hacer comentarios. One should not make comments.

comenzar [rad-ch I] to begin, commence ¿Cuándo comienza la función? When does the performance begin?

comer to eat. ▲ to dine ¿A qué hora comen Uds.? What time do you have dinner? ▲ to fade El sol come los colores. The sun fades colors. ° comerse to eat up Se han comido todo el pastel. They ate up all the cake. ▲ to omit, skip Se ha comido un renglón. He skipped a line. ▲ to run through, squander Se comieron rápidamente el dinero. They squandered their money.

comercial commercial.

comercio commerce, trade, business Ha hecho mucho dinero en el comercio de frutas. He's made a lot of money in the fruit business. ▲ store, shop Tienen un comercio de trajes. They own a dress shop. ° cámara de comercio chamber of commerce. ° comercio exterior foreign trade. ° comercio interior domestic trade.

comestible edible, good to eat. ° comestibles [m pl] provisions, groceries En esta calle hay una tienda de comestibles. There's a grocery store on this street.

cometa [m] comet; [f] kite.

cómico comic, funny, amusing ¡Qué situación más cómica! What an amusing situation ! ▲ [n] actor, actress Son unos cómicos malísimos. They're very bad actors.

comida food La comida es muy buena en este hotel. The food in this hotel's very good. ▲ dinner ¿A qué hora es la comida? When's dinner served?

comienzo beginning, start.

comilón [m] glutton.

comisaria police station.

comisario de policía chief of police.

comisión [f] assignment Le han dado una comisión difícil. They gave him a difficult assignment. ▲ committee, delegation Ha llegado una comisión de diputados. A committee of congressmen has arrived.

comisionado agent.

comisionar to commission Han sido comisionados por el Gobierno. They've been commissioned by the Government.

como how Voy a decirle como lo tiene que hacer. I'll tell you how to do it. ▲ as Como Ud. quiera. As you like. ▲ as, since Como no me lo dijo, no fui. Since he didn't tell me, I didn't go. ▲ like Nada como un pez. He swims like a fish. ▲ if Como Ud. no se lo diga, él no lo hará. If you don't tell him, he won't do it. ° ¿cómo? why? how come? ¿Cómo no me lo dijo? Why didn't you tell me? ° tan ... como as ... as ¿Es Ud. tan alto como yo? Are you as tall as I? ° tanto como as much as No creo que Ud. trabaje tanto como él. I don't believe you do as much work as he does.

cómoda chest of drawers.

comodidad [f] convenience La casa tiene todas las comodidades. The house has all the conveniences. ▲ ease, comfort Viven con mucha comodidad. They live very comfortably.

cómodo convenient, suitable, handy Una maleta de este tamaño es muy cómoda. A valise of this size is very handy. ▲ comfortable ¿Está Ud. cómodo? Are you comfortable?

compadecer [-zc-] to pity, sympathize with Le compadezco a Ud. I sympathize with you.

compadre [m] (term of address between father and godfather of a child); pal (among country people).

compañero, compañera companion, pal, schoolmate Fueron compañeros de estudios. They were schoolmates.

compañía company Trabaja en una compañía de seguros. He works for an insurance company. ▲ company of actors, stock company ¿Le gusta la compañía que hay en ese teatro? Do you like the company at that theater? ° hacer compañía (a) to keep company (with) Está sola; hágale compañía. She's lonely; keep her company.

comparable comparable.

comparación [f] comparison.

comparar to compare Compare Ud. esta copia con el original. Compare this copy with the original.

comparecer [-zc-] to appear (in answer to summons) Los testigos comparecieron ante el juez. The witnesses appeared before the judge.

compartir to share Compartieron lo que tenían. They shared what they had. — No comparto su opinión. I don't share his opinion.

compás [m sg] compass Es difícil dibujar un círculo sin un compás. It's hard to draw a circle without a compass. ▲ beat, rhythm, time No sabe llevar el compás. He can't keep time.

compasión [f] compassion, pity, sympathy No tiene compasión de nadie. He has no pity for anybody.

compatriota [m, f] (fellow) countryman, fellow citizen.

compensar to balance, compensate Las ganancias compensan los gastos. The income balances the expenses.

competencia competition, rivalry Hay mucha competencia en el comercio. There's a lot of competition in business.

competir [rad-ch III] to compete No va a competir en el campeonato. He's not going to compete for the championship.

complacer [-zc-] to please, accommodate ¿En qué puedo complacerla? How can I help you?

complaciente pleasing, accommodating, kind Es una persona complaciente. She's a very accommodating person. completar to complete, finish No han completado el informe. They haven't completed the report.

completo complete ¿Está completo este juego de té? Is this tea set complete? ▲ full El tranvía va completo. The trolley's full.

complicación [f] complication.

complicar to complicate No complique Ud. la cuestión. Don't complicate the matter.

cómplice [m, f] accomplice.

componer [irr] to repair, fix ¿Compusieron el reloj? Did they repair the watch? ▲ to compose Ha compuesto una sonata. He's composed a sonata. ° componerse to fix oneself, to doll up Se compuso mucho para ir al baile. She dolled up a lot to go to the dance.

composición [f] composition.

compositor [m] composer ¿Quién es el compositor de esta sinfonía? Who's the composer of this symphony?

compostura mending, repair(s), repairing Hacemos toda clase de compostura. We make all kinds of repairs.

compota stewed fruit.

compra purchase, buy Hicimos una buena compra. We made a good buy. ° hacer la compra to do the day's marketing La criada salió a hacer la compra. The maid went out to do the day's marketing. ° ir de compras to go shopping.

comprador, compradora buyer, purchaser Tiene varios compradores para la finca. He has several buyers for the property.

comprar to buy, purchase.

comprender to understand, comprehend ¿Comprende Ud. español? Do you understand Spanish? ▲ to include, comprise, cover Esta historia comprende también la época contemporánea. This history also includes the contemporary period.

comprensión [f] comprehension, understanding.

comprimir to compress.

comprobar [rad-ch I] to verify, confirm, check Comprobaron las cuentas. They checked the accounts. — Compruebe Ud. esta traducción con el original. Check this translation with the original. ▲ to substantiate, verify No se pudo comprobar la inocencia del acusado. The defendant's innocence could not be verified.

comprometer to risk No comprometan Uds. su fortuna en eso. Don't risk your fortune on that. ▲ to expose, jeopardize, endanger Está comprometiendo su carrera política. He's jeopardizing his political career. ° comprometerse to get involved No se comprometa Ud. en eso. Don't get yourself involved in that. ▲ to become engaged Se comprometieron ayer. They became engaged yesterday.

compromiso obligation, engagement No puedo ir con Ud., tengo un compromiso. I can't go with you, I have an engagement. ▲ predicament, plight, fix Se encontró en un compromiso terrible. He found himself in a terrible fix. ° compromiso matrimonial engagement Rompió su compromiso matrimonial. She broke her engagement.

compuesto See componer.

común common, usual, general Fué la opinión común. It was the general opinion.

comunicación [f] communication.

comunicar to communicate, transmit, send, issue Comunique Ud. esta orden a sus empleados. Issue this order to your employees. ° comunicarse to connect Las dos habitaciones se comunican. The two rooms are connected. ▲ to communicate, tell one another Se comunican todo lo que ocurre. They tell each other about everything that happens.

comunicativo communicative Es un persona muy comunicativa. He's very communicative.

con with Salió con su hermano. She left with her brother. ° con tal que provided that.

concebir [rad-ch III] to imagine No concibo que motivo puede tener para hacer eso. I can't imagine what reason he has for doing that.

conceder to give, grant Le han concedido una pensión. They've granted him a pension.

concejal [m] councilman.

concejo board of aldermen.

concentrar to concentrate.

concepto judgment, opinion, thought Tengo buen concepto de él. I have a good opinion of him.

concesión [f] concession, grant.

conciencia conscience Me remuerde la conciencia. My conscience bothers me. ▲ scruples Es un hombre sin conciencia. He's a man without scruples. ▲ religion En este país no hay libertad de conciencia. There's no freedom of religion in this country. ▲ consciousness Con el golpe perdió la conciencia. He lost consciousness as a result of the blow. ° a conciencia conscientiously Lo hizo a conciencia. He did it conscientiously. ▲ painstakingly Hizo su trabajo a conciencia. He did his work painstakingly.

concierto concert ¿Va Ud. al concierto esta noche? Are you going to the concert tonight?

conciliar to conciliate, reconcile Es difícil conciliar todas las opiniones. It's difficult to reconcile all the opinions.

concisión [f] conciseness La concisión es una virtud. Conciseness is a virtue.

concluir to conclude, end, finish, close ¿A qué hora concluyó la sesión? What time did the meeting end?

conclusión [f] conclusion ¿Se ha llegado a alguna conclusión? Has any conclusion been reached?

concretar to express concretely Concrete Ud. su idea. Express your idea concretely. ° concretarse to limit or confine oneself Concrétese al tema. Confine yourself to the subject.

concreto definite, concrete ¿Le ha dicho a Ud. algo concreto? Has he told you anything definite? ° en concreto concretely, in so many words Dígame en concreto lo que necesita. Tell me in so many words what you need.

concurrir to attend Mucha gente concurrió a la sesión. Many people attended the meeting.

concurso competition, contest ¿Quiénes se presentaron al concurso? Who took part in the contest?

condado county.

conde [m] count (title).

condena sentence, term of imprisonment, penalty Cumplió su condena en el penal de Alcatraz. He served his sentence at Alcatraz.

condenar to prove, find, or declare guilty ¿Ud. cree que lo condenarán? Do you think they'll find him guilty? ▲ to sentence Le condenaron a treinta años de cárcel. They sentenced him to thirty years in prison. ▲ to condemn, blame Condenaron su conducta. They condemned his behavior.

condensar to condense Tienen un nuevo procedimiento para condensar la leche. They have a new process for condensing milk.

condición [f] condition, character Es un hombre de mala condición. He's a man of bad character. ° a condición de que, con la condición de que on the understanding that, on condition that, provided (that) Iré a condición de que Ud. vaya conmigo. I'll go provided you go with me. ° condiciones qualities Tiene buenas condiciones, pero está mal educada. She has good qualities, but she's badly brought up. ▲ terms ¿Cuáles son las condiciones del contrato? What are the terms of the contract? ▲ condition, quality, state ¿En qué condiciones está el edificio? What condition is the building in?

condiscípulo, condiscípula schoolfellow, schoolmate, fellow student.

cóndor [m] condor.

conducir [-zc-] to lead ¿A dónde conduce este camino? Where does this road lead? ▲ to take, accompany Conduzca a este señor a mi oficina. Take this gentleman to my office. ▲ to drive Ud. conduce a demasiada velocidad. You drive too fast. ° conducirse to act, behave Se conduce como una persona educada. She acts like a well-bred person.

conducta conduct, behavior.

conductor [m] driver, motorman Se prohibe hablar al conductor. Don't talk to the driver. ▲ conductor of train [Mex].

conectar to connect ¿Han conectado la antena del radio? Have they connected the radio antenna?

conejo rabbit.

conexión [f] connection No tiene conexión una cosa con la otra. There's no connection between the two things.

confección [f] workmanship, finish La confección del traje es muy mala. The workmanship on the dress is very bad.

confederación [f] confederacy, federation.

conferencia conference, meeting Hubo muchas conferencias entre los ministros y senadores. The Ministers and the Senators held many conferences. ▲ public lecture Está dando unas conferencias sobre literatura. He's giving some lectures on literature.

conferenciar to confer, consult together, hold an interview Después de conferenciar varias horas hicieron públicos los acuerdos. After conferring for several hours, they made the agreements public. confesar [rad-ch I] to admit, confess Confesó su delito. He confessed his crime.

confesión [f] confession, acknowledgment.

confiado (See confiar) trusting, unsuspecting Son unas personas muy confiadas. They're very trusting people.

confianza confidence, faith Han perdido la confianza en él. They've lost confidence in him. ° de confianza informal, intimate Fué una reunión de confianza. It was an informal meeting. ° en confianza confidentially, in confidence Le digo esto en confianza. I'm telling you this confidentially. ° hombre de confianza right-hand man Es su hombre de confianza. He's his right-hand man. ° tener confianza con to be on intimate terms with No tengo suficiente confianza con él para eso. I'm not sufficiently intimate with him for that. ° tener confianza en to trust ¿Por qué no tiene Ud. confianza en mí? Why don't you trust me?

confiar to entrust to, put in charge of Le confiaron la administración de sus negocios. They put him in charge of their business. ° confiar en to rely on, trust in, count on Ud. puede confiar en él. You can rely on him.

confidencia ° hacer confidencias to confide Me ha estado haciendo confidencias. He's been confiding in me.

confidencial confidential.

confirmación [f] confirmation.

confirmar to confirm, corroborate La prensa confirmó los rumores. The press confirmed the rumors.

confitería candy store, confectionery; candy.

conflicto conflict, struggle.

conforme as Todo queda conforme estaba. Everything remains as it was. — Conforme leía, más me interesaba. As I was reading, I became more interested. ° conforme a in accordance with, in line with Conforme a su petición. ... In accordance with your request. ... ° estar conforme con to be resigned to Está conforme con su suerte. He's resigned to his fate. ▲ to be in agreement with Estoy conforme con lo que Ud. dice. I agree with you.

confundido confused, mistaken. ° estar confundido to be mistaken, confused. ° quedar confundido to be extremely embarrassed Al ver lo que había hecho, quedó confundido. On seeing what he had done, he was extremely embarrassed.

confundir to confound, jumble, mix up Han confundido todas las tarjetas. They've mixed up all the cards. ▲ to mistake Ud. me confunde con mi hermano. You're mistaking me for my brother. ° confundirse to make a mistake Me he confundido muchas veces al copiar esta carta. I made many mistakes in copying this letter.

confusión [f] confusion, disorder Hubo unos momentos de confusión. There were a few moments of confusion. ▲ embarrassment, confusion.

confuso confusing, not clear Los informes eran confusos. The reports were confusing. ▲ hard to read or understand Su letra es confusa. His handwriting's hard to read. ▲ hazy, vague Tengo un recuerdo confuso. I have a vague recollection. ▲ confused, mixed up, embarrassed Se quedaron muy confusos. They were completely confused.

congestión [f] stroke (sun, etc) Le dió una congestión. He had a stroke.

congestionado congested El tráfico está congestionado. The traffic's congested.

congraciarse to get into one's good graces Quería congraciarse con la madre de su novia. He wanted to get into the good graces of his sweetheart's mother.

congregación [f] congregation.

congregar to congregate, assemble El cura congregó a los fieles en la iglesia. The priest assembled the parishioners in the church. ° congregarse to gather, assemble Los manifestantes se congregaron en la plaza. The demonstrators gathered in the square.

congreso congress, convention. ° Congreso de los Diputados House of Representatives.

conjetura conjecture, guess Se hacían muchas conjeturas sobre lo que iba a ocurrir. There was a great deal of conjecture as to what would happen.

conjunto joint, unified Acción conjunta. Joint action. ▲ [m] whole, entirety Vale más el conjunto que las partes. The whole is worth more than the parts. ° en conjunto as a whole En conjunto el plan me parece bien. As a whole, the plan seems good to me.

conmemorativo commemorative. conmigo with me Fueron conmigo de paseo. They went for a walk with me.

conocer [-zc-] to know, understand Conoce muy bien el problema. He knows the problem very well. ▲ to know, be acquainted with ¿Conoce Ud. al Sr. López? Do you know Mr. López? ° conocerse to meet, become acquainted Nos conocimos la semana pasada. We met last week. ▲ to know each other Se conocen muy bien. They know each other very well.

conocido (see conocer) prominent, well known Era muy conocido en su país. He was well known in his country. ▲ [n] acquaintance Es un conocido nuestro. He's an acquaintance of ours.

conocimiento knowledge, understanding Tiene muy pocos conocimientos de geografía. He has very little knowledge of geography. ▲ consciousness Todavía no ha recobrado el conocimiento. He still hasn't regained consciousness.

conquista conquest.

conquistador [m] conqueror Alejandro fué un gran conquistador. Alexander was a great conqueror. ▲ Don Juan, lady-killer Tenga Ud. cuidado con él; es un conquistador. Be careful with him; he's a Don Juan.

conquistar to conquer, overcome, subdue Conquistaron la ciudad. They conquered the city. ▲ to win No pude conquistar su amistad. I wasn't able to win his friendship.

consagrar to devote, dedicate; to consecrate Consagró toda su vida a la ciencia. He devoted his whole life to science. ° consagrarse to devote oneself Se consagra a su trabajo. He devotes himself to his work.

consciente conscious.

consecuencia consequence La disputa tuvo malas consecuencias. The quarrel had unfortunate consequences.

conseguir [rad-ch III] to attain, get, obtain Conseguí lo que quería. I got what I wanted. ▲ to succeed in Consiguió salir de la casa. He succeeded in getting out of the house.

consejero adviser, counselor.

consejo advice, counsel No necesito sus consejos. I don't need your advice. ▲ council Lo acordó el consejo. The council agreed on it. ° consejo de ministros cabinet (of a government).

consentimiento consent No ha dado su consentimiento. He hasn't given his consent.

consentir [rad-ch II] to allow, permit, tolerate ¿Cómo lo consiente Ud.? Why do you permit it? ▲ to coddle, spoil Consentían demasiado a sus nietos. They spoiled their grandchildren.

conserva ° conservas preserves; canned food. ° en conserva canned Me gustan las frutas en conserva. I like canned fruits.

conservación [f] conservation, maintenance.

conservador [adj; m] conservative. ° el partido conservador the conservative party.

conservar to conserve, preserve, keep Ponga Ud. esta fruta en la nevera para que se conserve bien. Put this fruit in the ice box so it will keep. ▲ to keep Conservó el retrato durante muchos años. He kept the picture for many years. ° conservarse to keep (oneself) young, be well preserved Se conserva muy joven. He keeps himself very young.

considerable considerable, great, large Es una cantidad considerable. It's a large amount.

consideración [f] consideration, account Lo tomaré en consideración. I'll take it into consideration. ▲ respect No tuvo ninguna consideración con ella. He showed her no respect.

considerado thoughtful, tactful.

considerar to consider, think over Considere de nuevo el problema. Consider the problem again. ▲ to show consideration Lo consideran mucho. They show him every consideration.

consigo with him (self), with her (self), with it (self), etc Lleve Ud. el dinero consigo. Take the money with you. ° consigo mismo to oneself Hablaba consigo misma. She was talking to herself.

consiguiente ° por consiguiente consequently, therefore.

consistir en to be a question or matter of La felicidad consiste en la moderación. Happiness is a question of moderation.

consolar [rad-ch I] to console, comfort.

consolidar to strengthen, consolidate Hay que consolidar la República. It's necessary to strengthen the Republic.

conspiración [f] conspiracy, plot.

conspirador, conspiradora conspirator.

conspirar to conspire, plot.

constancia perseverance Todo lo consigue por su constancia. He gets everything through perseverance. ▲ record, statement No hay constancia de lo que ha dicho. There's no record of what he said.

constante firm, faithful, constant.

constar to be evident, be clear, be certain Consta que es así. It's clear that it's so. ▲ to be recorded or registered Eso consta en las actas. That is recorded in the minutes. ° constar de to be composed of, consist of La obra consta de treinta capítulos. The book consists of thirty chapters. ° constarle a uno to be evident to one, be positive Me consta que no salió ayer. I'm positive he didn't go out yesterday. ° conste que let it be understood that Conste que yo no lo he hecho. Let it be clearly understood that I didn't do it.

constitución [f] constitution La constitución del país es muy democrática. The constitution of the country is very democratic. — Es un hombre de una constitución muy fuerte. He has a strong constitution.

constitucional constitutional.

constituir to constitute, be Esto constituye la parte esencial de la obra. This is the essential part of the work. ▲ to establish, organize, constitute Constituyeron una nueva firma comercial. They established a new firm.

construcción [f] construction Han empezado la construcción del nuevo ferrocarril. They've begun the construction of the new railroad. ▲ structure, building Es la mayor construcción de la ciudad. It's the biggest building in the city.

constructor [m] builder.

construir to build, construct.

consuelo consolation, comfort.

cónsul [m] consul.

consulado consulate.

consulta consultation, conference Se reununieron en consulta. They met in conference. ▲ office hours ¿A qué hora tiene el doctor la consulta? What are the doctor's office hours?

consultar to consult (about) Tengo que consultarle una cosa. I want to consult you about something. ° consultar con la almohada to sleep on, think over Antes de decidirlo consúltelo con la almohada. Sleep on it before deciding.

consumado complete, perfect, accomplished Es un nadador consumado. He's an accomplished swimmer.

consumar to carry out, commit (an evil action) Consumaron el crimen. They committed the crime.

consumidor, consumidora consumer.

consumirse to be used up, run out Se consumieron todas las provisiones. All the supplies ran out. ° consumirse de to be consumed with Se consume de curiosidad. He's consumed with curiosity.

consumo consumption No es grande el consumo diario. Daily consumption isn't large.

contabilidad [f] bookkeeping, accounting.

contable [m, f] bookkeeper, accountant.

contacto contact, touch. ▲ ignition (of motors) Encienda el contacto. Turn on the ignition.

contado (see contar) few Son contadas las personas que lo saben. Very few people know it. ° al contado (for) cash ¿Va Ud. a pagar al contado? Will you pay cash?

contador [m] accountant, bookkeeper. ▲ meter (for gas, water, electricity, or taxi).

contagiar to infect.

contagio contagion.

contagioso contagious El tifus es una enfermedad contagiosa. Typhus is a contagious disease.

contaminar to contaminate, pollute.

contar [rad-ch I] to count Cuente Ud. el cambio. Count your change. ▲ to relate, tell Contaron muy bien la historia. They told the story very well. ° contar con to depend upon, count on Cuento con su ayuda. I'm counting on your help.

contemplación [f] contemplation (in visual sense).

contemporáneo [adj, n] contemporary.

contener [irr] to check, curb, control No podía contener el caballo. He couldn't control the horse. ▲ to contain La botella contenía vino. The bottle contained wine. ° contenerse to control oneself Se contiene admirablemente. He controls himself admirably.

contenido See contener, [m] contents ¿Puedo ver el contenido del paquete? May I see the contents of the package?

contentar to satisfy, please Es muy difícil de contentar. He's very hard to please. ° contentarse to be satisfied No se contenta con nada. He isn't satisfied with anything. ▲ to become reconciled, make up Se han contentado ya. They've already made up. contento happy, glad Estaba muy contento. He was very happy.

contestación [f] reply, answer No he recibido contestación a mi carta. I haven't received a reply to my letter.

contestar to answer, reply No ha contestado a mi carta. He hasn't answered my letter yet.

contigo with you No sabía que tu madre vivía contigo. I didn't know that your mother lived with you.

contiguo adjacent, next Se oían voces en el cuarto contiguo. They heard voices in the next room.

continente [m] continent.

continuación [f] continuation; sequence. ° a continuación immediately, right away Entró y a continuación se sentó. He came in and immediately sat down. || Continuación de la primera página. Continued from page one.

continuar to continue, pursue, carry on Continúa sus estudios. He's pursuing his studies. ▲ to remain Su estado continúa lo mismo. His condition remains the same. ▲ to be still (in same place or condition) Juan continúa enfermo y en el mismo hospital. John is still sick and in the same hospital. ▲ to go on, keep on Continuó hablando dos horas. He kept on talking for two hours.

continuo continuous, uninterrupted.

contorno neighborhood Es conocido en todo el contorno. He's known in the whole neighborhood. ▲ contour, outline El contorno de la figura no es claro. The outline of the figure isn't clear.

contra against ¡Apoye Ud. la escalera contra la pared! Put the ladder against the wall ! ▲ against, in opposition to Los Diputados votaron contra la proposición. The Representatives voted against the proposition. ° contra viento y marea against all odds Contra viento y marea consiguió lo que quería. He got what he wanted against all odds. ° en pro y en contra for and against. ° llevar la contra to oppose, object, raise objections Le gusta llevar la contra. He likes to raise objections.

contrabando contraband, smuggling.

contradecir [irr] to contradict Se enfada si le contradicen. He gets angry if he's contradicted. ° contradecirse to contradict oneself Se contradijo varias veces en su declaración. He contradicted himself several times in his testimony.

contradicción [f] contradiction.

contraer [irr] to contract Contrajo esa enfermedad hace muchos años. He contracted that illness many years ago. ▲ to incur, run into Contrajeron deudas. They ran into debt. ° contraer matrimonio to marry, get married Contraerán matrimonio el próximo sábado. They'll get married next Saturday. ° contraerse to contract, diminish Se contrae con el frío. It contracts with the cold.

contrahecho deformed, crippled (from birth).

contraorden [m] countermand.

contrariar to thwart, change, spoil (a plan) Esto contraría todos mis planes. This spoils all my plans. ▲ to annoy Esto me contraría mucho. This annoys me very much.

contrariedad [f] disappointment Fué una contrariedad no verle. It was a disappointment not to see him.

contrario contrary Esto es contrario a la ley. This is against the law. ▲ adverse, unfavorable El fallo fué contrario. The verdict was unfavorable. ▲ [m] opponent Ganaron el pleito sus contrarios. His opponents won the lawsuit. ° al contrario on the contrary ¿Ha dicho eso?" "Al contrario, no la ha dicho." "Did he say that?" "On the contrary, he didn't say that." ° de lo contrario otherwise, if not Saldré a las seis; de lo contrario llegaré tarde. I'll leave at six; otherwise, I'll be late. ° todo la contrario just the opposite, the other way around No es lo que Ud. dice, sino todo lo contrario. It isn't what you say, but just the opposite.

contraseña countersign; pass, check (for hat, baggage, or for readmittance).

contrastar to contrast, be opposed Sus ideas contrastaban con la mías. His ideas were opposed to mine. ° contrastar bien to harmonize, go well together Esos colores contrastan muy bien. Those colors go well together. ° contrastar mal to clash Esos colores contrastan mal. Those colors clash.

contraste [m] contrast.

contratar to engage, hire Le han contratado por un año. They hired him for one year.

contratista [m] contractor.

contrato contract. contribución [f] contribution. ▲ tax Han aumentado mucho las contribuciones. They've raised the taxes considerably.

contribuir to contribute.

control [m] control.

controlar to control.

convalecencia convalescence.

convencer to convince. ° convencerse to become (or be) convinced No se convence fácilmente. He's not easily convinced.

convencido (see convencer) convinced.

conveniencia self-interest, good, advantage No mira más que su propia conveniencia. He only looks out for his own good. ° ser de la mayor conveniencia to be highly desirable Seria de la mayor conveniencia que viniese Ud. It would be highly desirable for you to come.

conveniente suitable Este clima es muy conveniente para él. This climate's very suitable for him. ▲ convenient ¿Será esta hora conveniente para Ud.? Will this time be convenient for you? ▲ desirable, advisable Es conveniente para su salud. It's advisable for his health.

convenir [irr] to agree Convengo con Ud. en ese punto. I agree with you on that point. ° convenirle a uno to be to one's advantage, be advisable, suit No le conviene aceptar ese empleo. It isn't advisable for him to take that position.

convento convent; [Arg] tenement house.

conversación [f] conversation, talk.

conversar to talk, converse Le gusta conversar. He likes to talk.

convertir [rad-ch I] to convert, turn Han convertido la casa en un museo. They've converted their house into a museum. ° convertirse to be converted Se convirtió al catolicismo. He became a Catholic.

convicción [f] conviction, belief.

convidado (see convidar) invited. ▲ [n] guest ¿Había muchos convidados en la cena? Were there many guests at the dinner?

convidar to invite Me convidaron a pasar unos días en su casa. They invited me to spend a few days at their house. ° convidarse to invite oneself, come uninvited Se convida siempre a comer. He always invites himself for dinner.

convite [m] treat; invitation ¿Esto es un convite o tenemos que pagar? Is this a treat or do we have to pay?

convocar to convoke, call ¿Han convocado ya la reunión? Have they called the meeting yet?

coñac [m] cognac, brandy.

cooperativa [f] cooperative (enterprise).

cooperativo [adj] cooperative.

copa glass, stem glass, goblet Llenó las copas de vino. He filled the glasses with wine. ▲ drink Se fueron a tomar unas copas. They went out to get a few drinks. ▲ tree-top Las copas de los árboles estaban llenas de pájaros. The trees were full of birds. ▲ crown (of a hat) La copa de este sombrero es demasiado alta. The crown of this hat's too high. ▲ heart (of playing cards) Tengo el as de copas. I have the ace of hearts. ° sombrero de copa top hat.

copia copy Necesito tres copias de esta carta. I need three copies of this letter. — Este cuadro es una buena copia del original. This painting's a good copy of the original.

copiar to copy, make a copy of; to imitate.

copla popular song.

copo flake (of snow, soap, etc).

coqueta coquette, flirt Es la mujer más coqueta que he conocido. She's the biggest flirt I've ever known.

coquetear to flirt Coquetea con todo el mundo. She flirts with everybody.

coraje [m] anger; courage, bravery. ° darle a uno coraje to make one angry or mad Lo que le dijeron le dio mucho coraje. What they told him made him very mad.

coral [m] coral.

corazón [m] heart. ▲ core (of fruits). ° dar el corazón, decir el corazón to have a premonition or hunch Me da el corazón que no vendrá. I've a hunch he isn't coming. ° de buen corazón kind-hearted Es un hombre de buen corazón. He's a kind-hearted man. ° de (todo) corazón heartily, sincerely Lo dijo de (todo) corazón. He said it very sincerely.

corazonada presentiment, hunch.

corbata necktie, tie ¿Qué tipo de corbata quiere Ud., de lazo o de nudo? What kind of tie do you want, a bow tie or a four-in-hand?

corcho cork.

cordel [m] thin rope, cord.

cordero lamb.

cordial cordial, hearty.

cordillera mountain range.

cordón [m] cord, twine, lace Quiero comprar unos cordones de zapatos. I want to buy some shoe laces. ▲ cordon (of police or soldiers).

corneta [f] bugle; cornet.

corneta [m] bugler.

coro chorus, choir.

corona crown; wreath.

coronar to crown Aquel rey fué coronado a los quince años. That king was crowned when he was fifteen years old. — Sus esfuerzos fueron coronados por el éxito. Their efforts were crowned with success.

coronel [m] colonel.

coronilla top of the head, crown. ° estar hasta la coronilla de to be fed up with ¡Estoy hasta la coronilla de sus bromas! I'm fed up with his jokes!

corporación [f] (non-profit) corporation.

corral [m] animal enclosure, corral. ° aves de corral domestic fowls.

correa strap, belt.

corrección [f] correction He tardado mucho en la corrección de estas páginas. The correction of these pages has taken me a long time. — La carta tiene muchas correcciones. The letter has many corrections. ▲ good manners Es un hombre malo pero de gran corrección. He's a bad man, but with very good manners.

correcto correct, right El libro estaba escrito en correcto español. The book was written in correct Spanish. ▲ irreproachable Su conducta es muy correcta. His conduct is irreproachable.

corredor [m] runner, racer; corridor.

corregir [rad-ch III] to correct Corrija Ud. los errores. Correct the errors. ▲ to discipline, correct No le han corregido cuando era malo. They didn't discipline him when he was bad.

correo mail ¿Ha venido el correo? Has the mail come? ▲ post office ¿Está cerca de aquí el correo (or la oficina de correos) ? Is the post office near here? ° administrador de correos postmaster. ° correo aéreo air mail Envié Ud. sus cartas por correo aéreo. Send your letters by air mail. ° correo certificado registered mail. ° echar al correo to mail ¿Echó Ud. las cartas al correo? Did you mail the letters? ° lista de correos general delivery.

correr to run Tenemos que correr para llegar a tiempo. We'll have to run to get there on time. ▲ to race Su caballo correrá mañana. His horse is racing tomorrow. ▲ to flow El río corre hacia el sur. The river flows towards the south. ▲ to blow Corre un viento muy fresco. A very cool wind's blowing. ▲ to move, push Corre esa silla para aquí. Push that chair over here. ▲ to slide, draw Corre la cortina. Draw the curtain. ▲ to go over, travel over Han corrido medio mundo. They've traveled over half the world. ° correr el rumor to be rumored Corre el rumor de que se va a casar. It's rumored that he's going to get married. ° correr por cuenta de uno to be one's affair, to be up to one Eso corre por mi cuenta. I'll take care of that, or That's up to me.

correspondencia correspondence Hemos mantenido correspondencia desde hace años. We've kept up a correspondence for years. ▲ mail Voy a abrir la correspondencia. I'm going to open the mail. ° en justa correspondencia in reciprocation, to get even Lo hice en justa correspondencia. I did it to get even.

corresponder to correspond, match Estos botones no corresponden. These buttons don't match. ▲ to concern, be up to Eso le corresponde a Ud. That's up to you. ▲ to return, reciprocate, respond to Correspondió a sus atenciones. She responded to his attentions.

corresponsal [m] correspondent.

corrida ° corrida de toros bullfight.

corrido corrido (typical Latin American song and dance).

corriente current, common No es de uso corriente. It's not current usage. ▲ ordinary Está hecho con tela corriente. It's made of ordinary cloth. ▲ running, flowing ¿Hay agua corriente en este cuarto? Does this room have running water? ▲ instant, present (month or year) Contesté a su carte el veinte del corriente (mes). I answered your letter on the twentieth instant (or on the twentieth of the present month). ▲ [f] current (of electricity, air, river) Cuidado, la corriente es muy fuerte. Be careful, the current's very strong. ° al corriente informed, posted Le tendré al corriente de lo que pase. I'll keep you informed of what happens. ° contra corriente upstream, against the tide. ° corriente y moliente commonplace Es una expresión corriente y moliente. It's a commonplace expression. ° dejarse llevar de la corriente to follow the current, follow the crowd En todo se deja llevar de la corriente. He always follows the crowd. corromper to corrupt.

corrupción [f] corruption.

cortada cut, wound [Mex] Tengo una cortada en la mano. I have a cut on my hand.

cortado [adj] cut El traje estaba muy bien cortado. The suit was well cut. ▲ chapped Tengo las manos cortadas por el frío. My hands are chapped from the cold. ▲ confused, abashed Se quedó cortado y no pudo seguir hablando. He became confused and couldn't continue talking.

cortador [m] cutter (tailoring).

cortadura cut (wound) Tiene una cortadura muy profunda en el pie. He has a very deep cut on his foot.

cortapapeles [m sg] paper knife.

cortaplumas [m sg] penknife, pocket-knife.

cortar to cut ¿Tiene Ud. algo con que cortar esta cuerda? Have you anything to cut this string? ▲ to interrupt, stop, cut short Su entrada cortó la conversación. His entrance interrupted the conversation. — Por favor, no me cortes el relato. Please don't interrupt my story. ▲ to cut off Tiene Ud. que cortar los tallos de esas flores. You'll have to cut off the stems of these flowers. ▲ to cut out El sastre todavía no ha cortado el traje. The tailor still hasn't cut out the suit. ▲ to shut off, cut off (steam, water, electricity) Han cortado la electricidad. They shut off the electricity. ▲ to cut out, abridge Han cortado algunas escenas importantes de la película. They cut out several important scenes in the picture. ° cortar al prójimo to criticize [Am] Le gusta mucho cortar el prójima. He likes to criticize others. ° cortar el hilo to interrupt, break the thread (of a story) Por favor, no mé cortes el hilo. Please don't interrupt my story. ° cortársele a uno to get chapped Se me ha cortado la cara con el viento. My face has got chapped in the cold wind. corte [m] cut Tenía un pequeño corte en la mano. He had a small cut on his hand. ▲ cut (style) Este traje tiene buen corte. This suit's well cut. ▲ length (of material) Le regaló un corte de vestido. He presented her with a dress length.

corte [f] court [Am] El pleito será juzgado en la Corte Suprema. The case will be tried in the Supreme Court. ° hacer la corte to court, woo Le está haciendo la corte desde hace tiempo. He's been courting her for some time. ° las cortes [pl] the Spanish parliament. cortedad [f] bashfulness, shyness, timidity.

cortés polite, courteous No es una respuesta muy cortés. It's not a very courteous answer.

cortesía courtesy.

corteza bark (of tree); crust (of bread).

cortijo ranch [Andalusia].

cortina curtain.

corto short La chaqueta me está demasiado corta. The jacket's too short for me. ▲ bashful, shy. ° a la corta o a la larga sooner or later Les veremos a la corta o a la larga. We'll see 'em sooner or later. ° corto de vista near-sighted Tiene que usar gafas porque es muy corto de vista. He has to wear glasses because he's very nearsighted.

cosa thing Eso ya es otra cosa. That's quite another thing. ° como si tal cosa as if nothing had happened. ° cosa de about, more or less Serían cosa de veinte personas. There must have been about twenty people. ° cosa de ver thing worth seeing. ° cosa nunca vista something unheard of. ° cosas ideas, notions ¡Qué cosas tiene Ud.! What ideas you have ! ° cosas de of the nature of, pertaining to. ° cosas de niños childish things (doings or sayings). ° no ... gran cosa not ... much No vale gran cosa. It isn't worth much. — No dijo gran cosa. He didn't say much. ° no hay tal cosa no such thing.

coscorrón [m] blow on the head.

cosecha crop, harvest.

cosechar to reap, harvest.

coser to sew.

cosmopolita [adj] cosmopolitan.

cosquilla tickle. ° buscarle a uno las cosquillas to pick on one. ° hacer cosquillas to tickle. ° tener cosquillas to be ticklish.

cosquilloso ticklish.

costa coast Viven en un pueblecito de la costa. They live in a little village on the coast. ° a costa de by dint of, at the expense of Lo hizo a costa de su salud. He did it at the expense of his health.— A costa de mucho trabajo consiguió lo que quería. By dint of hard work he got what he wanted. ° a poca costa with little effort Lo consiguió a poca costa. He got it with little effort. ° a toda casta at all hazards, at any cost Lo hará a toda costa. He'll do it at any cost.

costado side, flank.

costar [rad-ch I] to cost Eso cuesta demasiado. That costs too much.

coste [m] cost, price.

costilla rib Se rompió una costilla montando en bicicleta. He broke a rib riding his bike. ▲ better half, wife Tengo que ver a mi costilla. I must see my better half.

costo cost, price.

costoso costly, expensive.

costumbre [f] custom; habit.

costura sewing; seam.

cotidiano [adj] daily.

cotorra parrot.

coyuntura joint (of body) Le duelen las coyunturas. His joints hurt. ▲ opportunity, chance Es una buena coyuntura para hacer dinero. It's a good chance to make money.

coz [f] kick (of animals).

cráneo skull (of living person or animal).

cráter [m] crater.

creación [f] creation.

creador [m] creator.

crear to create ¿Quien creó el mundo? Who created the world? ▲ to create, design Están creando nuevos modelos de aeroplanos. They're designing new airplane models. ▲ to create, cause Creó muchos disgustos su actuación. His actions caused a lot of trouble.

crecer [-zc-] to increase Su capital ha crecido en los últimos años. His capital's increased in the last few years. ▲ to grow ¡Cómo crece ese niño! How that child's growing!

crecimiento growth.

crédito credit Puedo comprar a crédito en esta tienda. I can buy on credit at this store. ° dar crédito a to believe No di ningún crédito al relato. I didn't believe the story at all.

creencia belief.

creer to believe Creyó lo que Ud. le dijo. He believed what you told him. ▲ to think, believe No lo creo. I don't think so. || ¡Ya lo creo! Of course!

crema cream (of milk); cream (cosmetic).

crespo curly.

cretona cretonne.

cría breeding, stock breeding Se dedicó a la cría de caballos. He devoted himself to horse breeding. ▲ the young (of animals) La gata tuvo una cría. The cat had a litter.— Esa cerdo tiene buena cría. That sow has a fine litter. ° ama de cría wet nurse.

criada maid, servant.

criado servant.

criar to raise, bring up.

criatura baby, infant ¡Cómo llora esta criatura! How this baby cries! — ¡No seas criatura! Don't be a baby!

crimen [m] crime (spilling of blood).

criminal [adj, n] criminal.

crío baby (fretful).

criollo [adj, n] Creole.

crisis [f] crisis.

cristal [m] crystal, glass ¿Cuánto vale este juego de cristal? How much is this set of crystal worth? ▲ window pane El cristal de esta ventana está roto. The pane of this window's broken. ▲ crystal, lens Se me han roto los cristales de las gafas y el del reloj. I've broken my lenses and my watch crystal.

cristianismo Christianity.

cristiano [adj, n] Christian.

Cristo Christ.

criterio criterion No tenemos los dos el mismo criterio. The two of us don't have the same criterion. ▲ judgment Es un hombre de buen criterio. He's a man of good judgment.

crítica criticism.

criticar to criticize.

crítico critical ▲ [m] critic.

cruda hangover [Mex], crudo raw, not cooked enough Estas patatas están muy crudas. These potatoes weren't cooked long enough. ▲ crude Habla de una manera muy cruda. He speaks very crudely.

cruel cruel.

crueldad [f] cruelty.

cruz [f] cross.

cruzar to cross, go across Cuidado al cruzar la calle. Be careful when you cross the street. ° cruzarse con to pass (a person) Me crucé con él en la calle. I passed him in the street. ° cruzarse de brazos to fold one's arms; to be idle.

cuaderno notebook.

cuadra stable; [Am] block of houses.

cuadrado [adj; n m] square (shape).

cuadro painting Es un cuadro de Velazquez. It's a painting by Velazquez. ▲ scene La obra está dividida en tres actos y ocho cuadros. The play's divided into three acts and eight scenes. ° a cuadros plaid, checked Llevaba un traje a cuadros. She was wearing a checked dress.

cuajado de filled with La calle estaba cuajada de gente. The street was filled with people.

cuajar to materialize No cuajó su plan. His plan didn't materialize. ° cuajarse to coagulate La sangre se cuajó en el suelo. The blood coagulated on the ground. ° leche cuajada junket.

¿cuál? which? which one? what? ¿Cuál de los dos lo hizo? Which one of the two did it? — ¿Cual es el número de su casa? What's the number of your house? ° por lo cual for that reason, that's why Me dijo que estabas enfermo, por lo cual te he llamado. He told me you were ill and that's why I'm calling. || Cual el padre, tal el hijo. Like father, like son.

cualidad [f] quality, trait.

cualquier(a) any, whatever, whatsoever Llegarán cualquier día. They'll come any day now. — Déme un libro cualquiera. Give me any book whatsoever. ▲ any, any one Déme Ud. cualquiera de esos libros. Give me any (one) of those books. ▲ anyone (at all) Cualquiera puede hacer eso. Anyone can do that. ° un cualquiera a nobody, low-down fellow Es un cualquiera. He's a low-down fellow.

cuando when Cuando Ud. venga se lo diré. When you come I'll tell you. ▲ if Cuando Ud. lo dice será verdad. If you say so, it must be true. ° ¿cuándo? when? ¿Cuándo vendrá Ud.? When will you come? ° cuando más at most Cuando más, costará treinta pesos. It'll cost, at the most, thirty pesos. ° cuando quiera when you please, when you're ready Cuando Ud. quiera, empezamos. When you're ready, we'll begin. ° de cuando en cuando from time to time Vendré a verle de cuando en cuando. I'll come to see you from time to time.

cuanto all that, as much as Le daré a Ud. cuanto necesite. I'll give you all that you need. ° cuánto how much? ¿Cuánto cuesta? How much does it cost? ▲ how ¡Cuánto me alegro de verle! How glad I am to see you ! ° cuanto antes as soon as possible Venga cuanto antes. Come as soon as possible. ° cuanto más ... menos the more ... the less Cuanto más me lo digas menos te creeré. The more you tell me, the less I'll believe you. ° ¿cuántos? how many? ¿Cuántos vendrán? How many will come ? ° en cuanto as soon as En cuanto llegue avíseme. Let me know as soon as he arrives.

cuarenta forty.

cuaresma Lent.

cuarta span (of the hand).

cuartel [m] barracks.

cuarto room Está en su cuarto. He's in his room. ▲ quarter, one fourth Le he esperado más de un cuarto de hora. I waited for him for more than a quarter of an hour. ▲ fourth Carlos IV (cuarto). Charles the Fourth. ▲ cuarto (old Spanish coin) No tengo un cuarto. I don't have any money. ° cuarto de baño bathroom. || Son las tres y cuarto. It's a quarter past three.

cuatro four.

cuatrocientos four hundred.

cuba barrel, cask.

cubeta pail, bucket [Am].

cubierta wrapping El paquete tenía una cubierta de papel grueso. The package was wrapped in thick paper. ▲ cover (of book, magazine). ▲ deck (of ship) Estuvimos paseando sobre cubierta. We were walking on the deck.

cubierto (see cubrir) covered. ▲ [m] place at table. ° cubiertos set of silver; cover.

cubrir [irr] to cover Cúbralo con un plato. Cover it with a plate. ▲ to cover, balance Sus ingresos cubrían sus gastos. His earnings covered his expenses. ° cubrirse to put on one's hat Cúbrase Ud. Put on your hat.

cucaracha cockroach.

cuchara soup spoon, tablespoon.

cucharada tablespoonful.

cucharadita teaspoonful.

cucharilla teaspoon.

cucharón [m] ladle.

cuchichear to whisper.

cuchicheo whisper, whispering.

cuchilla wide blade; razor blade.

cuchillo knife.

cuelgo See colgar.

cuello neck Tiene un cuello muy largo. He has a long neck. ▲ neck (of a bottle) Se le ha roto en cuello a la botella. The neck of the bottle was broken. ▲ collar Necesito una camisa de cuello duro. I need a shirt with a stiff collar.

cuenta account Póngalo en la nienta. Put it on my account. ▲ bill ¿Le ha pedido la cuenta al camarero? Did you ask the waiter for the bill? ° a cuenta y riesgo at one's own risk Lo hizo a su cuenta y riesgo. He did it at his own risk. ° caer en la cuenta to figure out, catch on No caigo en la cuenta de lo que quiere Ud. decirme. I can't figure out what you're trying to tell me. ° dar cuenta de to account for, report Hay que dar cuenta de este dinero. You must account for this money. ▲ to exhaust, finish up Dio cuenta de todo el tabaco. He finished up all the tobacco. ° darse cuenta de to realize Se dio cuenta de su error. He realized his mistake. ° en resumidas cuentas in short, in a word En resumidas cuentas, no quiso venir. In short, he wouldn't come. ° hacer cuentas de to compute, calculate, figure out Estaba haciendo las cuentas de la casa. She was figuring out her household expenses. ° tener en cuenta to keep in mind Tenga en cuenta lo que le digo. Keep in mind what I tell you. ° tomar por su cuenta to take upon oneself Ese asunto lo tomo yo por mi cuenta. I'll take that matter upon myself. || Eso no me tiene cuenta. That isn't convenient for me.

cuento story, tale Compró un libro de cuentos. He bought a book of stories. ° dejarse de cuentos to stop beating around the bush, come to the point.

no venir a cuento not to have bearing on the question Lo que dice Ud. ahora no viene a cuento. What you're saying now has nothing to do with the question.

cuerda cord ¿Tiene Ud. una cuerda para atar este paquete? Do you have a cord to tie this package with? ▲ string Tengo que cambiar una cuerda a la guitarra. I have to change a string on the guitar. ▲ spring, mainspring Se le rompió la cuerda al reloj. The watch spring broke. ° dar cuerda a to wind (a watch or clock) No le di cuerda al reloj anoche. I didn't wind the clock last night.

cuerno horn (of an animal).

cuero tanned skin, leather La maleta es de cuero. It's a leather valise. ▲ skin El elefante tiene el cuero muy duro. The elephant's skin is very tough. ° cuero cabelludo scalp Es una enfermedad del cuero cabelludo. It's a scalp disease. ° en cueros stark-naked.

cuerpo body. ▲ corps Pertenece al cuerpo diplomático. He belongs to the diplomatic corps. ▲ corpse, body Encontraron el cuerpo en el río. They found the body in the river. ° tomar cuerpo to take shape El proyecto va tomando cuerpo. The project's taking shape.

cuervo crow.

cuesta slope, hill Al otro lado de la cuesta está el río. The river's on the other side of the hill. ° a cuestas on one's back Llevaba la carga a cuestas. He was carrying the load on his back. ° cuesta abajo downhill. ° cuesta arriba uphill.

cuestión [f] question (problem) Esta es la cuestión que tenemos que resolver. That's the question we have to solve. ▲ argument Tuve una cuestión con él. I had an argument with him.

cueva cave; cellar.

cuidado care El cuidado de la piel es importante. Care of the skin is important. ▲ keeping, care Considera muy importante el cuidado de su casa. She considers the care of her home very important. ° estar con cuidado to be anxious or worried Tardan tanto que estoy con cuidado. They're so late that I'm worried. ° tener cuidado to be careful Tenga cuidado al bajar. Be careful going down. || ¡Cuidado! Look out!

cuidadoso careful, painstaking.

cuidar to take care of, mind Cuida muy bien de los niños. She takes very good care of the children.

culebra snake.

culpa fault, blame Eso no ha ocurrido por mi culpa. It isn't my fault that it happened. ▲ sin Confesó todas sus culpas. He confessed all his sins. ° echar la culpa a to blame No me eches la culpa a mi. Don't blame me. ° tener la culpa to be to blame Ella tiene la culpa de todo. She's to blame for everything.

culpable guilty.

culpar to blame, accuse.

cultivado (see cultivar) cultured, cultivated Es un hombre muy cultivado. He's a very cultured man.

cultivar to cultivate.

cultivo cultivation, growing Se dedican al cultivo del algodón. They devote themselves to the growing of cotton. ▲ cultivated fields, crops La inundación arruinó los cultivos. The flood ruined the crops.

culto cultured, educated Es un hombre muy culto. He's a very cultured man. ▲ [m] worship Acaban de abrir al culto esta iglesia. They've just opened this church for worship.

cultura culture (of the mind).

cumbre [f] top, summit.

cumpleaños [m sg] birthday ¡Feliz cumpleaños! Happy birthday!

cumplido polite Es un hombre muy cumplido. He's a very polite man.

cumplidor reliable Es muy cumplidor en su trabajo. He's very reliable in his work.

cumplidos formalities ¡Basta de cumplidos! Enough of formalities!

cumplimiento performance, fulfillment Murió en el cumplimiento de su deber. He died in the performance of his duty. ▲ compliment Me llenó de cumplimientos. He paid me many compliments.

cumplir to carry out, execute ¡Cumpla Ud. mis órdenes! Carry out my orders! ▲ to keep (a promise) Cumplirá lo que nos ha prometido. He'll keep his promise to us. ° cumplir ... (años) to reach one's ... birthday Mañana cumpliré veinte y cinco. I'll be twenty-five tomorrow. ° cumplirse to mature, fall due Hoy se cumple el plazo. The installment falls due today.

cuna cradle.

cuneta gutter (along highway).

cuña wedge.

cuñada sister-in-law.

cuñado brother-in-law.

cuota share, quota; dues.

cúpula dome.

cura [m] priest, minister Es el cura de esta parroquia. He's the priest of this parish. ▲ [f] cure, treatment El médico venía a hacerle la(s) cura(s). The doctor came to dress his wound. ° cura de urgencia first aid.

curación [f] healing, recovery.

curar to treat, dress the wounds of Los médicos estuvieron curando a los heridos. The doctors were treating the wounded. ▲ to salt, cure, preserve No han curado bien estos jamones. They haven't cured these hams well. ° curarse to recover Se ha curado muy bien de la pulmonía. He's completely recovered from pneumonia.

curiosidad [f] curiosity; curio.

curioso curious, inquisitive. ▲ odd, strange, quaint, rare Es un tipo curioso. He's very odd.

cursi unsuccessfully pretentious.

curso course (direction) Seguimos el curso del río. We followed the course of the river. ▲ course (of studies) Estudia un curso de historia. He's taking a history course. ▲ course (development) La enfermedad sigue su curso. The ailment's taking its course.

curtido (see curtir) experienced, hardened (by life) Es un hombre curtido por la vida. He's a man hardened by life.

curtir to tan (hides). ° curtirse to become tanned or weatherbeaten.

curva curve.

cutis [m] complexion.

cuyo whose Este es el hombre cuya hija conociste ayer. This is the man whose daughter you met yesterday.

dados dice. ° jugar a los dados to shoot dice.

dama lady. Primero las damas. Ladies first.

danza dance (spectacle) Ha escrito un libro sobre la historia de la danza. He's written a book on the history of the dance.

danzar to dance (as a performance).

dañar to damage. ° dañarse to damage Al aterrizar se le dañó un ala al avión. The plane damaged a wing in landing.

daño damage El temporal causó gran daño. The storm caused a lot of damage. ° daños damages Tuvo que pagar los daños. He had to pay the damages. ° hacerle daño a uno to be harmful to one, not to agree with one Me hace daño la comida picante. Highly spiced food doesn't agree with me. ° hacerse daño to get hurt, hurt oneself Me hice daño en el pie. I hurt my foot.

dar [irr] to give. ▲ to bear Este árbol da muy buena fruta. This tree bears good fruit. ▲ to show No da señales de vida. He doesn't show any sign of life. ▲ to show (movies or plays) ¿Dónde dan esa película? Where's that movie showing? ° dar a to face, overlook Las ventanas dan a la calle. The windows face the street. ° dar a conocer to make known Dio a conocer su opinión. He made his opinion known. ° dar a entender to pretend El da a entender que no le interesa. He pretends that it doesn't interest him. ▲ to insinuate, drive at ¿Qué quiere dar a entender? What are you driving at? ° dar (al) fiado to sell or give on credit Se lo podemos dar fiado. We can let you have it on credit. ° dar calabazas See calabaza. ° dar con to find, locate No puedo dar con él. I can't locate him. ° dar de baja to dismiss Le han dado de baja del equipo. They've dropped him from the team. ° dar de sí to stretch, give Estos calcetines no dan de sí cuando se lavan. These socks don't stretch when you wash 'em. ° dar el golpe to create a sensation, make a hit Darás el golpe con ese vestido. You'll make a hit with that dress. ° dar en to hit ¡Al fin ha dado Ud. en el clavo! At last you've hit the nail on the head ! ▲ to take to Dio en coleccionar sellos. He took to stamp collecting. ° dar fin a to complete, finish Dimos fin a la obra. We finished the work. ° dar guerra to make trouble or a rumpus Dile a los chicos que no den guerra. Tell the boys not to make a rumpus. ° dar la hora to strike El reloj de la catedral acaba de dar las tres. The cathedral's clock just struck three. ° dar la razón to agree, be of the same opinion Le doy la razón. I agree with you. ° dar las gracias to thank No le dieron las gracias. They didn't thank him. ° darle a uno to be stricken with, come down with (illness) Me dio el sarampión. I came down with measles. ° darle a uno gana(s) to want, desire Me dan ganas de comprar un automóvil. I want to buy an automobile. ° dar ... manos de to put on ... coats (as of paint) Dio dos manos de pintura a la pared. He put two coats of paint on the wall. ° dar parte to report ¿Dieron ya parte a la policía? Have they reported it to the police yet? ° dar por cierto or seguro to feel sure Doy por seguro que vendrá. I feel sure he'll come. ° dar por hecho to assume, take for granted Lo dimos por hecho. We took it for granted. ° dar que decir or hablar to cause criticism Eso dará mucho que decir. That'll cause a lot of criticism. ° dar que hacer to give or cause trouble or work ¡Estos niños me dan tanto qué hacer! These children give me so much trouble! ° dar que pensar to make suspicious Su conducta extraña me dio que pensar. His queer behavior made me suspicious. ° dar recuerdos to give regards Déle recuerdos de mi parte. Give him my regards. ° dar saltos to jump Al ver a su padre los niños dieron saltos de alegría. When they saw their father, the children jumped for joy. ° darse la mano to shake hands ¡Ea, dense la mano, muchachos! Come on, shake hands, boys ! ° darse prisa to hurry ¡Dése prisa que perdemos el tren! Hurry up or we'll miss the train! ° (no) darle a uno la gana (not) to feel like No me da la gana (de) hacerlo. I don't feel like doing it. or I refuse to do it.

datos data.

de of, -'s Viven en casa de mi madre. They live in my mother's house. ▲ of Haga el favor de darme un vaso de agua. Please give me a glass of water. ▲ from Soy de Madrid. I'm from Madrid. ▲ about ¿Habla Ud. de mi amiga? Are you talking about my friend? ▲ in Se lo bebió de un trago. He drank it in one gulp. ▲ with ¿Quién es esa señora del sombrero rojo? Who's the woman with the red hat? ▲ to Es la hora de salir. It's time to leave.

debajo de beneath, under Encontrará Ud. la carta debajo de estos papeles. You'll find the letter under these papers.

debate [m] debate.

deber to owe Nos debe mucho dinero. He owes us a lot of money. ▲ to have to, must Debemos irnos. We have to go. ° deber de must be (probability) Debe de hacer frío. It must be pretty cold.

deber [m] duty, obligation Cumple con su deber. He does his duty.

débil weak Después de su enfermedad se ha quedado muy débil. Since his illness he's been very weak.

debilidad [f] weakness.

debilitar to weaken.

debut [m] debut.

decadencia decline.

decaer [irr] to fail Su salud decae. His health's failing. ▲ to lessen, fall off Ha decaído mucho el interés del público. Public interest has fallen off a lot.

decano dean.

decente nice, decent A ese lugar no va gente decente. No decent people go to that place. ▲ honest Creo que son personas decentes. I think they're honest people.

decepción [f] disappointment. decepcionar to disappoint.

decidido (see decidir) determined Es una persona muy decidida. He's a very determined person.

decidir to decide Decidieron hacer el viaje en seguida. They decided to make the trip right away. ° decidirse a to make up one's mind to Se decidió a casarse con ella. He made up his mind to marry her.

décimo tenth. ▲ [m] one-tenth of a lottery ticket.

decir [irr] to tell No dijo la verdad. He didn't tell the truth. ▲ to say ¿Qué dice hoy el periódico? What does the paper say today? ° como quien no dice nada as if it were of no importance Habló de ganar miles de dólares como quien no dice nada. He spoke of earning thousands of dollars as if it were nothing. ° decir bien to be right Dice Ud. bien. That's right. ° decir para sí to say to oneself. ° decir por decir to talk for the sake of talking, talk to make conversation No hace más que decir por decir. He just talks for the sake of talking. ° el qué dirán gossip, what people will say No hay que preocuparse del qué dirán. One shouldn't worry about what people are going to say. ° es decir that is to say, that is. ° querer decir to mean ¿Qué quiere decir eso? What does that mean? ° ser un decir to be a manner of speaking Todo esto es un decir. All this is a manner of speaking. || ¡Diga! Hello! (telephone) [Sp, Cuba] .

decisión [f] determination Muestra siempre mucha decisión en todo lo que emprende. He always shows great determination in everything he undertakes. ▲ decision ¿Han hecho ya pública la decisión del tribunal? Have they announced the decision of the court yet?

decisivo decisive, final.

declaración [f] declaration ¿Fué después de la declaración de guerra? Was it after the declaration of war? ▲ statement Lea Ud. su declaración antes de firmarla. Read your statement before you sign it.

declarar to testify Después declararon los testigos. Afterwards the witnesses testified. ° declararse to declare one's love No se me ha declarado todavía. He hasn't told me he loves me yet. ° declararse en huelga to declare a strike.

decoración [f] decoration. ▲ (stage) setting, props Las decoraciones de la obra eran muy acertadas. The settings of the play were very appropriate.

decorar to decorate.

decoro dignity, decorum.

decretar to decree.

decreto decree.

dedal [m] thimble.

dedicar to devote Dedica todo su tiempo al trabajo. He devotes all his time to his work. ▲ to inscribe, autograph El autor me ha dedicado su libro. The author has autographed his book for me. ▲ to dedicate El libro está dedicado al Presidente. The book's dedicated to the President.

dedillo ° saber al dedillo to know perfectly.

dedo finger; toe. ° dedo anular ring finger. ° dedo gordo thumb; big toe. ° dedo índice index finger. ° dedo medio middle finger. ° dedo meñique little finger, pinky. ° dedo pulgar thumb.

deducir [-zc-] to deduce, imagine Se pueden deducir las consecuencias. You can imagine the consequences. ▲ subtract, deduct Deduzca Ud. esa cantidad del total. Subtract this amount from the total.

defecto defect, imperfection, shortcoming No tiene defectos físicos. He has no physical defects.

defectuoso defective, faulty.

defender [rad-ch I] to defend Defendió su opinión con energía. He defended his opinion with vigor. ▲ to protect La pared nos defendía del viento. The wall protected us from the wind.

defensa defense, protection.

defensor [m] defender Era uno de los defensores de Bataan. He was one of the defenders of Bataan. ▲ champion Siempre ha sido uno de mis defensores. He's always been one of my champions. ▲ [adj] for the defense Después habló el abogado defensor. Then the attorney for the defense spoke.

deficiencia deficiency.

definir to define.

definitivo final, definite.

deformar to deform.

degenerar to degenerate.

dejado (see dejar) sloppy ¡Anda siempre tan dejado! He's always so sloppy!

dejar to leave Dejó el libro sobre la mesa. He left the book on the table. ▲ to let, leave Déjale tranquilo. Let him alone. ▲ to leave, abandon Dejó a su mujer y a sus hijos. He left his wife and children. ▲ to intrust, leave, turn over Dejó sus negocios a su hijo por un año. He turned the business over to his son for a year. ▲ to yield, produce, pay (income, dividends, profit) Es un negocio que deja muchas ganancias. It's a business that pays big dividends. ▲ to give up, leave Ha dejado ese empleo. He's left that job. ▲ to permit, allow, let Déjeme Ud. que se lo explique. Let me explain it to you. ° dejar caer to drop Cuidado, no dejes caer la botella. Be careful, don't drop the bottle. ° dejar de to stop Dejó de comer. He stopped eating. ° dejar dicho to leave word Dejó dicho que vendría a las cuatro. He left word that he'd come at four. ° dejar en paz to leave alone Déjeme en paz porque estoy trabajando. Leave me alone; I'm working. ° dejar sin efecto to cancel. ° no dejar de not to fail to No dejes de venir a verme. Don't fail to come and see me.

del (de + el; see de) Es el padre del abogado. He's the lawyer's father. — Acaba de llegar del extranjero. He's just arrived from abroad.

delantal [m] apron.

delante de before, in front of Mi casa está delante de la catedral. My house is in front of the cathedral. ▲ before, in front of, in the presence of No digas esas cosas delante de una señora. Don't say such things in front of a lady.

delantera start, lead El caballo blanco ha tornado la delantera. The white horse has taken the lead. ▲ front row (of seats). ▲ front, facade (of building).

delantero front Hay que arreglar el delantero de la chaqueta. You have to fix the front of the jacket. ▲ forward (basketball, soccer).

delegación [f] delegation Es un miembro de la delegación española. He's a member of the Spanish delegation. ° delegación de policía police station Lo llevaron a la delegación de policía. They took him to the police station.

delegado delegated. ▲ [n] delegate.

deletrear to spell (out) ¿Quiere Ud. hacer el favor de deletrear su apellido? Would you spell your name, please?

delgado thin, slim Se ha quedado muy delgado. He's become very thin. ▲ thin, light Ese abrigo es muy delgado. That coat's too thin.

deliberar to deliberate El jurado está todavía deliberando. The jury's still deliberating.

delicadeza delicacy.

delicado delicate.

delicia delight.

delicioso delightful Hemos pasado un rato delicioso. We had a delightful time. ▲ delicious El postre está delicioso. The dessert's delicious.

delincuente [adj; n] delinquent.

delirio delirium El delirio le duró toda la noche. The delirium lasted all night. ° con delirio madly La quiere con delirio. He's madly in love with her. ° delirio de grandeza delusions of grandeur.

delito misdemeanor, crime.

demanda claim, demand, request Han aceptado nuestra demanda. They've accepted our demand. ▲ demand, call (Com) Ahora hay mucha demanda de este artículo. There's a great demand for this article now. ° demanda (judicial) legal proceeding, court action Entablaré demanda contra ellos. I'll take court action against them. ° oferta y demanda supply and demand.

demás ° lo demás the rest Luego contaré la demás. I'll tell you the rest later. ° los demás, las demás others, the others, the rest Esperemos a los demás. Let's wait for the others. ° por demás too, too much Eso es por demás. That's too much. ° por lo demás aside from this, as to the rest Por lo demás me parece bien. Aside from this, it seems all right to me. ° todo lo demás everything else.

demasiado [adj] too much, too many Había demasiada gente. There were too many people there. ▲ [adv] too much Cuesta demasiado. It costs too much.

demente mad, insane. ▲ [m] insane person.

democracia democracy.

demócrata [m, f] democrat.

democrático democratic.

demoler [rad-ch I] to demolish.

demonio devil ¿Para qué demonios lo quiere? What the devil does he want it for? ° ¡demonio! damn (it)! ¡Demonio, qué frío hace! Damn it, it's cold!

demora delay.

demorar to delay Se demoraron en el camino. They were delayed on the way. demostración [f] proof Eso no necesita demostración. That doesn't need any proof. ▲ demonstration Se le recibió con grandes demostraciones de alegría. He was received with great demonstrations of joy.

demostrar [rad-ch I] to prove Demostró que tenía razón. He proved he was right. ▲ to show Demostró mucho talento. He showed great talent.

densidad [f] density.

dentadura set of teeth.

dentífrico toothpaste, toothpowder.

dentista [m, f] dentist.

dentro inside, into, within Le espero dentro. I'll wait for you inside. ° a dentro See adentro. ° dentro de inside (of) Está dentro del cajón. It's inside the drawer. ▲ in, within Vendrá dentro de dos meses. He'll be here in two months. ° dentro de poco soon, in a little while Nos veremos dentro de poco. I'll see you again soon. ° por dentro inside, on the inside La caja está pintada por dentro. The box is painted on the inside.

denunciar to denounce.

departamento section, department. ▲ apartment [Am] Viven en una casa de departamentos. They live in an apartment house.

depender to depend, be dependent No le gusta depender de nadie. He doesn't like to be dependent on anyone. ° depende it depends Depende de lo que quiera Ud. hacer. It depends on what you want to do.

dependiente [m, f] clerk, salesman.

deplorar to deplore, regret, lament.

deponer [irr] to depose.

deportar to deport, exile.

deporte [m] sport ¿Le gustan a Ud. los deportes? Do you like sports?

deportista [m, f] sportsman, sportswoman. ▲ [adj] fond of sports.

deportivo [adj] sport, athletic.

depositar to deposit Depositaron su dinero en el banco. They deposited their money in the bank. ▲ to put, have Deposité en él toda mi confianza. I put all my trust in him.

depósito deposit, bond Para entrar en el país hay que dejar un depósito. You must leave a deposit in order to enter the country. ▲ warehouse Estos edificios son los depósitos de la fábrica. These buildings are the warehouses of the factory. ° depósito de agua water tank; reservoir. ° en depósito on deposit.

depravado depraved, lewd.

depreciado depreciated Esa mercadería está depreciada. That merchandise has depreciated.

depresión [f] depression.

deprimir to depress.

derecha right (hand), right (side) Tomamos el camino de la derecha. We took the road to the right. — Conserve (or lleve) la derecha. Keep to the right. ° a derechas right, well No hace nada a derechas. He doesn't do anything right. ° a la derecha to the right. ° de derecha conservative Pertenece a un partido de derecha. He belongs to a conservative party.

derecho [adj] right (opposed to left) Llevaba un anillo en la mano derecha. He wore a ring on his right hand. ▲ straight Póngase Ud. la corbata derecha. Straighten your tie. ▲ [m] right Ud. no tiene derecho a decirme eso. You have no right to say that to me. ▲ law Es estudiante de derecho. He's a law student. ° del derecho right side out Fíjese que esté del derecho. Make sure it's right side out. ° derechos de aduana customs duties No tiene Ud. que pagar derechos de aduana. You don't have to pay duty. ° derechos de autor copyright; royalties. ° hecho y derecho grown-up, full-fledged Es un hombre hecho y derecho. He's a real man now. ° ponerse derecho to stand up straight.

derecho [adv] straight, right Siga Ud. todo derecho hasta la plaza. Go straight ahead to the square.

derramar to spill Derramó el agua en el mantel. He spilled water on the tablecloth.

derretir [rad-ch III] to melt El sol está derritiendo la nieve. The sun's melting the snow. ° derretirse to melt La mantequilla se está derritiendo. The butter's melting.

derribar to demolish, tear down Han derribado muchas casas viejas. Many old houses have been torn down. ▲ to throw down, knock down De un golpe lo derribó al suelo. He knocked him down with one blow. ▲ to overthrow Derribaron al gobierno. They overthrew the government.

derrochar to waste, squander.

derrota defeat, rout.

derrotar to defeat, rout.

derrumbarse to collapse, tumble down El puente se derrumbó. The bridge collapsed.

derrumbe [m] landslide Hay un derrumbe en el camino. There's a landslide on the road.

desabrigarse to take off outer clothing, to expose oneself (to cold).

desabrochar to unclasp, unbutton, unfasten.

desacierto error, mistake, blunder.

desacreditar to discredit.

desacuerdo disagreement.

desafiar to challenge Le desafío a una partida de ajedrez. I challenge you to a game of chess. ▲ to defy Desafiaba el peligro. He defied the danger.

desafinar to be out of tune.

desafío duel; challenge; match (sports).

desagradable disagreeable, unpleasant.

desagradar to displease Me desagrada mucho lo que Ud. ha hecho. I'm very much displeased with what you did.

desagrado displeasure.

desaguar to drain, draw liquid off.

desagüe [m] drain (plumbing).

desahogado comfortable Viven de una manera muy desahogada. They live very comfortably. ▲ cheeky, nervy ¡Qué tío más desahogado! What a nervy guy.

desahogo relief, breathing spell, rest No he tenido un momento de desahogo desde que empecé este trabajo. I haven't had a moment's rest since I began this work. ▲ cheek, nerve Tiene un desahogo terrible. He has an awful nerve.

desairar to scorn, disregard, slight No quiero desairarle. I don't mean to slight him.

desalentar [rad-ch I] to discourage No le desaliente en su trabajo. Don't discourage him about his work.

desaliento discouragement.

desalmado inhuman, merciless.

desalquilado unrented, vacant ¿Tienen algún apartamento desalquilado? Do you have a vacant apartment?

desalquilarse to become vacant Me han dicho que este piso se desalquilará el mes próximo. I've been told this apartment will be vacant next month.

desamparar to abandon, desert.

desamueblado unfurnished.

desandar to retrace (one's steps).

desangrarse to bleed, lose blood.

desanimación [f] lack of enthusiasm Hubo gran desanimación en el público. There was a great lack of enthusiasm on the part of the public.

desanimado poorly attended La fiesta estuvo muy desanimada. The fiesta was very poorly attended.

desanimar to dishearten, discourage ¿Por qué me desanima Ud. a hacer el viaje? Why are you discouraging me from taking the trip? ° desanimarse to become discouraged Se desanima con la menor dificultad. He gets discouraged at the least difficulty.

desaparecer [-zc-] to disappear.

desaparición [f] disappearance.

desaprobar to disapprove of Desapruebo su actitud. I disapprove of his attitude.

desarmar to disarm Desarmaron a los soldados. They disarmed the soldiers. ▲ to take apart Desarmé la máquina de escribir para limpiarla. I took the typewriter apart to clean it.

desarreglar to disarrange.

desarrollar to develop Están desarrollando una nueva industria. They're developing a new industry. ° desarrollarse to develop El niño se ha desarrollado muy de prisa. The child's developed very quickly.

desarrollo development.

desaseado slovenly, not clean.

desastrado untidy, slovenly.

desastre [m] disaster, catastrophe.

desastroso unfortunate, disastrous.

desatar to untie.

desatento discourteous.

desatinado foolish Me dio un consejo desatinado. He gave me foolish advice. ▲ [n] idiot, fool.

desatino nonsense.

desavenencia discord, disagreement.

desayunarse to breakfast ¿Se ha desayunado Ud. ya? Have you had your breakfast yet?

desayuno breakfast.

desbaratar to destroy, ruin Estos niños desbaratan todo lo que cogen. These children destroy everything they get hold of. ° desbaratarse to fall to pieces Se han desbaratado todos nuestros planes. All our plans went to pieces.

desbordarse to overflow.

descabellado preposterous, absurd ¡Qué ideas tan descabelladas tiene Ud.! What absurd ideas you have!

descalabro setback, misfortune.

descalificar to disqualify.

descalzarse to take off one's shoes.

descalzo [adj] barefoot.

descamisado ragamuffin [Am].

descansar to rest Cuando termine este trabajo, descanse Ud. un rato. When you finish this work, rest for a while.

descanso rest, let-up Trabaja sin descanso. He works without let-up. ▲ relief ¡Qué descanso me da haber terminado eso! What a relief to be finished with that! ▲ intermission Iremos a su palco en el descanso. We'll come to your box during the intermission. ▲ landing (of staircase).

descarado impudent, saucy, fresh.

descargar to unload Varios hombres descargaban el camión. Several men were unloading the truck. ▲ to free (from an obligation or debt) Le han descargado de esas obligaciones. They've freed him from those obligations. ▲ to burst, strike (as a storm) La tormenta va a descargar de un momento a otro. The storm's going to strike any minute.

descargo unloading, unburdening.

descartar to discard, eliminate Hay que descartar esa posibilidad. You have to eliminate that possibility. ° descartarse (de) to discard (at cards) Me he descartado de un rey. I discarded a king.

destendencia descendants Su descendencia llegó a ser ilustre. His descendants came to be well known.

descender [rad-ch I] to go down, descend Esa carretera desciende hasta el mar. That road goes down to the sea. ▲ to be descended Creo que descienden de una familia francesa. I think they're descended from a French family. ▲ to descend, come down El avión descendió rápidamente. The airplane came down rapidly. ▲ to drop, decrease La temperatura está descendiendo. The temperature's dropping.

descendiente [m, f] descendant.

descenso descent, going down El descenso era muy peligroso. The descent was very dangerous. ▲ fall, decrease Durante varios años hubo un descenso en la natalidad. There was a fall in the birth rate for several years.

descifrar to decipher, make out.

descolgar to take down Ayúdeme a descolgar este cuadro. Help me take down this picture.

descolorido faded La tela está muy descolorida. The cloth's very faded. ▲ pale Después de la enfermedad se quedó muy descolorido. He was very pale after his illness.

descomedido impolite, rude Es un muchacho muy descomedido. He's very impolite.

descomponer [irr] to upset Eso descompuso todos nuestros planes. That upset all our plans. ▲ to put out of order Los niños descompusieron el radio. The children put the radio out of order. ° descomponerse to dislocate Se ha descompuesto un brazo. He's dislocated his arm. ▲ to get out of order El teléfono se descompuso. The telephone got out of order. ▲ to spoil, rot Por el calor se ha descompuesto la comida. The food's spoiled because of the heat. ▲ to get very angry, lose one's temper Al oír aquello, se descompuso. When he heard that he got very angry. ▲ to lose one's looks [Mex] Con la enfermedad se ha descompuesto mucho. On account of her illness she's lost a lot of her good looks.

descompuesto (see descomponer) out of order; spoiled.

desconcertar [rad-ch I] to disturb, confuse La pregunta le desconcertó mucho. The question confused him.

desconfianza distrust.

desconfiar de to distrust, suspect No tiene Ud. razón para desconfiar de él. You have no reason to distrust him. ▲ to have little hope of El médico desconfiaba de poder salvarlo. The doctor had little hope of saving him.

desconocer [-zc-] to disregard, ignore Desconoce las reglas de la etiqueta. He ignores the rules of etiquette.

desconocido (see desconocer) unknown, strange Es difícil orientarse en una ciudad desconocida. It's difficult to find one's way around in a strange city. ▲ [n] stranger Se le acercó un desconocido. ▲ stranger approached him.

desconsideración [f] inconsiderateness ¡Eso es mucha desconsideración! That's very inconsiderate.

desconsolado disconsolate.

descontado See descontar. ° dar por descontado to take for granted.

descontar [rad-ch I] to deduct Descuente Ud. de esa cantidad los gastos de viaje. Deduct the traveling expenses from that amount.

descontento dissatisfied, displeased Estaban muy descontentos de su trabajo. They were dissatisfied with his work. ▲ [m] dissatisfaction.

descortés discourteous, rude.

describir to describe.

descripción [f] description.

descrito See describir.

descubierto See descubrir.

descubrimiento discovery. descubrir [irr] to discover Descubrimos que todo era mentira. We discovered that it was all a lie. ▲ to disclose, show, make clear Descubrió sus intenciones. He disclosed his intentions. ° descubrirse to take off one's hat.

descuento discount; deduction.

descuidado (see descuidar) sloppy, slovenly, unclean. ▲ unaware, off guard. ▲ careless, negligent No seas tan descuidado en tu trabajo. Don't be careless in your work.

descuidar to neglect Descuidó mucho su trabajo. He neglected his work. || Descuida, yo me encargo de eso. Don't worry, I'll take care of that.

descuido carelessness, negligence. ° al descuido carelessly Hace todo al descuido. He does everything carelessly. ° en un descuido when least expected [Mex] En un descuido llega. He turns up when least expected.

desde from Le vi desde lejos. I saw him from a distance. ▲ since Vivo en esta casa desde el mes pasado. I've been living in this house since last month. ° desde ahora from now on. ° desde entonces since then Desde entonces he cambiado mucho. I've changed a lot since then. ° desde hace for Le conozco desde hace muchos años. I've known him for many years. ° desde luego of course ¡Desde luego Uds. vendrán con nosotros! Of course you're coming with us! ° desde que (ever) since Desde que la conocí la quiero. I've loved her ever since I met her. ° desde un principio from the beginning Desde un principio me pareció que estaba equivocado. It seemed to me from the beginning that he was mistaken.

desdén [m] scorn.

desdicha misfortune.

desdichado unhappy, unfortunate Fué un accidente desdichado. It was an unfortunate accident.

desdoblar to unfold.

desear to desire, want, like Deseo verle cuanto antes. I want to see you as soon as possible.

desechar to reject Desecharon su propuesta. They rejected his proposal. ▲ to put aside Deseche Ud. esos temores. Put aside those fears.

desembarcar to unload, put ashore Estaban desembarcando las mercancías. They were unloading the goods. ▲ to land, disembark Cuando desembarcamos vimos a nuestro amigo en el muelle. When we landed we saw our friend on the pier.

desembarco landing, disembarkation.

desembocar to flow, or empty, into Ese río desemboca en el Pacífico. That river flows into the Pacific. ▲ to end, lead No sé donde desemboca esa calle. I don't know where that street leads.

desembolsar to pay out.

desempacar to unpack [Am] Tengo que desempacar el equipaje. I have to unpack my luggage.

desempeñar to carry out Desempeñó muy bien su misión. He carried out his mission very well.

desenfrenado wild Lleva una vida desenfrenada. He leads a wild life.

desengañar to set right, undeceive. ° desengañarse to be disillusioned, not to fool oneself Desengáñate, no te quiere. Don't fool yourself, he doesn't love you. ° estar desengañado to be disappointed or disillusioned Están muy desengañados después de lo ocurrido. They were disillusioned after what happened.

desengaño disappointment, disillusion.

desentendido ° hacerse el desentendido to pretend not to know.

desenterrar [rad-ch I] to dig up.

desenvolver [rad-ch I] to unwrap Voy a desenvolver el paquete. I'm going to unwrap the package.

desenvuelto (see desenvolver) forward; free and easy.

deseo desire, wish No puede refrenar sus deseos. He can't control his desires. ° tener deseo de to be eager to Tengo muchos deseos de verle. I'm very eager to see him.

deseoso desirous, eager.

desertor [m] deserter.

desesperación [f] desperation.

desesperanza despair.

desesperar to despair, lose hope El médico desespera de salvarle. The doctor's losing hope of saving him. ▲ to drive crazy Me desesperó con su insistencia. He drove me crazy with his insistence.

desespero despair.

desfallecer [-zc-] to be on the verge of collapse, grow weak, break down.

desfavorable unfavorable.

desfigurar to disfigure, deform.

desfilar to parade.

desfile [m] parade.

desganado having no appetite.

desgarrar to tear, rip.

desgracia misfortune Tuvo la desgracia de perder todo su dinero. He had the misfortune to lose all his money. ▲ sorrow, grief Trataban de consolarla en su desgracia. They tried to console her in her grief. ° por desgracia unfortunately Por desgracia no lo supimos a tiempo. Unfortunately we didn't find it out in time.

desgraciadamente unfortunately.

desgraciado [should not be used in Ecuador] unfortunate Han sido muy desgraciados durante los últimos años. They've been very unfortunate during the past few years. ▲ [n] wretch No es más que un desgraciado. He's nothing but a miserable wretch.

deshacer [irr] to undo Tenemos que deshacer lo hecho. We have to undo what was done. ▲ to untie, unwrap No puedo deshacer este nudo. I can't untie this knot. ▲ to dissolve Deshaga la pastilla en un vaso de agua. Dissolve the tablet in a glass of water. ▲ to spoil, upset Su llegada deshizo nuestros planes. His arrival spoiled our plans. ° deshacerse to wear oneself out Se deshace con tanto trabajo. He's wearing himself out with so much work. ° deshacerse de to dispose of, get rid of Me deshice de mis alhajas. I got rid of my jewels. ° deshacerse en to outdo oneself in Se deshizo en amabilidades con las señoras. He outdid himself in courteous attentions to the ladies. ° deshacerse en lágrimas to burst into tears.

deshecho (see deshacer) undone, not made. ▲ worn out, exhausted Estoy deshecho. I'm exhausted.

deshonesto dishonest, dishonorable; lewd.

deshonra dishonor, disgrace.

deshonrar to disgrace.

desierto deserted; uninhabited La estación estaba desierta. The station was deserted. ▲ [m] desert La última parte del viaje fué a través del desierto. The last part of the trip was across the desert.

designar to name, appoint (a person).

desigual unequal La lucha era muy desigual. It was an unequal struggle. ▲ uneven El terreno era muy desigual. The ground was very uneven.

desigualdad [f] difference, inequality.

desilusión [f] disillusionment.

desinfectante [adj; m] disinfectant.

desinfectar to disinfect.

desinteresado impartial; disinterested.

desistir de to give up, call off Desistió de hacer el viaje. He called off the trip.

desleal disloyal.

deslizarse to slip, slide, glide Los patinadores se deslizaban rápidamente por la pista. The skaters glided rapidly around the rink.

deslucido worn, faded Este traje está muy deslucido. This dress is too worn. ▲ unsuccessful La fiesta fué muy deslucida. The party was a failure.

deslumbrar to dazzle.

desmayar to be dismayed or depressed or discouraged No desmayó en su intento. He wasn't discouraged in his plan. ° desmayarse to faint Al saber la noticia se desmayó. When she learned the news she fainted.

desmejorado ° estar desmejorado to look sickly.

desmentir [rad-ch II] to disprove Pude desmentirle en todo lo que decía. I was able to disprove every statement he made. ° desmentirse to take back, retract Después de haberlo dicho trató de desmentirse. After he had said it, he tried to take it back.

desnudar to undress Está desnudando a los niños. She's undressing the children. ° desnudarse to take off one's clothes, get undressed Se desnudó y se tiró al agua. He took off his clothes and dove into the water.

desnudo naked, nude, bare.

desobedecer [-zc-] to disobey No desobedezca Ud. mis órdenes. Don't disobey my orders.

desocupado unoccupied, vacant ¿Hay algún piso desocupado? Do you have an apartment vacant? ▲ not busy, not occupied Hablaré con Ud. cuando esté desocupado. I'll talk with you when you're not busy. ▲ [m] idler Toda su vida no ha sido más que un desocupado. He's been an idler all his life.

desocupar to vacate Tenemos que desocupar la casa antes del mes próximo. We must vacate the house before next month. ▲ to empty Voy a desocupar este armario para que Ud. lo use. I'm going to empty this cabinet so that you can use it.

desolación [f] desolation.

desolado desolate, disconsolate; disappointed.

desollar to skin Después de matar el carnero tendrá Ud. que desollarlo. After you kill the sheep you'll have to skin it. || Queda el rabo por desollar. The most difficult part's still to be done.

desorden [m] disorder, confusion, mess El cuarto estaba en el más completo desorden. The room was a complete mess. ° desórdenes riots, disturbance En los últimos desórdenes hubo varios heridos. There were several people hurt in the recent riots.

desordenado disorderly.

desordenar to upset.

desorganizar to disorganize.

desorientar to confuse Me desorienta su manera de presentar el asunto. His way of presenting the matter confuses me. ° desorientarse to lose one's bearings, get lost Me desorienté al salir del metro. I lost my bearings when I came out of the subway.

despachar to ship, send out Despacharon un vagón de géneros. They shipped a carload of goods. ▲ to attend to, take care of No he despachado todavía la correspondencia de hoy. I haven't taken care of today's mail yet. ▲ to wait on, take care of Señorita, ¿quiere Ud. despacharme, por favor? Will you please wait on me, miss? ▲ to fire, dismiss Le despacharon por inútil. They fired him because he was useless.

despacho dispatch. ▲ office ¿Quiere Ud. pasar a su despacho? Will you go into his office? ° despacho de billetes ticket office, ticket window Tuvo que hacer cola en el despacho de billetes. He had to stand in line at the ticket office. ° despacho de mercancía shipment of goods Se ha retrasado mucho el despacho de esa mercancía. That shipment's been very much delayed.

despacio slowly ¿Quiere Ud. hablar más despacio? Would you speak more slowly?

despedazar to tear up, mangle.

despedida farewell, send-off Les dieron una comida de despedida. They gave them a farewell dinner.

despedir [rad-ch III] to dismiss, discharge Tuvieron que despedir a la mitad del personal. They had to dismiss half their personnel. ▲ to see (someone) off Iremos a despedirle a la estación. We'll go to the station to see him off. ° despedirse a la francesa to take French leave, sneak away. ° despedirse (de) to take leave (of), say goodby (to) Tengo que despedirme de unos amigos. I have to say good-by to some friends. ° ser despedido, salir despedido to be thrown out A consecuencia del choque uno de los pasajeros salió despedido. As a result of the collision one of the passengers was thrown out.

despegar to unglue, take off Voy a despegar este sello con agua caliente. I'm going to take off this stamp with hot water. ▲ to rise, take off El avión todavía no ha despegado. The plane still hasn't taken off. ° despegarse to come off El sello se despegó. The stamp came off. ° no despegar los labios to keep silent, keep one's mouth shut.

despejado (see despejar) smart, bright ¡Qué muchacho tan despejado! What a bright boy!

despejar to clear La policía ha despejado la plaza. The police have cleared the square. ° despejarse to clear up (of the weather or sky) Me parece que el tiempo se está despejando. I think it's clearing up.

despensa pantry.

desperdiciar to waste No se debe desperdiciar la comida. Food shouldn't be wasted.

desperdicio [m] waste Esta carne no tiene desperdicio. This meat has no waste. ° desperdicios refuse, garbage.

desperezarse to stretch (oneself).

despertador [m] alarm clock Ponga el despertador a las siete. Set the alarm clock for seven o'clock.

despertar [rad-ch I] to wake up Despiérteme a las ocho. Wake me up at eight o'clock. ▲ to arouse, sharpen, excite Todo lo que ve despierta su curiosidad. Everything he sees arouses his curiosity. ° despertarse to wake up Me desperté al amanecer. I woke up at sunrise.

despierto (see despertar) awake. ▲ smart, wide-awake Es un chico muy despierto. He's a very wide-awake boy.

despintar to remove paint; to remove make-up.

desplegar [rad-ch I] to unfold Estaban desplegando el mapa sobre la mesa. They were unfolding the map on the table. ▲ to deploy (Mil). ° desplegar los labios to open one's mouth Estuvo allí sin desplegar los labios. He sat there without opening his mouth.

desplomarse to fall, collapse.

despoblado uninhabited place, wilderness.

despojar to strip (of property), despoil Le han despojado hasta del último centavo. They stripped him of his last penny. ° despojarse de to take off (clothing) Al entrar se despojó del abrigo. On entering he took off his coat.

despojo spoils. ° despojos remains.

déspota [m] tyrant, despot.

despotismo tyranny, despotism.

despreciable despicable, low-down.

despreciar to look down on, despise No tiene Ud. ninguna razón para despreciarle. You have no reason to look down on him. ▲ to scorn, reject Despreció todos mis consejos. He scorned all my advice.

desprecio contempt.

desprender to unfasten Desprenda Ud. el broche. Unfasten the pin. ° desprenderse to loosen, fall off Se ha desprendido un botón del saco. ▲ button's fallen off the jacket. ° desprenderse de to give away Se ha desprendido de toda su fortuna. He gave away his whole fortune.

desprendido (see desprender) generous Siempre ha sido muy desprendido. He's always been very generous.

desprestigiado having lost one's prestige or reputation Es un hombre completamente desprestigiado. He's a man who's completely lost his reputation.

desprestigiar to slander.

despropósito nonsense.

después later Tendremos una reunión y después podemos dar un paseo. We'll have a meeting and later we can take a walk. ▲ then Después fuimos al teatro. Then we went to the theater. ▲ afterwards Se lo contaré después. I'll tell you afterwards. ° después de after Iremos después de comer. We'll go after we eat. ° después de todo after all Después de todo es lo razonable. After all, it's reasonable.

despuntar to be outstanding Ese alumno despunta mucho. That student's very outstanding.

desquitarse to get even Vamos a jugar otra partida, a ver si me desquito. Let's play another game to see if I can get even.

desquite [m] revenge, getting even Entonces se le presentó la ocasión de su desquite. Then he had a chance for revenge.

destacar to stand out Destacaban por su estatura. They stood out because of their height. ° destacarse to be noted, be famous, distinguish oneself Se destacaron por su valor. They distinguished themselves by their courage.

destapar to take the lid or cover off ¿Puede Ud. destapar esta caja? Can you take the lid off this box? ▲ to open Destape Ud. otra botella de Coca-Cola. Open another bottle of Coca-Cola.

desternillarse to split (one's sides with laughter).

desterrar [rad-ch I] to banish, exile Lo van a desterrar. They're going to exile him.

destilar to distill.

destinado (see destinar) addressed La carta venía destinada a mí. The letter was addressed to me. ° estar destinado a to be bound to, be destined to Ese proyecto está destinado a fracasar. That plan's bound to fail.

destinar to appoint, assign Le destinaron a otra sucursal del banco. They appointed him to another branch of the bank.

destinatario, destinataria addressee.

destino job Tiene un destino en el ministerio de Hacienda. He has a job in the Treasury Department. ▲ destiny, fate Su destino fué trágico. He had a tragic fate. ▲ destination Esta carta no llegará a su destino. This letter won't reach its destination. ° con destino a bound for, going to Salió con destino a Buenos Aires. He was bound for Buenos Aires.

destituir to dismiss (from office).

destornillador [m] screw driver.

destornillar to unscrew.

destreza skill.

destrozar to destroy, tear down.

destrucción [f] destruction.

destruir to destroy.

desunir to separate, take apart Tendremos que desunir los alambres. We'll have to separate the wires. ▲ to estrange La política desunió a las dos familias. Politics estranged the two families.

desvalido destitute.

desván [m] attic.

desvanecerse to vanish, disappear Con el viento, el humo se desvaneció. The smoke vanished with the wind. ▲ to faint Al oír la mala noticia se desvaneció. When she heard the bad news she fainted.

desvelar to keep awake El café me desvela mucho. Coffee keeps me awake. ° desvelarse to outdo oneself Se desvelaban por sernos agradables. They outdid themselves in being kind to us.

desventaja disadvantage; handicap.

desventura misfortune, mishap. desvergüenza impudence; shamelessness.

desviación [f] detour Había una desviación en el camino. There was a detour on the road.

desviar to change the course of Desviaron la carretera para hacerla más corta. They changed the course of the road to make it shorter. ° desviar la mirada to avoid someone's eyes, look away. ° desviarse to deviate, get away (from) No se desvíe Ud. del tema. Don't get away from the subject. ▲ to drift El avión se ha desviado de su ruta. The plane drifted from its course.

desvío indifference Su desvío me molesta. Her indifference annoys me.

detallar to tell in detail, to detail.

detalle [m] detail Cuénteme Ud. todos los detalles. Tell me all the details. ° con detalle in detail Expliquenme Uds. con detalle como ha ocurrido eso. Explain to me in detail how it happened.

detener [irr] to stop, detain Por favor, deténgale un momento. Please detain him for a minute. ▲ to arrest La policía detenuvo a los cómplices del asesino. The police have, arrested the accomplices of the murderer. ° detenerse to stop, halt El automóvil se detuvo. The automobile stopped. ▲ to stop, restrain oneself Detente un momento a pensarlo. Stop and think it over for a minute.

detenido (see detener) [adj; n] (person) under arrest Los detenidos esperaban a que se les interrogara. Those under arrest were waiting to be questioned.

determinación [f] determination; decision Tenemos que tomar una determinación. We have to make a decision.

determinado determined [Am] Triunfó porque era muy determinado. He succeeded because he was very determined.

determinar to fix, determine Determinaron las condiciones del negocio. They fixed the terms of the deal. ▲ to decide ¿Determinó Ud. lo que quiere hacer? Did you decide what you want to do? ° determinarse to make up one's mind ¿Se determinó a hacer el viaje? Did he make up his mind to make the trip?

detestable hateful, detestable, awful.

detrás behind Vienen detrás. They're coming along behind. ° detrás de behind, in back of Detrás de los árboles hay una casa. There's a house behind the trees. ° por detrás from behind El enemigo atacó por detrás. The enemy attacked from behind. ▲ behind one's back Por detrás hablaba mal de él. He talked about him behind his back.

deuda debt Pagó todas sus deudas. He paid all his debts. ° estar en deuda to be indebted Estoy en deuda con Ud. I'm indebted to you.

deudo, deuda relative, kin.

deudor, deudora debtor.

devanar to wind Estaba devanando un ovillo de lana. She was winding up a spool of wool. ° devanarse to double up (with pain) [Am]. ° devanarse los sesos to rack one's brains Me estoy devanando los sesos para encontrar una solución. I'm racking my brains to find a solution.

devastar to lay waste.

devoción [f] piety, devoutness; devotion.

devolver [rad-ch I] to return, give back ¿No ha devuelto Ud. todavía esos libros? Haven't you returned those books yet? ▲ to pay back ¿Te ha devuelto el dinero que le prestaste? Has he paid back the money you lent him? ▲ to restore Aquella noticia le devolvió la tranquilidad. That news restored her peace of mind.

devorar to devour.

devoto devout, pious.

devuelto See devolver.

día [m] day ¿A qué día estamos hoy? What day's today? ° al día a day, per day Producen cien automóviles al día. They produce a hundred automobiles a day. ▲ up to date Ponga Ud. Esa correspondencia al día. Bring that correspondence up to date. ° al día siguiente the following day. ° buenos días good morning Buenos días. ¿Cómo está Ud.? Good morning. How are you? ° darle a uno los días to congratulate one on his saint's day or birthday Fui a dar los días a mi hermano. I went to congratulate my brother on his birthday. ° de día before dark ¿Cree Ud. que volveremos de día? Do you think we'll return before dark? ▲ by day, when it's light Llegó a casa cuando ya era de día. It was daylight when he got home. ° de día en día from day to day, as time goes by De día en día la situación va empeorando. The situation's getting worse from day to day. ° de hoy en ... días ... days from today Iremos de hoy en ocho días. We'll go a week from today. ° de un día para otro from day to day Está dejando esa visita de un día para otro. He keeps putting off that visit from day to day. ° día de Año Nuevo New Year's Day. ° día de fiesta holiday ¿Es mañana un día de fiesta? Is tomorrow a holiday? ° dia del santo saint's day. ° el día menos pensado when one least expects. ° el mejor día some fine day El mejor día se presenta aquí. Some fine day he'll show up here. ° hoy (en) día today, these days Hoy día es muy difícil encontrar eso. It's very hard to find that today. ° ocho días a week Voy al cine cada ocho días. I go to the movies every week. ° quince días two weeks Estaré en el campo quince días. I'll be in the country two weeks. ° todos los días daily, every day Le veo todos los días. I see him every day. ° un día sí y otro no, día de por medio every other day Tengo clase un día si y otro no. I have a class every other day.

diablo devil ¡Qué diablo estás haciendo! What the devil are you doing? ° irse al diablo to go to the devil.

diáfano transparent.

dialecto dialect.

diálogo dialogue.

diamante [m] diamond.

¡diantre! the deuce! the devil!

diario [adj] daily Salió a dar su paseo diario. He went out for his daily walk. ▲ [m] journal, diary Escribía por las noches su diario. He used to write his diary in the evening. ▲ paper, journal ¿Qué trae el diario? What's new in the paper today? ° a diario daily, every day Nos vemos a diario. We see each other every day.

dibujar to draw, sketch.

dibujo drawing.

diccionario dictionary.

dicha happiness.

dicho See decir. ▲ [m] saying, saw Ese es un dicho muy antiguo. That's a very old saying. ▲ witty remark Tiene unos dichos muy graciosos. He makes some very witty remarks. || Dicho y hecho. No sooner said than done.

dichoso happy, fortunate, lucky.

diciembre [m] December.

dictador [m] dictator.

dictadura dictatorship.

dictar to dictate Le voy a dictar unas cartas. I'm going to dictate some letters to him. — Hizo lo que le dictó su consciencia. He did what his conscience dictated. ▲ to give, issue (by decree) Acerca de esto no se han dictado órdenes. They haven't given any orders about this.

diente [m] tooth Tengo un diente picado. I have a cavity in my tooth. ▲ tine El tenedor tiene torcidos los dientes. The tines of the fork are bent. ▲ cog Se cogió el brazo entre los dientes de la rueda. His arm was caught between the cogs of the wheel. ° decir (or hablar) entre dientes to mumble, mutter. ° tener buen diente to be a hearty eater Este chico tiene muy buen diente. This boy's a hearty eater.

diestro able, skillful. ▲ [m] bull fighter.

dieta diet.

diez ten.

diferencia difference.

diferenciar to distinguish between.

diferente different.

diferido (see diferir) deferred Pusieron un cable diferido. They sent a deferred cablegram.

diferir [rad-ch II] to postpone, put off No difiera Ud. esos asuntos. Don't put off those matters. ▲ to differ Difiero de Ud. en ese punto. I differ with you on that point.

difícil difficult, hard.

dificultad [f] difficulty.

dificultar to make difficult.

difundir to spread, tell ¿Quién habrá difundido esa noticia? Who could have spread that news? ▲ to broadcast Esa emisión será difundida a toda América. That program'll be broadcast throughout America.

difunto [adj] dead, deceased ▲ [n] deceased person, corpse.

difusora (radio) broadcasting station.

digerir [rad-ch II] to digest Es una comida que se digiere muy mal. That food's hard to digest.

digestión [f] digestion.

dignidad [f] dignity; high rank (office).

digno dignified ¡Que hombre tan digno! What a dignified man ! ▲ worthy No es digno del puesto que tiene. He's not worthy of his position. ▲ worthwhile. ° digno de confianza reliable Es una persona digna de confianza. He's a reliable person.

dije [m] trinket, charm, pendant.

dilatación [f] expansion, enlargement.

dilatar to expand, dilate Tiene las pupilas dilatadas. The pupils of his eyes are dilated. ▲ to delay [Am] No dilaten Uds. más la resolución del negocio. Don't delay finishing the business.

diligencia diligence Trabaja con mucha diligencia. He works diligently. ▲ speed Hay que resolverlo con toda la diligencia posible. You must solve it with all possible speed. ° hacer una diligencia to attend to some business, do an errand.

diligente industrious.

diluvio flood, deluge.

dimensión [f] dimension.

diminuto diminutive, tiny.

dineral [m] large sum of money.

dinero money En ese cajón he dejado el dinero. I've left the money in that drawer. — No venturen Uds. su dinero en eso. Don't risk your money in that. ° dinero suelto small change. ° persona (or gente) de dinero wealthy person (or people).

Dios, dios [m sg] God, god. ° a Dios gracias, gracias a Dios thank God A Dios gracias, tenemos lo que necesitamos. Thank God, we have what we need. ° ¡Dios mío! My God! Goodness! ° ¡por Dios! for goodness' sake ¡Por Dios! No diga Ud. eso. For goodness' sake, don't say that! || Que Dios se lo pague. May God reward you.

diplomacia diplomacy.

diplomático diplomatic Su respuesta no fué diplomática. His answer wasn't diplomatic. ▲ [m] diplomat Era un buen diplomático. He was a good diplomat.

diputado a cortes congressman.

dirección [f] direction ¿En qué dirección va Ud.? Which way are you going? ▲ address (mail, etc) Escriba Ud. la dirección con claridad. Write the address clearly. ▲ board of directors. ▲ management. ° de dirección única one-way Esta calle es de dirección única. This is a one-way street.

directo [adj] direct.

director [m] director, manager Hable Ud. con el director de la empresa. Speak to the manager of the firm. ° director de escena stage manager.

director (de escuela) principal (of a school). ° director de orquesta orchestra conductor. ° director (de un periódico) editor (of a newspaper).

dirigible [m] dirigible.

dirigir to direct. ▲ to address ¿A quién tengo que dirigir la carta? Who should I address the letter to? ▲ to manage Dirigió la campaña política. He managed the political campaign. ▲ to lead Diríjanos Ud. que sabe el camino. Lead us, since you know the road. ▲ to steer Dirigieron el barco hacia el muelle. They steered the boat toward the wharf. ° dirigir la palabra to speak, address No me dirigió la palabra en varios días. He didn't speak to me for several days.

dirigirse (a, hacia) to go, make one's way (to or toward) Se dirigieron hacia la puerta. They went toward the door.

disciplina discipline.

discípulo, discípula student, pupil.

disco disk. ▲ phonograph record Ponga Ud. un disco de música de baile. Put on a dance record.

discordia discord.

discreción [f] discretion.

discrepar to differ, disagree Discrepo de su opinión. I differ from your opinion.

discreto fair (fairly good) Es un actor discreto. He's a fair actor. ▲ discreet Lo que dijo no era discreto. What he said wasn't discreet.

disculpa apology Sus disculpas no me interesan. I'm not interested in his apologies. ▲ excuse Lo que ha hecho no tiene disculpa. There's no excuse for what he did.

disculpar to pardon, excuse Tenemos que disculpar sus faltas. We must excuse his mistakes. ° disculparse to apologize Tengo que disculparme por lo tai-de que he venido. I must apologize for coming late.

discurrir to think Es un hombre que discurre muy bien en una emergencia. He's a man who thinks well in an emergency.

discurso speech.

discusión [f] discussion.

discutir to discuss (involving difference of opinion between two or more persons) Estuvieron varias horas discutiendo el asunto. They discussed the matter for several hours. ▲ to argue Discute todo lo que se le manda. He argues about everything he's told to do.

disfraz [m] disguise.

disfrazar(se) to disguise (oneself).

disfrutar ° disfrutar de to enjoy (good health) Disfruta de muy buena salud. He enjoys good health. ° disfrutar en or de to enjoy Disfrutamos mucho en la excursión. We enjoyed the excursion very much.

disgustar to displease, grieve Aquella disgustó a todos. That displeased everyone. ° disgustarse to be displeased or hurt Se disgustó por lo que le dije. She was hurt by what I said to her.

disgusto quarrel He tenido un disgusto con unos amigos. I had a quarrel with some friends. ▲ grief , sorrow Cuando se enteró de la muerte de su amigo se llevó un disgusto terrible. When he found out about the death of his friend, he was very much grieved. ° dar disgustos to distress, grieve Ese muchacho le dio muchos disgustos a sus padres. That boy distressed his parents very much. ° estar a disgusto to be uncomfortable, be ill at ease Estaba muy a disgusto con aquella gente. I was very ill at ease with those people.

disimular to conceal, dissimulate Siempre disimula sus intenciones. He always conceals his intentions. ▲ to tolerate, overlook Como la quiere tanto disimula todas sus faltas. Since he likes her so much, he overlooks her faults.

disimulo dissimulation.

disipar to squander Disiparon su fortuna en un par de años. They squandered their fortune in a couple of years. ▲ to dispel, drive away Quiero disipar sus dudas. I want to dispel his doubts.

disminución [f] decrease, diminution.

disminuir to decline, lessen En unas horas disminuirá el dolor. The pain'll be lessened in a few hours. ▲ to decrease En estos días han disminuido las ventas. Sales have decreased these days. ▲ to die down, diminish Si disminuye el viento, iremos. If the wind dies down, we'll go.

disolución [f] dissolution.

disolver [irr] to dissolve Disuelva Ud. la pastilla en un vaso de agua. Dissolve the tablet in a glass of water. ▲ to break up La policía disolvió la reunión. The police broke up the meeting.

disparado (see disparar) ° a la disparada [Am] at full speed. ° salir disparado to beat it Al llegar la policía salieron disparados. When the police arrived they beat it.

disparar to shoot, fire Dispararon al aire. They fired into the air. ° dispararse to go off Se disparó la escopeta. The shotgun went off.

disparate [m] nonsense; mistake.

disparo discharge, shooting (of weapon).

dispensar to excuse Le han dispensado de hacer ese trabajo. They've excused him from doing that work. ▲ to excuse, pardon Dispense Ud. que le interrumpa. Pardon me for interrupting you. — Dispénseme. Excuse me. or Beg pardon. ▲ to distribute, dispense.

dispersar to scatter, disperse Los guardias dispersaron a la multitud. The police dispersed the crowd.

disponer [irr] to place, arrange Han dispuesto mal los muebles. They arranged the furniture badly. ▲ to arrange Disponga Ud. lo que quiera. Make any arrangements you like. ▲ to order, decree El gobierno ha dispuesto la movilización general. The government's ordered total mobilization. ° disponer de to spend [Am] Dispuso de todo el dinero que le di. He spent all the money I gave him. ▲ to have at one's disposal Dispongo de muy poco tiempo. I have very little time at my disposal. ° disponerse a to get ready to Me dispongo a salir mañana. I'm getting ready to leave tomorrow.

disponible available.

disposición [f] disposal, service Estoy a su disposición. I'm at your service. ▲ provision, order Han cambiado las disposiciones. They changed the orders. ▲ arrangement La disposición de los cuadros. The arrangement of the pictures. ° estar en buena disposición to be in a good frame of mind. ° tener disposición to have aptitude or talent Tiene mucha disposición para el dibujo. She has a great talent for drawing.

dispuesto (see disponer) disposed, ready; zealous. ° bien dispuesto favorably disposed. ° mal dispuesto ill-disposed.

disputa dispute. ° sin disputa undoubtedly, doubtless.

disputar to dispute, argue Disputaban por cualquier cosa. They argued over anything at all. ° disputarse to fight for or over Los dos se disputaron el premio. The two of them fought for the prize.

distancia distance ¿Qué distancia hay de su casa al pueblo? How far is it from your house to town? ° a distancia at a distance. ° a larga distancia long-distance [Am] ¿Cuánto tiempo hay que esperar para una llamada a larga distancia? How long must one wait for a long-distance call?

distante far, distant.

distar to be distant ¿Dista mucho de aquí? Is it far from here? ▲ to be far Distaba mucho de ser cierto. It was far from certain.

distinción [f] distinction Era una mujer de mucha distinción. She was a woman of great distinction. ▲ difference, distinction Hay que hacer una distinción entre los dos sonidos. It's necessary to make a distinction between the two sounds. ▲ distinction, honor Aquella distinción era merecida. That distinction was well-deserved.

distinguir to distinguish, tell apart Era muy difícil distinguir a los gemelos. It was very difficult to tell the twins apart. ▲ to make out ¿Distingue Ud. a lo lejos una luz? Can you make out a light in the distance? ▲ to esteem, show regard for La distingue de un modo especial. He has a special regard for her. ° distinguirse to distinguish oneself.

distinto different.

distracción [f] absent-mindedness Lo hizo por distracción. He did it absentmindedly. ▲ diversion, pastime, amusement El cine es una gran distracción. Movies are a great diversion.

distraer [irr] to distract Ese ruido me distrae. That noise distracts me. ▲ to entertain, divert Me ha distraído mucho esta novela. I've enjoyed this novel very much. ° distraerse to be distracted, not to be able to concentrate Ese chico se distrae fácilmente. That child's easily distracted.

distribución [f] distribution.

distribuir to distribute Distribuyeron víveres. They distributed food. ▲ to sort ¿Han distribuido el correo? Has the mail been sorted?

distrito district.

divagar to digress.

diván [m] couch.

diversidad [f] diversity.

diversión [f] pastime, diversion.

diverso different Tenían opiniones diversas. They had different opinions. ° diversos various, several Le he visto en diversas ocasiones. I've seen him on several occasions.

divertir [rad-ch II] to amuse, entertain, divert Esa película le divertirá mucho. That picture will amuse you. ° divertirse to be entertained, have a good time. ¿Se divirtieron Uds. anoche? Did you have a good time last night?

dividendo dividend.

dividir to divide.

divinidad [f] divinity.

divino divine. ▲ very beautiful Era una mujer divina. She was a very beautiful woman. ° culto divino public worship in churches.

divisar to make out, perceive indistinctly.

división [f] division. ▲ compartment El cajón de la cómoda tiene varias divisiones. The bureau drawer has several compartments. ▲ disunity, discord Hay una gran división en el partido. There's a serious split in the party. ▲ division [Mil] Se han rendido dos divisiones. Two divisions have surrendered.

divorciarse to get a divorce.

divorcio divorce.

divulgación [f] diffusion, spread.

divulgar to reveal, let out No sé quien divulgó la noticia. I don't know who let out the news. ▲ to popularize, make popular Ese libro ha contribuido mucho a divulgar la química. That book's done a lot to popularize chemistry. ° divulgarse to become widespread Se ha divulgado mucho el uso de ese tipo de radio. The use of this type of radio has become widespread.

doblar to fold Está doblando el mantel. She's folding the tablecloth. ▲ to double Doblaron las apuestas. They doubled their bets. ° doblar la cabeza to give in, yield. ° doblar la esquina to turn the corner.

doblarse to bend, sag Con tanto peso se doblará la barra. The rod'll bend under so much weight.

doble double Tendrá Ud. que pagar el doble. You'll have to pay double. ▲ thick, heavy Quiero una tela doble. I want some heavy cloth. ▲ deceitful, two-faced No se fíe Ud. de él, es muy doble. Don't trust him, he's very two-faced. || Ponga la manta doble. Double the blanket.

doblez [m] fold, crease Tiene que hacer el doblez bien derecho. You have to make the crease very straight.

doce twelve.

docena dozen.

dócil docile, obedient.

doctor [m] doctor (academic title) Acaba de obtener el grado de doctor en Filosofía. He's just received his Ph.D. ▲ doctor (of medicine) El doctor dijo que será necesario operar. The doctor said it'll be necessary to operate.

doctrina doctrine; Sunday school.

documento document, paper.

dólar [m] dollar. dolencia pain; disease.

doler [rad-ch I] to hurt, pain Esta inyección no duele nada. This injection doesn't hurt a bit. ▲ to hurt, grieve Les dolió mucho lo que dijo. What he said hurt their feelings.

dolor [m] pain, ache Tornó un calmante para el dolor de muelas. He took a sedative for his toothache. ▲ sorrow, grief, affliction Trataba de consolarla en su dolor. He tried to console her in her sorrow.

dolorido sore, painful.

domar to tame; to subdue, overcome.

doméstico [adj] domestic. ▲ [n] domestic, servant.

domicilio residence Avise Ud. si cambia de domicilio. Let us know if you change your residence.

dominar to have a command or mastery of Domina el español. He has an excellent command of Spanish. ▲ to dominate No deje que ese hombre le domine. Don't let that man dominate you. ▲ to overlook, command a view of Esta colina domina la ciudad. This hill overlooks the city. ▲ to predominate Entre los productos de esta región domina el algodón. Among the products of this region, cotton predominates. ° dominarse to control oneself Domínese, no se ponga Ud. así. Control yourself; don't get excited.

domingo Sunday.

dominico Dominican friar.

dominio power, rule, control Tiene un gran dominio sobre sí mismo. He's very self-controlled. ▲ domination, authority Estos territorios estuvieron bajo el dominio extranjero. These lands were under foreign domination. ▲ dominion El rey salió a visitar sus dominios. The king went to visit his dominions.

dominó [m] game of dominoes.

Don [m] Mr. (used before a man's first name or full name).

don [m] gift Tiene un don natural para hablar. He has a natural gift for speaking. ° don de gentes winning manners.

donación [f] donation, gift, grant.

donativo donation, gift.

doncella maid, servant [Sp] La doncella sirvió el té. The maid served the tea. ▲ girl ¡Qué doncella tan linda! What a pretty girl!

donde where Aquí es donde murió. This is where he died. ° ¿a dónde? where? ¿A dónde va Ud.? Where are you going? ° ¿de dónde? how? ¿De dónde va a saberlo si nadie se lo ha dicho? How's he going to know if no one's told him? ° ¿dónde? where? ¿Dónde estuvo Ud. ayer? Where were you yesterday? ° ¿por dónde? which way? where? ¿Por dónde está la salida? Where's the exit? || ¡De dónde! Nonsense! || Fui donde mi hermano. I went to my brother's.

dondequiera wherever; anywhere.

Doña Mrs. (used before a woman's first name or full name) ¿Conoce Ud. a Doña María López? Do you know Mrs. María López? ▲ Miss [Col] ¿Ha llegado Doña Juanita? Has Miss Janet arrived?

dorado gold, gilded.

dormilón, dormilona sleepyhead.

dormir [rad-ch II] to sleep. ▲ to rest, be inactive Deje que duerma el asunto hasta que yo vuelva. Let the matter rest until I get back. ▲ to put to sleep Duerme al niño. Put the child to sleep. ° dormirse to fall asleep Se durmió en la conferencia. He fell asleep at the lecture. ▲ to go to bed, retire Nunca se duerme antes de las doce. He never goes to bed before midnight.

dormitorio bedroom; dormitory.

dos two. ▲ second Saldré el dos o el tres del mes próximo. I'll leave the second or third of next month. ▲ [m] deuce Echó el dos del triunfo. He played the deuce of trumps. ° de dos en dos in pairs, by twos, two abreast Las niñas iban de dos en dos por el paseo. The girls went down the walk in pairs. ° de dos en fondo two abreast Los soldados marchaban de dos en fondo. The soldiers were marching two abreast. ° entre los dos between you and me Esto queda entre los dos. This is just between you and me. ° en un dos por tres in a jiffy En un dos por tres lo arregló todo. He fixed it all up in a jiffy.

doscientos two hundred.

dosis [f] dose (of medicine).

dotación [f] allotment La dotación no es suficiente. The allotment's inadequate. ▲ endowment, foundation; donation. ▲ crew Ya está completa la dotación del buque. The ship's crew is now complete.

dotado (see dotar) gifted Es un muchacho muy bien dotado. He's a very gifted boy.

dotar to give a dowry to Su padre la dotó muy bien. Her father gave her a good dowry. dote [f] dowry Se gastó la dote de su mujer. He spent his wife's dowry. ▲ talent Con tan buenas dotes tenía que triunfar. With such talents he was bound to succeed.

draga dredge.

drama [m] play, drama.

dramático dramatic.

droga drug.

droguería drug store.

ducha shower, shower bath.

duda doubt. ° sin duda certainly, without doubt "¿Vendrá Ud. mañana?" "Sin duda." "Will you come tomorrow?" "Certainly."

dudar to doubt Dudo que venga. I doubt that he'll come. ▲ to hesitate Dudó al darme la respuesta. He hesitated before he answered me. ° dudar de to doubt, distrust, question No dudamos de lo que Ud. dice. We don't question what you say.

dudoso doubtful. ▲ dubious, suspicious Ese es un tipo dudoso. He's a suspicious character.

duelo mourning Se cerraron las tiendas en señal de duelo. The stores were closed as a sign of mourning. ▲ sorrow La muerte del presidente causó gran duelo. The president's death caused great sorrow. ▲ duel Su abuelo murió en un duelo. His grandfather was killed in a duel.

duende [m] hobgoblin.

dueño, dueña owner, landlord, landlady Es el dueño de la propiedad. He's the owner of the property. ▲ master, mistress El perro miraba a su dueño. The dog looked at his master. ° dueño de sí mismo self-controlled Siempre es dueño de sí mismo. He's always self-controlled.

dulce [adj] sweet. ▲ [m] a piece of candy; pl candy Compró una caja de dulces. He bought a box of candy. ° agua dulce fresh water.

dulzura sweetness; mildness El clima es de una gran dulzura. The climate's very mild.

duodécimo twelfth.

duplicado (see duplicar) [adj; m] duplicate Este ejemplar está duplicado. This is a duplicate copy. ° por duplicado in duplicate Envíelo por duplicado. Send it in duplicate.

duplicar to double; to duplicate; to repeat.

duque [m] duke.

duquesa duchess.

duración [f] duration, term, length La duración de la guerra perjudica al comercio. The length of the war's harmful to trade. ° ser de duración to wear well, last Este género es de mucha duración. This material will wear very well.

duradero lasting, durable.

durante during.

durar to last ¿Cuanto dura la película? How long does the picture last? ▲ to wear, last El abrigo me ha durado tres años. This overcoat's lasted me three years.

dureza hardness, solidity La dureza del ébano es bien conocida. The hardness of ebony is well known. ▲ hardness, harshness ¡Qué dureza de corazón! How hard-hearted! — Debe evitarse la dureza en esos casos. Harshness should be avoided in those cases. ▲ callus Me ha salido una dureza en la planta del pie. I have a callus on the sole of my foot.

durmiente [m] (railroad) tie [Am].

duro hard Este colchón es muy duro. This is a very hard mattress. ▲ hard, rough ¡Llevan una vida tan dura! They lead such a hard life. ▲ hard, stubborn ¿Por qué tienes la cabeza tan dura? Why are you so hard-headed? ▲ [adv] hard Trabajó muy duro para conseguirlo. He worked very hard to accomplish it. ▲ [m] duro (Spanish coin equal to five pesetas). ° a duras penas with difficulty, hardly A duras penas se hacía entender. He could hardly make himself understood.

E

e and (before i or hi) María e Inés irán conmigo. Mary and Inez will go with me.

¡ea pues! come on! ¡Ea pues! Sigamos adelante. Come on, let's get going.

echar to throw Echaremos esto en el cajón. We'll throw this into the drawer. ▲ to discharge, dismiss, fire Echaron a muchos empleados. They fired many employees. ▲ to pour Puede echar el vino en el vaso. You can pour the wine into the glass. ° echar a (followed by verb of motion) to begin to, start to Echaron a correr al ver al policía. They began to run when they saw the police. ° echar a perder to spoil, ruin Ha echado a perder el trabajo. He's spoiled the work. ° echar a pique to sink Los submarinos echaron a pique muchos barcos. The submarines sank a lot of ships. ° echar de menos to miss (notice the lack of) Echa de menos a sus amigos. He misses his friends. ° echar de ver to notice, observe No echó de ver el cambio. He didn't notice the change. ° echar en cara to throw in one's teeth, throw up to one Siempre me echaba en cara sus favores. He was always throwing his favors up to me. ° echar la llave to lock the door Eche Ud. la llave al salir. Lock the door when you go out. ° echar por tierra to overthrow, spoil Le echaron por tierra sus proyectos. They overthrew his plans. ° echarse to lie down Se echó en la arena. He lay down in the sand. ° echarse a perder to spoil La carne se echó a perder. The meat spoiled. ° echarse a (reír, llorar) to begin or start to (laugh, cry). ° echarse atrás to back out, withdraw Cuento con Ud., no se vaya a echar atrás. I'm counting on you not to back out.

eclipsar to eclipse.

eco echo.

economía economy. ° economía política economics. ° economías savings Perdió todas sus economías. He lost all his savings.

económico economical.

economizar to save Economizaba la mitad de lo que ganaba. He saved half of what he earned. — Por aquel camino economizaba tiempo. He saved time by taking that road.

ecuador [m] equator.

edad [f] age.

edificar to build Edificarán una ciudad moderna. They'll build a modern city.

edificio building.

editor [m] publisher Los editores de ese periódico son muy liberales. The publishers of that newspaper are very liberal.

edredón [m] comforter (cover) ; featherbed.

educación [f] breeding, upbringing Es un hombre sin educación. He's ill-bred. ▲ education (intellectual, physical, and moral training) .

educar to educate Hay que educar al pueblo. The people must be educated. ▲ to train Han educado muy bien a su perro. They've trained their dog very well.

efectivo effective. ° en efectivo in cash Quiero que me paguen en efectivo. I want to be paid in cash.

efecto effect. ▲ impression Su actuación causó mal efecto. His behavior made a bad impression. ° en efecto in fact ¡En efecto, no sabe nada! In fact, he doesn't know anything.

efectuar to carry out, put into effect.

eficaz efficient, effective Tomaron una medida muy eficaz. They took a very effective measure.

efusión [f] effusion, warmth La efusión de su acogida le emocionó. The warmth of his reception moved him.

egoísta selfish Es un hombre muy egoísta; no piensa en los demás. He's a very selfish man; he never thinks of others.

¡eh! hey! ¡Eh! Aquí estoy. Hey, here I am!

eje [m] axle El eje está roto. The axle's broken. ▲ main point Este es el eje de la cuestión. That's the crux of the matter.

ejecución [f] execution Se hará cargo de la ejecución del proyecto. He'll be in charge of carrying out the plan. ▲ performance La ejecución del programa musical fué excelente. The performance of the musical program was excellent.

ejecutar to execute, carry out Se están ejecutando cambios en el Gabinete. They're making changes in the Cabinet.

ejecutivo [adj] executive; efficient.

ejemplar exemplary Es de una conducta ejemplar. His conduct is exemplary. ▲ [m] copy No pude conseguir otro ejemplar del libro. I couldn't get another copy of the book.

ejemplo example Sirve de ejemplo a los demás. He sets an example for the others. — Déme Ud. un ejemplo porque no entiendo. Give me an example; I don't understand.

ejercer to handle, hold, practice Ha ejercido ese cargo por mucho tiempo. He's handled that job for a long time.

ejercicio exercise, drill.

ejercitar to exercise, drill Está ejercitando su caballo. He's exercising his horse.

ejército army. ejote [m] string bean [Am].

el the.

él he El llegó tarde. He arrived late.

elástico [adj; m] elastic.

elección [f] election; choice.

electo See elegir.

electricidad [f] electricity.

electricista [m, f] electrician.

eléctrico electric.

elefante [m] elephant.

elegancia elegance Estaba vestida con elegancia. She was elegantly dressed.

elegante stylish, smart.

elegir [rad-ch III] to choose, select Sabe elegir sus amigos. He knows how to choose his friends. ▲ to elect ¿A quién han elegido presidente del club? Who did they elect president of the club?

elemental elementary.

elemento element, factor Es un elemento perturbador. He's a disturbing element. ▲ element Cuando baila está en su elemento. He's in his element when he's dancing.

elevación [f] elevation, height, altitude.

elevar to erect Van a elevar un monumento a los héroes. They're going to erect a monument to the heroes. ° elevarse to climb, ascend Los aviones se elevaron a gran altura. The airplanes climbed very high.

eliminar to eliminate.

ella she.

ello it, that Hablemos de ello. Let's talk about that.

ellos [m] they.

elocuencia eloquence.

elocuente eloquent.

elogiar to praise Nunca elogia a nadie. He never praises anyone.

elogio praise.

elote [m] ear of green corn (for roasting) [Am].

emanación [f] fumes.

embajada embassy; delegation.

embajador [m] ambassador.

embanderar to decorate with banners La calle está embanderada. The street's decorated with banners.

embarcar to ship, send by boat Embarcaré mi equipaje primero. I'll ship my baggage first. ° embarcar(se) to embark Se embarcó para Buenos Aires. He embarked for Buenos Aires.

embargar to seize, attach Les embargarán todas sus propiedades. They'll seize all their property.

embargo ° sin embargo however, nevertheless Aunque es el estado más pequeño, es, sin embargo, el más poblado. Though it's the smallest estate, nevertheless it's the most densely populated.

embarque [m] shipment; boarding (a ship).

embestir [rad-ch III] to attack, charge (head first) El enemigo embistió con furia. The enemy attacked furiously.

emblema [m] emblem, insignia.

embriagar to make drunk, intoxicate Este vino embriaga muy fácilmente. This wine's very intoxicating. ▲ to overcome Estaba embriagado por la emoción. He was overcome with emotion. ° embriagarse to get drunk Se embriagaron en la fiesta. They got drunk at the party.

embrollar to muddle, mess up No embrolle Ud. las cosas. Don't mess things up.

embrollo muddle, mess ¡Esto es un embrollo! This is a mess.

embromar to play jokes on Se pasa el tiempo embromando a todo el mundo. He spends his time playing jokes on everybody.

embuste [m] lie Todos creyeron su embuste. Everyone believed his lie.

embustero, embustera liar.

emergencia emergency.

emigración [f] emigration.

emigrante [m, f; adj] emigrant.

emigrar to emigrate.

eminencia summit, top; hill Desde una eminencia se divisaba el valle. From a hill one could see the valley. ▲ outstanding person (in science, letters, arts).

eminente famous, eminent Es un escritor eminente. He's a famous writer.

emoción [f] emotion Me quedé mudo de la emoción. I was speechless with emotion. ▲ feeling El actor hizo su papel con emoción. The actor played the part with feeling.

emocionarse to be moved Se emociona fácilmente. He's easily moved.

empacar to pack.

empalizada (wooden) fence.

empalizar to fence Empalizaron el jardin. They fenced the garden.

empalme [m] junction.

empañar to blur, dim La humedad empaña los vidrios. Moisture blurs the glass.

empapar to soak Empape esta esponja en agua. Soak this sponge in water. ° empaparse to be soaked, be drenched Llueve tanto que me he empapado al cruzar la calle. It's raining so hard I got soaked crossing the street. emparejar to make level, make even [Am]; to match [Sp].

empatar to equal. ▲ to tie Los dos equipos empataron en el primer partido. The two teams tied in the first game.

empate [m] tie, draw.

empedrado cobblestone pavement.

empedrar to pave with cobblestones.

empellón [m] push, shove Me dio un empellón y pasó delante de mí. He gave me a push and got ahead of me. ° entrar a empellones to push one's way in La gente entraba a empellones. The people pushed their way in.

empeñar to pledge, give Empeñé mi palabra. I gave my word. ▲ to pawn Tuvo que empeñar su reloj. He had to pawn his watch. ° empeñarse en to be bent on Se empeña en hacerlo a pesar de los obstáculos. He's bent on doing it in spite of all obstacles.

empeño determination, firmness Trabajó con tanto empeño que se hizo rico. He worked with such determination that he became rich. ▲ pawn; pawning. ° casa de empeños pawnshop.

empeorarse to grow worse.

empezar [rad-ch I] to begin ¿A qué hora empieza la función? When does the performance begin?

empinado steep.

empinar ° empinar el codo to drink Le gusta empinar el codo. He likes to drink. ° empinarse to stand on one's toes Tendrá que empinarse para poder ver. You'll have to stand on your toes to see.

empleado See emplear. ▲ [n] employee.

emplear to use, employ Emplearemos otro material. We'll use other material. ▲ to employ, hire ¿Van a emplear más gente? Are they going to employ more people? ▲ to invest Empleó su dinero en negocios. He invested his money in business.

empleo employment; job Tengo un buen empleo. I have a good job. ▲ use El empleo de esa palabra no es común. That word isn't in common use.

empobrecerse [-zc-] to become poor.

empolvarse to powder oneself Se empolva demasiado. She uses too much powder. ▲ to get dusty En este tiempo se empolva mucho la carretera. The road gets very dusty in this weather.

emprender to undertake.

empresa undertaking, project, enterprise Es muy difícil realizar esa empresa. It's very difficult to carry out that project. ▲ company Ha quebrado la empresa. The company's failed.

empresario manager (theatrical), promoter.

empujar to push Haga el favor de empujar la mesa hacia aquí. Please push the table over this way.

empujón [m] push Le dieron un empujón. They gave him a push. ° a empujones by pushing.

en in. ▲ at La vi en la estación. I saw her at the station. ▲ on ¿En cuál tren vino Ud.? What train did you come on? ° en vano in vain Esperé en vano toda la tarde. I waited all afternoon in vain.

enamorado in love. ▲ [n] one in love, lover, sweetheart.

enamorar to flirt with, make love to Enamora a todas las chicas. He makes love to all the girls. ° enamorarse de to fall in love with.

encadenar to chain.

encajar to fit La tapa no encaja bien. The cover doesn't fit well. ▲ to fit in Ella no encaja bien aquí. She doesn't fit in here.

encaminar to direct Los encaminamos a la estación. We directed them to the station. ° encaminarse to make one's way, go Se encaminó hacia su casa. He went toward his house.

encantador [adj] charming. ▲ [n] charmer.

encantar to charm, delight Esta escena me encanta. This scene delights me.

encanto charm.

encarado ° mal encarado tough-looking Es un tío muy mal encarado. He's a very tough-looking guy.

encaramarse to climb Se encaramó al árbol. He climbed the tree.

encarcelar to imprison.

encarecer [-zc-] to raise, make expensive Han encarecido el precio de la carne. They've raised the price of meat. ▲ to beg Le encarezco que lo haga con cuidado. I beg you to do it carefully. ° encarecerse to become more expensive, go up Los víveres se han encarecido. The price of food's gone up.

encargado (see encargar) in charge Está encargado de la organización de la fiesta. He's in charge of preparations for the party. ▲ [n] manager, person in charge Hable Ud. con el encargado. Speak to the manager.

encargar to entrust Le encargaron una misión muy delicada. They entrusted him with a very delicate mission. ▲ to ask, urge Me encargó que no lo dijese. He urged me not to say it. ° encargarse to take charge Me encargaré del trabajo. I'll take charge of the work.

encargo job, assignment Me ha dado un encargo que no me gusta. He's given me an assignment that I don't like. ▲ errand Salió a hacer unos encargos. He went out on some errands.

encarnado [adj] red.

encarnizado cruel, pitiless.

encendedor [m] cigarette lighter.

encender [rad-ch I] to light, put on Haga el favor de encender la luz. Please put on the light. ° encenderse to light up, go on Se encendieron los faroles. The street lights went on.

encendido (see encender) bright-colored. ° ponerse encendido to blush.

encerrar [rad-ch I] to lock up Los encerraron en un calabozo. They locked them up in a cell. ▲ to include, contain Ese libro encierra ideas útiles. That book contains useful ideas. ° encerrarse to shut oneself (up), lock oneself (up) Se ha encerrado en su cuarto. He locked himself in his room.

encía gum (of the mouth).

encima on ¿Quiere Ud. que ponga esto encima de la mesa? Do you want me to put this on the table? ° por encima superficially, sketchily He leído el diario por encima. I skimmed through the paper. ° por encima de above El avión volaba por encima de las nubes. The airplane was flying above the clouds.

encina evergreen oak (tree).

encinta pregnant.

encoger to shrink Esa tela va a encoger si se lava. That material's going to shrink if it's washed. ° encogerse de hombros to shrug one's shoulders Se encogió de hombros por toda contestación. His only answer was to shrug his shoulders.

encogido (see encoger) bashful Era un chico muy encogido. He was a very bashful boy.

encolerizar to anger. ° encolerizarse to become angry.

encomendar to charge with, entrust to Le encomendarán la ejecución del proyecto. They'll entrust the completion of the project to him.

encomienda ° encomienda postal parcel, package, parcel post [Am].

enconado (see enconarse) rankling Se tenían un odio enconado. They had a rankling hatred for each other.

enconarse to become infected Se le ha enconado la herida. His wound has become infected.

encontrar [rad-ch I] to find Encontré este reloj en la estación. I found this watch at the station. — ¿Cómo encuentra Ud. el trabajo? How do you find the work? ▲ to meet Anoche encontré a mi amigo en la biblioteca. I met my friend in the library last night. ° encontrarse to meet Nos encontraremos en el teatro. We'll meet in the theater. ▲ to collide Los dos camiones se encontraron con gran estrépito. The two trucks collided with a great crash. ▲ to be Mi mujer se encontraba allí. My wife was there. ▲ to come upon Al doblar la esquina nos encontramos con el desfile. We came upon the parade when we turned the corner. ▲ to feel ¿Cómo se encuentra el enfermo esta mañana? How's the patient feeling this morning?

encontronazo bump, collision.

encorvar to bend, curve. ° encorvarse to bend, stoop.

encrucijada street or road intersection.

encuentro meeting Fué un encuentro muy afortunado. It was a very fortunate meeting. ▲ match Después de veneer en todos los encuentros, obtuvo el título de campeón. After winning all the matches, he got the title of champion. ° salir al encuentro de to go to meet Salió al encuentro de los invitados. He went to meet the guests.

encurtido pickle [Am].

enderezar to straighten. ° enderezarse to straighten up, sit up.

endiablado devilish, mischievous.

endoso indorsement.

endulzar to sweeten.

endurecer(se) [-zc-] to harden.

enemigo [n; adj] enemy.

enemistad [f] enmity.

energía energy. ° energía eléctrica electric power.

enérgico energetic.

enero January.

enfadar to anger, annoy. ° enfadarse to get angry No hay motivo para enfadarse. There's no reason to get angry.

enfado anger, annoyance.

énfasis [m] emphasis.

enfermar(se) to fall ill, to get sick. enfermedad [f] illness, sickness, disease.

enfermera nurse.

enfermo [adj] sick Ayer operaron al niño enfermo. They operated on the sick child yesterday. ▲ [m] patient El enfermo está en el hospital. The patient's in the hospital.

enflaquecer(se) [-zc-] to become thin.

enfrente opposite, across Enfrente hay una casa blanca. Across (the street) there's a white house. ° de enfrente across the street Viven en la casa de enfrente. They live in the house across the street. ° enfrente de opposite El auto está parado enfrente de aquel edificio. The car's parked opposite that building.

enfriamiento [m] cold (illness).

enfriar to cool Debemos enfriar el agua en la nevera. We must cool the water in the ice box. ° enfriarse to cool off, become cold Deje el café ahí para que se enfríe. Leave your coffee there so it can cool off. ▲ to get chilled Abrigúese bien, no se vaya a enfriar. Dress warmly so you won't get chilled.

engañar to deceive Engañó a su amigo. He deceived his friend. ° engañarse to make a mistake, be wrong Se engañaron a causa de la niebla. They made a mistake because of the fog.

engaño deceit.

engordar to fatten; to get fat.

enhorabuena congratulations.

enjuagar to rinse.

enlace [m] marriage Han anunciado su próximo enlace. They've announced their coming marriage. ▲ connection(s) El enlace de trenes es excelente en esta estación. The train connections at this station are excellent.

enlazar to connect Esos dos trenes enlazan en la próxima estación. Those two trains connect at the next station.

enlodarse to get muddy Las ruedas se enlodaron completamente. The wheels got all muddy.

enloquecer [-zc-] to become insane A consecuencia del golpe enloqueció. As a result of the blow he became insane. ▲ to drive crazy Este trabajo me está enloqueciendo. This work's driving me crazy. ° enloquecerse to get furious or mad Con la discusión se enloqueció. He got furious as a result of the argument.

enmendar [rad-ch I] to amend, correct Hágame el favor de enmendar esta copia. Please correct this copy for me. ° enmendarse to mend one's ways, reform Si no no se enmienda, no podrá triunfar nunca. If he doesn't mend his ways, he'll never succeed.

enmohecido rusty.

enojar to anger La suspensión del espectáculo enojó al público. The public was angered by the suspension of the show. ° enojarse to get angry Enojándose no arreglará nada. Nothing will be gained by getting angry.

enojo anger.

enorme enormous.

enormidad [f] outrage Lo que ha hecho ese hombre es una enormidad. What that man's done is an outrage. ▲ great number, great quantity En la fiesta hubo una enormidad de gente. There was a great crowd at the party.

enredadera climbing vine.

enredar to snarl, tangle up El gato enredó todos los hilos. The cat tangled up all the threads. ▲ to snarl, mess up El gerente enredó todos los negocios de la compañía. The manager messed up all the company's business. ° enredarse to get snarled Se enredó la cuerda. The string got snarled. ° enredarse con to get involved with Se enredó con una mala mujer. He got involved with a bad woman. ° enredarse en to get involved in Se enredó en negocios sucios. He got involved in shady business affairs.

enredo tangle, intrigue.

enriquecer [-zc-] to enrich. ▲ to enhance Ese adorno enriquece mucho el traje. That trimming enhances the dress. ° enriquecerse to get rich Se enriqueció de repente. He got rich quickly.

enrollar to roll up Enrolle Ud. esas revistas. Roll up those magazines.

enronquecer(se) [-zc-] to get hoarse Se enronqueció de tanto gritar. He got hoarse from so much shouting.

ensalada salad.

ensanchar to widen Estaban ensanchando el camino cuando pasamos. They were widening the road when we passed. ▲ to let out, enlarge Tiene Ud. que ensancharme la chaqueta. You'll have to let out my jacket.

ensayar to try, test Vamos a ensayar el nuevo material. We're going to test the new material. ▲ to rehearse No han tenido tiempo de ensayar la comedia. They haven't had time to rehearse the play.

ensayo test, trial; rehearsal.

ensenada cove. enseñanza instruction, teaching.

enseñar to teach Un mejicano le enseñó español. A Mexican taught him Spanish. ▲ to show Me enseñó el retrato de su novia. He showed me a picture of his sweetheart. ▲ to show, point out Enseñe Ud. el camino al señor. Show this gentleman the way.

ensillar to saddle.

ensordecer [-zc-] to deafen.

ensuciar to soil, to dirty.

ensueño pipe dream, day dream.

entablar to board up Entablaron las ventanas. They boarded up the windows. ▲ to begin, start Han entablado negociaciones. They've started negotiations.

entablillar to put splints on Se rompió un brazo y tuvieron que entablillárselo. He broke his arm and they had to put splints on it.

entender [rad-ch I] to understand Ya entiendo lo que Ud. quiere decir. Now I understand what you mean. ° a (or según) mi entender in my opinion A mi entender es mejor cambiar de procedimiento. In my opinion it's better to change the policy. ° entender de to be familiar with, be good at ¿Entiende Ud. de mecánica? Are you good at mechanics? ° entenderse con to deal with Tendrán que entenderse con el jefe. They'll have to deal with the boss. ° entender(se) en to be in charge of ¿Quién se entiende en este asunto? Who's in charge of this matter?

entendido (see entender) ° estar (or quedar) entendido to be understood Está entendido que empezaremos mañana. It's understood that we'll start tomorrow. ° no darse por entendido to pretend not to understand No me di por entendido. I pretended I didn't understand. ° ser (muy) entendido en to be skilled or informed in Es un obrero muy entendido en su oficio. He's very skilled in his trade.

entendimiento understanding; mind.

enterar to inform, report Debemos enterar a la dirección de lo que pasa. We must inform the management of what's going on. ° enterarse to pay attention No te enteras de lo que te estoy diciendo. You aren't listening to what I'm saying. ° enterarse (de) to learn Acabo de enterarme de la noticia. I've just learned the news. ▲ to find out, inquire Entérese del hotel en que viven. Find out what hotel they're living at.

entereza fortitude; presence of mind.

entero entire, whole.

enterrar [rad-ch I] to bury.

entierro burial.

entonación [f] intonation.

entonar to sing in tune; to begin to sing. ▲ to harmonize, blend (of colors) Estos colores entonan muy bien. These colors harmonize very well.

entonces at the time, then Entonces vivía con sus padres. He was living with his parents at the time. ▲ then ¿Entonces ya no me necesita Ud.? Then you don't need me now, do you? — ¿Y entonces que pasó? And then what happened? || ¿Entonces? Then what? or And then? [Am].

entrada entrance Adornaron la entrada con banderas. They decorated the entrance with flags. ▲ admission La entrada será gratis. Admission will be free. ▲ attendance La función tuvo una buena entrada. The show was well attended. ▲ ticket, seat Debemos comprar las entradas ahora mismo. We have to buy the tickets right now. ▲ admittance Se prohibe la entrada. No admittance. ▲ beginning A la entrada del invierno saldré de viaje. I'm leaving on a trip at the beginning of winter. ▲ entrée ¿Qué desea Ud. como entrada? What do you want for an entree? ° entradas receding hair at temples A pesar de su juventud ya tiene entradas. In spite of his youth his hair's already receding at the temples. ▲ income Las entradas superan a las salidas. The income exceeds the outgo. || Entrada pública. Admission free.

entrar to enter, come in, go in ¿Se puede entrar? May I come in? ▲ to fit El zapato no me entra, es muy chico. The shoe doesn't fit me; it's too small. ▲ to join Quiero entrar en un club deportivo. I want to join an athletic club. ° entrar a trabajar to go to work, be employed Entraron a trabajar en una fábrica. They went to work in a factory. ° entrar en (or a) to enter Entrará en la Universidad el año próximo. He'll enter the University next year. || A este chico no le entra la aritmética. This child can't get arithmetic through his head.

entre between La mujer estaba sentada entre dos hombres. The woman was sitting between two men. ▲ among Repartiremos las ganancias entre todos. We'll divide the profits among all of us. — Es muy alegre la vida entre estudiantes. Life among students is very gay. — Entre los cuatro levantaron la carga. Among the four of them, they picked up the load.

entreabierto (see entreabrir) ajar, half-open.

entreabrir to open halfway, open part way.

entreacto intermission.

entrega delivery Ud. tendrá que pagar a la entrega del paquete. You'll have to pay for the package on delivery.

entregar to deliver, hand over No han entregado la mercadería todavía. They haven't delivered the goods yet. ▲ to hand Entregúeme la carta. Hand me the letter. ▲ to give up, surrender, turn over Lo entregaron a la policía. They turned him over to the police. ° entregarse to give in, yield Se entregó a la bebida. He gave in to drink. ▲ to surrender El batallón se entregó al enemigo. The battalion surrendered to the enemy.

entrenador [m] trainer, coach.

entrenamiento training, coaching.

entrenar to train.

entrepaño shelf.

entretanto meanwhile.

entretener [irr] to entertain, amuse Hay que entretener al niño con algo. You have to amuse the child with something. ▲ to delay, tie up Mis asuntos me entretuvieron hasta muy tarde. My affairs tied me up until very late. ° entretenerse to amuse oneself Nos entretuvimos jugando a las cartas. We amused ourselves playing cards. ▲ to be tied up, be delayed Me entretuve hasta muy tarde arreglando unas cosas. I was tied up until very late getting some things in order.

entretenido (see entretener) entertaining, amusing.

entretenimiento pastime.

entrevista interview.

entrevistar to interview.

entristecer [-zc-] to sadden, be depressing Lo negro entristece. Black is depressing. ° entristecerse to become sad Se entristeció mucho al saberlo. He became sad when he found out.

entumecer to numb El frío entumece los miembros. Cold numbs the limbs. ° entumecerse [-zc-] to become numb.

enturbiar to roil, make muddy El temporal enturbió las aguas. The storm roiled the water. ▲ to dim (vision) La fiebre le enturbió la vista. The fever dimmed his vision. ° enturbiarse to become muddy El agua se enturbió con la lluvia. The water became muddy because of the rain.

entusiasmar to make enthusiastic Las noticias entusiasmaron al público. The news made the public enthusiastic. ° entusiasmarse to be enthusiastic Los muchachos se entusiasmaron con la música. The boys were enthusiastic about the music.

entusiasmo enthusiasm.

entusiasta [m, f] enthusiast.

envejecer [-zc-] to age, become old.

envenenamiento poisoning.

envenenar to poison.

enviado envoy.

enviar to send Envíe Ud. la carta por correo aéreo. Send the letter airmail. ° enviarle a uno a paseo to send one about his business, tell someone to go chase himself.

envidia envy.

envidiable enviable.

envidiar to envy Envidia a todos sus amigos. He envies all his friends.

envidioso envious.

envío shipment.

envolver [rad-ch I] to wrap No envolvieron bien la caja. They didn't wrap the box well.

envuelto (see envolver) involved Siempre está envuelto en líos. He's always involved in some sort of a mess.

epidemia epidemic.

episodio episode.

época epoch, time, times, period.

equilibrio balance.

equipaje [m] baggage, luggage Si va Ud. en avión no podrá llevar mucho equipaje. If you go by plane you won't be able to take much luggage. — En la frontera van a registrar el equipaje. They're going to examine the baggage at the border.

equipo team; equipment.

equivalencia equivalent Déme Ud. la equivalencia en dólares. Give me the equivalent in dollars.

equivocación [f] mistake Se llevó mi abrigo por equivocación. He took my coat by mistake.

equivocar to mistake, confuse Equivocó los paquetes. He mixed up the packages. ° equivocarse to make a mistake, be wrong Se equivoca Ud. You're wrong. ° equivocarse de to ... the wrong ... Me equivoqué de autobús. I took the wrong bus. — Me equivoqué de puerta. I went to the wrong door.

error [m] mistake Esta copia está llena de errores. This copy's full of mistakes. ° error de imprenta typographical error (in printed matter). ° error de máquina typographical error (in typewriting). ° estar en un error to be mistaken Dispénseme, pero está Ud. en un error. Excuse me, but you're mistaken.

esa (see ese) that.

escabroso rough, uneven Bajamos por un camino muy escabroso. We went down a very rough road. ▲ off-color, risque Nos contó un chiste escabroso. He told us an off-color story.

escala (rope) ladder Cayó al romperse la escala. He fell when the ladder broke. ▲ scale ¿A qué escala está este mapa? What's the scale of this map? — Estaba haciendo escalas en el piano. He was playing scales on the piano. ° hacer escala to make a stop El barco hará escala en Cádiz. The ship'll make a stop at Cadiz.

escalera stair, stairway Subió las escaleras corriendo. He ran up the stairs. ▲ ladder Apoye la escalera contra la pared. Put the ladder against the wall.

escalón [m] step ¿Cuántos escalones tiene esta escalera? How many steps has this staircase?

escampar to clear up, stop raining Al escampar podremos seguir. We'll be able to go on when it clears up.

escandalizar to shock, scandalize La noticia escandalizó al público. The news shocked the public.

escándalo scandal.

escapada escapade. ° en una escapada in a jiffy Aun no lo he hecho pero lo haré en una escapada. I haven't done it yet, but I'll do it in a jiffy.

escapar to escape Escapamos de un gran peligro. We escaped from a great danger. ° escaparse to escape, run away Se nos escapó el perro. The dog ran away from us. — Se han escapado unos presos de la cárcel. Some prisoners have escaped from the jail. ▲ to slip out Siento haberlo dicho, se me escapó. I'm sorry I said it; it slipped out.

escapatoria escapade, prank Las escapatorias de ese niño preocupan a sus padres. That child's pranks worry his parents.

escape [m] escape. ° a escape hastily, in a hurry.

escarbar to scratch, dig, pick.

escasear to be scarce La gasolina escasea por aquí. Gasoline is scarce around here.

escasez [f] shortage, scarcity.

escaso scarce, short La carne está escasa. Meat's scarce.

escena scene No me hagas escenas. Don't make scenes. ▲ stage Al levantarse el telón, la escena estaba oscura. When the curtain went up, the stage was dark.

escenario stage (of a theater).

esclavo, esclava slave.

escoba broom.

escoger to choose, take, select Escogimos el camino más corto. We took the shortest road.

escolar scholastic. ▲ [n] student.

esconder to hide No sé en dónde escondieron la llave. I don't know where they hid the key.

escopeta shotgun.

escribiente [m, f] clerk.

escribir [irr] to write. ° escribir a máquina to type, typewrite.

escrito (see escribir) written.

escritor, escritora writer, author.

escritorio desk.

escuadra fleet (naval); carpenter's square.

escuchar to listen Escuche Ud. un momento. Listen a minute.

escuela school.

escultura sculpture.

escupir to spit Se prohibe escupir. Spitting prohibited.

escurrir to wring Escurra bien esa ropa antes de tenderla. Wring those clothes well before you hang them up. ▲ to drain Escurre las espinacas. Drain the spinach. ° escurrir el bulto to sneak away, to make a get-away Escurrió el bulto cuando menos lo pensábamos. He sneaked away when we least expected it. ° escurrirse to slip Se escurrió en una monda de plátano. He slipped on a banana peel. — El plato se me escurrió de las manos. The plate slipped out of my hands. ▲ to slip away Se escurrió de la reunión sin que lo viesen. He slipped away from the meeting without anyone seeing him.

ese, esa; pl esos, esas [adj] that, those ¿Quién es ese chico? Who's that boy?

ése, ésa; pl ésos, ésas [pron] that, that one, those Esos no son los míos. Those aren't mine. esencia essence.

esfera sphere.

esfuerzo effort Haré un esfuerzo para terminar el trabajo hoy. I'll make an effort to complete the work today.

eso [neu pron] that Eso es. That's right. ° eso mismo the same Eso mismo creía yo. That's exactly what I used to think.

espacio space El avión se perdió en el espacio. The plane disappeared in the sky. ▲ space, line Escriba Ud. el informe a un espacio. Single-space the report. ▲ blank, space Deje Ud. un espacio. Leave a blank.

espada sword; spade (cards).

espalda back (of the body) Le duele la espalda. His back hurts. ° a espaldas behind one's back Lo hicieron a espaldas de sus padres. They did it behind their parents' back.

espantapájaros [m sg] scarecrow.

espantar to scare, frighten Se espanta por muy poca cosa. She gets scared over nothing at all.

espanto fear, fright.

espantoso terrible, frightful.

espárrago asparagus.

especial [adj] special.

espectáculo spectacle, show La corrida de toros es un espectáculo muy interesante. Bull fighting's a very interesting spectacle. ▲ spectacle, scene No des un espectáculo llorando en la calle. Don't make a spectacle of yourself crying in the street.

espectador, espectadora spectator. ° espectadores [m pl] audience.

espejo mirror.

espera wait Después de una espera larga pudimos entrar. We got in after a long wait. ° estar en (or estar a la) espera de to be waiting for Estuvimos en espera del barco muchas horas. We were waiting for the boat for many hours. ° sala de espera waiting room.

esperanza hope. ° tener (la) esperanza (de) to hope Tengo esperanza de que venga. I hope he'll come.

esperar to expect Espero una llamada telefónica esta mañana. I expect a phone call this morning. ▲ to hope Esperaban que no muriese. They hoped he wouldn't die. ▲ to wait Espero a mi amiga. I'm waiting for my friend.

espeso thick No me gusta la sopa espesa. I don't like thick soup. ▲ heavy Aceite espeso. Heavy oil.

espesor [m] thickness.

espesura thickness, density; thicket.

espía [m, f] spy.

espiar to spy (on).

espina thorn Tengo una espina en el dedo. I have a thorn in my finger. ▲ bone Este pescado tiene muchas espinas. This fish has a lot of bones.

espinacas [f pl] spinach.

espinazo spine.

espíritu [m] spirit, soul.

espléndido splendid, wonderful, swell Después del baile sirvieron una cena espléndida. They served a wonderful dinner after the dance. ▲ generous Son espléndidos con sus amigos. They're generous with their friends.

esponja sponge.

esposa wife. ° esposas [f pl] handcuffs.

esposo husband.

espuela spur.

espuma foam; lather.

esqueleto skeleton. ▲ blank (to be filled out) [Am].

esquina corner (outward angle) Viven en la casa de la esquina. They live in the house on the corner.

esquinazo ° dar esquinazo to evade, avoid Le vi venir pero le di esquinazo. I saw him coming but I avoided him.

establecer [-zc-] to establish Establecieron un nuevo régimen. They established a new regime. ° establecerse to settle Se estableserán en Méjico. They'll settle in Mexico. ▲ to set up a business Se establecieron en la Quinta Avenida. They set up a business on Fifth Avenue.

establecimiento establishment.

estaca stake (post).

estacada ° dejarle a uno en la estacada to leave one holding the bag.

estación [f] station Fueron a recibirnos a la estación. They went to the station to meet us. ▲ season En los trópicos hay sólo dos estaciones. There are only two seasons in the tropics. ▲ stop [Am] Este tren es directo, no hará muchas estaciones. This is a through train; it won't make many stops.

estacionar to park (car, etc). ° estacionarse to park ¿Dónde podemos estacionarnos? Where can we park? ▲ to station oneself.

estadio stadium.

estado condition El camino está en mal estado. The road's in bad condition. ▲ status "¿Estado?" "Soltero." "Marital status?" "Single." ▲ state Hizo un viaje por todos los estados del país. He took a trip through all the states in the country. ▲ state, government Está al servicio del estado. He works for the government.

estallar to break out, start Temen que estalle una insurrección. They're afraid a revolt'll break out. ▲ to explode Al estallar la bomba causó muchos daños. The bomb caused a lot of damage when it exploded.

estampilla postage stamp [Am].

estanco cigar store.

estanque [m] pond.

estanquillo cigar store [Mex].

estante [m] shelf.

estar [irr] to be (in a place) La casa está en la colina. The house is on the hill. ▲ to be (in a condition at a given moment) La sopa está muy caliente. The soup's very hot. ▲ to look, seem Está Ud. muy linda hoy. You look very pretty today. ° estamos a it's (a date or day of the week) "¿A cuántos estamos?" "Estamos a 5 de junio." "What's the date?" "It's the fifth of June." ° estar con to have (an illness) Estoy con dolor de cabeza. I have a headache. ° estar con prisa to be in a hurry No puedo esperar porque estoy con prisa. I can't wait because I'm in a hurry. ° estar de to act as, act in the capacity of ¿Quién está de telefonista hoy? Who's at the switchboard today? ° estar de acuerdo to agree Estuvieron de acuerdo en todo. They agreed on everything. ° estar de viaje to be traveling Estuvimos de viaje durante el verano. We were traveling during the summer. ° estar para to be about to Criando llegamos estaban para salir. When we arrived they were about to leave. ° estar por to be in favor of Yo estaba por ir y ellos por quedarse. I was in favor of going and they were in favor of staying. || ¡Está bien! or Está bueno. All right.

estatua statue.

estatura stature, height.

este [m] east.

este, esta; estos, estas [adj] this, these Este chico nos da mucha guerra. This boy gives us a lot of trouble.

éste, ésta; éstos, éstas [pron] this one, those Este fué el que llegó primero. He was the first to arrive.

estilo style ¿Qué estilo de muebles le gustaría? What style of furniture would you like?

estimar to value, respect, hold dear Estima mucho a sus amigos. He values his friends highly.

estirar to stretch, pull Al estirar la tela se rompió. The material tore when it was stretched. ° estirarse to stretch (oneself). ▲ to stretch Esta tela se estira mucho al lavarla. This cloth stretches a great deal when it's washed.

esto [neu pron] this Esto no lo entiendo. I don't understand this. ° en esto at this point En esto llegó él. At this point he arrived.

estofado stew.

estómago stomach.

estorbar to block, obstruct Este mueble estorba el paso. This furniture's in the way. ▲ to bother, be in one's way No se vaya Ud., no nos estorba. Don't go away, you're not bothering us. ▲ to impede, hinder Las huelgas estorban la producción de guerra. Strikes hinder war production.

estornudar to sneeze.

estrechar to take in, make narrower Me tiene Ud. que estrechar la chaqueta. You have to take in my jacket. ° estrechar la mano (a) to shake hands (with).

estrecho narrow Pasamos por un camino estrecho. We went along a narrow road. ▲ tight El traje le está muy estrecho. The dress is very tight on her. ▲ close Su amistad es muy estrecha. Their friendship's very close. ° [m] strait(s) ¿Ha pasado Ud. por el estrecho de Magallanes? Have you ever gone through the Straits of Magellan?

estrella star; leading actor or actress.

estrellado (see estrellar) ° cielo estrellado starry sky. ° huevos estrellados eggs sunny side up.

estrellar to smash (up) Cualquier día va a estrellar el automóvil. He's going to smash up his car any day. ° estrellarse to crash El avión se estrelló contra la casa. The plane crashed against the house.

estremecer [-zc-] to shake La detonación estremeció el suelo. The explosion shook the ground. ° estremecerse to start, shudder, tremble Se estremeció al oír el ruido. He started when he heard the noise.

estremecimiento shudder, shuddering.

estrenar to open (a play) Mañana estrenarán una nueva obra en el Teatro National. Tomorrow they'll open a new play at the National Theater. ▲ to wear for the first time ¿Está Ud. estrenando ese traje ? Are you wearing that dress for the first time? ° estrenarse to open (of a play) Esa obra se estrenó en Broadway la semana pasada. That play opened on Broadway last week.

estropear to ruin, damage Los niños han estropeado el radio. The boys have ruined the radio. ▲ to spoil Su dimisión estropeó nuestros planes. His resignation spoiled our plans. ° estropearse to be out of order La plancha eléctrica se ha estropeado. The electric iron's out of order.

estruendo deafening noise.

estudiante [m, f] student.

estudiar to study.

estufa stove, heater.

estupendo wonderful Anoche vi una película estupenda. I saw a wonderful movie last night.

estupidez [f] stupidity.

estúpido stupid. ▲ [m] stupid person.

etcétera, etc and so forth, etc.

éter [m] ether.

eterno eternal, endless.

etiqueta label Lea Ud. lo que dice la etiqueta. Read what's on the label. ° de etiqueta formal Habrá un baile de etiqueta en el Casino. There'll be a formal dance at the Casino.

evangelio gospel.

evitar to avoid Evitaba encontrarse con él. He avoided meeting him. ▲ to prevent Lograron evitar la explosión. They succeeded in preventing the explosion.

exactitud [f] accuracy Este trabajo está hecho con mucha exactitud. This work's very accurately done. ▲ punctuality La exactitud es su cualidad característica. Punctuality is his distinguishing characteristic.

exacto exact, correct La cuenta está exacta, gracias. The bill's correct, thank you. ▲ accurate Hizo un relato exacto. He gave an accurate report.

exagerar to exaggerate No le puedo creer porque siempre exagera. I can't believe him because he always exaggerates.

examen [m] examination, test.

examinar to inspect No han examinado todavía el equipaje. They haven't inspected the baggage yet. ▲ to examine El médico examinó al enfermo. The doctor examined the patient. ▲ to observe Examinaba con mucha atención todos sus movimientos. He observed all his movements closely. ° examinarse to be examined, take (an) examination(s) Tendrán que examinarse de español e inglés. They'll have to take examinations in Spanish and English.

excelente excellent. ▲ fine ¡Excelente! Iremos juntos. Fine! We'll go together.

excepción [f] exception.

excursión [f] excursion, picnic.

excusa excuse.

excusado washroom, toilet.

excusar to excuse, pardon Debe Ud. excusar sus faltas. You should excuse his faults. ▲ to decline Excusó la invitación porque no le gustaba la gente. He declined the invitation because he didn't like the people. ° excusarse to apologize Si no va tendrá Ud. que excusarse. If you don't go you'll have to apologize.

exhibición [f] exhibition, showing [Am].

exhibir to exhibit, show.

exigir to require Exigen que se pague por adelantado. Payment is required in advance. ▲ to demand Le exigieron que declarase. They demanded that he testify.

existencia existence, life Me amarga la existencia. He makes my life miserable. ▲ stock Tenían grandes existencias de mercadería. They had a large stock of merchandise.

éxito success El éxito de la empresa sorprendió a todos. The success of the enterprise astonished everybody.

exótico foreign, exotic.

experiencia experience No tengo experiencia en este trabajo. I haven't any experience in this work.

experto expert, skilled.

expirar to expire El plazo del contrato expira hoy. The contract expires today.

explicar to explain ¡Déjeme Ud. que se lo explique! Let me explain it to you! ° explicarse to understand No puedo explicarme lo ocurrido. I can't understand what happened.

explorador [m] explorer; Boy Scout.

explosión [f] explosion, blast.

explotar to work, exploit Están explotando una mina de plata. They're working a silver mine. ▲ to exploit, use Explotaba siempre a sus amigos. He was always using his friends.

exponer [irr] to expose No hay que exponer esto al sol. This mustn't be exposed to the sun. ▲ to explain Exponga Ud. su idea con más claridad. Explain your idea more clearly. ° exponerse to expose oneself Se expone Ud. a que le critiquen mucho. You're exposing yourself to a lot of criticism.

exportación [f] export Trabaja en una oficina de exportación. He works in an export house.

exportar to export.

exposición [f] exhibition; risk.

expresar to express. ° expresarse to express oneself, speak Se expresa con mucha corrección. He expresses himself very correctly.

expresión [f] expression.

expresivo affectionate Escribió una carta muy expresiva. He wrote a very affectionate letter. ▲ expressive Tiene facciones muy expresivas. She has very expressive features.

expreso ° tren expreso express train.

expuesto (see exponer) exhibited, on display Esos libros estaban expuestos en el escaparate. Those books were on display in the window. ▲ dangerous En aquel tiempo era muy expuesto viajar. Traveling was very dangerous at that time.

expulsar to expel.

exquisito delicious El pastel está exquisito. The pie's delicious. ▲ exquisite Tiene un gusto exquisito para vestir. She has exquisite taste in clothes.

extender [rad-ch I] to spread out, extend Extendieron el mapa sobre la mesa. They spread the map out on the table. ▲ to issue La biblioteca le extenderá una tarjeta de lector. The library will issue you a reader's card. ▲ to enlarge Extenderán el campo de aterrizaje. They'll enlarge the landing field. ▲ to expand Han extendido sus negocios por todo el país. They've expanded their business throughout the country. ° extenderse to spread, become common or widespread Se ha extendido mucho esa costumbre. That custom's become very widespread.

exterior [adj; m] outside El exterior de la casa estaba muy deteriorado. The outside of the house was very run down.

externo external Para uso externo solamente. For external use only.

extra [adv] extra El desayuno se paga extra. Extra charge for breakfast. ▲ [f] extra [Am] ¿Leyó Ud. la extra de esta mañana? Did you read this morning's extra?

extranjero foreign Hablaban una lengua extranjera. They spoke a foreign language. ▲ [n] foreigner El hotel está lleno de extranjeros. The hotel's full of foreigners. ° en el extranjero abroad Ha vivido mucho tiempo en el extranjero. He's lived abroad for a long time.

extrañar to miss Extraño mucho a mi madre. I miss my mother very much. ° extrañarle a uno to seem strange (to) Me extraña que no haya llegado aún. It seems strange to me that he hasn't arrived yet.

extraño strange Tiene un nombre extraño. He has a strange name. ▲ [n] stranger No lo conozco, es un extraño. I don't know him; he's a stranger.

extraordinario extraordinary.

extravagante queer, unusual.

extraviarse to be off course, get lost or misplaced Los aviadores se extraviaron. The aviators were off their course.

extremo end Siéntese Ud. al extremo de la mesa. Sit at the end of the table.

F

fábrica factory.

fabricación [f] manufacture.

fabricante [m] manufacturer.

fabricar to manufacture.

fábula fable. ▲ fabrication, lies Todo lo que nos contó es una fábula. Everything he told us was pure fabrication.

fabuloso fabulous.

facción [f] faction. ° facciones features (of the face) Tiene las facciones muy correctas. He has very regular features.

facha appearance, looks No me gustaba la facha que tenía aquel hombre. I didn't like that man's looks. ▲ sight, mess Vestido de aquella manera, era una facha. He was a sight, dressed that way.

fachada front (of a building).

fácil easy. ▲ loose Aquella mujer era muy fácil. She was a loose woman. ▲ probable, likely Es muy fácil que vaya el domingo. It's very likely hell go Sunday. ° fácil de easy to Eso es muy fácil de hacer. That's very easy to do. facilidad [f] facility, ease. ▲ aptitude Mostró gran facilidad para aprender música. He showed great aptitude for music. ° con facilidad with ease, fluently Hablaba inglés con mucha facilidad. He speaks English very fluently. ° dar facilidades to facilitate; to offer assistance El gobierno nos dio toda clase de facilidades para la investigación. The government offered us every assistance in the investigation.

facilitar to supply Facilitó los fondos necesarios para aquel negocio. He supplied the necessary funds for that deal. ▲ to facilitate, make easier Estos libros facilitarán su trabajo. These books will make your work easier.

factor [m] factor, element; baggageman.

factoría trading post; [Mex] factory.

factura bill, invoice Mándeme la factura a casa. Send the bill to my house.

facturar to check (baggage).

facultad [f] faculty No tenía completas sus facultades. He didn't have all his faculties. ▲ authority Se le dio facultad para resolver la cuestión. He was given authority to settle the dispute. ▲ branch of a university, school Se licenció en la Facultad de Derecho. He graduated from Law School.

faena work, task Se dedicaban a las faenas del campo. They were engaged in farm work. ▲ trick Me hizo una mala faena. He played a dirty trick on me.

faja sash (worn around waist); girdle (underwear).

falda skirt Lleva la falda muy corta. She's wearing a very short skirt. ▲ slope, side El pueblo está en la falda de la colina. The village is on the side of the hill. ▲ lap Tenía el niño en la falda. She had the child on her lap.

fallar to pass sentence El juez está dispuesto a fallar. The judge is ready to pass sentence. ▲ to fail Me ha fallado uno de mis mejores amigos. One of my best friends has failed me. ▲ to miss, fail El motor falla siempre al subir las cuestas. The motor always misses going uphill.

fallecer [-zc-] to die, pass away.

fallo verdict, decision.

falsear to falsify Ha falseado los hechos. He's falsified the facts. ▲ to open with a skeleton key or pass key [Am] Los ladrones falsearon la puerta. The thieves opened the door with a pass key.

falsedad [f] falsehood, lie Estoy seguro de que ha dicho una falsedad. I'm sure he's told a lie.

falsificar to forge, counterfeit.

falso false, untrue. ▲ forged La firma era falsa. The signature was forged. ▲ counterfeit Me dieron un peso falso. They gave me a counterfeit peso. ▲ imitation Usaba joyas falsas. She was wearing imitation jewelry. ▲ dishonest Fué muy falso conmigo. He was dishonest with me. ° dar un paso en falso to make a misstep. ° en falso falsely Juró en falso. He swore falsely.

falta error, mistake Hay muchas faltas en esta traducción. There are a lot of mistakes in this translation. ▲ fault Todos tenemos nuestras faltas. We all have our faults. ▲ misdemeanor, petty crime. ° a falta de for lack of Tomaremos esto a falta de cosa mejor. We'll take this for lack of something better. ° hacer falta to be necessary, be needed Hace falta dinero. Money is needed. ° hacerle falta a uno to need Me hace falta un lápiz. I need a pencil. ▲ to miss Ud. me hace mucha falta. I miss you very much. ° sin falta without fail Venga Ud. sin falta a las once. Come at eleven without fail.

faltar to lack Le faltan condiciones para tener éxito en el teatro. He lacks the qualifications for success in the theater. ▲ to be missing ¿Le falta a Ud. algo en su cartera? Is anything missing from your pocketbook? ▲ to be needed Faltan cuatro para completar los cincuenta. Four more are needed to make fifty. ▲ to be lacking Faltan diez minutos para las dos. It's ten minutes to two. ▲ to offend No le he querido faltar. I didn't want to offend him. ° faltar a to be absent from Faltó a la clase el lunes. He was absent from class Monday. ▲ to break, ignore No puede Ud. faltar a la cita. You can't break the appointment. ° ¡No faltaba más! Of course; by all means "¿Va Ud. a quedarse?" "¡No faltaba más!" "Are you going to stay?" "Of course!"

fama fame. ▲ reputation Ese hombre tiene mala fama. That man has a bad reputation. ° tener fama de to have the reputation of Tiene fama de sabio. He has the reputation of being very wise.

familia family. familiar familiar Su apellido me es familiar. His name's familiar to me. ▲ [m] relative Invitaron solaviente a los familiares. They invited only their relatives.

famoso famous.

fanático [adj] fanatic, fanatical. ▲ [m] fanatic.

fango mud.

fantasía imagination Toda esa historia es un producto de su fantasía. That whole story's a product of his imagination. ▲ whim No debe Ud. consentirle todas sus fantasías. You shouldn't give in to all her whims. ▲ fantasy, fairy tale No le crea, todo eso es una fantasía. Don't believe that; it's all a fairy tale.

fantasma [m] ghost.

fantástico fantastic, unbelievable Explicó de una manera fantástica su retraso. He told a fantastic story to explain his delay. ▲ extravagant Daba unas propinas fantásticas. He gave extravagant tips.

fardo big bundle, bale.

farmacéutico pharmacist.

farmacia pharmacy.

faro beacon, lighthouse; headlight.

farol [m] lantern Encienda Ud. el farol para que veamos. Light the lantern so we can see. ▲ street lamp A la luz del farol de la calle leyó la carta. He read the letter by the light of the street lamp. ▲ bluff Se echó un farol diciendo que le conocía. He was bluffing when he said he knew him.

farola street lamp.

farra ° ir de farra to paint the town red, to go on a spree.

fascinar to fascinate.

fastidiar to annoy, bother ¡Hombre, no fastidies con esas bromas! Don't annoy me with those jokes.

fastidioso annoying, tiresome.

fatal fatal.

fatalidad [f] fate.

fatiga fatigue, tiredness El trabajo produce fatiga. Work produces fatigue. ▲ hardship No hay vida sin fatigas. There's no life without hardships. ° pasar fatigas to have a hard time Pasaba fatigas para ganarse la vida. He had a hard time making a living.

fatigar to tire Fatigó al caballo de tanto galopar. He tired the horse with so much galloping. ° fatigarse to get tired ¡Se fatiga Ud. demasiado con este trabajo! You're getting too tired doing this work.

fatuo pompous, vain.

favor [m] favor Le hicieron muchos favores. They did him many favors. ° a favor de with, aided by Remaba a favor de la corriente. He rowed with the current. ▲ on behalf of, for, in favor of Hizo testamento a favor de sus hijos. He made his will in favor of his children. ° en favor in behalf (of someone) Fué el único que habló en su favor. He was the only one who spoke in his behalf. ° favor de please [Am] Favor de pasarme el azúcar. Please pass me the sugar. ° hacer el favor de please ¿Quiere Ud. hacer el favor de pasarme su plato? Will you please pass me your plate? ° por favor please Por favor, ¿Quiere decirme qué hora es? Would you tell me the time, please?

favorable favorable.

favorecer [-zc-] to grant favors to, help Ese hombre ha favorecido mucha a mi familia. That man's helped my family a lot. ▲ to flatter Ud. me favorece. You flatter me. ▲ to become No creo que ese color le favorezca a Ud. I don't think that color becomes you.

favorito [adj; n] favorite.

fe [f] faith. ° de buena fe, de mala fe in good faith, in bad faith Lo hizo de buena fe. He did it in good faith. ° tener fe en to believe in, have faith in Tengo mucha, fe en él. I have great faith in him.

fealdad [f] ugliness.

febrero February.

febril feverish.

fecha date ¿Qué fecha tiene la carta? What's the date on the letter?

fechar to date (a letter, etc).

fecundo prolific, fruitful.

federación [f] federation.

federal federal.

felicidad [f] happiness Es difícil conseguir la felicidad. It's hard to achieve happiness. ▲ safety Salió de aquella prueba con toda felicidad. He carne through that experience safely.

felicitación [f] congratulations Cuando le escriba envíele mi felicitación por su éxito. When you write to him, send my congratulations on his success.

felicitar to congratulate.

feliz happy No creo que será muy feliz viviendo con su suegra. I don't think she'll be happy living with her motherin-law. — Deseamos a Ud. Feliz Año Nuevo. We wish you a Happy New Year.

femenino feminine.

fenómeno phenomenon; freak. ▲ prodigy Era un fenómeno en las matemáticas. He was a prodigy in mathematics.

feo homely, ugly Era un hombre muy feo. He was a very homely man. ▲ serious El asunto tomó un cariz muy feo. The matter took a serious turn. ° hacer un feo to be impolite to, to slight Vaya Ud. a visitarlo, no le haga Ud. un feo. Go and visit him; don't slight him.

feria country market, fair Compró dos caballos en la feria. He bought two horses at the fair. ▲ small change [Mex] ¿Tiene Ud. feria? Do you have any small change?

feriado ° dia feriado holiday [Am].

fermentar to ferment, sour.

feroz ferocious.

ferretería hardware store.

ferrocarril [m] railroad, railway.

fértil fertile.

festivo humorous. ° día festivo holiday.

fiado (see fiar) ° al fiado on credit.

fiambre cold, served cold (of food). ° fiambres [m pl] cold meat, cold cuts.

fiambrera lunch pail.

fianza bail, bond. ° bajo fianza on bail Le han puesto en libertad bajo fianza. They've freed him on bail.

fiar to give credit El Banco le fio hasta cien mil pesetas. The bank gave him a hundred thousand pesetas' credit. ▲ to sell on trust, sell on credit Hoy no se fia mañana sí. Cash today, credit tomorrow. ° fiarse de to trust, rely on No me fío de lo que dice. I don't trust what he says. ° ser de fiar to be trustworthy Ese hombre no es de fiar. That man's not to be trusted.

fibra fiber. ▲ stamina, energy Es un hombre de mucha fibra. He's a man of great energy.

ficha chip (card games); domino; filing card.

fidelidad [f] loyalty, faithfulness La fidelidad es una virtud. Faithfulness is a virtue. ▲ exactness El documento se copió con toda fidelidad. The document was copied exactly.

fiebre [f] fever.

fiel faithful Le era fiel como un perro. He was as faithful to him as a dog. ▲ correct, accurate El relato que hizo era fiel. The account he gave was correct. ° estar en el fiel to balance, be balanced La balanza estaba en el fiel. The scales were balanced.

fieltro felt (material).

fiera wild animal En el circo tienen una magnífica colección de fieras. The circus has a wonderful collection of wild animals. ° como una fiera furious, like a wild beast Se puso como una fiera. He became furious. ° trabajar como una fiera to work like a horse.

fiesta holiday El lunes es día de fiesta. Monday's a holiday. ▲ party Hubo una gran fiesta en su casa. There was a big party at his house. ° hacerle fiestas a uno to play with (an infant) Le hizo fiestas al niño. He played with the child.

figura figure, build Ese hombre tiene muy buena figura. That man has a very good build.

figurar to figure, be Entre los concurrentes figuraba el Duque de X. The Duke of X was among those present. ▲ to be in the limelight, be conspicuous Le gustaba mucho figurar. He liked to be in the limelight. ° figurarse to imagine, think Se figura que puede hacer todo lo que quiere. She imagines she can get away with anything.

fijar to drive in Fijaron estacas para asegurar la tienda. They drove in stakes to hold the tent down. ▲ to post Se prohibe fijar carteles. Post no bills. ▲ to establish Han fijado su residencia en Paris. They've established their residence in Paris. ▲ to fix, set Fijaron la fecha de la boda. They set the date for the wedding. ° fijar los ojos en to stare at. ° fijarse to imagine ¡Fíjate (en) lo que me pasó! Imagine what happened to me! ° fijarse en to pay attention to Fíjese Ud. en lo que le digo. Pay close attention to what I'm telling you.

fijo permanent Su puesto no es fijo. His job isn't permanent. ▲ fixed, set No hacemos rebajas, nuestros precios son fijos. We don't make reductions; our prices are fixed. ▲ fast No se puede quitar. Está fijo. It can't be removed. It's fast. ° a punto fijo exactly No lo sé a punto fijo. I don't know exactly. ° de fijo surely De fijo llueve hoy. It'll surely rain today. ° hora fija exact time, time agreed upon. fila row Déme una butaca de primera fila. Give me a seat in the first row, orchestra. ▲ line, rank Había dos filas de soldados. There were two lines of soldiers. ° en fila in (a) line Los niños estaban en fila. The children were standing in line.

filete [m] steak Comió un filete con papas fritas. He had steak and fried potatoes.

filial filial.

filo (cutting) edge.

filosofía philosophy.

filtrar to filter.

fin [m] end ¿Llegaremos antes del fin de la película? Will we get there before the end of the movie? ▲ purpose No sé con qué fin lo dice. I don't know what his purpose is in saying it. ° a fin de que so (that) A fin de que pudiera volver le mandé dinero. I sent him money so he'd be able to come back. ° a fines de toward the end of, late in (the week, etc) A fines de mes volveré a mi casa. I'll be back home toward the end of the month. ° al fin at last, finally Al fin se quedaron solos. They were alone at last. ° al fin y al cabo after all Al fin y al cabo no era tan mala la comedia. After all the play wasn't so bad. ° en fin in short En fin, ella no le quería. In short, she didn't love him. ▲ well En fin, ya veremos. Well, we'll see. ° por fin at last Por fin pude encontrarle. At last I managed to find him. ° sin fin (de) endless, no end (of), numberless Tenía un sin fin de cosas que hacer. He had no end of things to do.

final [adj] final. ▲ [m] end, conclusion. ° punto final period (punctuation).

financiar to finance [Am].

finca country estate, property, farm.

fineza courtesy, politeness, kindness Me hizo muchas finezas. He extended many courtesies to me.

fingir to pretend ¡No finja Ud. lo que no siente! Don't pretend what you don't feel.

fingirse to feign, pretend Se fingió enfermo para no trabajar. He feigned illness to get out of working.

fino thin, fine, sharp Me gusta una pluma fina. I like a pen with a fine point. ▲ fine, delicate (of features, etc) Esa muchacha tiene las facciones muy finas. That girl has very delicate features. ▲ refined, fine La pulsera es de oro fino. The bracelet's of fine gold. ▲ courteous Era un hombre muy fino. He was a very courteous man. ▲ sheer, thin Llevaba unas medias muy finas. She wore very sheer hose.

finura courtesy.

firma signature Escriba Ud. la firma al pie. Sign it at the bottom. ° buena firma reliable firm or house Trabajaba para una buena firma. He worked for a reliable firm.

firmar to sign.

firme firm, steady, sturdy Tome esta silla que es muy firme. Take this chair; it's sturdy. ° en firme definite, firm Hicieron una oferta en firme. They made a definite offer. ° estar en lo firme to be in the right Creo que estoy en lo firme. I believe I'm in the right. ° firmes [m pl] roadbed La carretera se hizo con firmes especiales. The road was built with a special roadbed.

firmeza firmness.

fiscal fiscal. ▲ [m] attorney-general; district attorney.

física physics.

físico physical. ▲ [n] physicist.

fisonomía physiognomy, countenance, looks.

flaco thin, lean Cada día se le veía más flaco. He appeared thinner every day. ▲ weak Encontré su punto flaco. I discovered his weak spot. ° hacerle a uno un flaco servicio to play a dirty trick on one Le hizo un flaco servicio. He played a dirty trick on him.

flamenco flamingo; flamenco (type of Spanish songs and dances).

flan [m] custard.

flaqueza failing, weakness.

flauta flute.

flecha arrow.

flete [m] freight; freight rate.

flexibilidad [f] flexibility.

flexible flexible. ▲ [m] electric cord [Sp] ; soft hat.

flirtear to flirt.

flojo lazy, slack Es muy flojo para el trabajo. He's very slack about his work. ▲ loose Ese nudo está flojo. That knot's loose.

flor [f] flower. ▲ compliment Al verla pasar le echó una flor. When he saw her pass, he paid her a compliment.

florecer [-zc-] to bloom No creo que florezcan tan pronto los rosales. I don't think the roses will bloom so soon.

florero flower vase.

florido florid, flowery. ▲ in bloom Los almendros están floridos. The almond trees are in bloom.

flota fleet (of ships).

flotación [f] buoyancy. ° línea de flotación waterline.

flotar to float.

foco focus; headlight.

fogón [m] fire box (of locomotive, etc); stove, cooking range.

fogonero stoker, fireman.

folleto pamphlet.

fomentar to foment, promote El gobierno debe fomentar las artes. The government ought to promote the arts. ▲ to foment, instigate Los agitadores fomentaban la rebelión. The agitators instigated the rebellion.

fomento encouragement, promotion El fomento de las artes. Promotion of the arts.

fonda inn.

fondo bottom Lo guardaba en el fondo del cajón. He kept it in the bottom of the drawer. ▲ background El retrato tenía un fondo oscuro. The portrait had a dark background. ▲ back El fondo de la casa. The back of the house. ° a fondo thoroughly Era necesario estudiar el asunto a fondo. It was necessary to study the matter thoroughly. ° andar mal de fondos to be short of money. ° artículo de fondo editorial Escribió un buen artículo de fondo. He wrote a good editorial. ° en el fondo at bottom, at heart En el fondo era una excelente persona. He was an excellent person at heart. ° fondos funds No tengo fondos en el banco. I have no funds in the bank.

fonógrafo phonograph.

forastero, forastera stranger (from another city or town).

forjado (see forjar) ° hierro forjado wrought iron.

forjar to forge, hammer. ° forjarse ilusiones to delude oneself, build castles in the air.

forma shape, form No me gusta la forma de este sombrero. I don't like the shape of this hat. ▲ way, manner No había forma de entenderlo. There was no way of understanding it. ° con buenas (or malas) formas politely (or impolitely) Lo dijo con muy buenas formas. He said it very politely. ° dar forma a to put in final form or shape Había que dar forma al artículo. The article had to be put in final form. ° en forma in order El pasaporte estaba en forma. The passport was in order.

formación [f] formation. ° en formación in formation.

formal reliable Es un hombre muy formal. He's a very reliable man. ▲ serious, sedate, settled Desde que se casó se ha vuelto muy formal. He's become very settled since his marriage.

formalidad [f] earnestness, seriousness Hablemos con formalidad. Let's talk seriously. ° formalidades red tape Perdieron mucho tiempo en todas las formalidades. They lost a lot of time, with all the red tape.

formalizar to arrange, legalize Formalizaron el contrato. They legalized the contract.

formar to form, make, be Formaban un grupo muy alegre. They made a very merry group. ° formar parte de to be a member or part of Formó parte de esa organización. He was a member of that organization.

formidable formidable Se enfrentaban con una competición formidable. They were up against some very formidable competition.

fórmula formula. ▲ solution Había que encontrar una fórmula. A solution had to be found. ° por fórmula as a matter of form Le saludó por fórmula. He greeted him as a matter of form.

formular to draw up, formulate Formuló sus ideas en una memoria. He formulated his ideas in a report.

forro lining (in clothing).

fortaleza fortitude, strength Su fortaleza era notable. His fortitude was remarkable. ▲ fortress.

fortuna fortune Hizo una fortuna especulando en la bolsa. He made a fortune playing the stock market. ▲ luck Tuve la fortuna de encontrarle. I had the luck to find him. ° por fortuna fortunately Por fortuna pudieron escapar. Fortunately, they were able to escape.

forzado See forzar. ▲ [m] convict. ° trabajo forzado forced labor.

forzar [rad-ch I] to force, compel; to rape. ▲ to break down Forzaron la puerta. They broke down the door.

forzoso compulsory, unavoidable La decisión era forzosa. The decision was unavoidable. ° paro forzoso unemployment. fosa grave Lo llevaron a la fosa. They took him to the grave.

fósforo match ¿Tiene Ud. fósforos? Have you any matches?

fotografía photography; photograph.

fracasar to fail La comedia fracasó. The play failed.

fracaso failure, flop El negocio fué un fracaso. The business was a failure.

fracción [f] fraction; fragment.

fragancia fragrance.

frágil fragile.

fragmento fragment.

fraile [m] monk, friar.

franco free, exempt Se estableció un puerto franco. ▲ free port was established. ▲ frank ¡Sea Ud. franco conmigo! Be frank with me! ° franco de porte prepaid Envió la mercancía franco de porte. He sent the merchandise prepaid.

franqueo postage, amount of postage ¿Cuánto es el franqueo de esta carta? What's the postage on this letter?

franqueza frankness Me gusta la franqueza de Ud. I like your frankness. ° con franqueza frankly ¿Habla Ud. con franqueza? Are you speaking frankly?

frasco bottle, flask.

frase [f] phrase.

fraternal brotherly, fraternal.

frazada blanket Ponga Ud. dos frazadas en la cama. Put two blankets on the bed.

frecuencia frequency.

frecuente frequent.

fregadero or fregadera kitchen sink.

fregar [rad-ch I] to scour, scrub Hace falta que frieguen este piso. The floor has to be scrubbed. ▲ to wash (dishes) No me gusta fregar los platos. I don't like to wash dishes. ▲ to annoy [Am] ¡Hombre no friegues más! Stop annoying me!

freír [rad-ch III] to fry Fríe el pescado con aceite. He's frying the fish in oil.

frenar to (put on the) brake; to restrain.

frenesí [m] madness; frenzy.

frenético very angry; frenzied.

freno bit (for horses); brake.

frente [f] forehead. ▲ [m] front, battlefield Los soldados marcharon al frente. The soldiers left for the front. ° al frente de in charge of No sé quien está al frente del negocio. I don't know who's in charge of the business. ° en frente de opposite Vive en la casa que está en frente de la nuestra. He lives in the house opposite ours. ° frente a in front of El coche paró frente a la puerta. The coach stopped in front of the door. ° frente a frente face to face Los dos enemigos estaban frente a frente. The two enemies were face to face. ° hacer frente to face Había que hacer frente a aquel conflicto. The problem had to be faced.

fresa strawberry.

fresco cool (of weather, wind, etc) La noche estaba fresca. The night was cool. ▲ fresh (of food) El pescado estaba muy fresco. The fish was very fresh. ▲ fresh, cheeky, nervy Ese tipo es muy fresco. That guy has a lot of nerve. ▲ [m] cooling drink [Am] ¿Le gusta el fresco de pina? Do you like pineapple drinks? ▲ fresco Los frescos de la catedral son muy interesantes. The frescoes of the cathedral are very interesting. ° quedarse tan fresco to show no concern, to remain unmoved ¡Y se quedó tan fresco! He was completely unconcerned ! ° tomar el fresco to get some fresh air Estaban en el jardín tomando el fresco. They were in the garden getting some fresh air.

frescura coolness Notamos frescura al llegar al río. We felt the coolness when we arrived at the river. ▲ nerve, cheek La frescura de aquel hombre indignaba. The nerve of that man was irritating.

frialdad [f] coldness (of weather); coolness, unconcern.

frijol [m] bean.

frío [adj] cold La sopa está fría. The soup's cold. ▲ cold, unemotional Era de temperamento muy frío. He was a very cold person. ° hacer frío to be cold (of weather) Aquel invierno hizo mucho frío. It was very cold that winter. ° no darle a uno frío ni calor to leave one indifferent No me daba frío ni calor. It left me indifferent. ° tener frío to feel (or be) cold Tengo mucho frío. I'm very cold.

friolento sensitive to cold.

friolera trifle, something unimportant Eso es una friolera. That's a trifle.

friolero chilly, sensitive to cold Es muy friolero. He's very sensitive to cold. ▲ (ironically) extremely important.

frito (see freír) fried. ° estar frito to be annoyed Estaba frito con esas preguntas. He was annoyed by those questions. ° traerle a uno frito to pester or annoy Aquel hombre me traía frito. That man was pestering me.

fritura fritter.

frivolo frivolous.

frontera frontier, boundary.

frotación [f] rub, rubbing.

frotar to rub Le frotó la espalda con alcohol. She rubbed his back with alcohol.

fruncir to shir, gather (material). ° fruncir el ceño or entrecejo to frown.

frustrar to thwart, frustrate.

fruta (edible) fruit De postre siempre tomaba fruta. He always ate fruit for dessert.

frutal [m], árbol frutal fruit tree.

frutero greengrocer; fruit bowl.

fruto fruit (edible or inedible) El fruto de ese arbusto es venenoso. The fruit of that shrub's poisonous. ▲ fruit, reward Aquel esfuerzo no dio fruto. That effort bore no fruit. ▲ profit El negocio no dio fruto. The business didn't produce a profit. ° frutos produce Inglaterra importa frutos españoles. England imports Spanish produce.

fuego fire Atice Ud. el fuego que se apaga. Poke the fire; it's going out. ° hacer fuego to fire (a weapon) Los soldados hicieron fuego. The soldiers fired.

fuente [f] fountain El agua de esta fuente está muy fría. The water of this fountain's very cold. ▲ source Su información es de buena fuente. His information comes from a reliable source. ▲ dish, platter Sirva Ud. el pescado en esa fuente. Serve the fish on that platter.

fuera out, outside Los enviaron fuera. They sent them out. ▲ out ¡Fuera de aquí! Get out! ° desde fuera from the outside Desde fuera no se ve el jardín. The garden can't be seen from the outside. ° fuera de out of Estará tres días fuera de la ciudad. He'll be out of the city for three days. ° fuera de sí beside oneself Estaba fuera de sí de cólera. He was beside himself with anger. ° por fuera on the outside Por fuera la casa es muy bonita. On the outside the house is very pretty.

fuerte strong Era un hombre muy fuerte. He was a very strong man. ▲ bad, severe Ha cogido un catarro muy fuerte. He's caught a very bad cold.

▲ severe, intense Hace un frío muy fuerte. The cold's intense. ▲ heavy, warm, thick Lleve calzado fuerte para la excursión. Wear heavy shoes for the outing. ▲ heavy La lluvia era muy fuerte. The rainfall was very heavy. ▲ harsh, unbearable Lo que le dijo fué demasiado fuerte. What she told him was too harsh. ▲ [adv] loud Habla demasiado fuerte. He speaks too loud. ▲ [m] fort.

fuerza power Ese motor no tiene fuerza suficiente. That motor doesn't have enough power. ° a fuerza de by dint of Lo consiguió a fuerza de trabajo. He got it by dint of hard work. ° a la fuerza forcibly Habrá que hacerlo a la fuerza. It'll have to be done forcibly. ° fuerza(s) strength. ° fuerzas forces Nuestras fuerzas ocuparon la ciudad. Our forces occupied the city. ° por (la) fuerza by force, forcibly Lo metieron al automóvil por la fuerza. They put him into the car forcibly.

fuete [m] quirt, riding whip [Am].

fuga flight, escape.

fugarse to run away, flee, escape.

fullero shady, not on the level Su juego es un poco fullero. He plays a shady game. ▲ stuck-up, conceited, pompous [Am] Es un tipo muy fullero. He's a pompous ass.

fumar to smoke Se prohibe fumar. No smoking.

función [f] function, duty, position ¿Cuáles son sus funciones? What are your duties? ▲ show, performance ¿A qué hora empieza la función? What time does the show start?

funcionamiento [m] working, functioning.

funcionar to work, function, run (of machines) El ascensor no funciona. The elevator isn't running.

funcionario public official, public servant.

funda case, pillowcase; slipcover; sheath.

fundación [f] foundation, founding Hoy se celebra la fundación de la ciudad. Today they're celebrating the founding of the city.

fundamental [adj] fundamental.

fundamento basis Sus ideas no tienen fundamento. His ideas have no basis.

fundar to found, establish. ° fundarse to base oneself En eso me fundo para decirlo. That's my basis for saying so.

fundición [f] melting; foundry. ▲ casting La fundición de la estatua se retrasó. The casting of the statue was delayed. fundir to smelt Fundieron todo el hierro. They smelted all the iron. ° fundirse to combine, merge Se fundieron los dos negocios en uno. They merged the two businesses into one. ▲ to be ruined [Am]. funeral(es) [m] funeral service Los funerales se celebrarán en la catedral. Funeral services will take place in the cathedral.

furia fury.

furioso furious.

furor [m] fury, anger; rage, fashion.

fusil [m] army rifle.

fusilar to shoot (execute by shooting).

fuste [m] substance, importance Una dama de alto fuste. A lady of great importance.

fútbol [m] soccer, football (game).

futuro [adj; m] future. ° en lo futuro in (the) future, hereafter Procure Ud. en lo futuro venir puntualmente a la oficina. In the future, try to get to the office on time.

G

gabán [m] coat, overcoat.

gabinete [m] cabinet Se han encargado de formar gabinete. They've undertaken to form a cabinet. ▲ study, small living room La casa tiene comedor, alcoba y gabinete. The house has a dining room, a bedroom, and a study.

gaceta gazette, newspaper; record.

gacho slouched, turned down, stooped Lleva el sombrero gacho. He wears his hat turned down.

gachupín, gachupina Spaniard who settles in Mexico.

gafas [f pl] eye-glasses, spectacles.

gajo small bunch [Am] Quiero un gajo de uvas. I want a small bunch of grapes. ▲ section, piece Pele la naranja y déme un gajo. Peel the orange and give me a piece.

gala ° función de gala gala performance. ° tener a gala to be proud Tenía a gala ser inglés. He was proud to be an Englishman. ° traje de gala dress suit (uniform).

galán juvenile lead (in a movie or theatrical performance) El galán de esa compañía es muy malo. The juvenile lead of that company is very bad. ° galán, galán easily, without effort [Mex] Galán, galán subió las escaleras. He climbed the stairs easily.

galante attentive Sea Ud. galante con ella. Be attentive to her.

galantear to court, make love to.

galantería compliment Me dijo una galantería. He paid me a compliment. ▲ courtesy.

galápago fresh-water tortoise. ▲ side saddle [Am].

galera shed [Am] El carro estaba debajo de la galera. The cart was under the shed. ▲ wagon; van.

galería gallery (art) La galería de pintura estaba muy concurrida. The art gallery was very crowded. ▲ gallery (theater) Los espectadores de la galería hacían mucho ruido. The spectators in the gallery were making a lot of noise. ▲ glass-covered sun porch Vamos a tomar el sol en la galería. Let's sun ourselves on the sun porch. ▲ underground passageway, gallery Abrieron otra galería en la mina. They opened another passageway in the mine.

galgo greyhound.

gallardía fine bearing Los soldados mostraban gran gallardía. The soldiers had a very fine bearing.

gallego, gallega Spaniard [Am].

galleta cookie ¿Quiere Ud. galletas con el té? Would you like cookies with your tea? ▲ slap Le dio una galleta. She gave him a slap.

gallina [f] hen. ▲ [m] coward ¡Es Ud. un gallina! You're a coward!

gallinero hen coop; top gallery.

gallo cock, rooster. ▲ bully [Sp] ▲ match, equal [Am] Ese no es gallo para él. That fellow's no match for him. ° llevar un gallo to serenade [Mex] .

galón [m] gallon.

galope [m] gallop, canter.

galpón [m] toolshed [Arg].

gana ° dar ganas to feel like No me dan ganas de trabajar. I don't feel like working. ° darle a uno la gana [Fam] to feel like, want to Me da la gana de ir. I'm going because I want to. ° de buena gana willingly Lo hizo de buena gana. He did it willingly. ° de mala gana unwillingly. ° no darle a uno la gana to refuse to, not to feel like No me da la gana de hacerlo. I refuse to do it. ° tener ganas de to feel like Tengo ganas de pasear. I feel like taking a walk.

ganado cattle, livestock Tenía doscientas cabezas de ganado. He had two hundred head of cattle.

ganador, ganadora winner.

ganancia profit, gain.

ganar to win ¿No ganó Ud. la apuesta? Didn't you win the bet? ▲ to gain No ganó nada con decirme eso. He gained nothing by telling me that. ▲ to earn ¿Cuánto gana Ud. a la semana? How much do you earn per week? ° ganar de mano to beat (someone) to it [Arg] Los dos queríamos comprar el caballo pero él me ganó de mano. We both wanted to buy the horse but he beat me to it. ° ganarse la vida to earn a living Me gano la vida como puedo. I earn my living as best I can. ° ganar tiempo to save time.

ganchada ° hacer una ganchada to do a favor [Arg].

gancho hook Colgó la chaqueta en un gancho. He hung his jacket on a hook. ° gancho de cabeza hairpin [m]. ° tener gancho to be attractive, charming Esa muchacha tiene mucho gancho. That girl is very attractive.

ganga bargain Estos calcetines son una ganga. These socks are a bargain.

ganso goose, gander.

garaje [m] garage.

garantía security Antes de prestarle el dinero pidió garantía. Before lending him the money he asked for security.

garantizar to guarantee El reloj estaba garantizado. The watch was guaranteed. ▲ to vouch for Quiero que Ud. le garantice. I want you to vouch for him.

garbanzo chickpea.

garbo grace Baila con garbo. He dances gracefully.

garfio hook, gaff.

garganta throat.

gárgaras [f pl] gargle (act of gargling). ° hacer gárgaras to gargle.

garra claw. ° caer en las garras de to fall into the clutches of.

garrafa decanter; straw-covered bottle.

garrote [m] club (weapon); gallows.

garúa drizzle [Arg].

gas [m] gas (vapor) Encienda Ud. el gas. Turn on the gas. ° llevar gas to go at high speed, go fast Llevaba mucho gas aquel automóvil. That automobile was going very fast.

gasa gauze.

gasolina gasoline.

gastar to spend Gastó casi todo su sueldo. He spent almost all his salary. ▲ to waste Me está Ud. haciendo gastar el tiempo. You're making me waste time. ▲ to wear, use Nunca gasta sombrero. He never wears a hat. ° gastar bromas pesadas to play practical jokes Siempre está gastando bromas pesadas. He is always playing practical jokes. ° gastarse to wear out Se ha gastado muy pronto esa tela. That cloth has worn out very rapidly.

gasto expense Cuando pagó los gastos quedó limpio. When he paid the expenses, he had nothing left. ° hacer el gasto to be the life of the party Fué él quien hizo el gasto de la fiesta. He was the life of the party. ° pagar los gastos to pay the expenses, foot the bill.

gata cat, she-cat. ° andar a gatas to walk on all fours, creep.

gatillo trigger.

gato cat, tom-cat. ▲ jack Nos hace falta el gato para cambiar la rueda. We need a jack to change the wheel. ° dar gato por liebre to cheat, to deceive. || Aquí hay gato encerrado. There is more here than meets the eye.

gaucho gaucho, man of the pampas, cowboy [Am].

gaveta drawer [Am] Los pañuelos están en la gaveta. The handkerchiefs are in the drawer.

gemelo twin Parecían gemelos. They looked like twins. ▲ cuff link. ° gemelos binoculars, opera glasses Préstame los gemelos para verlo mejor. Lend me the binoculars so I can see it better.

gemido moan, whine.

general [adj] general Tomaron billetes de entrada general. They bought general admission tickets. ▲ [m] general [Mil]. ° en general usually, generally En general se va a casa a las cinco. He generally goes home at five o'clock. ° por lo general usually ¿Que bebe Ud. por lo general, vino o cerveza? What do you usually drink, wine or beer? ° por regla general as a general rule.

generalidad [f] greatest part, majority La generalidad de los niños son juguetones. Most children are playful.

generalizar to generalize Generaliza al hablar de los norteamericanos. He generalizes when he speaks of Americans. ° generalizarse to become general El uso del chicle se ha generalizado. The use of chewing gum has become general.

género cloth Ese sastre usa siempre muy buenos géneros. That tailor always uses very good material. ▲ kind ¿Qué género de trabajo le gusta? What kind of work do you like? ° género humano mankind. ° género masculino, género femenino masculine gender, feminine gender. || Sin ningún género de duda. Without any doubt. or Beyond a shadow of a doubt.

generosidad [f] generosity.

genial brilliant Es un músico genial. He is a brilliant musician.

genio genius Es un hombre de genio. He's a genius. ° buen genio good nature Tiene buen genio. He's good-natured. ° mal genio bad temper.

gente [f] people ¿Cuánta gente hay en esta oficina? How many people are there in this office? ▲ folks ¿Cómo está su gente? How are your folks? ° gente bien upper class. ° gente de bien honest people. ° gente menuda children, small fry.

gentil gracious, kind.

gentileza graciousness, kindness.

geografía geography.

geográfico geographical.

gerencia management Mudaron la gerencia de la fábrica. They changed the management of the factory.

gerente [m] manager.

germen [m] germ.

gesto gesture; expression of the face Tenía mal gesto. He had an unpleasant expression on his face. ▲ gesture Su dimisión fué un gesto muy noble. His resignation was a very noble gesture. ° hacer gestos to make gestures, to signal, make (a) sign(s) Hizo gestos de aprobación. He made signs of approval.

giganta giantess.

gigante huge, gigantic. ▲ [m] giant.

gimnasia physical exercise, calisthenics.

gimnasio gymnasium.

gimotear to whine.

girar to revolve, turn La rueda no gira. The wheel doesn't turn. ▲ to turn Llegando a la esquina el coche giró a la derecha. The car turned right when it reached the corner. ▲ to draw Puede Ud. girar contra mí cuenta. You can draw against my account.

giro turn El asunto ha tomado un nuevo giro. The matter has taken a new turn. ▲ draft Ayer le mandamos un giro de veinte dólares. We sent him a draft yesterday for fifty dollars.

giro (postal) money order Mándeme la cantidad por giro (postal). Send me the amount by money order.

gitano, gitana gypsy.

glacial icy El frío es glacial en este país. It's freezing cold in this country.

globo globe, sphere, balloon.

gloria glory En la batalla el general se cubrió de gloria. In the battle the general covered himself with glory. ▲ heaven. ° saber a gloria to be delicious Comimos un pastel que sabía a gloria. We ate a very delicious pie.

glotón [adj; n] gluttonous; glutton.

gobernador [m] governor (political).

gobernar to govern Es un pueblo difícil de gobernar. It is a difficult country to govern. ° gobernarse to manage Se gobierna muy bien. He manages his affairs very well.

gobierno cabinet El primer ministro está formando un nuevo gobierno. The premier is forming a new cabinet. ▲ government Es un gobierno democrático. It's a democratic government. ▲ control Perdió el gobierno del volante. He lost control of the steering wheel.

golfo gulf.

golondrina swallow (bird).

golpe [m] blow El golpe no le hizo daño. The blow didn't harm him. ° al primer golpe de vista at first sight Al primer golpe de vista me pareció más grande. At first sight it seemed larger to me. ° dar golpes to knock, pound Dio varios golpes en la puerta. He knocked on the door several times. ° de golpe suddenly, all of a sudden Me lo dijo de golpe. He told me all of a sudden. ° golpe de estado coup d'état.

golpear to pound Estaba golpeando con el martillo. He was pounding with the hammer.

goma glue; rubber, eraser. ▲ hang-over [Am] ¡Qué goma tengo! What a hangover I have!

gordo fat Era demasiado gordo. He was too fat. ° agua gorda hard water [Sp]. ° hacer la vista gorda to pretend not to see, wink at Los niños robaban la fruta pero el guarda hacía la vista gorda. The children were stealing the fruit but the keeper pretended not to see. ° llevarse un susto gordo to get a bad scare.

gordura stoutness, fatness.

gorro cap (for head). ° ir de gorra to sponge Le gustaba ir de gorra. He liked to sponge on people.

gorrión [m] sparrow.

gorro cap (for head).

gota drop No dejó gota en el vaso. He didn't leave a drop in the glass. ▲ gout. ° gota a gota drop by drop. ° sudar la gota gorda to sweat blood.

gotear to rain, to drizzle. ▲ to leak Esa cañería gotea. That water pipe leaks.

gotera leak (in roof, wall) ¡Tape Ud. esa gotera! Plug up that leak!

gótico Gothic.

gozar to enjoy oneself, have a good time [Am] Gozamos mucho en la fiesta. We had a very good time at the party. ° gozar de to enjoy ¿Goza Ud. de buena salud? Are you enjoying good health?

gozo joy.

grabado (see grabar) engraved Sus iniciales están grabados en la pulsera. Her initials are engraved on the bracelet. ▲ fixed La idea quedó grabado en su imaginación. The idea became fixed in his mind. ▲ [m] engraving, etching Era un experto en el grabado en cobre. He was an expert in copper engraving. ▲ picture (illustration) El periódico tenía muy buenos grabados. The newspaper had very good pictures.

grabar to engrave; to cut (a record).

gracejada crude joke.

gracia wit, charm, grace. ▲ mercy El abogado defensor pidió gracia para el condenado. The defense attorney asked mercy for the condemned man. ▲ joke Se reía de todas sus gracias. He laughed at all her jokes. ▲ name ¿Cual es su gracia de Ud.? What is your name? ° gracias thanks Estoy bien, muchas gracias. I am well, thank you. ° gracias a thanks to Gracias a Ud. llegué a tiempo. Thanks to you I arrived on time. ° hacer gracia to strike one (as) funny Me hace gracia lo que dice. What he says strikes me (as) funny. ° tener gracia to be funny, be witty. || ¡Qué gracia! How swell! or How funny! (Ironical)

gradas wide steps leading to the entrance of a building; bleachers.

grado degree Obtuvo el grado de doctor en filosofía. He got his doctor's degree. — La temperatura bajó tres grados. The temperature went down three degrees. ° de mal grado unwillingly, reluctantly Aceptó de mal grado. He accepted reluctantly.

graduar to set Había que graduar la espoleta. It was necessary to set the fuse. ° graduarse to graduate, be graduated Se graduó en la Universidad de Harvard. He was graduated from Harvard University.

gráfico [adj] graphic Habla de una manera gráfica. He speaks very graphically. ▲ pictorial, picture ¿Hay aquí revistas gráficas? Are there any picture magazines here ? ▲ [m] time table Ese gráfico marca las horas de entrada y salida. That time table gives the hours of arrival and departure.

grama lawn (grass) [Am].

gramática grammar.

gramo gram (weight).

gran (see grande) great Ha tenido Ud. una gran idea. You've had a great idea. ▲ fine, good, grand Es una gran persona. He is a fine person.

granada grenade; pomegranate.

granado ripe, mature Es un hombre granado. He's a mature man. ▲ [m] pomegranate tree.

grande large Un cigarro grande. ▲ large cigar. ▲ tall Es un hombre grande. He's a big man. ▲ old [Am] Es el más grande de los tres. He is the oldest of the three. ° a lo grande in (great) style Le gustaba vivir a lo grande. He liked to live in style. ° en grande on a large scale Las fábricas están produciendo en grande. The factories are producing on a large scale.

grandeza greatness.

grandioso grandiose, magnificent.

granero granary.

granito granite; pimple.

granizo hail.

granja farm.

grano grain El grano maduró bien aquel año. The grain ripened well that year, ▲ pimple Tiene la cara llena de granos. His face is covered with pimples. ° ir al grano to get to the point ¡Vamos al grano! Let's get to the point !

grasa grease Una mancha de grasa. ▲ grease spot. ▲ fat La carne de cerdo tiene mucha grasa. Pork has a lot of fat.

grasiento greasy, oily Tiene el pelo muy grasiento. Her hair is very oily.

gratificar to reward Lo gratificaron espléndidamente. They rewarded him generously.

gratis gratis, free La entrada es gratis. Admission free.

gratitud [f] gratitude.

gratuito free La entrada es gratuita. Admission free.

grave grave, serious El estado de mi amigo es muy grave. My friend's condition is very grave. ▲ deep Tiene la voz grave. He has a deep voice.

gravedad [f] seriousness, gravity.

grieta crack La pared tenía una grieta. The wall had a crack in it. ° grietas en las manos chapped hands Tengo grietas en las manos. My hands are chapped.

grifo having hair or fur bristling or standing on end El gato está grifo. The cat's fur is bristling. ▲ [m] faucet El grifo del baño está estropeado. The faucet in the bathroom's out of order.

grillo cricket (insect). ° grillos fetters (for prisoners) Le pusieron grillos en los pies. They put fetters on his feet.

grima ° darle grima a uno to set one's teeth on edge, get on one's nerves El chirrido de la puerta me da grima. The squeaking of the door gets on my nerves.

gringo gringo, American [Am]; foreigner [Am].

gripa grippe, influenza [Mex].

gripe [f] grippe, influenza.

gris gray.

gritar to shout, scream.

grito scream, shout. ° a grito pelado at the top of one's lungs Nos llamó a grito pelado. He called us at the top of his lungs. ° alzar el grito to raise the voice, shout. ° poner el grito en el cielo to hit the ceiling, make a great fuss.

grosero rude, coarse Era un hombre grosero. He was a coarse man.

grotesco grotesque.

gruesa gross (twelve dozen).

grueso [adj] stout, heavy set Era demasiado grueso. He was too stout. ▲ thick Esta tela es muy gruesa. This cloth is very thick. ▲ [m] main body (of troops) El grueso del ejército atravesó el río. The main body of the army crossed the river.

gruñido growl; grunt.

gruñir to growl El perro gruñó cuando nos acercamos. The dog growled when we approached. ▲ to grunt. ▲ to grumble Gruñía porque no le pagaban bastante. He grumbled because they didn't pay him enough.

gruñón cranky, irritable.

grupo group ¿En qué grupo está su amigo? Which group is your friend in? ▲ clump En lo alto había un grupo de árboles. At the top there was a clump of trees.

guacho odd (only one of a pair) [Chile] Tengo un guante guacho. I have an odd glove.

guagua bus [Ant] ¿Para dónde va eso guagua? Where does that bus go to? ▲ baby [Am] La guagua lloró toda la noche. The baby cried all night.

guajolote [m] turkey [Mex].

guante [m] glove.

guapo handsome Era un hombre guapo. He was a handsome man. ▲ brave Se las da de guapo. He acts like a tough guy.

guarango rough, vulgar [Arg].

guarda [m] guard; [Arg] conductor.

guardar to keep Guarde Ud. copia de ese documento. Keep a copy of that document. ▲ to guard Guardaba la entrada. He was guarding the entrance. ° guardarse de to avoid Guárdese de las malas compañías. Avoid bad company. ° guardar silencio to keep quiet.

guardarropa [m] wardrobe, clothes closet, checkroom.

guardia [m] policeman Llame Ud. a un guardia. Call a policeman. ▲ [f] guard, guard duty Le tocó hacer la guardia. It was his turn for guard duty. ° en guardia on guard Ante el peligro me pongo en guardia. I put myself on guard against the danger. ° estar de guardia to be on guard duty. ° guardia-civil [f] civil guard (body of rural police). ▲ [m] member of civil guard [Sp].

guardián [m] watchman.

guarida den.

guarnición [f] garrison; trimming, edging.

guasa kidding, joking A los andaluces les gusta la guasa. Andalusians are fond of kidding. ° de guasa jokingly.

guasón [m] wag, joker. guerra war. ° dar guerra to cause trouble Ese niño da mucha guerra. That child caused a lot of trouble. ° Departamento de (or Ministerio de la) Guerra War Department.

guía [m, f] guide Hubo que buscar un guía para el viaje. It was necessary to find a guide for the trip. ▲ [f] guide (book), directory. ° guía de ferrocarriles railroad guide. ° guía de turismo tourists' guide book. ° guía telefónica telephone directory.

guiar to guide Iba delante para guiar a los soldados. He went ahead to guide the soldiers. ▲ to drive Aprendió a guiar un automóvil. He learned to drive a car. ° guiarse por to follow Quiso guiarse por los consejos de su amigo. He wanted to follow his friend's advice.

guillotina guillotine.

guisante [m] pea [Sp].

guisar to cook.

gustar to like, be fond of Le gustaba mucho viajar. He was very fond of traveling. — Como Ud. guste. As you like.

gusto taste Esto tiene buen gusto. This tastes good. — Viste con muy buen gusto. She dresses in very good taste. ▲ liking Eso ne es de mi gusto. That isn't to my liking. ° a gusto comfortable ¿Esta Ud. a gusto? Are you comfortable? ° con mucho gusto gladly, willingly, with much pleasure Lo haré con mucho gusto. I shall do it gladly. ° dar gusto a to please Mi deseo es darles gusto a Uds. My wish is to please you. || Tengo mucho gusto en conocerle. I'm very glad to meet you.

H

haba Lima bean.

haber to have (auxiliary). ▲ [m] credit Asiente Ud. esa cantidad en el haber. Enter that amount on the credit side. ° haber de to be to He de salir mañana. I'm to leave tomorrow. ° hay there is, there are. Hay uno. There's one. — Ayer hubo un accidente en la Quinta Avenida. There was an accident on Fifth Avenue yesterday. — Habrá tres. There'll be three. ° hay que it's necessary Hay que hacerlo. It has to be done. — Habrá que hacerlo mañana. It'll have to be done tomorrow. ° no hay de qué you're welcome, don't mention it "¡Muchas gracias!" "No hay de qué." "Thank you !" "You're welcome." || ¿Qué hubo? How goes it? [Mex] habichuela kidney bean. ° habichuela verde (green) string bean.

hábil skillful Era muy hábil como mecánico. He was a very skillful mechanic. ° día hábil work day ¿Cuántos días hábiles hay este mes? How many work days are there this month?

habilidad [f] ability.

habilitado paymaster.

habitación [f] room Mi habitación es el número catorce del tercer piso. My room is number fourteen on the third floor.

habitante [m, f] inhabitant Es un pueblecito de doscientos habitantes. It is a village of two hundred inhabitants.

habitar to inhabit.

hábito habit (of a religious). ▲ habit, custom Tenía por hábito levantarse temprano. It was his custom to get up early. ° tomar el hábito to become a monk or nun.

habitual habitual.

habituarse to become accustomed Se habituó a trabajar en la oficina. He became accustomed to working in the office.

habla speech Su habla es clara y precisa. His speech is clear and precise. — Ese hombre no es de habla española. That man's not of Spanish speech. — El mundo de habla española. The Spanish-speaking world. ° perder el habla to be speechless Con la emoción perdió el habla. He was speechless with emotion.

hablador [adj] talkative Es muy hablador. He's very talkative.

hablar to speak ¿Habla Ud. inglés? Do you speak English? ▲ to talk Habla, pero no sabe lo que dice. He talks, but he doesn't know what he's saying. ° hablar (hasta) por los codos to chatter Ese muchacho habla por los codos. That boy is a chatterbox. ° hablar por hablar to be just talking Ne le creas, habla por hablar. Don't believe him, he's just talking (to hear himself talk). ° hablarse to speak to each other, be on speaking terms Hace dos días que no se hablan. They haven't been speaking to each other for two days. — Aunque eran hermanos no se hablaban. Although they were brothers they were not on speaking terms.

hacendado rancher; landowner [Am] Su padre es un rico hacendado. His father's a wealthy rancher.

hacendoso industrious.

hacer [irr] to make Le han hecho un traje nuevo. They have made him a new suit. ▲ to have Hágales entrar ahora mismo. Have them come in right now. ▲ to do ¿Qué hace Ud. para ganar tanto dinero? What do you do to make so much money? ▲ to be Hace un buen día. It is a beautiful day. ° hacer alarde to boast, brag Hizo alarde de valor. He boasted of his courage. ° hacer caso a to pay attention to No le haga caso. Don't pay any attention to him. ° hacer de cuenta to pretend, act [Am] Haga de cuenta que nada ha ocurrido. Just act as if nothing has happened. or Think nothing of it. ° hacer de las suyas to be up to one's old tricks Otra vez está haciendo de las suyas. He's up to his old tricks again. ° hacer el amor to pay court to, make love to Le estuvo haciendo el amor durante la fiesta. He was making love to her during the party. ° hacer el favor please ¿Quiere hacer el favor de acompañarme? Will you please come with me? ° hacer el honor de to do the honor of ¿Me hará Ud. el honor de comer conmigo? Will you do me the honor of dining with me? ° hacer frío or calor to be cold or hot (of weather) Hoy hace mucho calor. It's very hot today. ° hacer furor to make a hit Está haciendo furor esta nueva canción. This new song is making a big hit. ° hacer gimnasia to do exercises (calisthenics) Hago gimnasia por la mañana. I do exercises in the morning. ° hacer los honores to play or act as host (ess) Nos hizo honores de la casa. She played hostess to us. ° hacerse to become Se ha hecho muy famoso. He's become very famous. ° hacerse el sueco to pretend not to understand. ° hacerse el tonto to play dumb No te hagas el tonto, que te conozco. Don't play dumb; I know you. ° hacerse ilusiones to fool oneself No nos hagamos ilusiones con ese proyecto. Let's not fool ourselves about that project. ° hacerse rogar to be coaxed Le gusta hacerse rogar. He likes to be coaxed. ° hacer un barro to make a break, to put one's foot in it [Arg]. ° hacer un paréntesis to digress Después de hacer un paréntesis, volvió al tema. After digressing, he returned to the subject. ° tener (algo) que hacer to have (something) to do ¿Tiene Ud. algo que hacer hoy? Have you anything to do today? || No le hace. Never mind. or Skip it.

hacha ax.

hacia toward Iba hacia su casa. He was going toward his house. ° hacia acá this way ¡Mire Ud. hacia acá! Look this way! ° hacia adelante forward El coche iba hacia adelante. The car was going forward. ° hacia allá that way ¡Mire hacia allá, a la derecha! Look that way, to the right! ° hacia atrás backward(s) Remaban hacia atrás. They rowed backwards.

hacienda fortune Perdió toda su hacienda. He lost his whole fortune. ▲ ranch, large estate [Am]. ▲ Treasury (government) Ministro (or Secretario) de Hacienda. Secretary of the Treasury.

halagar to flatter.

halagüeño promising, bright Las perspectivas no son halagüeñas. The prospects aren't very bright.

halar [today usually written jalar] to pull [Am] Halaban la cuerda con fuerza. They pulled hard on the rope.

hallar to find Se registró los bolsillos y halló un peso. He searched his pockets and found one peso. ° hallarse to be No ha podido venir porque se halla enfermo. He hasn't been able to come because he is sick.

hallazgo thing found Entre los hallazgos hubo paraguas, zapatos y pañuelos. Among the things found were umbrellas, shoes, and handkerchiefs.

hamaca hammock [Am].

hambre [f] hunger Tenía mucha hambre. He was very hungry.

hambriento hungry, starved.

harapo rag Iba vestido de harapos. He went around dressed in rags.

harina flour, meal.

hartarse to gorge, stuff oneself Tomó helado hasta hartarse. He gorged himself on ice cream.

harto full, stuffed; fed up ¡Estoy harto de sus cuentos! I'm fed up with your stories !

hasta until No regresarán hasta después de las seis. They won't return until after six. — Hasta mañana. Until tomorrow. or See you tomorrow. ▲ as far as Fueron hasta la última calle del pueblo. They went as far as the last street in town. ° hasta aquí so far Hasta aquí todo está bien. So far everything is all right. || Hasta la vista. So long. || Hasta luego. So long.

hay See haber.

haya beech tree.

hazaña feat, exploit, deed El soldado fué condecorado por sus hazañas. The soldier was decorated for his deeds.

hebilla buckle (fastener).

hebra thread.

hechicero bewitching Tiene una cara hechicera. She has a bewitching face.

hechizo domestic, made in (a given country) [Am].

hecho (see hacer) done. ▲ ready-made Prefiero un traje hecho. I prefer a ready-made suit. ▲ [m] deed Fué recordado por sus nobles hechos. He was remembered for his noble deeds. ▲ fact El periódico publica los hechos más importantes. The newspaper publishes the most important facts. ° de hecho in fact, as a matter of fact De hecho quedó convencido. As a matter of fact he was convinced.

hechura workmanship, making No me gusta la hechura de ese traje. I don't like the workmanship of that suit. ▲ style.

hectárea hectare (10,000 sq. meters).

hediondo foul, stinking.

hedor [m] stench, stink.

helado (see helar) frozen El estanque amaneció completamente helado. The pond was completely frozen in the morning. ▲ shocked La noticia me dejó helado. The news shocked me. ▲ [m] ice cream Me gusta el helado de chocolate. I like chocolate ice cream.

helar [rad-ch I] to freeze.

helécho fern.

hélice [f] (screw) propeller (of ship).

hembra female No es macho, es hembra. It's not a male, it's a female.

hemisferio hemisphere.

heredad [f] (inherited) country estate or farm Mi padre me dejó una heredad. My father left me some property.

heredar to inherit A la muerte de sus padres heredó una gran fortuna. He inherited a large fortune when his parents died.

heredero, heredera heir.

hereditario hereditary.

hereje [m, f] heretic.

herejía heresy.

herencia inheritance.

herida wound La herida se curó. The wound healed.

herido wounded man El herido se curó en tres días. The wounded man recovered in three days.

herir [rad-ch II] to wound, hurt Fué herido en la guerra. He was wounded in the war.

hermana sister. ▲ nun, sister Una hermana de la caridad le cuidaba. A Sister of Charity took care of him.

hermano brother.

hermoso beautiful, handsome Es una mujer muy hermosa. She's a very beautiful woman.

hermosura beauty, handsomeness.

héroe [m] hero.

heroico heroic.

heroína heroine.

heroísmo heroism.

herrador [m] horseshoer.

herradura horseshoe Le pusieron la herradura al caballo. They shod the horse.

herramienta tool; set of tools.

herrar [rad-ch I] to shoe (horses); to brand (cattle).

herrería iron works, blacksmith's shop.

herrero blacksmith.

herrumbre [f] rust.

hervir [rad-ch III] to boil El agua empezó a hervir. The water began to boil.

híbrido [adj; n] hybrid.

hidalga noble(woman); lady.

hidalgo noble(man); gentleman.

hidrógeno hydrogen.

hiel [f] gall ; bitterness, malice.

hielo ice Haga el favor de darme hielo para el agua. Please give me some ice for the water.

hiena hyena.

hierba grass. ° mala hierba weed La dehesa está llena de mala hierba. The pasture is full of weeds. ▲ bad influence Ese niño es mala hierba. That boy is a bad influence.

hierro iron Toda el armazón era de hierro. The whole framework was made of iron. ° machacar en hierro frío to work in vain, be useless Tratar de corregir a ese niño es machacar en hierro frío. Trying to correct that boy is useless.

hígado liver.

higiene [f] hygiene.

higo fig.

hija daughter.

hijo son.

hila row, line.

hilar to spin (wool, silk, etc). hilera row, line.

hilo thread Cuidado no se rompa el hilo. Be careful that the thread doesn't break. — Me hace falta hilo para coser este botón. I need thread to sew on this button. ▲ linen Me regaló media docena de pañuelos de hilo. He gave me a half dozen linen handkerchiefs.

hilvanar to baste (in sewing).

himno hymn.

hincar to drive Hincaron en el suelo estacas para asegurar la tienda. They drove stakes into the ground to make the tent secure. ▲ to sink El perro me hincó los dientes en el brazo. The dog sank his teeth into my arm. ° hincarse de rodillas to kneel down Lo primero que hizo fué hincarse de rodillas. The first thing he did was to kneel down.

hincha [f] fan Es una hincha del equipo argentino. He's a fan of the Argentine team. (When referring to a sport as a whole, the word used in aficionado).

hinchar to swell Se le hinchó la pierna. His leg swelled up.

hinchazón [m] swelling (lump).

hipocresía hypocrisy.

hipócrita hypocritical. ▲ [n] hypocrite.

hipoteca mortgage.

hipótesis [f] hypothesis.

hispanoamericano [adj; n] Spanish-American.

histérico hysterical.

historia history, story Conocía a fonda la historia de América. He knew the history of America thoroughly. ▲ tale No me vengas con historias. Don't tome to me with tales.

historiador [m] historian.

histórico historic(al) Visitamos los lugares históricos del país. We visited the historic sites of the country.

historieta short story; the comics [Sp].

hocico muzzle, snout, nose El gato metió el hocico en el puchero. The cat put its nose in the pot. ° estar de hocicos con to be on the outs with Estaba de hocicos con su novia. He was on the outs with his sweetheart.

hogar [m] fireplace ¿Tiene Ud. un hogar en su casa? Do you have a fireplace in your home? ▲ home Abandonó el hogar cuando era muy joven. He left home when he was very young.

hogaza (large) loaf of bread.

hoguera bonfire Encendieron una hoguera. They lit a bonfire.

hoja leaf El suelo estaba cubierto de hojas. The ground was covered with leaves. ▲ blade La hoja estaba muy afilada. The blade was very sharp. ▲ page ¿En qué hoja está Ud.? What page are you on? ▲ record ¿Presentó Ud. su hoja de servicios? Did you show your record of service? ° hoja de lata tin plate. ° poner le a uno como hoja de perejil to give one a tongue lashing Le puso como hoja de perejil. He gave him a tongue lashing. ° tener hoja to be counterfeit (have more than legal proportion of tin) Esta plata tiene hoja. That coin is counterfeit. || Doblemos la hoja. Let's change the subject.

hojear to thumb through, glance (or skim) through (a book, etc).

¡hola! Hello! (informal) ¡Hola! ¿Cómo estás? Hello, how are you?

holgazán lazy.

hombre [m] man Vino a buscarle un hombre. A man came to see him. ° ¡hombre! man! man alive! ¡Hombre, no digas eso! Man, don't say that! ° hombre de Estado statesman.

hombría manliness, courage En la lucha demostró su hombría. He showed his courage in the fight. ° hombría (de bien) honesty Todos lo estimaban por su hombría. They all esteemed him for his honesty.

hombro shoulder Cargó el equipaje al hombro. He loaded the baggage on his shoulder. ° encogerse de hombros to shrug the shoulders Por toda contestación se encogió de hombros. The only answer he gave was a shrug of his shoulders.

homenaje [m] homage Han venido a rendirle homenaje al autor. They have come to pay homage to the author.

homicida [m, f] killer, slayer El homicida se refugió en la montaña. The slayer hid in the mountains. ▲ [adj] homicidal El arma homicida no fué hallada. The homicidal weapon wasn't found.

homogéneo homogeneous.

honda sling (for hurling stones).

hondo deep Este pozo es muy hondo. This well is very deep.

honestidad [f] modesty, decorum Se enamoró de ella por su honestidad. He fell in love with her for her modesty.

honesto decent, honest El cajero era un hombre muy honesto. The cashier was a very honest man.

honor [m] honor Era un hombre de honor. He was a man of honor. ° honores honors Al morir le hicieron honores militares. When he died he was given military honors.

honradez [f] honesty, integrity. honrado (see honrar) honest Es un hombre honrado. He's an honest man.

honrar to honor Nos honra mucho su presencia. We're very much honored by your presence.

hora hour Empezó la fiesta a la hora en punto. The party began exactly on the hour. ♦ time ¿Qué hora es? What time is it? ° a primeras horas de la mañana in the early morning. ° a última hora at the last moment A última hora todo se solucionó. Everything was solved at the last moment. ° a últimas horas de la tarde in the late afternoon.

horca gallows.

horizontal horizontal.

horizonte [m] horizon.

hormiga ant.

horno oven.

horrible horrid, horrible Hizo una escena horrible. She made a horrible scene.

horror [m] horror Tiene horror a la guerra. He has a horror of war.

horroroso horrible, frightful Fué una escena horrorosa. It was a horrible scene.

hortalizas [f pl] vegetables.

hospital [m] hospital.

hospitalidad [f] hospitality.

hostilidad [f] hostility.

hotel [m] hotel.

hoy today Hoy empezamos a trabajar. We're starting to work today. ° hoy por hoy for the time being, under present circumstances Hoy por hoy no pienso regresar a mi país. Under present circumstances I don't intend to return to my country. ° por hoy for the present Por hoy lo dejaremos pasar. We'll let it go for the present.

hoyo hole, depression; ditch.

hoyuelo dimple.

hoz [f] sickle.

hueco [adj] hollow, empty El tronco del árbol estaba hueco. The tree trunk was hollow. ♦ [m] hole Cuidado, hay un hueco en el piso. Be careful, there's a hole in the floor.

huelga strike (of workers).

huella track Siguieron las huellas del otro automóvil. They followed the tracks of the other car. ♦ trace, sign En la América del Sur hay muchas huellas de la cultura india. In South America there are many traces of Indian culture. ♦ footprint, fingerprint Aquí están sus huellas. Here are his footprints. ° huella dactilar fingerprint Se detuvo el asesino por sus huellas dactilares. The assassin was arrested through his fingerprints.

huérfano, huérfana orphan.

huerta large vegetable garden.

huerto orchard.

hueso bone. ° estar en los huesos to be nothing but skin and bones. || ¡A otro perro con ese hueso! Tell it to the Marines!

huésped [m] guest.

huevo egg ¿Cómo quiere Ud. los huevos, fritos o revueltos? How do you like your eggs, fried or scrambled?

huida flight, escape.

huir to flee Los prisioneros huyeron del campo de concentración. The prisoners fled from the concentration camp.

humanidad [f] humanity. ♦ humaneness La humanidad de sus sentimientos era bien conocida. The humaneness of his sentiments was well known.

humano [adj] human. ♦ humane Era una persona muy humana. He was a very humane person.

humear to smoke, give off smoke Las cenizas todavía humeaban. The cinders were still smoking.

humedad [f] dampness, humidity, moisture La humedad del tiempo me hace daño a la salud. The dampness of the weather is bad for my health.

humedecer [-zc-] to moisten.

húmedo damp, humid.

humilde poor; humble, unaffected.

humillar to humiliate.

humo smoke Por la ventana se veía salir el humo. Smoke could be seen pouring out of the window. ° darse humos de grandeza to put on airs of grandeur. ° humos airs, affected manner Lo dijo con muchos humos. He said it in an affected manner.

humor [m] humor, mood Está siempre de buen humor. He's always in good humor. ♦ humor, wit.

hundirse to sink Se hundió en el barro hasta las rodillas. He sank in mud up to his knees. ♦ to cave in La casa se hundió. The house caved in. ♦ to fall off, diminish Empezó a hundirse su negocio por no atenderlo. His business began to fall off because he didn't take care of it.

huracán [m] hurricane.

hurtar to steal, pilfer. ° hurtar el cuerpo to shy away, dodge Hurtó el cuerpo al toro. He dodged the bull.

huye See huir.

I

iberoamericano [adj; n] Latin American.

ida leaving, going, trip out A la ida, el viaje fué mas agradable que a la vuelta. The trip out was more pleasant than the return. ° billete de ida y vuelta round-trip ticket.

idea idea.

ideal [adj] ideal, perfect. ▲ [m] ideal, principie.

idear to plan, invent Ideó un mecanismo para pelar fruta. He invented an instrument for peeling fruit.

idéntico identical.

identidad [f] identity. ▲ identification ¿Tiene Ud. documentos de identidad? Have you any identification?

identificar to identify. ° identificarse con to identify oneself with.

idioma [m] language, tongue El Consul habla muchos idiomas. The Consul speaks many languages.

idolatrar to worship, idolize, adore Te idolatro. I adore you.

ídolo idol.

iglesia church; clergy.

ignorancia ignorance.

ignorante ignorant.

ignorar not to know, lack knowledge Ignora las cosas más elementales. He doesn't know the most elementary things.

igual same, similar La madre y la hija tienen los ojos iguales. Mother and daughter have the same eyes. ▲ even Tiene un carácter muy igual. He has a very even disposition. ▲ [m] equal, peer Era un hombre sin igual. He was a man without (an) equal. — Solo se trata con sus iguales. He only deals with his equals. ° de igual a igual as one equal to another, man to man Le habló de igual a igual. He spoke to him man to man. ° igual a equal to, the same as Esta mesa es igual a aquélla. This table's the same as that one. ° igual que Pienso igual que Ud. I think the same as you. ° por igual evenly Extienda Ud. la arena por igual. Spread the sand evenly. ° serle a uno igual to be all the same to one Que venga o no venga me es igual. Whether he comes or not it's all the same to me.

igualar to equal No iguala a su hermano. He doesn't equal his brother. ▲ to level No han igualado la carretera. The road hasn't been leveled. ° igualar con or a to put oneself on the same plane as, compare oneself with No te iguales a tu hermano porque vale más que tú. Don't compare yourself with your brother because he's a better man than you. ° igualarse to be equal, to be tied (score) Los dos equipos se igualaron al final. The two teams were tied at the finish.

igualdad [f] equality Libertad, igualdad y fraternidad. Liberty, equality, and fraternity. ▲ evenness, smoothness.

ilegal illegal, unlawful.

ilícito illicit, immoral.

ilimitado boundless, unlimited Su audacia es ilimitada. His audacity is boundless.

iluminar to light, illumine Iluminaron el salón con todas las luces. They turned on all the lights in the salon. — Han iluminado muy bien el estadio. They've lighted the stadium very well.

ilusión [f] illusion, delusion. ° hacerse ilusiones to kid oneself. ▲ to bank on No se haga Ud. ilusiones sobre ese negocio. Don't bank too much on that business. ° tener ilusiones (de) to have hopes or illusions Tiene ilusiones de casarse algún día. She has hopes of getting married some day.

ilusionar to thrill La idea de ver a mi madre me ilusiona mucho. The idea of seeing my mother thrills me veiw much. ° ilusionarse (con) to get excited, thrilled Se ilusiona con cualquier cosa. She gets excited over anything.

ilustración [f] learning Es un hombre de mucha ilustración. He's a very learned man. ▲ illustration, picture Las ilustraciones del libro son muy buenas. The illustrations of the book are very good.

ilustrado learned Era un hombre muy ilustrado. He was a very learned man. ▲ illustrated, with pictures Pidió una revista ilustrada para distraerse. He asked for a picture magazine to amuse himself.

ilustrar to illustrate Es un buen artista el que ha ilustrado este libro. The artist who illustrated this book is very good. ° ilustrarse to educate oneself Le gustaba ilustrarse viajando. He liked to educate himself by traveling.

ilustre illustrious, distinguished.

imagen [f] image, representation; image, reflection.

imaginar to think of, figure out Imagine Ud. algo para resolver nuestro problema. Figure out something to solve our problem. ° imaginarse to imagine, suspect No puedo imaginarme lo que pretende. I can't imagine what he's driving at. — ¡Imagine(se) Ud. que sorpresa tuvimos! Just imagine what a surprise we had!

imán [m] magnet.

imbécil [m] imbecile, fool. ▲ [adj] stupid.

imborrable indelible, unforgettable Es una impresión imborrable. It's an unforgettable impression.

imitar to imitate, impersonate Imita muy bien a esa actriz. She imitates that actress very well.

impaciencia impatience.

impaciente impatient; anxious, eager.

imparcial impartial.

impasible impassive, unmoved, indifferent Tiene una cara impasible. He has an impassive face.

impedimento hindrance, impediment.

impedir [rad-ch III] to prevent ¿Quién lo puede impedir? Who can prevent it? ° impedir el paso to block the way Retírese de ahí, está Ud. impidiendo el paso. Step aside; you're blocking the way.

imperar to prevail, reign En la calle impera el desorden. Disorder prevails in the street.

imperativo imperative Es imperativo salir. It's imperative to go out. ▲ bossy Es un hombre muy imperativo. He's a very bossy man.

imperdible [m] safety pin [Sp].

imperio empire; command. ▲ spell Ese hombre está bajo el imperio de ese mujer. That man is under that woman's influence.

imperioso imperative; arrogant, haughty.

impermeable [adj] waterproof. ▲ [m] raincoat.

impertenencia impertinence Su impertinencia me molesta. His impertinence annoys me.

impertinente impertinent. ° impertinentes [m pl] lorgnettes.

ímpetu [m] impetus, impulse.

impío impious, irreligious.

implacable implacable, relentless.

implicar to involve, implicate No me implique Ud. en ese asunto. Don't involve me in that matter.

implorar to beg, implore.

imponente imposing La ceremonia fué imponente. The ceremony was imposing.

imponer [irr] to impose, levy Le impusieron una multa. They imposed a fine on him. ° imponerse to assert oneself, command respect Supo imponerse por su talento. He was able to command respect because of his ability. ▲ to dominate, get one's way Es un hombre que siempre se impone a todo el mundo. He's a man who always gets his way.

importación [f] import(s), importation.

importante important.

importar to import Importó cien mil toneladas de trigo. He imported one hundred thousand tons of wheat. ° importarle a uno to matter (to), concern Eso no me importa. That doesn't matter to me. || importa no. No matter. or Never mind.

importe [m] cost.

importuno annoying (of a person) Me molesta la gente importuna. Annoying people irritate me.

imposible impossible.

imposición [f] deposit (of money in a bank); imposition (of will on another); tax.

impotencia impotence, weakness.

imprenta printing shop; press; print. ° error de imprenta printer's error. ° libertad de imprenta freedom of the press.

imprescindible essential, indispensable, imperative.

impresión [f] impression Me causó muy buena impresión lo que me dijo. What he said made a good impression on me. ▲ imprint. ▲ printing La impresión del libro era perfecta. The printing of the book was perfect.

impresionar to impress Le impresionó mucho esa novela. She was very much impressed by the novel. ▲ to make or cut (a record) Fué contratado para impresionar discos. He was under contract to make records. ° impresionarse to be moved Se impresionaron cuando le vieron. They were moved when they saw him. — Se impresionaron con la noticia. They were moved by the news.

impreso (see imprimir) printed matter, pamphlet; blank (paper to be filled).

imprevisión [f] lack of foresight, thoughtlessness Dejar a los niños solos fué una gran imprevisión. Leaving the children alone was sheer thoughtlessness.

imprevisto unforeseen, unexpected.

imprimir to print. improbable improbable.

impropio inappropriate, unfitting.

improvisado makeshift Un pupitre improvisado. ▲ makeshift desk.

improvisar to improvise.

imprudente imprudent, unwise.

impuesto (see imponer) [m] tax.

impulsar to urge; to encourage; to push.

inaccesible inaccessible.

inactivo inactive.

inadvertencia oversight No lo incluyeron en la lista por inadvertencia. He was left off the list through an oversight.

inagotable inexhaustible.

inaguantable unbearable El dolor era inaguantable. The pain was unbearable.

inaudito unheard of, strange, unexpected Obró de una manera inaudita. He behaved in a strange manner.

inauguración [f] unveiling, dedication, (ceremony of) opening (a building) Ayer fué la inauguración de la estatua del fundador y del edificio de la escuela. Yesterday the unveiling of the founder's statue and the opening of the school building took place.

inaugurar to unveil, dedicate, open (exhibition, courses, etc).

incansable untiring.

incapacidad [f] incapacity; incompetence.

incapaz incompetent; incapable.

incauto [adj] unwary, gullible. ▲ [m] easy mark Por ser incauto le robaron el dinero. Since he was an easy mark they stole his money.

incendiar to set on fire.

incendio fire (conflagration) El incendio destruyó tres casas. The fire destroyed three houses.

incertidumbre [f] uncertainty.

incesante continual, ceaseless El ruido era incesante. The noise was ceaseless.

incidente [m] incident, disturbance.

incierto uncertain, doubtful El resultado del partido es incierto. The result of the game is doubtful.

inclemencia severity, inclemency.

inclinación [f] slant, slope La inclinación del terreno hacia difícil la construcción de la carretera. The slope of the ground made it difficult to construct the road. ▲ bent, inclination Desde niño tuvo inclinación por el arte. He had a bent for art from childhood.

inclinar to bend, bow Inclinó la cabeza. He bowed his head. ° inclinarse to bow. ▲ to yield, give in Hubo que inclinarse ante aquella verdad. He had to yield in the face of that truth. ° inclinarse a to be inclined to Me parece que se inclina a hacerlo. I think he's inclined to do it.

Incluir to include Incluya Ud. su nombre en la lista. Include his name in the list. ▲ to enclose Incluí el recibo en la carta. I enclosed the receipt in the letter.

incomodar to disturb, inconvenience, bother ¿Le incomoda a Ud. esta maleta? Does this suitcase bother you? ° incomodarse to become angry, to be upset Se incomoda por cualquier cosa. He gets angry at the slightest thing.

incomodidad [f] inconvenience.

incómodo uncomfortable (of position) Esta silla es incómoda. This chair is uncomfortable. — En esta postura estoy incómodo. In this position I'm uncomfortable.

incomparable incomparable.

incompatible incompatible.

incomprensible incomprehensible.

inconsciente unconscious El golpe lo dejó inconsciente. The blow left him unconscious. ▲ irresponsible Es un hombre muy inconsciente. He's a very irresponsible person.

inconveniente [m] disadvantage Ese plan tiene algunos inconvenientes. That plan has certain disadvantages. ▲ objection No tiene inconveniente en que salgamos. He has no objection to our leaving.

incorporar to incorporate, unite. ▲ to add Incorporó su dinero al fondo común. He added his money to the common fund. ° incorporarse to sit up (in bed). ▲ to join (a military unit) Recibió orden de incorporarse en su batallón. He got orders to join his battalion.

incorrecto incorrect; ill-mannered.

increíble incredible, unbelievable.

inculto uncultivated.

incumplido unfulfilled Sus promesas quedaron incumplidas. His promises were unfulfilled.

incurable incurable.

indagar to investigate.

indecente indecent, obscene.

indeciso vacillating, hesitant Es un hombre muy indeciso. He's a very hesitant man. ▲ indefinite, not clear Su oferta es indecisa. His offer is indefinite.

indefinido indefinite.

indemnización [f] indemnity, compensation.

indescriptible indescribable.

indiano, indiana Spaniard who returns to birthplace after long residence on the American continent.

indicación [f] suggestion Siguió las indicacioyies del médico. He followed the doctor's suggestions. ▲ hint Una indicación de Ud. es bastante. ▲ hint from you is enough. ° indicaciones directions Para usarlo siga Ud. las indicaciones siguientes. To use this, follow these instructions.

indicado (see indicar) indicated. ▲ logical, appropriate Su madre es la persona más indicada para decírselo. Her mother is the most logical person to tell it to her. ° lo indicado that which is stated, directed, or requested Haga Ud. lo indicado en el prospecto. Do what's directed in the prospectus.

indicar to indicate, to hint, to show.

índice [m] index; forefinger, index finger.

indicio indication, evidence, clue No se encontraron indicios del asesino. They found no clues of the murderer.

indiferente indifferent Se mostró indiferente a cualquier sugerencia. He was indifferent to any suggestion. ° serle a uno indiferente to make no difference to one Eso me es indiferente. That makes no difference to me.

indígena [adj] native, aboriginal ▲ [n] native, aborigine.

indigestión [f] indigestion.

indignación [f] indignation.

indignar to make indignant Sus palabras la indignaron. His words made her indignant. ° indignarse to become indignant Ante aquella injusticia se indignó. He became indignant in the face of that injustice.

indigno despicable, unworthy.

indio [adj; n] Indian; Hindu.

indirecta insinuation, hint. ° echar indirectas to make insinuations. || Suprima Ud. esas indirectas. Stop insinuating.

indirecto indirect.

indiscreto indiscreet.

indiscutible unquestionable, indisputable.

indispensable essential, indispensable.

indisponer [irr] to set against (of persons), prejudice Su mala lengua nos indispuso. Her sharp tongue set us against each other. ° indisponerse to fall out (with a person) Se indispuso con sus compañeros. He had a falling out with his friends. ▲ to become ill, sick A consecuencia del viaje se indispuso. As a result of the trip she became sick.

indispuesto (see indisponer) set against; indisposed, ill.

individual [adj] individual, separate.

individuo individual, person, guy ¿Quién es ese individuo? Who is that guy?

indole [f] (inner) nature Es un hombre de mala índole. He's an evil man. ▲ class, kind.

indolencia indolence.

inducir [-zc-] to induce.

indudable indubitable, certain, evident.

indulgente indulgent, lenient.

indulgencia leniency La indulgencia de ese profesor es conocida. The leniency of that teacher is known.

indulto pardon (legal).

industria industry (manufacturing).

industrial [adj] industrial. ▲ [m] manufacturer.

ineficaz inefficient.

inesperado unexpected.

inestimable invaluable.

inevitable unavoidable, inevitable.

inexplicable inexplicable.

infalible infallible.

infame infamous. ▲ [m] scoundrel.

infancia infancy, childhood.

infantería infantry.

infantil infantile, childlike.

infatigable untiring.

infección [f] infection.

infeliz unhappy Su vida fué muy infeliz. His life was very unhappy. ▲ [n] poor devil Ese es un infeliz. He's a poor devil.

inferior lower, inferior En la parte inferior iba el depósito de gasolina. The gasoline tank was underneath. ▲ [n] inferior Trata a sus inferiores con brutalidad. He treats his inferiors brutally.

inferioridad [f] inferiority.

infernal infernal, terrible.

infidelidad [f] infidelity, unfaithfulness.

infiel unfaithful Fué infiel a sus deberes. He didn't fulfill his obligations.

infierno hell.

infinidad [f] endless number, a lot Había una infinidad de personas en el parque. There were a lot of people in the park.

infinito infinite. ▲ [m] infinity.

inflamar to set on fire Una chispa del cigarro inflamó el depósito. ▲ cigarette spark set the warehouse on fire. ° inflamarse to catch fire Tenga Ud. cuidado porque se inflama muy fácilmente. Be careful, it's very inflammable. ▲ to swell Los bordes de la herida se inflamaron. The edges of the wound swelled.

influir (en) to influence, to have influence (on) Influye en los que le rodean. He influences everyone around him.

influyente influential, having pull.

información [f] information Necesito más información sobre este asunto. I need more information on this matter. ° fuente de información source of information, contact Este periódico tiene muy buenas fuentes de información. This newspaper has very good sources of information.

informar to tell, to inform Necesitaba informar a sus lectores de lo sucedido. He had to tell his readers what happened. ° informarse to get information, to inform oneself Pudo informarse leyendo la carta. He could get the information by reading the letter. ° informarse de to find out, get information on ¿Se ha informado Ud. de lo que necesita para entrar en el país? Did you find out what you need to enter the country? — Infórmese Ud. de que clase de persona es. Find out what kind of a person he is. — Por el periódico puede Ud. informarse de la marcha de la guerra. Through the newspaper you can get information on the progress of the war.

informe [m] report Presentó un informe a sus superiores. He presented a report to his superiors. ° informes data, information.

infortunio great misfortune La muerte de su padre fué un infortunio para él. The death of his father was a great misfortune.

ingeniero engineer (holder of a degree in engineering).

ingenio talent Fué un escritor de mucho ingenio. He was a writer of great talent. ▲ wit Esa frase tiene mucho ingenio. That's a very witty phrase. ▲ wits, ingenuity Vivía de su ingenio. He lived by his wits. ° ingenio de azúcar sugar plantation; sugar mill.

ingenuo ingenuous, candid, innocent.

ingrato ungrateful, thankless Es un trabajo muy ingrato. It's a thankless job. ▲ [n] ingrate.

ingresar (en) to enter, to join Cuando ingresó en el Ejército tenía viente años. He was twenty when he joined the Army. ▲ to deposit Ingresaba cada mes su dinero en la Caja de Ahorros. He put his money in a savings bank every month.

ingreso entrance (joining) Su ingreso en el partido fué muy comentado. His joining the party caused a lot of comment. ° ingresos earnings, income Sus ingresos eran escasos. His earnings were small.

ingrimo alone [Am] Se quedó ingrimo. He was left all alone.

inicial [adj; f] initial ¿Cuáles son sus iniciales? What are your initials?

iniciar to initiate, begin; to initiate (in societies or religious orders).

iniciativa initiative.

inhábil incompetent, unskillful, clumsy.

injuria insult.

injusticia injustice.

inmediato adjoining, next.

inmenso immense.

inmigrante [m, f] immigrant.

inmoral immoral.

inmortal [adj] immortal.

inmóvil motionless El miedo lo dejó inmóvil. He was motionless with fright.

inmundo filthy, unclean.

innoble ignoble.

inocente innocent; not guilty; gullible, unsophisticated.

inofensivo inoffensive, harmless.

inolvidable unforgettable.

inoportuno inopportune, inconvenient Era un momento muy inoportuno para tratar el asunto. That was a very inconvenient time to bring up the subject.

inquietar to worry, to trouble La falta de noticias le inquietaba. The lack of news worried him. ° inquietarse to become restless, to become worried Empezó a inquietarse con aquel ruido. He began to get restless because of that noise.

inquilino, inquilina tenant.

inquieto restless Es un niño muy inquieto. He's a very restless child. ▲ worried Estoy inquieto por su ausencia. I'm worried over his absence.

insaciable greedy, insatiable.

insano unhealthy, unsanitary; insane Un clima insano. An unhealthy climate.

inscribir to register, enroll Se inscribieron en la lista de votantes. They registered for voting.

inscripción [f] inscription La medalla tenía una inscripción. The medal had an inscription. ▲ registration El plazo de inscripción acaba a las cuatro. Registration is over at four o'clock.

insecto insect.

inseguro insecure, unsafe, unsteady. insensato senseless, stupid, foolish.

insensible heartless, insensitive. ▲ numb Tenía los dedos insensibles. His fingers were numb.

inseparable inseparable.

insigne famous, noted, outstanding (of persons).

insignificancia insignificance; trifle Se preocupa por cualquier insignificancia. He worries over every trifle.

insignificante insignificant.

insinuación [f] insinuation.

insinuar to insinuate, hint.

insistir to insist Insistió pero no consiguió nada. He insisted but he didn't get anything. ° insistir en to insist on Insistió en salir a la calle. He insisted on going out into the street.

insolente insolent.

insoportable unbearable.

inspección [f] inspection, examination Hicieron una inspección en la oficina. They made an inspection in the office. ▲ inspector's office Fui a la Inspección por los documentos. I went to the inspector's office for the documents.

inspeccionar to inspect, to examine.

inspector, inspectora inspector.

instalar to install, set up ¿Quién le ha instalado la radio? Who installed your radio? ° instalarse to establish oneself, to take quarters Apenas llegó a la capital se instaló en un hotel. As soon as he arrived in the capital he got settled at a hotel.

instancia petition, application (written). ° a instancia de at the request of.

instante [m] instant, moment.

instintivo instinctive.

instinto instinct Su instinto le decía que iba a ocurrir algo. His instinct told him that something was going to happen.

institución [f] institution.

instituto institute; school (equivalent to high school plus two years of college).

instrucción [f] education Creo que tiene poca instrucción. I don't think he has much education. ° instrucciones instructions, directions Todavía no ha recibido instrucciones. He hasn't yet received instructions.

instruir to teach, instruct.

instrumento instrument.

insuficiente insufficient.

insufrible unbearable, intolerable.

insultar to insult.

insurrección [f] insurrection, rebellion.

insurrecto [adj; n] insurgent.

intacto intact, untouched.

integridad [f] integrity; entirety.

íntegro complete, whole Estaba íntegro el dinero, nadie lo tocó. The money was all there; nobody touched it. ▲ upright Es un hombre serio y muy íntegro. He's a serious and upright man.

intelectual [adj; n] intellectual.

inteligencia intelligence.

inteligente intelligent.

intención [f] intention, purpose No sé con que intención me lo dijo. I don't know what his purpose was in telling me that. ° tener buenas intenciones to be well meaning. ° tener la intención de to intend to, mean to Tenía la intención de decírselo pero se me olvidó. I meant to tell him that, but I forgot. ° tener malas intenciones to be malicious.

intensidad [f] intensity.

intenso intense.

intentar to attempt, try.

interés [m] interest Pone mucho interés en todo lo que hace. He takes a lot of interest in everything he does. ▲ rate of interest Tenía que pagar mucho interés. I had to pay a high interest. ° intereses affairs Administraba los intereses de su amigo. He administered his friend's affairs. ° por (el) interés for money Se casó por (el) interés. He married for money.

interesado (see interesar) interested; mercenary.

interesar to interest Su conversación me interesaba. His conversation interested me. ° interesarse to be interested Llegó a interesarse en las matemáticas. He became interested in mathematics.

interior [adj] interior, inside Esas habitaciones son interiores. Those are inside rooms. ▲ domestic El correo interior se distribuía cuatro veces por día. Domestic mail was delivered four times a day. ▲ [m] inside El interior de la casa es muy fresco. The inside of the house's very cool. ° para el interior de uno to oneself Lo dijo para su interior. He said it to himself.

interjección [f] interjection.

intermedio intermediate, medium Quisier una talla intermedia. I'd like an intermediate size. ▲ [m] intermission Le veré en el intermedio. I'll see him during the intermission. ° por intermedio de through (the intervention of) Lo consiguió por intermedio de su tío. He got it through his uncle.

interminable endless.

internacional [adj] international.

interno internal Esto es para tiso interno. This is for internal use. ▲ boarding Es un alumno interno. He's a boarding pupil.

interponer [irr] to interpose, place (between) Interpusieron un tabique entre las dos partes de la habitación. They placed a partition between the two parts of the room. ° interponerse to block Esa mujer se interpuso en mi camino. That woman blocked my way.

interpretar to interpret Procure Ud. interpretar bien mis palabras. Try to interpret my words properly.

intérprete [m, f] interpreter.

interrogación [f] interrogation; question mark.

interrogar to question, interrogate.

interrogatorio interrogation, questioning.

interrumpir to interrupt Por favor, no me interrumpa. Please don't interrupt me. ° interrumpirse to be interrupted, to be blocked El tráfico se interrumpió por la aglomeración de automóviles. The traffic was blocked by the jam of automobiles.

intervalo interval.

intervención [f] intervention Su intervención fué muy oportuna. He intervened at a very opportune moment. ▲ mediation El sindicato ha pedido la intervención del Estado en la cuestión. The union has asked for the mediation of the government in the dispute. ▲ (surgical) operation Después de la caída hubo que hacerle una rápida intervención. He had to undergo an operation immediately after his fall.

intervenir [irr] to intervene Para evitar el conflicto tuvo que intervenir. He had to intervene to prevent the conflict. ▲ to audit, check Se le intervino la cuenta en el Banco. His bank account was audited.

intestino [adj; m] intestine.

intimar to become an intimate friend.

intimidar to frighten, intimidate.

íntimo [adj] intimate. ▲ [n] intimate (friend).

intolerable intolerable.

intoxicar to poison; to drug.

intranquilo restless, worried.

intratable unsociable.

intrépido brave, fearless.

intrigar to scheme ¿Cuándo terminará Ud. de intrigar? When will you stop scheming? ▲ to intrigue, interest Aquello intrigó a todos. That intrigued everybody. ° intrigarse to be intrigued Me intriga lo que Ud. dice. I'm intrigued by what you say.

introducir [-zc-] to put (in), insert Introdujo la llave en la cerradura. He put the key in the keyhole. ▲ to present (a person) Era el encargado de introducir los embajadores ante el rey. He was the one in charge of presenting the ambassadors to the king.

intuición [f] intuition.

inundación [f] flood.

inundar to flood El agua inundó la calles. The water flooded the streets. ° inundarse to be flooded Se inundó el piso bajo. The ground floor was flooded.

inútil useless. ▲ [n] useless person.

invadir to invade.

invariable constant, unchanging.

invasión [f] invasion.

invencible invincible, unconquerable.

inventar to invent; to lie, fib.

inventario inventory.

invento invention; lie.

invernal wintry.

inverosímil unlikely, improbable.

invertido See invertir. ▲ [adj; n] homosexual.

invertir [rad-ch II] to invest Invirtió su dinero en una casa. He invested his money in a house. ▲ to reverse, turn upside down No invierta Ud. el orden de esas cantidades. Don't reverse the order of those amounts. ▲ to spend (time) Invirtió dos horas en recorrer veinte millas. He spent two hours traveling twenty miles.

investigación [f] investigation, inquiry; research.

investigar to investigate Investigue Ud. cuál es la causa. Investigate the cause of it. ▲ to do research work Investigaba en un laboratorio. He was doing research work in a laboratory.

invierno winter.

invisible invisible.

invitación [f] invitation.

invitado See invitar. ▲ [n] guest Estaban recibiendo a los invitados. They were receiving their guests.

invitar to invite.

involuntario involuntary.

inyección [f] injection, shot.

inyectado bloodshot Tenía los ojos inyectados. His eyes were bloodshot.

inyectar to inject, give an injection Le inyectó una dosis de morfina. He gave him an injection of morphine.

ir [irr] to go. ▲ to lead ¿A dónde va ese camino? Where does that road lead? ° ir a caballo to ride on horseback Fuimos a caballo a la hacienda. We rode to the ranch on horseback. ° ir a pie to walk, go on foot Si vamos a pie tardaremos mucho. If we walk we'll be very late. ° ir del brazo to walk arm in arm Iban del brazo. They were walking arm in arm. ° ir de paseo to go for a walk ¿Ya Ud. de paseo? Are you going for a walk? ° ir en auto to drive Yendo en auto llegaremos en tres horas. We'll arrive in three hours if we drive. ° irle a uno (bien) to be becoming Ese color le va muy bien. That color is very becoming to you. ° ir para (or con) to be meant for (of remarks) Lo que he dicho no va con Ud. What I've said isn't meant for you. ° irse to leave, to go away Ya se fueron. They've already left. || Ahora va de veras. Now it's the real thing. || ¿Cómo le va? How are you?

ira anger.

ironía irony, sarcasm.

irónico ironical, sarcastic.

irregular irregular, improper Su conducta es bastante irregular. His conduct is quite irregular. ▲ irregular, uneven Tiene unas facciones muy irregulares. He has very irregular features.

irremediable irreparable, hopeless.

irresoluto irresolute, wavering, hesitant.

irritable irritable.

irritación [f] irritation Tiene irritación en la garganta. He has an irritation in his throat. ▲ irritation, peevishness Su irritación molestó a todos. His peevishness annoyed everyone.

irritar to irritate; to peeve.

isla island, isle.

isleño, isleña islander.

itinerario itinerary.

izquierda left hand Escribía con la izquierda. He wrote with his left hand. ▲ left En política, militaba en la izquierda. In politics, he belonged to the left. ° a la izquierda on the left, to the left Estaba sentado a mi izquierda. He was sitting on my left.

izquierdo [adj] left Recibió un balazo en el pie izquierdo. He got a bullet wound in his left foot.

J

jaba crate [Am].

jabón [m] soap ¿Puede darme un jabón y una toalla? Can you give me a piece of soap and a towel?

jalar (see halar) to pull, haul [Am].

jalea jelly Deseo café, tostadas y jalea. I want coffee, toast, and jelly.

jamás never, not ever.

jamón [m] ham (cured pork).

jamona buxom woman (middle-aged) [Sp] ; old maid [Antilles].

jaqueca headache, megrim Estoy con jaqueca desde ayer. I've had a headache since yesterday.

jarabe [m] syrup; jarabe (a Mexican dance) .

jardín [m] garden (of flowers).

jaripeo bronco-busting, rodeo [Mex].

jarra pitcher Hágame el favor de poner una jarra con agua en mi cuarto. Please put a pitcher of water in my room.

jaula cage.

jefatura headquarters, chief's office Los llevaron a la jefatura de Policía. They took them to Police Headquarters.

jefe [m] chief, leader, head Lograron capturar al jefe. They managed to capture the leader. ▲ boss Tendré que avisar a mi jefe que no vendré mañana. I'll have to tell my boss that I won't be in tomorrow.

jerga slang.

jicara small cup.

jinete [m] horseman.

jitomate [m] tomato [Mex].

jornada journey; day's work; day's walk.

jornalero day laborer, casual worker.

jota letter "j"; Aragonese folk dance.

joven [adj] young. ▲ [m] young person.

joya gem; piece of jewelry.

judía bean [Sp]. ° judías verdes string beans.

judío Jewish. ▲ [m] Jew.

judía bean [Sp]. ° judías verdes string

juego game El ajedrez es un juego muy difícil. Chess is a very difficult game. ▲ set Compré un juego de manteles. I bought a set of table linen. ▲ play, playing La hora de juego en isa escuela es de la una a las dos. The hour for play in that school is from one to two. ▲ gambling Es un hombre aficionado al juego. He's a man fond of gambling. ° hacer juego to match Ese sombrero hace juego con el traje. That hat matches the suit. ° juego de palabras pun, play on words. ° no ser cosa de juego not to be a laughing matter.

jueves [m] Thursday.

juez [m] judge.

jugador [m] gambler; player, contestant.

jugar [rad-ch I] to play ¿Sabe Ud. jugar tenis? Do you play tennis? ▲ to play, gamble Jugó y perdió. He played and lost.

jugo juice. ° sacar jugo de to get a lot out of Saca jugo de todo lo que hace. He gets a lot out of everything he does.

juguete [m] toy.

juicio judgment Esta chica tiene muy buen juicio. This girl has very good judgment. ▲ trial (law).

julepe [m] card game; [Am] dread, fear. ° tener julepe to be scared stiff [Am].

julio July.

juma drinking spree.

junio June.

junta meeting; board La Junta de Reclutamiento. Draft Board. ▲ joint, joining (carpentry).

juntar to join, connect Juntaron los dos cordones eléctricos. They connected the two electric wires. ▲ to pool Juntamos todo el dinero. Let's pool all our money. ° juntarse to meet, gather Nos juntamos a la puerta de casa. We met at the door of my house. ° juntarse con to associate with.

junto together ¿Quiere Ud. que vayamos juntos al teatro? Let's go to the theater together. ° junto a next to, beside Se sentó junto a ella. He sat down next to her. ° junto con with Llegó junto conmigo. He arrived with me.

jurado jury.

juramento oath (law); oath, swearing.

jurar to swear (oath); to swear, curse.

justicia justice (fairness); administration of justice; the law.

justo [adj] right, just Creo que la decision es justa. I believe that the decision is just. ▲ exact, on the dot La corrida empezó a la hora justa. The bullfight began on the dot. ▲ [n] good person Siempre pagan justos por pecadores. The good always pay for the wicked. ° estar justo to fit tightly Este anillo me está muy justo. This ring is too tight for me. ▲ to be correct Esta cuenta está justa. This account is correct.

juvenil juvenile.

juventud [f] youth, youthfulness.

juzgar to judge No me gusta juzgar los actos ajenos. I don't like to judge the acts of others. ▲ to try Juzgarán a los reos inmediatamente. They'll try the criminals immediately.

K

kilo kilogram.

kilogramo kilogram.

kilométrico mileage ticket, book (railroad mileage purchased in quantity at cut rate) [Sp].

kilómetro kilometer.

kiosco pavilion; newsstand; bandstand.

L

la; pl las the. ▲ her, it; [pl] them ¿Dónde la encontró Ud.? Where did you meet her?

labio lip.

labor [f] work, task.

labrador [m] farmer.

labrar to plow, farm.

lado side Se sentó a mi lado. He sat by my side. ▲ edge, margin Escribió una nota en el lado de la página. He made a note in the margin. ° al lado (de) near(by), next door to El restaurante está al lado del teatro. The restaurant is next door to the theater. ° al lado derecho, al lado izquierdo on (or to) the right side, on (or to) the left side La casa estaba al lado derecho del camino. The house was on the right side of the road. ° a un lado aside ¿Quiere hacerse a un lado? Would you step aside? ° de lado sideways, on its side Hay que poner el piano de lado para que entre. We have to put the piano on its side in order to get it in. ° lado a lado side by side Trabajaron lado a lado. They worked side by side. ° lado flaco weak side, weak spot Conozco muy bien su lado flaco. I know his weakness very well. ° mirar de lado to look out of the corner of the eye, look askance Aquella mujer me miró de lado. That woman looked askance at me. ° por el lado around, in the general direction of Están por el lado del río. They're around the river. ° por todos lados on all sides El edificio tiene salidas por todos lados. The building has exits on all sides. ° por un lado ... por otro on the one side or hand ... on the other; in a way ... in a way Por un lado me gusta, pero por otro no. In a way I like it, in a way I don't.

ladrar to bark.

ladrilío brick.

ladrón, ladrone thief, robber.

lagarto lizard [Sp]; alligator [Am].

lago lake.

lágrima tear No derramó ni una lágrima. He didn't shed a tear.

lamentable lamentable, pitiful, sorry Estaba en un estado lamentable. She was in a pitiful state.

lamentar to be sorry Lamento que Ud. no pueda acompañarnos. I'm sorry you can't join us. ° lamentarse to lament, wail, moan Se lamentaba por la muerte de su perro. She moaned over the death of her dog.

lamento moan.

lamer to lick, lap.

lámina sheet, plate Hoy hay muchos objetos hechos con lámina de metal. Today there are many things made of sheet metal. ▲ plate (illustration) ¿Tiene láminas de colores ese libro? Does that book have colored plates?

lámpara lamp, bulb; radio tube.

lana wool.

lancha (small) boat Alquilemos unalancha de remos. Let's hire a row boat.

lanchen [m] barge.

langosta lobster; locust (insect).

lanzar to throw, hurl, fling Lanzó la pelota. He threw the ball. ° lanzarse (a) to throw oneself, rush to Se lanzó al agua. He threw himself into the water.

lápida memorial tablet, plaque; headstone.

lápiz [m] pencil.

larga ° a la larga in the long run, eventually A la larga se convencerá Ud. Eventually you'll be convinced. ° dar largas to put off. ▲ to give one the run-around Siempre me está dando largas. He's always giving me the run-around.

largar to let loose, loosen [Am] Ya van a largar los caballos. They're going to let the horses loose now. ° largarse to scram, beat it ¡Largúese de aquí! Scram!

largo long Recibí una larga carta de mis padres. I got a long letter from my folks. ▲ [m] length ¿Cuál es el largo de ese trozo de tela? What is the length of this piece of cloth? ° a lo largo at full length Se tumbó a lo largo sobre el sofá. He stretched out full length on the couch. ° a lo largo de along Hay un bosque a lo largo del río. There's a forest along the river. ° de largo long Este terreno tiene doscientos metros de largo. This piece of ground is two hundred meters long. ° largos años many years Vivió en Nueva York largos años. He lived in New York (for) many years. ▲ long life Vivió largos años. He lived to a ripe old age. ° pasar de largo to pass right by Pasó de largo sin mirarme. He passed right by without looking at me. ° traje largo evening dress Las damas estaban de traje largo. The ladies were in evening dress. || ¡Largo de aquí! Get out of here!

las See la.

lástima pity ¡Es lástima que Ud. no haya venido anoche! It's a pity you didn't come last night. — ¡Qué lástima! What a pity! ° dar lástima to inspire pity, be pitiful Su estado daba lástima. His condition was pitiful.

lastimadura sore, superficial wound.

lastimar to hurt Estos zapatos me lastiman. These shoes hurt me. — Me dijo una cosa, que me lastimó. He told me something that hurt me. ▲ to injure, hurt El golpe no le lastimó. The blow didn't hurt him. ° lastimarse to hurt oneself Se lastimó al caer. He hurt himself when he fell. lata tin (plate) Esta caja está hecha de lata. This box is made of tin. ▲ can Quisier dos latas de tórnate. I'd like two cans of tomatoes. ▲ annoyance, nuisance El ruido era una lata. The noise was a nuisance. ° dar la lata to annoy, bother, pester Nos daba la lata con sus qiiejas. He annoyed us with his complaints.

latido beat, beating, throb.

látigo whip, lash.

latin [m] Latin (language).

latino [adj; n] Latin.

latir to beat, throb El corazón le latía rápidamente. His heart was beating rapidly.

latón [m] brass.

laucha mouse [Am].

laurel [m] laurel.

lavabo washstand; washroom.

lavadero washtub.

lavamanos [m sg] washbowl, lavatory [Am].

lavandera laundress.

lavandería laundry [Am].

lavar to wash Tenemos que lavar la ropa. We have to wash the clothes.

lavatorio lavatory, wash basin [Am].

laxante [adj; m] laxative.

lazareto hospital for contagious diseases; quarantine (of ports of entry).

lazo bow, loop ¿Puede Ud. hacer un lazo? Can you tie a bow? ▲ lasso, lariat. ° echar el lazo to lasso.

le [obj pron] him, to him, to her, to you, to it; [pl] them, to them, to you.

leal loyal.

lección [f] lesson.

leche [f] milk.

lechería dairy store (place where only milk is sold).

lecho bed, couch.

lechuga lettuce.

lector [m] reader, one who reads.

lectura reading ¿Qué clase de lectura le gusta a Ud.? What kind of reading do you like?

leer to read ¿Ha leído Ud. el diaro dé esta mañana? Have you read this morning's paper?

legación [f] legation.

legal legal, lawful.

legible legible, readable, legítimo lawful, legitimate.

legua league (measure of length).

legumbre [f] vegetable.

lejano distant, far.

lejos far ¿Es muy lejos de aquí? Is it very far from here? ▲ far away Están muy lejos. They are very far away. ° a lo lejos in the distance A lo lejos vimos unas casas. We saw some houses in the distance. ° desde lejos from a distance Desde lejos le reconocimos. We recognized him from a distance. ° lejos de far from Vive demasiado lejos de la ciudad. He lives too far from the city. — Lejos de enmendarse está cada día peor. Far from getting better he gets worse every day.

lengua tongue Me mordí la lengua. I bit my tongue. ▲ language, tongue En Centro y Sur América se habla la la lengua castellana. Spanish is spoken in Central and South America. ° írsele a uno la lengua to let something out (by talking); to give oneself away Se le va la lengua muy fácilmente. He gives himself away very easily. ° morderse la lengua to hold or control one's tongue. ° no morderse la lengua not to mince words, speak straight from the shoulder.

lenguado sole, flounder.

lenguaje [m] language, speech.

lente [m or f] lens (optical). ° lente (de aumento) magnifying glass Estas letras tan pequeñas se pueden leer solamente con una lente. These small letters can only be read with a magnifying glass. ° lentes [m pl] eyeglasses Deseo comprar míos lentes oscuros. I want to buy some dark glasses.

lentitud [f] slowness.

lento slow.

leña firewood.

león [m] lion.

les See le.

letra letter (of alphabet). ▲ handwriting Mi hermana tiene muy buena letra. My sister has a very good handwriting. ▲ words (of a song) ¿Sabe Ud. la letra de esa canción? Do you know the words of that song? ° cuatro letras a few lines Le he escrito cuatro letras. I wrote him a few lines. ° letra (de cambio) draft ¿Dónde puedo cobrar esta letra (de cambio)? Where can I cash this draft? ° letra (de imprenta) type ¿Qué estilo de letra (de imprenta) es esa? What style of type is that?

letrero sign ¿Qui dice este letrero? What does this sign say?

levantar to raise Si Ud. quiere hablar levante la mano. If you want to speak, raise your hand. — Empezó a levantar la voz. He began to raise his voice. ▲ to lift No puedo levantar esto, pesa demasiado. I can't lift this, it's too heavy. ▲ to pick up Levanta ese papel del suelo. Pick up that paper there on the floor. ▲ to rise up El pueblo se levantó contra, los invasores. The people rose up against the invaders. ▲ to build Están levantando muchas casas nuevas en esa calle. They are building many new houses on that street. ° levantar cabeza to get on one's feet Después de la bancarrota no pudo levantar cabeza. After his bankruptcy, he wasn't able to get back on his feet. ° levantar planos to draw up plans Los ingenieros levantaron un plano para un nuevo muelle. The engineers drew up plans for a new dock. ° levantarse to get up Yo me levanto temprano. I get up early.

ley [f] law.

leyenda legend.

libelo libel.

liberación [f] liberation.

liberal [adj; m] liberal.

liberar to free, liberate.

libertad [f] liberty, freedom Los pueblos luchan por su libertad. Nations are fighting for freedom. ° dejar en libertad to free Dejaron en libertad a los presos. They freed the prisoners.

libertador [m] liberator.

libertar to free, libra pound (weight). ° libra (esterlina) pound (sterling).

libranza ° libranza postal money order [Am].

librar to free, deliver Los actos del gobernador libraron al pueblo de la miseria. The acts of the governor delivered the people from their misery. ° librar (una letra) contra to draw (a draft) on. ° librarse de to get rid of Al fin nos libramos de él. At last we got rid of him. ▲ to avoid, get out of Quiso librarse de pagar los impuestos. He wanted to get out of paying his taxes.

libre free Abrió la jaula para dejar libre al pájaro. He opened the cage to set the bird free. — Esta mercadería está libre de impuestos. This merchandise is tax free. — Es muy libre para hablar. He's very free-spoken. — La entrada m libre. Admission (is) free. ▲ free, unencumbered, disengaged, off ¿Tiene Ud. libre el sábado? Do you have Saturday off? ▲ dissolute, loose Es una mujer (de vida) libre. She's a loose woman.

librería bookshop.

libreta ° libreta de banco bankbook, pass book. ° libreta de direcciones address book Ya he apuntado su dirección en mi libreta. I have already put your address in my book.

libro book. ° libro de apuntes notebook. ° libro de caja cashbook. ° libro de cuentas account book.

licencia license, permit ¿Tiene Ud. licencia para vender licor? Do you have a license to sell liquor? ▲ furlough El cabo está con licencia. The corporal is on furlough. ° licencia absoluta discharge Le dieron licencia absoluta del ejército. He got his discharge from the army.

licenciado See licenciar. ° licenciado del ejército veteran. ° licenciado de presidio discharged convict. ° licenciado en filosofía Master of Arts.

licenciar to discharge (from army or prison). ° licenciarse to get a master's degree.

licor [m] liqueur, cordial.

liga garter Estas ligas son de buen elástico. These garters are made of good elastic.

ligar to tie, bind Le ligaron las manos a la espalda. They tied his hands behind his back. ▲ to join, to connect Ligaron los dos alambres. They connected the two wires. ° ligarse to join, band together Se ligaron contra el peligro común. They joined together against the common danger.

ligero light, thin Quiero un abrigo ligero de primavera. I want a light spring coat. ▲ fast ¡No vaya tan ligero! Don't go so fast ! ▲ light Comeré algo ligero. I'll eat something light. — La comedia que vimos era ynuy ligera. We saw a very light comedy. ▲ unimportant, trifling Su contribución era muy ligera. His contribution was unimportant. ° a la ligera quickly, superficially Lo hice a la ligera. I did it quickly. ° una mujer ligera de cascos featherbrained woman.

lima lime (fruit); file (tool).

limitar to restrict, to limit Quieren limitar el número de boletos. They want to limit the number of tickets. ° limitar con to be bounded by México limita al norte con los Estados Unidos. Mexico is bounded on the north by the United States.

límite [m] limit, boundary.

limón [m] lemon.

limonada lemonade.

limonar [m] lemon grove.

limonero lemon tree.

limosna alms.

limpiabotas [m sg] bootblack.

limpiar to clean ¿Cuánto cuesta limpiar un traje de lana? How much do you charge for cleaning a woolen dress? ▲ to clean out (of money) Lo limpiaron (de dinero). They cleaned him out. ° limpiarse to clean, wash (one's face, hands, etc); to brush (one's teeth) Tengo que limpiarme las manos y los dientes. I have to wash my hands and brush my teeth.

limpieza cleanliness.

limpio clean Estos cristales no están limpios. These windows aren't clean. ▲ clear El cielo está limpio hoy. The sky's clear today. ▲ free Está limpio de culpa. He's free from guilt. ° poner en limpio to make a final copy Ponga Ud. la carta en limpio. Make a final copy of the letter. ° sacar en limpio to make head or tail of, to understand No he podido sacar nada en limpio de ese discurso. I couldn't make head or tail of that speech.

lindo lovely Viven en una linda casa. They live in a lovely house. — ¡Qué lindo! How lovely! ▲ pretty ¡Qué linda mujer! What a pretty woman! ▲ fine Ha hecho un lindo trabajo. He's done a fine job. ° de lo lindo very much Gozamos de lo lindo en la fiesta. We enjoyed the party very much.

línea line Trace Ud. una linea aquí. Draw a line here. ▲ lines, figure La muchacha no quiere perder la línea. The girl doesn't want to lose her figure. ° descendiente en línea directa (or recta) direct descendant, lineal descendant. ° en línea in a row Los árboles estaban en línea. The trees were in a row. ° entre líneas between the lines Sabe leer entre líneas. He knows how to read between the lines. ° línea férrea railway line.

lino linen (material).

linterna lantern; [Sp] flashlight.

lío bundle Llevaba un lío de ropa. He carried a bundle of clothes. ▲ jam, trouble No quiero meterme en un lío. I don't want to get into a jam. ▲ mess ¡Qué lío! What a mess!

liquidación [f] bargain sale, selling out En aquel comercio hay una liquidación. There is a bargain sale at that store.

liquidar to pay, pay up Liquida sus cuentas todos los meses. He pays his bills every month. ▲ to squander Liquidó la fortuna de su padre. He squandered his father's fortune. ▲ to sell out Este almacén está liquidando. This store is selling out.

líquido [adj] exactly, just Me quedan tres pesos líquidos. I have just three dollars left. ▲ [m] liquid Sólo toma líquidos. He can only take liquids. ▲ net (balance) Hecho el inventario, quedó un líquido de trescientos pesos. After inventory, there was a net balance of three hundred pesos.

lirio lily.

liso smooth Quiero un papel liso. I want a smooth piece of paper. ▲ straight Tiene el pelo liso. She has straight hair. ▲ plain Prefiero las telas lisas. I prefer plain materials. ▲ slippery El suelo está muy liso. The floor is very slippery.

lista [f] list ¿Esta su nombre en la lista? Is your name on the list? ▲ stripe Lleva un traje a listas. She is wearing a striped dress. ° lista (de teléfonos) (telephone) directory.

listo ready Todo estaba listo para el viaje. Everything was ready for the trip. ▲ clever Es muy lista. She's very clever.

literal literal.

literatura literature.

litro liter.

liviano light (not heavy) [Am]; free and easy (of women) [Sp].

lívido livid.

llaga open sore.

llama flame; llama.

llamada call ¿Ha habido algunas llamadas pari mi? Have there been any calls for me?

llamar to call Haga Ud. el favor de llamar un taxi. Please call a taxi. ▲ to knock Llame Ud. antes de entrar. Knock before entering. ▲ to ring (a bell) Abra Ud. la puerta están llamando (el timbre). Open the door, they are ringing (the bell). ° llamar a call upon, summon El gobierno le llama a defender la patria. The government calls upon him to defend his country. ° llamar la atención to warn, scold Los niños pisaron el césped y el guarda les llamó la atención. The children trampled on the grass and the guard scolded them. ▲ to call or attract attention Quiso llamar la atención sobre sí mismo todo el tiempo. He always wanted to call attention to himself. ° llamar por teléfono to phone, to telephone La han llamado a Ud. por teléfono varias veces. They've phoned you several times. ° llamarse to be called or named "¿Cómo se llama su amigo?" "Se llama Jorge." "What's your friend's name?" "His name's George." — ¿Cómo se llama esto? What's the name of this?

llanero cowboy, plainsman [Ven, Col].

llano level, even La casa está en la parte más llana del terreno. The house is on the most level part of the ground. ▲ simple, plain Dígalo en lenguaje llano. Say it in plain terms. ▲ frank, unaffected Es un tipo llano y sincero. He is a frank and sincere fellow.

llanta tire Llevamos dos llantas de repuesta. We are taking two spare tires.

llanura plain La ciudad está en una llanura. The city is on a plain.

llave key Olvidé la llave de mi cuarto. I forgot the key to my room. ▲ jet (gas stove) Dejaron abierta la llave del gas. They left the gas jet on. ▲ switch ¿Dónde está la llave de la luz? Where's the light switch? ▲ faucet, tap Cierre Ud. la llave del baño. Turn off the faucet in the bath tub. ° echar (la) llave to lock the door Debemos echar llave al salir. We should lock the door when we leave. ° llave inglesa monkey wrench.

llavero key ring.

llegada arrival.

llegar to arrive Cuándo llegaremos a la Habana? When will we arrive in Havana? ▲ to come Lo haré cuando llegue mi turno. I'll do it when my turn comes. ▲ to reach El traje le llegaba hasta los pies. The dress reached to her feet. ▲ to extend, go as far as Este camino llega hasta Bogotá. This road goes as far as Bogotá. ▲ to amount El gasto llegó a doce pesos. The cost amounted to twelve pesos. ° llegar a to succeed in No llegó a oír lo que decíamos. He didn't succeed in hearing what we were saying. ° llegar a ser to get to be Era muy joven cuando llegó a ser coronel. He was very young when he became a colonel. ° llegar a suceder to come to pass, happen Si eso llega a suceder me alegraré mucho. If that happens I'll be very glad.

llenar to fill (up) Llenó la copa de vino. He filled the glass with wine. ▲ to cover Se llenaron las manos de pintura. They covered their hands with paint. ▲ to satisfy, please fully No me llena ese espectáculo. That show doesn't please me fully. ▲ to fill out Llene Ud. el pliego de solicitud. Fill out the application.

lleno full La piscina está llena de agua limpia. The pool is full of clean water. — Esta noche habrá luna llena. There will be a full moon tonight. ▲ [m] full house En el teatro hubo un lleno. The theater had a full house. ° de lleno fully Su libro trataba el asunto de lleno. His book treated the subject fully. ▲ squarely El golpe le dio de lleno en la cara. The blow hit him squarely in the face. ° lleno de covered with ¡Todo está lleno de polvo! Everything is covered with dust.

lleno de bote en bote full, full to the brim La sala estaba llena de bote en bote. The room was full of people.

llevar to take, carry Llevaron al enfermo al hospital. They took the patient to the hospital. ▲ to have (with or on one), carry ¿Lleva Ud. los boletos? Have you the tickets? ▲ to wear Llevaré un traje blanco. I'll wear a white dress. ▲ to be (for a certain time) Llevo mucho tiempo esperando. I have been waiting for a long time. — Cuánto tiempo lleva Ud. en los Estados Unidos? How long have you been in the United States? ▲ to take, guide, lead Nos llevaron por un lugar peligroso. They took us through a dangerous place. ▲ to charge ¿Cuánto me llevará Ud. por el traje? How much will you charge me for the suit? ▲ to lead ¿A dónde lleva este camino? Where does this road lead? ▲ to conduct Lleva muy bien sus negocios. He conducts his business very well. ° llevar a cabo to carry through, accomplish Llevó a cabo su misión diplomática con éxito. He carried through his diplomatic mission with success. ° llevar la contra to oppose, contradict Le gusta llevar la contra. He likes to contradict. ▲ to antagonize. ° llevar la delantera to be ahead Vos llevan la delantera. They're ahead of us. ° llevar (mala) vida to lead a (bad) life Lleva una vida desordenada. He leads a disorderly life. ° llevarse to carry off or away, take, steal Los ladrones se llevaron las joyas. The thieves carried off the jewels. ° llevarse bien to get along well Se lleva muy bien con sus amigos. He gets along very well with his friends.

llevarse (el premio) to win, carry off (the prize) Se llevó el premio grande. He won the first prize. ° llevarse un chasco to be disappointed, get it in the neck ¡Qué chasco me he llevado! I certainly got it in the neck!

llorar to weep, cry.

llover [rad-ch I] to rain Está lloviendo mucho. It's raining very hard. ° como llovido del cielo like manna from heaven Llegó el dinero como llovido del cielo. The money came like manna from heaven. ° llover a cántaros to pour (rain) Espere un momento, llueve a cántaros. Wait a while, it's pouring.

lloviznar to drizzle.

lluvia rain.

lluvioso rainy.

lo [neut art] the Es lo mejor que tenemos. It's the best we have. ▲ [obj pron; pl los] him, it; pl them Mándemelo. Send him to me. — Mándemelos. Send them to me.

loba female wolf.

lobo wolf.

local [adj] local Este es uno de los mejores periódicos locales. This is one of the best local newspapers. ▲ [m] place (indoors) No me gusta este local. I don't like this place.

localidad [f] locality, place ¿Qué localidad es esta? What place is this? ▲ seat (in a theater) ¿Quedan buenas localidades para esta noche? Are there any good seats left for tonight?

localizar to locate. ▲ to find out Primero, tenemos que localizer donde viven. First we have to find out where they live. ▲ to localize Los bomberos localizaron el fuego. The firemen localized the fire.

loco insane, crazy ¡No seas loco! Don't be crazy! ▲ [n] madman, lunatic Es un loco. He's a lunatic.

locomotora locomotive.

locura insanity, madness Su locura era hereditaria. His insanity was hereditary. ▲ folly Esas son locuras de la juventud. Those are the follies of youth.

lodo mud.

lógica logic.

lógico logical, reasonable.

lograr to get, obtain Lograba todo lo que quería. He got all he wanted. ▲ to succeed in No logramos convencerle. We didn't succeed in convincing him.

lomo loin ¿Le gusta el lomo de cerdo? Do you like loin of pork?

lona canvas.

longitud [f] length; longitude.

loquero attendant in an insane asylum.

loro parrot.

los See le, el, lo.

lotería lottery.

loza crockery.

lucero any bright star.

lucha struggle, fight La lucha por la existencia. The struggle for existence.

luchador [m] fighter; wrestler.

luchar to fight, struggle Los dos hombres lucharon largo rato. The two men fought for a long time. ▲ to wrestle.

lucir [-zc-] to shine, glitter, sparkle Las joyas ludan en sus dedos. The jewels glittered on her fingers. ▲ to wear, show off Se empeñó en lucir su traje nuevo. She insisted on wearing her new dress. ▲ to look, appear Luce Ud. muy bien hoy. You look very well today. ° lucirse to do splendidly Se lució en el examen. He did splendidly in the examination. ▲ to show off Le gusta mucho lucirse. He likes to show off.

luego immediately, right away Vengo luego. I'm coming right away. ▲ afterwards ¿Qué haremos luego? What shall we do afterwards? ▲ next ¿Qué pasó luego? What happened next? ▲ then Cenaremos juntos y luego iremos al teatro. We'll dine together and then go to the theater. ▲ later Luego lo haré. I'll do it later. ° desde luego naturally, of course ¡Desde luego lo haré! Of course I'll do it! ° luego, luego right away [Mex]. ° tan luego as soon as [Am] Tan luego como llegue se lo diré. As soon as he arrives I'll tell him. || ¡Hasta luego! So long!

lugar [m] place Nos encontraremos en el lugar acostumbrado. We'll meet at the usual place. ▲ place, city, town ¿De qué lugar es Ud.? Where are you from? ▲ room, space No hay lugar donde sentarnos. There's no room for us to sit down. ▲ position, office Tiene un buen lugar en el banco. He has a good position in the bank. ° dar lugar a to cause, give rise to Lo que dijo dio lugar a muchas controversias. What he said gave rise to much controversy. ° en lugar de instead of En lugar de comer aquí vamos a casa. Instead of eating here, let's go home. ° en primer lugar in the first place En primer lugar tengo que hacer, además hace calor. In the first place I'm busy, and besides it's too hot. ° tener lugar to take place La ceremonia tuvo lugar en el cementerio. The services took place at the cemetery.

lujo luxury. ° de lujo de luxe, luxurious.

lujoso luxurious, showy.

lumbre [f] fire (in stove, fireplace) Se sentaron cerca de la lumbre. They sat near the fire. ▲ light Se me apagó el cigarro. ¿Quiere Ud. darme lumbre? My cigar went out. Will you give me a light?

luminoso bright, luminous Una idea luminosa. ▲ bright idea.

luna moon Estaban paseando a la luz de la luna. They were walking in the moonlight. ° estar en la luna to be distracted. ° luna de miel honeymoon. ° luna llena full moon.

lunar [m] mole, beauty mark Tenía un lunar en el cuello. She had a mole on her neck. ▲ polka dot Llevaba un traje de lunares. She was wearing a polka dot dress.

lunes [m] Monday.

lunfardo Argentine slang.

lustrar to polish, shine Tengo que lustrarme los zapatos. I have to shine my shoes.

lustre [m] luster, shine, polish; splendor. ° dar lustre to shine, polish.

luto mourning; grief; mourning garments. ° estar de luto to be in mourning.

luz [f] light No puedo ver con esta luz. I can't see in this light. — Hizo luz en el asunto. He shed some light on the matter. ° a todas luces any way you look at it A todas luces es cierto. It's true any way you look at it. ° dar a la luz to publish. ° dar a luz to give birth (to a child). ° entre dos luces in the twilight Llegaron entre dos luces. They arrived at twilight. ° luces intelligence Es un hombre de muchas luces. He's a man of great intelligence.

M

macana fib, tall tale, exaggeration [Arg]. || ¡Qué macana! How annoying! [Arg]

macanudo excellent, wonderful, super [Am].

maceta flowerpot; potted plant.

machacar to crush Machacó la piedra completamente. He crushed the stone completely. ▲ to harp (on a subject) Es inútil, no machaque Ud. más. It's useless, don't harp on it any longer.

macho [adj; m] male (animals).

macizo [adj] solid Era una barra de oro macizo. It was a solid gold bar. ▲ [m] flower bed En medio del jardín había un macizo (de flores). There was a flower bed in the middle of the garden.

madera wood La caja estaba hecha de madera de sándalo. The box was made of sandalwood. ▲ lumber, timber La madera no está todavía seca. The lumber is still green. ▲ qualities, talent Tiene madera de actor. He has a talent for acting.

madero beam; timber.

madrastra stepmother.

madre [f] mother. ▲ origin, source, cradle Grecia fué la madre de la civilización occidental. Greece was the cradle of western civilization. ° madre política mother-in-law Le voy a presentar a mi madre política. I'm going to introduce you to my mother-in-law. ° salirse de madre to overflow El río se salió de madre. The river overflowed. ▲ to lose control of oneself.

madrina godmother.

madrugada dawn. ° de madrugada at daybreak, at dawn.

madrugar to rise early.

madurar to ripen La uva maduró bien aquel verano. The grapes ripened well that summer. ▲ to think out, develop (an idea) Maduró la idea antes de realizarla. He thought out the idea thoroughly before putting it into practice. ▲ to mature Maduró con los años. He became more mature with the passing of the years.

madurez [f] maturity, ripeness.

maduro ripe; mature (of persons).

maestro teacher Los chicos escuchaban al maestro. The children were listening to the teacher. ▲ master, craftsman Era maestro en su oficio. He was master of his trade.

magistrado magistrate; judge (higher courts). magnífico magnificent, excellent, grand.

mago wizard.

maguey [m] maguey (plant).

maíz [m] corn, maize.

majadero silly, foolish. ▲ [n] blockhead.

majestad [f] majesty.

majestuoso [adj] grand, majestic.

mal (see malo) bad Hemos pasado un mal rato. We have had a bad time. ▲ [m] illness Su mal era incurable. His illness was incurable. ▲ harm Gozaba haciendo el mal. He enjoyed doing harm. ▲ [adv] badly Todo va muy mal. Everything is going very badly. ° de mal en peor from bad to worse Vamos de mal en peor. We are going from bad to worse. ° estar mal de to be badly off (or in a bad way) as regards Estoy mal de dinero. I'm badly in need of money. ° mal hecho poorly done Ese trabajo está mal hecho. That work is poorly done. ▲ wrong. || No hay mal que por bien no venga. It's an ill wind that blows nobody good. || Quien canta su mal espanta. He who sings drives away his grief.

malcriado ill-bred, spoiled.

maldad [f] wickedness, evil deed; harm.

maldecir [irr] to damn, to curse.

maldición [f] curse.

maldito [adj] cursed, damned.

malestar [m] indisposition; discontent, dissatisfaction.

maleta suitcase. ▲ bundle [Am] Haga una maleta con esta ropa. Make a bundle of these clothes. ° hacer la maleta to pack the suitcase; to get ready to leave.

maletero porter (carrier).

maletín [m] overnight bag, small case.

maleza weeds.

malicia malice Lo hizo sin malicia. He did it without malice. ° tener malicia to be malicious Aquellas palabras parecían tener malicia. Those seemed to be malicious words.

malicioso malicious; risque.

maligno malignant.

malo bad, unpleasant El tiempo está muy malo. The weather is very bad. ▲ difficult, hard, bad ¡Qué rato tan malo hemos pasado! What a bad time we've had ! ▲ naughty Este niño es demasiado malo. This child's very naughty. ▲ ill Tan malo se puso que murió a las dos horas. He became so ill that he died two hours later. ° por las malas o por las buenas whether you like it or not Lo harás por las malas o por las buenas. You will do it whether you like it or not. || Ese es un tipo muy malo. He's a bad egg.

malograr to waste, to miss, fail to take advantage of (as time, opportunity, etc) Malograron la ocasión. They failed to take advantage of the opportunity. ° malograrse to fail La empresa se malogró. The business failed.

malsano unhealthy, unhealthful, unsanitary, unwholesome.

maltratar to mistreat, to abuse.

malvado wicked. ▲ [n] wicked person, villain.

mamá [f] mamma, mom.

mameluco overalls [Am].

manantial [m] spring, source of stream.

manar to flow out, spring De la roca manaba tina fuente. ▲ spring flowed out of the rock.

mancha spot, stain Le cayó una mancha en el traje. She got a spot on her dress. ▲ patch (of ground or vegetation) Sólo había algunas manchas de vegetación cerca del río. There were only a few patches of vegetation near the river.

manchado (see manchar) spotted, mottled Un perro manchado. ▲ spotted dog.

manchar to stain, soil.

manco one-armed.

mandadero messenger; errand boy.

mandado See mandar. ▲ [m] errand; message.

mandamiento order, command; commandment.

mandar to order, direct Mandó salir a la criada. He ordered the maid to leave. ▲ to send Al llegar mandaron el equipaje al hotel. When they arrived they sent their luggage to the hotel. ▲ to send, transmit Mande Ud. recuerdos a nuestro amigo. Send my regards to our friend. ° mandar a paseo to tell someone to go fly a kite.

mandato order, mandate, command.

mando order El general dio el mando de retirarse. The general gave the order to retreat. ▲ leadership, sternness Era hombre de mucho mando. He was a man of great leadership. ▲ control Los mandos del avión no funcionaban. The controls of the plane were out of order. ° (alto) mando high command El mando decidió atacar de madrugado. The high command decided to attack at dawn. ° estar al mando to be in command Está al mando del sector. He's in command of the sector. ° tomar el mando to take command Un comandante tuvo que tomar el mando de la división. A major had to take command of the division.

manecilla hand (of a watch, clock, or gage).

manejar to manage, handle Manejó bien el dinero y aumentó los ingresos. He handled the money well and increased the income from it. ▲ to drive [Am] ¿Ha aprendido Ud. a manejar el coche? Have you learned to drive the car? ° manejarse to move about Se manejaba ya sin las muletas. He was already moving about without crutches. ▲ to get along Se maneja bien. He gets along all right. ▲ to manage, succeed in ¿Cómo se maneja Ud. para hacer esto? How do you manage to do this?

manejo handling El manejo de esto ofrece peligro. This is a dangerous thing to handle. — El manejo de la dinamita es peligroso. The handling of dynamite is dangerous. ▲ driving (a car) [Am]. ▲ management, control Lleva todo el manejo de la tienda. He is in complete charge of the shop. ▲ intrigue Con sus manejos consiguió lo que quería. He got what he wanted by intrigue.

manera way, manner ¿Qué manera es esa de contestar? Is that the way to answer? ° de (esta) manera this way, in this manner Hágalo Ud. de esta manera. Do it this way. ° de mala manera rudely Lo dijo de mala manera. He said it in a rude way. ° de manera que so, as a result Ayer no fui, de manera que tengo que ir hoy. I didn't go yesterday, so I have to go today. ° de ninguna manera by no means De ninguna manera lo aceptaré. By no means will I accept it. ° de otra manera in another way No se lo puedo decir de otra manera. I can't tell him any other way. ▲ otherwise Estaba allí de otra manera no le hubiera hablado. He was there, otherwise I wouldn't have spoken to him. ° de todas maneras at any rate De todas maneras iremos. In any case we'll go. ° en cierta manera in a way En cierta manera, tiene Ud. razón. In a way you are right. ° maneras manners No tiene buenas maneras. He hasn't got good manners. ° no hay manera de there's no way to No hay manera de traducirlo. There's no way to translate it.

manga sleeve Las mangas le estaban cortas. His sleeves were short for him. ° andar manga por hombro to be in a mess En aquella casa todo andaba manga por hombro. Everything was in a mess in that house. ° de manga ancha indulgent Es hombre de manga ancha con sus hijos. He's very indulgent with his children. ▲ not too scrupulous. ° en mangas de camisa in shirt sleeves Por el calor estaban en mangas de camisa. They were in their shirt sleeves because of the heat. ° manga (de riego) hose La manga (de riego) no funcionaba. The hose didn't work.

mango handle; mango (fruit).

manguito muff.

maní [m] peanut [Am].

mania madness; mania; hobby. ° tomar manía (a) to dislike, have a grudge (against).

manifestación [f] demonstration (parade).

manifestar [rad-ch I] to express, show En la carta manifestaba estar conforme. In the letter he expressed his agreement. ° manifestarse to make a demonstration Los obreros quisieron manifestarse, pero no pudieron. The workers wanted to make a demonstration, but couldn't.

manifiesto manifest, plain, obvious. ▲ [m] manifesto.

manilla hand (of watch, clock, gage).

mano [f] hand. ▲ coat (of paint, varnish, etc) Hay que una mano de barniz. We must give it a coat of varnish. ▲ first player (next to dealer) La mano echó un triunfo. The first player led a trump. ▲ mishap, misfortune [Am] Nos pasó una mano. We had a slight accident. ° a mano by hand La carta estaba escrita a mano. The letter was written by hand. ▲ near by, within reach Póngalo Ud. a mano. Put it within reach. ° a mano derecha or izquierda on the right or left Su habitación está a mano derecha. His room is on the right. ° de la mano by the hand Llevaba el niño de la mano. She was leading the child by the hand. ° de segunda mano second-hand. ° echar una mano to lend a hand. ° hecho a mano handmade. ° mano a mano tête-à-tête Se pusieron a hablar mano a mano. They had a tête-à-tête.

manojo bunch (of flowers or vegetables). mansedumbre [f] meekness, humility, tameness.

manso tame; calm; meek.

manta blanket.

manteca lard, fat.

mantel [m] table-cloth.

mantener [irr] to support, provide for, make a living for Mantenía a su madre y tres hermanos. He supported his mother and three brothers. ▲ to hold Mantenga firme la cuerda. Hold the rope tight. ▲ to maintain, defend (an opinion) Mantendrá su opinion contra todos. He will defend his opinion against anyone. ▲ to keep up Costaba trabajo mantener la conversación. It was difficult to keep up the conversation. ° mantenerse to support oneself Para mantenerse durante aquel mes no tenía dinero. During that month he had no money on which to live. ° mantenerse (en) to hold (to) No creo que se mantenga en su decisión. I don't think he will hold to his decision.

mantenimiento maintenance, support; upkeep.

mantequilla butter.

mantilla mantilla; baby clothes. ° estar en mantillas to be innocent as a child, not to know anything about En cuanto a la política, está todavía en mantillas. As far as politics is concerned, he's still as innocent as a child.

manual [adj] manual, physical. ▲ [m] manual, handbook.

manufactura manufacture.

manufacturar to manufacture.

manuscrito handwritten. ▲ [m] manuscript.

manzana apple. ▲ block ¿En qué manzana está su casa? What block is your house in?

manzano apple tree.

maña skill; craftiness. ° darse maña to contrive, manage Se da maña para consegrar lo que quiere. He manages to get what he wants.

mañana [f] morning La mañana estaba clara. The morning was clear. ▲ [m] future Trabaja con ilusión para el mañana. He works hopefully for the future. ▲ [adv] tomorrow Le espero a Ud. mañana en el hotel. I'll wait for you in the hotel tomorrow. ° a la mañana siguiente on the morning after Le vi a la mañana siguiente. I saw him the morning after. ° de la mañana A.M. Vendrá a las seis de la mañana. He's coming at 6 A.M. ° de mañana early in the morning Salió muy de mañana. He went out very early in the morning. ° por (or en) la mañana in the morning Nos veremos el jueves por la mañana. We'll meet on Thursday morning. ° de mañanita very early in the morning. || ¡Hasta mañana! See you tomorrow!

mapa [m] map.

máquina machine La máquina se puso en movimiento. The machine began to run. ▲ car (automobile) [Arg]. ° a toda máquina at full speed Llevaba el trabajo a toda máquina. He worked at full speed. ° máquina (de escribir) typewriter Escribe muy bien a máquina. She types very well.

mar [m or f] sea. ° alta mar high sea, open sea. ° hablar de la mar to talk idly Eso es hablar de la mar. That's idle talk. ° la mar a lot, lots En su casa había la mar de gente. There were a lot of people at his house. ° meterse mar adentro to go beyond one's depth (in swimming).

maravilla wonder, marvel.

maravillar to amaze La fiesta maravillaba por su riqueza. The lavishness of the party amazed everybody. ° maravillarse to be astonished Me maravillo de que llegue a tiempo. I'm astonished that he's on time.

maravilloso wonderful.

marca mark, characteristic ¿Hay alguna marca que lo distinga? Has it any distinguishing mark? ▲ mark Ponga Ud. una marca en está página. Put a mark on this page. ° marca (de fábrica) trademark, brand La marca de fábrica es muy conocida. The trademark is very wellknown. — ¿Qué marca de cigarrillos fuma Ud.? What brand of cigarettes do you smoke?

marcar to mark Marcaba con un lápiz los nombres de los que asistían. With a pencil he marked off the names of those who attended. ° marcar el compás to keep time Aprenda Ud. a marcar el compás. Learn to keep time.

marcha speed El barco llevaba muy buena marcha. The ship traveled at a good speed. ▲ march Tocaban una marcha militar. They played a military march. ° apresurar la marcha to hurry, speed up Hay que apresurar la marcha. We must hurry. ° poner en marcha to start, put in motion No podía poner en marcha el motor. He couldn't start the motor. ° sobre la marcha at once El trabajo hay que terminarlo sobre la marcha. The work must be completed at once. || ¡En marcha! Let's go! or Forward, march!

marchar to run El tren marchaba a toda velocidad. The train was running at full speed. ▲ to progress, go along ¡Esto marcha muy bien! This is coming along fine! ▲ to go, run, work ¿Marcha el reloj de Ud.? Is your watch running? ° marcharse to leave, go away ¿A qué hora se marcha Ud.? When are you leaving?

marchitar to wither El calor marchitó la flores. The heat withered the flowers. ° marchitarse to fade, wither Su belleza empezó a marchitarse. Her beauty began to fade.

marchito faded, withered;

marco frame (of door, window, picture); mark (German monetary unit).

marea tide.

marear to bother ¡No me maree Ud. más! Don't bother me any more! ° marearse to get seasick, get carsick, get dizzy Al empezar a andar el barco, se mareó. As soon as the ship began to move, he got seasick.

mareo seasickness, carsickness, dizziness.

marfil [m] ivory.

margen [m or f] margin Deje Ud. margen en el papel cuando escriba. Leave a margin on the paper when you write. ▲ edge, border, bank Llegó hasta la margen del río. He reached the edge of the river. ° dar margen to give an opportunity Le dio margen para ganar dinero. He gave him an opportunity to earn money.

mariachi [m] Mexican street singer.

marido husband.

marihuana marihuana.

marimba marimba [Am].

marina seascape, marine painting. ° marina (de guerra) navy Era un oficial de la marina de guerra. He was a naval officer. ° marina mercante merchant marine.

marinero sailor, seaman.

marino marine, of the sea, maritime. ▲ [m] seaman Ese almirante era un buen marino. That admiral was a good seaman.

mariposa butterfly.

marítimo maritime.

marmita large cooking pot.

mármol [m] marble (stone).

marrano hog. ▲ [adj] piggish.

marrón [adj] brown.

martes [m] Tuesday.

martillar, martillear to hammer.

martillo hammer.

martirio torture, martyrdom.

marzo March.

más more. ▲ plus Cuatro más tres son siete. Four plus three is seven. ▲ longer No puedo esperarle más. I can't wait any longer for him. ° a lo más at most A lo más, costará diez pesos. At most it'll cost ten pesos. ° a más tardar at the latest A más tardar llegará esta noche. He'll arrive tonight at the latest. ° de más too much, too many Le dieron seis libras de más. They gave him six pounds too much. ° el (or la, los, las) más the more, the most Esta muchacha es la más inteligente. This girl is the most intelligent. ° en más de for more than Lo ha vendido en más de lo que lo compró. He's sold it for more than he paid for it. ° estar de más to be in excess, be unnecessary Estoy de más. I'm unnecessary here. ° lo más ... que as ... as Llegó lo más pronto que pudo. He arrived as soon as he could. ° los (or las) más the majority Los más de aquellos hombres trabajaban en la mina. The majority of those men worked in the mine. ° más adelante later on, farther (or further) on Más adelante se lo explicaré. Later on I'll explain it to you. ° más allá farther on La casa está más allá. The house is farther on. ° más bien rather Llegó más bien tarde. He arrived rather late. ° más de (before numerals) more than El pueblo tenía más de mil habitantes. The village had more than a thousand inhabitants. ° más que more than Me importa más que a Ud. It's more important to me than to you. ° más tarde o más temprano sooner or later Se sabrá más tarde o más temprano. It'll be known sooner or later. ° no más que only No tiene más que cuatro pesos. He has only four pesos. ° por más que however much, no matter how much Por más que diga Ud. no logrará convencerle. No matter how much you say you won't succeed in convincing him.

masa dough Se hizo la masa para el pan. The dough was made for the bread. ▲ mass (of people) Su discurso iba dirigido a las masas. His speech was directed to the masses. ° con las manos en la masa in the act, red-handed Le cogieron con las manos en la masa. They caught him in the act. ° masa de la sangre inner nature, blood Eso lo tiene en la masa de la sangre. It's in his blood.

masacre [m] massacre.

mascar to chew Tragúelo, no lo masque. Swallow it, don't chew it.

máscara [f] mask. ▲ [m, f] masquerader. ° baile de máscaras masquerade ball. ° máscara contra gases gas mask. ° vestido de máscara in costume.

mascota mascot, good-luck charm.

masculino masculine.

mástil [m] mast, pole, post.

mata plant, bush, shrub.

matanza slaughter.

matar to kill. ▲ to trump Me mató el rey. He trumped my king. ° estar a matar con to have a feud with, be on bad terms with No me hables de Pérez, estoy a matar con él. Don't speak to me about Pérez; we're on bad terms. ° matar de aburrimiento to bore to death Ese trabajo me mata de aburrimiento. That job bores me to death. ° matar de hambre to starve En aquel hotel nos mataban de hambre. They starved us at that hotel. ° matar dos pájaros en un tiro to kill two birds with one stone. ° matar el tiempo to kill time Mató el tiempo leyendo el periódico. He killed time reading the paper. ° matarse to kill oneself Intentó matarse con una pistola. He tried to kill himself with a pistol. ▲ to get killed Se mató en un accidente de automóvil. He got killed in an automobile accident.

mate [m] maté (South American tea).

matemáticas [f pl] mathematics.

materia material, substance ¿De qué materia está hecho esto? What material's this made of? ▲ matter, topic La materia que discutimos es interesante. The matter we're discussing is interesting. ▲ subject Enseñaba varias materias. He taught several subjects. ° entrar en materia to come to the point, get down to business. ° materia prima raw material.

material [m] material ¿Con qué material se hace esto? What material's used to make this? ▲ equipment Tiene una fábrica de material eléctrico. He has an electrical equipment factory.

maternal maternal, motherly.

materno maternal, on the mother's side.

matiz [m] shade, tint.

matón [m] bully, overbearing person.

matorral [m] thicket, brush.

matrimonio marriage Contrajo matrimonio hace tres días. He got married three days ago. ▲ married couple Era un matrimonio bien avenido. They were a harmonious couple.

maullar to meow.

máxima maxim, proverb.

máximo [adj; m] maximum.

mayo May.

mayor larger, largest; bigger, biggest Juan es mayor que su hermano. John's bigger than his brother. ▲ older, oldest ¿Cómo se llama su hermana mayor? What's your older (or oldest) sister's name? ▲ main (of streets) Viven en la calle mayor. They live on the main street. ▲ [m] major Fué mayor en el Ejército. He was a major in the Army. ° al por mayor wholesale Sólo vendemos al por mayor. We sell wholesale only. ° la mayor parte (de) the majority (of), the greater part (of). ° ser mayor de edad to be of age.

mayoría majority, greater part. ° mayoría de edad majority (of age.) ° llegar a la mayoría de edad to come of age.

mayorista [m] wholesale merchant [Am].

me [obj pron] me, to me; myself, to (or for) myself Cuando me vieron anoche me estaba afeitando. When they saw me last night I was shaving.

mecánica mechanics.

mecánico mechanical Este juguete es mecánico. This is a mechanical toy. ▲ [m] mechanic Trabajó de mecánico en una fábrica. He worked as a mechanic in a factory.

mecanismo mechanism, works (of machines).

mecanógrafo, mecanógrafa typist.

mecedora rocking chair.

mecer to rock Mecía al niño en la cuna. He rocked the child in the cradle. ° mecerse to rock (oneself), swing, sway Las flores se mecían en el viento. The flowers were swaying in the wind.

medalla medal.

media stocking Llevaba medias negras. She wore black stockings. ▲ sock [Am] Entró a comprarse unas medias. He went in to buy some socks.

mediación [f] mediation.

mediado (see mediar) half-filled, half-full La jarra estaba mediada. The pitcher was half-filled. ▲ half-gone, half-over. ° a mediados de in (or about) the middle of (a period of time) Estamos a mediados de mes. We're in the middle of the month.

medianería partition (wall).

mediano [adj] medium Es de estatura mediana. He's of medium height. ▲ mediocre Su trabajo era muy mediano. His work was very mediocre.

mediante through, by means of Mediante influencia pudo embarcar. He was able to book passage because he had pull. ° Dios mediante God willing.

mediar to mediate Quiso mediar en la discusión. He wanted to mediate in the argument.

medicina medicine ¿Qué año de medicina cursa Ud.? What year of medical school are you in? — El doctor le recetó una medicina. The doctor prescribed a medicine for him.

médico [adj] medical. ▲ [n] physician.

medida measure, measurements Voy a tomarle la medida. I'm going to take your measurements. ▲ rule, measure Aquella medida afectaba a todo el mundo. That rule applied to everybody. ▲ number, size ¿Cuál es su medida de calzado? What's your shoe size? ° a la medida to order, to measure, custom-made El traje está hecho a la medida. The suit's custom-made. ° a medida que as A medida que lleguen, dígales Ud. que pasen. As they arrive, tell them to come in. ° llenar (or colmar) la medida to be the last straw Eso colma la medida. That's the last straw. ° sin medida without moderation Bebe sin medida. He drinks to excess. ° tener medida to have a sense of proportion or moderation No tiene medida en lo que hace. He has no sense of proportion in what he does. ° tomar medidas to take measurements Me tomaron medidas para el traje. They took my measurements for the suit. ▲ to take measures or steps Tomaron medidas para evitar la rebelión. They took steps to prevent the revolt.

medio [adj] half, half a ¿Quiere Ud. medio polio? Would you like half a chicken? ▲ mid, middle of Podemos vernos a media tarde. We can meet in the middle of the afternoon. ▲ [m] middle El auto se paró en medio de la carretera. The car stopped in the middle of the road. ▲ means No veo medio de solucionar esto. I see no means of solving this. ° a medias fifty-fifty, halves Iremos a medias en el negocio. We'll go fifty-fifty in the business. ° a medio camino halfway to a place Ya estamos a medio camino. We're halfway there. ° a medio hacer half-done Este trabajo está a medio hacer. This work's halfdone. ° hacer algo a medias to do something poorly, do a half-baked job No haga Ud. las cosas a medias. Don't do a half-baked job. ° ir a medias to go fifty-fifty, to go halves.

mediocre mediocre.

mediodía [m] noon, midday.

medir [rad-ch III] to measure Midió el ancho y el largo de la habitación. He measured the length and width of the room. ▲ to measure, weigh No mide lo que dice. He doesn't weigh his words.

meditación [f] meditation, thought.

meditar to meditate, think.

mejilla cheek.

mejor [adj] better Esta casa es mejor que la otra. This is a better house than the other one. ▲ best Es la mejor casa del pueblo. It's the best house in town. ° a lo mejor perhaps, maybe A lo mejor mañana no llueve. Maybe it won't rain tomorrow. ° mejor dicho or rather, or better Iré a las tres, mejor dicho a las tres y cuarto. I'll go at three, or rather at a quarter past three. ° mejor que rather than, instead of Mejor que escribir, ponga Ud. un telegrama. Instead of writing, send a telegram. ° mejor que mejor all the better, so much the better Si viene, mejor que mejor. If he comes, so much the better.

mejora improvement, getting better; renovation, alteration.

mejorar to improve, recover Se le veía mejorar rápidamente. He was obviously improving fast. ▲ to improve, get better Han mejorado los negocios. Business has improved. ▲ to improve, make better Con las obras mejoraron la casa. With the alterations, the house was improved.

melancolía gloom, blues.

melancólico melancholy, sad.

melena long hair.

melocotón [m] peach.

melodía melody.

melón [m] melon, cantaloupe.

meloso honeylike, sweet. memorable memorable.

memoria memory (not used for things remembered) Su memoria era magnífica. He had a wonderful memory. ▲ memorandum, report Escribió una memoria con los gastos hechos. He made a memorandum of the expenses. ° de memoria by heart Me lo aprendí de memoria. I learned it by heart. ° hacer memoria to recall, remember Haga Ud. memoria y recuerde lo que pasó. Try to recall what happened. ° memorias regards Muchas memorias a su familia. My regards to your family. ▲ memoirs.

mencionar to mention.

mendigo, mendiga beggar.

menear to stir Hay que menearlo mientras cuece. It has to be stirred while it's cooking. ▲ to shake No menee Ud. la mesa. Don't shake the table. ▲ to wag El perro meneaba la cola. The dog was wagging his tail.

menester [m] occupation, duty Los menesteres de la casa. Household duties. ° ser menester to be necessary No es menester que venga a verme. You don't have to come to see me.

menesteroso needy, poor. ▲ [n] beggar.

menguar to diminish, decrease.

menor smaller, smallest María es la menor de las tres. Mary's the smallest of the three. ▲ younger, youngest Es de la misma edad que mi hermano menor. She's the same age as my younger brother. ▲ less, least, slightest No tengo la menor idea. I haven't the least idea. ▲ [m] minor No es apto para menores. It isn't suitable for minors. ° al por menor at retail Vendía sólo al por menor. He sold only at retail. ▲ minutely, in great detail Refirió al por menor todo lo sucedido. He reported in great detail everything that happened. ° menor de edad under age, minor.

menoría ° menoría de edad minority (of age).

menorista [m] retail merchant [Am].

menos less, least Mi hermano tiene seis años menos que yo. My brother's six years younger than I am. — Es el menos caro de todos. It's the least expensive of all. ▲ [prep] except, but Puede Ud. usar todos los libros, menos éste. You may use all the books but this one. ° al menos at least Procure Ud. al menos llegar a la hora. At least try to come on time. ° a menos que unless Le espero mañana a menos que Ud. me avise. I'll expect you tomorrow unless you let me know otherwise. ° echar de menos to miss Echaba mucho de menos a sus amigos. He missed his friends very much. ° lo de menos the least of it Eso es lo de menos. That's the least of it. ° lo menos at least En el combate perecierona le menos seiscientos hombres. At least six hundred men died in the action. ° menos de (before a numeral) less than Tengo menos de quince. I have less than fifteen. ° por lo menos at least Por lo menos costará cien pesos. It'll cost at least a hundred pesos. ° venir a menos to lose social position Esa familia ha venido mucho a menos. That family's lost its social position.

mensaje [m] message [Am]; dispatch [Sp].

mensajero, mensajera messenger [Am]; courier [Sp]. ° paloma mensajera carrier pigeon.

mensual [adj] monthly.

menta mint, peppermint.

mental mental.

mente [f] mind (mental faculties).

mentir [rad-ch II] to lie, tell lies.

mentira lie. ° parece mentira it seems impossible Parece mentira que tenga tanta edad. It seems impossible that you're that old. || ¡Mentira! That's a lie!

menudeo ° al menudeo at retail.

menudo tiny, very small Era una mujer muy menuda. She was a very small woman. ▲ [m] coins, change [Am] Déme cambio en billetes y menudo. Give me change in bills and coins. ° a menudo often Iba a verle a menudo. He used to go to see him often.

menudillo giblets.

mercado market En este mercado hay fruta y hay carne. There's fruit and meat in this market. ° mercado de valores stock market. ° tener mercado con to trade with Tenemos mercado con toda América. We trade with all America.

mercancía merchandise, goods.

mercantil commercial, mercantile.

merced [f] favor Tenga Ud. la merced de .... Please .... ° estar a merced de to be at the mercy of. ° su merced you (courteous and familiar) [Col] Si su merced quiere, iremos. If you want to, we'll go.

merecer [-zc-] to deserve La cuestión merecía estudio. The question deserved study. ° merecer la pena to be worthwhile.

merecimiento value, merit.

merendar [rad-ch I] to have a snack or refreshments in the afternoon.

meridional southern.

merienda afternoon snack. ° merienda en el campo picnic.

mérito merit, worth. ° hacer méritos to build up good will, make oneself deserving.

mero pure, simple; mere.

mes [m] month.

mesa table. ° poner la mesa to set the table.

meseta plateau.

mesón [m] country inn (for lower classes).

mestizo [adj; n] half-breed, (one) of mixed blood (white and Indian).

meta aim, goal; finish line.

metal [m] metal; brass. ° metal de voz tone, timbre (of voice).

metálico metallic. ▲ [m] coin(s) ¿Quiere Ud. su dinero en metálico? Do you want your money in coins?

meter to put Meta Ud. el dinero dentro del bolsillo. Put the money in your pocket. ▲ to take in Haga el favor de meter un poco las costuras de la chaqueta. Please take in the seams of the jacket a little. ° meter embustes to tell fibs. ° meter miedo to frighten Ud. trata de meternos miedo. You're trying to frighten us. ° meter ruido to make noise No meta Ud. tanto ruido. Don't make so much noise. ° meterse a to become (without previous thought or training) Decidió meterse a literato. He decided to become an author. ° meterse con to pick a fight with ¿Por qué se mete Ud. conmigo? Why are you picking a fight with me? ° meterse en to get into Se metió en la cama. He got into bed. ° meterse fraile or monja to become a monk or nun. ° meterse uno en lo que no le importa to be nosy No se meta Ud. en lo que no le importa. Don't be (so) nosy.

metódico systematic, methodical.

método method.

metro meter Compre Ud. seis metros de esa tela. Buy six meters of that cloth. ▲ subway [Sp] Tome Ud. el metro aquí mismo. Take the subway right here.

mezclar to mix ¿Quiere Ud. wiskey puro o lo mezclo con agua? Do you want your whiskey straight or shall I mix it with water? ▲ to blend Aquí mezclan el café del Brasil con el de Colombia. They blend Brazilian and Colombian coffee here. ° mezclarse to get mixed up No se mezcle Ud. en eso. Don't get mixed up in that.

mezquino mean, petty; stingy, skimpy.

mi; pl mis [adj] my ¿Dónde están mi sombrero y mis guantes? Where are my hat and my gloves? ▲ [obj pron] me Esta carta es para mi. This letter's for me. || ¡A mí qué! I don't care!

miedo fear. ° tener miedo to be afraid Tenía mucho miedo a estar enfermo. He was very much afraid of being ill.

miedoso fearful, afraid.

miel [f] honey.

miembro limb Se le paralizaron los miembros. His limbs got paralyzed. ▲ member Es miembro de varias sociedades. He's a member of several societies.

mientras while Lea Ud. el periódico mientras yo recibo la visita. Read the paper while I receive the visitor. ° mientras más (or menos) ... más (or menos) the more (or less) ... the more (or less) Mientras más duermo, menos ganas tengo de trabajar. The more I sleep, the less I feel like working. ° mientras no unless Mientras no estudie Ud. no aprenderá esto. Unless you study you won't learn this. ° mientras tanto meanwhile Volverán pronto, mientras tanto juguemos una partida. They'll be back soon; meanwhile let's play a game.

miércoles [m] Wednesday.

miga crumb Quitaba las migas de pan del mantel. She brushed the bread crumbs from the tablecloth. ° hacer buenas migas to get on well together Los dos amigos hacían buenas migas. The two friends got on well together. ° hacerse migas to be smashed to bits El jarrón al caerse al suelo se hizo migas. The jar was smashed to bits when it hit the floor. ° tener miga to have a point, be pithy Todo lo que dijo tenía miga. Everything he said was pithy.

mil (one) thousand.

milico soldier, "G.I." [Am].

militar [adj] military Fué llamado al servicio militar. He was called up for military service. ▲ [m] military man Es un club de militares. It's a military club.

milonga party and dance, "shindig", kind of dance music [Arg].

milla mile.

millar [m] one thousand.

millón [m] million.

millonario, millonada millionaire.

mimar to pamper, spoil (a child).

mina mine (excavation) Los obreros no bajaron a la mina aquella noche. The workmen didn't go down into the mine that night. — Aquel negocio era una mina (de oro). That business was a gold mine. ▲ mine (explosive) La navegación era difícil porque había minas. Navigation was difficult because there were mines.

minero miner.

mínimo [adj; m] minimum.

ministerio department (government) ¿Es este el Ministerio de Trabajo? Is this the Department of Labor? ▲ cabinet Dimitió el ministerio. The cabinet resigned.

ministro minister (member of a cabinet).

minoría minority Habló en nombre de la minoría. He spoke on behalf of the minority.

minorista [m] retail merchant [Am].

minucioso minute, precise, thorough.

minuta memorandum; minutes (of a meeting). ° a la minuta short-order [Arg].

minuto [adj] minute. ▲ [m] minute. ° al minuto right away.

mío, mía; pi míos, mías [adj] mine, of mine Estas corbatas no son mías. These ties aren't mine. — Fué un gran amigo mío. He was a great friend of mine. ° el mío, la mía; los míos, las mías [pron] mine Este lápiz es de Ud.; el mío está en la mesa. This pencil's yours; mine's on the desk.

mira intention, aim, goal ¿Cuáles son sus miras? What are your intentions? ▲ sight (of gun). ° estar a la mira to be on the lookout Procura estar a la mira por si vienen. Try to be on the lookout in case they come. ° tener la mira puesta en to aim at Tiene la mira puesta ot esa colocación. He's aiming for that job.

mirada look, expression Su mirada es inteligente. He has an intelligent expression. ▲ glance, look Su mirada de mostraba odio. His look showed hatred. ° echar una mirada to glance, cast a glance Echó una mirada al libro. He glanced at the book.

mirar to look at ¿Qué mira Ud.? What are you looking at? ▲ to glance Miraba a uno y a otro procurando una respuesta. He glanced from one to the other, hoping for an answer. ▲ to regard, look at Debemos mirar este asunto con más calma. We must look at this matter more calmly. ▲ to consider, think Mire Ud. bien lo que hace. Consider well what you're doing. ▲ to watch, be careful Mire Ud. donde pisa. Watch your step. ▲ to watch Miraba lo que estábamos haciendo. He watched what we were doing. ° mirar a to face Tres de las habitaciones miran a la calle. Three of the rooms face the street. ▲ to look towards (in the direction of) Estaba mirando al mar. He was looking towards the sea. ° mirar alrededor to look around Miró alrededor para ver si estaban allí. He looked around to see if they were there. ° mirar de hito en hito to stare at Se quedó mirándole de hito en hito. He kept staring at him. ° mirar de reojo to look out of the corner of one's eye Le miraba de reojo mientras hablaba. He was looking at him out of the corner of his eye while he was speaking. ° mirar por to look after ¿No tienen a nadie que mire por ellos? Don't they have anyone to look after them? ° mirarse to look at each other Se miraron y se echaron a reír. They looked at each other and burst out laughing. ▲ to look at oneself Le gustaba mirarse en ei espejo. He liked to look at himself in the mirror. || ¡Mire! Look here! or Listen!

misa Mass.

miserable miserable, unhappy, wretched Llevaba una vida miserable. He lead a miserable life. ▲ contemptible, rotten Fué una acción miserable. It was a contemptible thing to do. ▲ [n] cur, cad Aquel hombre era un miserable. That man was a cad.

miseria poverty La familia estaba en la miseria. The family lived in poverty. ▲ trifle, pittance Lo que le pagan es una miseria. They pay him a pittance.

misericordia mercy, compassion.

misia, misiá title of respect used with first name of old ladies [Col, Arg, Ven].

misión [f] mission Le envió el gobierno en misión a Rusia. The government sent him on a mission to Russia.— Esas iglesias las construyeron las misiones franciscanas. The Franciscan missions built those churches.

mismo same, identical Es el mismo sombrero. It's the same hat. ° aquí mismo right here Nos encontraremos aguí mismo. We'll meet right here. ° darle a uno lo mismo to be all the same to one Todo le da lo mismo. It's all the same to him. ° eso mismo that very thing Eso mismo le dije yo. That's just what I told him. ° mismo(s) -self, -selves Yo mismo puedo hacer esto. I can do this myself. — Que lo hagan ellos mismos. Let 'em do it themselves.

misterio mystery.

mitad [f] half ¿Quiere Ud. la mitad de este pastel? Do you want half of this cake? ▲ better half, wife Allí estaba el señor Gómez con su cara mitad. Mr. Gómez was there with his better half. ° en la mitad in the middle El auto estaba en la mitad del camino. The auto was in the middle of the road. ° por la mitad in half Parta Ud. esto por la mitad. Divide this in half. || Estamos a mitad de camino. We're half-way there. || Estamos a (la) mitad del trabajo. We're half-way through.

mitin [m] political meeting, rally.

mixto mixed. ° parejas mixtas mixed doubles (games). ° tren mixto mixed train (freight and passenger train).

mobiliario furniture.

mochila knapsack.

moda fashion, style Viste a la última moda. She dresses in the latest fashion. ° a la moda fashionable Siempre lleva trajes a la moda. She always wears fashionable dresses. ° estar de moda to be popular, be in fashion Ese artista está muy de moda. That artist's very popular. ° pasado de moda out of style Se ha pasado de moda. It's gone out of style.

modales [m pl] manners.

modelo [adj] model, perfect Era una esposa modelo. She was a model wife. ▲ [n] model, one who poses Es un buen modelo para una escultura. He's a good model for sculpture. ▲ (clothes) model Es una de la modelas de la tienda. She's one of the models in the store. ▲ [m] thing to be copied, model Tenga Ud. esto como modelo. Use this as a model. ▲ model, style, pattern Me gusta este modelo. I like this model. || No tiene modelo. She has no equal.

moderación [f] moderation.

moderado (see moderar) [adj] conservative El partido moderado. The conservative party.

moderar to restrain Modere Ud. sus ímpetus. Restrain your impulses. ° moderarse to become moderate, moderate, control oneself Se moderó en la bebida. He cut down on drinking. — ¡Modérese Ud.! Control yourself!

moderno modern.

modestia modesty, humbleness La modestia era su mejor cualidad. Modesty was his greatest attribute. ▲ modesty, lack of display Vestía con mucha modestia. He dressed very modestly.

modesto simple.

modificación [f] modification.

modificar to modify.

modista dressmaker.

modo method, way Ese es el mejor modo de arreglarlo. That's the best way of settling it. ° a mi (or su) modo in my (or his) own way Yo hago las cosas a mi modo. I do things in my own way. ° con buenos modos politely. ° con malos modos rudely Contestó con muy malos modos. He replied very rudely. ° de este modo (in) this way Creo que es mejor hacerlo de este modo. I think it's better to do it this way. ° de modo que so ¿De modo que es Ud. americano? So you're an American? ▲ so, therefore Tenemos mucha prisa, de modo que vamos a tomar un taxi. We're in a hurry, so let's take a taxi. ° de ningún modo by no (or any) means, under no (or any) circumstances No iré de ningún modo. I won't go under any circumstances. ° de todos modos anyhow.

moho mold, mildew.

mojar to wet, moisten; to drench.

molde [m] mold, form. ° de molde fitting, to the purpose, to the point Viene de molde. It's to the point.

moldura molding.

moler [rad-ch I] to grind, mill.

molestar to disturb ¡No me moleste! Don't disturb me! ▲ to annoy Molestaba a sus amigos con sus palabras. His words annoyed his friends. ▲ to bother, inconvenience ¿Le molesta a Ud. que fume? Will it bother you if I smoke? ▲ to hurt Me molestan im poco estos zapatos. These shoes hurt me a little. ° molestarse to be annoyed Ten cuidado con lo que dices porque se molesta muy fácilmente. Be careful of what you say, for he's easily annoyed.

molestarse (en) to bother (to), take the trouble (to) No se moleste en hacer tantos viajes. Don't bother making so many trips.

molestia trouble Perdone Ud. tantas molestias. I'm sorry to trouble you so much. ▲ discomfort No se encontraba muy bien, tenía algunas molestias. She wasn't very well; she suffered some discomfort.

molesto uncomfortable ¿Está Ud. molesto? Are you uncomfortable? ▲ annoyed Se sentía molesto y dejó de hablarle. He was annoyed and stopped speaking to her.

molete [m] disorder, mix-up, confusion [Am].

molino mill.

momento moment. ° al momento right away, immediately. ° por momentos any moment, soon.

mona female monkey. ▲ hangover Tiene una mona horrible. He has a terrible hangover. ° como la mona terrible, lousy [Arg] Me siento como la mona. I feel terrible.

mondar to peel.

mondas [f pl] peelings.

moneda coin Dejó algunas monedas sobre la mesa. He left some coins on the table. ▲ currency ¿Dónde podré cambiar moneda extranjera? Where can I exchange foreign currency? ° pagar en la misma moneda to pay back in one's own coin, give tit for tat.

monja nun.

monje [m] monk.

mono [adj] cute ¡Qué mona es esta muchacha! What a cute girl! ▲ [m] monkey El mono está metido dentro de la jaula. The monkey's in the cage. ° mono (de mecánico) overalls [Sp] Llevaba puesto un mono de mecánico. He was wearing overalls.

monótono monotonous.

monstruo monster.

monstruoso monstrous.

montado (see montar) astride.

montador [m] assembler (of machinery).

montaña mountain.

montañoso mountainous.

montar to ride (horseback) No monte Ud. ese caballo porque le tirará a Ud. Don't ride that horse; he'll throw you. ▲ to set up, assemble, install Hubo que montar una máquina en la fábrica. A machine had to be installed in the factory. ▲ to set (a precious stone) Montaron en el anillo cinco diamantes. They set five diamonds in the ring. ° montar a to amount to (in money) ¿A cuánto monta mi deuda? How much does my debt amount to? ° montar a caballo to ride horseback Montaba a caballo todas las mañanas. He went horseback riding every morning. ° montar en to get on or in, board (a vehicle) Al montar en el automóvil me hice daño en un pie. I hurt my foot getting in the automobile. ° montar en cólera to get furious Al oír aquello, montó en cólera. When he heard that he got furious. ° montarse to get up onto, mount Se montaron a caballo y se fueron. They mounted their horses and left.

monte [m] mountain Subió hasta lo más alto del monte. He climbed to the very top of the mountain. ▲ woods, forest El monte era tan espeso que casi no se podía andar por él. The forest was so thick that one could hardly walk through it.

montón [m] heap, pile Tengo un montón de cosas que hacer. I have a lot of things to do.

monumental monumental, tremendous.

monumento monument.

moño knot, bun (of hair).

mora blackberry; Moorish woman.

moral [adj] moral No es un libro muy moral. It's not a very moral book. ▲ [f] morale La moral de aquellos hombres era magnífica. The morale of those men was excellent. ▲ [m] black mulberry tree.

moralidad [f] morals, morality.

morder [rad-ch I] to bite.

moreno dark-skinned, brunet(te). ▲ [n] colored person [Antilles].

morir [irr] to die Cuando murió lo rodeaba toda su familia. All his family was around him when he died. ° estarse muriendo por to be dying to, be very anxious to Me estoy muriendo por verla. I'm dying to see her. ° morirse to die Se murió el año pasado. He died last year. — Se moría de miedo. He was scared to death. ° morirse de hambre to starve to death Por no morirse de hambre aceptó aquel trabajo. He took the job to keep from starving to death. ° morirse por to like very much, be crazy about Se muere por la cerveza. He's crazy about beer. ° ¡Muera ...! Down with ...! ¡Muera el rey! Down with the king! moro [adj] Moorish. ▲ [n] Moor.

morocho dark-skinned [Am].

mortal [adj] fatal La herida que recibió era mortal. The wound he received was fatal. ▲ deadly, terrible Un enemigo mortal. A deadly enemy. ▲ [m] mortal being Eso les ocurre a todos los mortales. That happens to all mortals.

mortificar to mortify, humiliate Lo que dije me mortifica. What I said mortifies me. ▲ to hurt, bother Estos zapatos me mortifican. These shoes hurt. ° mortificarse to torment oneself.

mosca fly.

mosquito mosquito.

mostaza mustard.

mostrador [m] counter (in a shop).

mostrar [rad-ch I] to show Le mostró la herida al médico. He showed the doctor his wound. ▲ to show, display Mostraba una gran tristeza. He showed great sadness. ° mostrarse to appear, show oneself Quiso mostrarse indulgente en ese momento. He wanted to appear lenient at that moment.

mote [m] nickname; alias.

motín [m] uprising, revolt, riot.

motivar to cause.

motivo motive, reason. ° por ningún motivo under no circumstances.

motor [m] motor.

mover [rad-ch I] to move Mueva Ud. esta mesa hacia el rincón. Move this table toward the corner. ▲ to make use of Movió sus influencias para conseguir un puesto. He made use of his connections to get a job. ▲ to motivate No le movía al interés de la ganancia. He wasn't motivated by gain. ▲ to stir Mueva Ud. la sopa hasta que hierva. Stir the soup until it boils. ° mover la cola to wag the tail. ° moverse to move Procure no movase tanto. Try not to move so much.

movible [adj] movable.

móvil mobile Pertenece a una brigada móvil. He belongs to a mobile brigade. [m] motive ¿Qué móvil tuvo Ud. para venir aquí? What made you come here?

movilización [f] mobilization.

movilizar to mobilize.

movimiento movement, move A la hora en punto el tren se puso en movimiento. The train pulled out exactly on time. ▲ movement Pertenecia a un movimiento progresista. He belonged to a progressive movement. ▲ traffic Hay mucho movimiento en esa calle. There's a lot of traffic in that street. ▲ animation, action La primera escena tiene mucho movimiento. The first scene has a lot of action.

mozo lad, young man (of peasant class). ▲ waiter ¡Mozo, tráigame la lista del almuerzo! Waiter, bring me the luncheon menu ! ▲ porter, red-cap. ° buen mozo good-looking [Am]; well-built [Sp].

mucamo, mucama servant [Am].

muchacha girl Me parece una excelente muchacha. She seems like a fine girl. ▲ young girl (in her teens) Sus hijas son ya unas muchachas. Her daughters are already in their teens. ▲ maid Dígale a la muchacha que haga las camas. Tell the maid to make the beds.

muchachada boyish action, prank; [Arg] gang of boys.

muchacho boy Estaba jugando con otros muchachos. He was playing with other boys.

mucho [adj] much No tiene mucha fuerza. He hasn't much strength. ▲ long, extended Hace mucho tiempo que le estoy esperando. I've been waiting a long time for you. ▲ [adv] much, a lot Bebía mucho. He used to drink a lot. ▲ often Esas cosas ocurren mucho. Those things happen often. ▲ long No me haga Ud. aguardar mucho. Don't make me wait long. ° muchos many Había muchos niños en la plaza. There were many children in the square. ° ni mucho menos nor anything like it, far from it No es tonto, ni mucho menos. He's not stupid; far from it. ° sentir mucho to be very sorry Siento mucho lo que le sucede. I'm very sorry about what happened to him.

mudanza moving, changing residence; change, evolution.

muda change of underwear.

mudar (de) to change Mudaba de opinión cada día. He changed his mind daily. — Hubo que mudar toda la instalación eléctrica. All the electric installations had to be changed. ° mudarse (de) to change (clothes) ¿Se mudó Ud. de traje? Did you change your clothes? ° mudarse (de casa, piso, or habitación) to move, change residence Decidió mudarse (de casa) aquel mismo día. He decided to move that very day.

mudo dumb, mute; speechless. ▲ [n] mute (person unable to talk). ° cine mudo silent films. mueble [adj] movable. ▲ [m] piece of furniture Me gusta mucho ese mueble. I like that piece of furniture very much. ° muebles furniture Los muebles del salón eran de estilo moderno. The living-room furniture was modern in style. ° propiedad mueble movable property, personal property.

muela molar, molar tooth; millstone. ° dolor de muelas toothache.

muelle soft Una vida muelle. A soft life. ▲ [m] spring (wire); pier.

muerte [f] death. ° de mala muerte worthless, crumby. ° guerra a muerte fight to the death.

muerto (see morir) dead.

muestra sample Mande Ud. muestras de tela. Send samples of cloth. ▲ (shop) sign ¿Leyó Ud. bien la muestra? Did you read the sign correctly? ° dar muestras de to show signs of Daba muestras de no entender nada. She showed no signs of understanding.

mugre [f] grime, dirt, filth.

mujer [f] woman; wife.

mula female mule.

mulato [adj; m] mulatto.

muleta crutch.

multa fine (punishment).

multiplicar to multiply.

multitud [f] crowd Abrió el balcón para ver la multitud. He opened the balcony window to see the crowd. ▲ masses En su discurso se dirigía a la multitud. His speech was addressed to the masses. ° multitud de a great many, a great deal of Se me ocurren una multitud de ideas. I've a great many ideas.

mundano worldly.

mundial global, universal, world La guerra mundial. The World War.

mundo world Ha viajado por todo el mundo. He's traveled all over the world. ▲ world, environment, circle(s) Frecuentaba el mundo de las letras. He moved in literary circles. ° gran mundo high society. ° tener (mucho) mundo to be sophisticated or experienced. ° todo el mundo everybody Todo el mundo estaba reunido en el salón. Everybody was gathered in the living room. ° vida del mundo world, worldly life Abandonó la vida del mundo y entró en el convento. She gave up the world and entered the convent.

munición, municiones [f] ammunition.

municipal municipal.

muñeca wrist; doll.

muralla wall (of a city).

murmullo murmur, whisper.

murmuración [f] gossip, slander.

murmurar to mutter Murmuró unas palabras ininteligibles. He muttered some unintelligible words. ▲ to murmur, whisper Le murmuró al oído unas palabras. She murmured some words in his ear. ▲ to gossip Se pasaron la tarde murmurando de todo el mundo. They spent the afternoon gossiping about everybody.

muro outside wall (of a house or garden).

músculo muscle.

museo museum.

música music Estuvimos oyendo música clásica. We were listening to classical music. ▲ band (of musicians) La música venía a la cabeza del desfile. The band came at the head of the parade. ▲ sheet music No puedo tocar de memoria, haga el favor de darme la música. I can't play from memory, please give me the music.

musical [adj] musical.

músico musical. ▲ [m] musician.

muslo thigh.

mustio withered; depressed.

mutuo mutual, reciprocal.

muy very Estoy muy mal de salud. My health's very bad. — Lo he escrito muy de prisa. I've written it very quickly. ° es muy de lamentar it's to be deeply regretted Es muy de lamentar que ocurra esto. It's to be deeply regretted that this should happen.

N

nabo turnip.

nacer [-zc-] to be born El nació en España. He was born in Spain. ▲ to start, originate La idea nació durante la fiesta. The idea started at the party. ▲ to sprout Ya nacieron las cebollas. The onions have already sprouted. ▲ to rise, appear El sol nace más temprano en el verano. The sun rises earlier in the summer. ▲ to rise, spring, have its source El río hace en las montañas rocosas. The river has its source in the Rocky Mountains. ° nacer de pie to be born lucky Ese hombre nació de pie. That man was born lucky.

nacimiento birth. ▲ beginning, source ¿Dónde está el nacimiento de este rio? Where's the source of this river?

nación [f] nation.

nacional national.

nacionalidad [f] nationality.

nada nothing, not anything No hay nada en esta caja. There's nothing in this box. — No me ha dado nada. He hasn't given me anything. ▲ [adv] not at all No es nada fácil. It's not at all easy. ° De nada You're welcome "Muchas gracias." "De nada." "Thank you very much." "You're welcome."

nadador, nadadora swimmer.

nadar to swim ¿Sabe Ud. nadar? Can you swim? ° nadar en la abundancia to live in luxury Desde joven nadó en la abundancia. From youth he lived in luxury.

nadie nobody, no one, not anybody, not anyone No vino nadie. Nobody came. — No he visto a nadie. I haven't seen anybody. — Nadie lo conoce. No one knows him.

naipe [m] (playing) card.

nalga buttock(s).

nana grandmother; nurse; lullaby; [Am] mamma.

naranja orange. ° media naranja better half Es ella su media naranja. She's his better half.

naranjada orangeade.

naranjal [m] orange grove.

naranjero, naranjera orange seller; orange grower.

naranjo orange tree.

narcótico [adj] narcotic. ▲ [m] narcotic, dope.

nariz [f] nose.

nativo [adj] native.

natural [adj] natural. ▲ [n] native Es un natural del Uruguay. He's a native of Uruguay. ▲ [m] disposition, nature Tiene un natural triste. He has a sad disposition.

naturaleza nature La naturaleza es variada en los países tropicales. Nature is varied in tropical countries. ▲ constitution El enfermo no tenía muy buena naturaleza. The patient didn't have a very good constitution. ▲ temperament, disposition Era muy nervioso por naturaleza. He had a nervous temperament.

naturalidad [f] naturalness Se conduce con mucha naturalidad. He behaves very naturally.

naturalización [f] naturalization.

naufragar to be (ship) wrecked Aquel barco naufragó en las costas de Chile. That boat was wrecked on the coast of Chile. ▲ to fail, fall through Las negociaciones naufragaron. The negotiations fell through.

naufragio shipwreck.

náufrago, náufraga shipwrecked person, castaway.

náusea nausea.

navaja pen knife, clasp knife. ° navaja de afeitar razor.

naval naval.

nave [f] ship A pesar del huracán la nave llegó al puerto. In spite of the hurricane the ship reached port.

navegación [f] navigation. ▲ voyage Tuvimos una navegación difícil. We had a rough voyage.

navegante [m] navigator.

navegar to navigate, sail.

navidad [f] Christmas.

neblina mist, fog.

necesario [adj] necessary.

necesidad [f] need, necessity Sintió la necesidad de un cambio de clima. He felt the need of a change of climate.

necesitar to need Necesitamos más obreros. We need more workers.

negar [rad-ch I] to deny Negó que conociera a aquel hombre. He denied that he knew that man. ▲ to refuse Le negaron el aumento de sueldo. They refused him a raise in salary. ▲ to disclaim Negó toda responsabilidad en el accidente. He disclaimed all responsibility for the accident. ° negarse a to refuse to Se negó a ayudarme. He refused to help me.

negativo [adj] negative, in the negative Su respuesta fué negativa. His reply was in the negative. ▲ [m] negative ¿Quiere Ud. prestarme los negativos de esas fotografías? Will you lend me the negatives of those photographs?

negligente negligent.

negociación [f] negotiation.

negociante [m] business man.

negociar to negotiate Se reunieron para negociar las condiciones de paz. They met to negotiate peace terms. ▲ to do business Mi amigo quiere negociar con casas sudamericanas. My friend wants to do business with South American firms.

negocio business, interest Tienen negocios de petróleo. They have oil interests. ° negocio redondo good bargain Esa compra fué un negocio redondo. That purchase was a good bargain.

negro [adj] black. ▲ gloomy, dark El porvenir parecía muy negro. The future looked very gloomy. ▲ [n] Negro, Negress Oímos algunos cantos religiosos de los negros. We heard some Negro spirituals. ▲ [m] black (color). ° suerte negra very bad luck Tiene una suerte negra. He has very bad luck.

nene, nena baby.

neoyorquino, neoyorquina New Yorker.

nervio nerve.

nervioso nervous.

neto [adj] net. ° peso neto net weight.

neumático (pneumatic) tire.

neumonía pneumonia.

neutral [adj] neutral.

nevada snowfall.

nevar [rad-ch I] to snow En este país no nieva nunca. It never snows in this country.

nevera icebox, refrigerator.

ni neither, nor. ▲ not even No dijo ni adiós. He didn't even say good-by. ° ni ... ni neither ... nor No sabe ni inglés ni español. He knows neither English nor Spanish. ° ni siquiera not even, not a single No dijo ni siquiera una palabra. He didn't say a single word.

nicotina nicotine.

nido nest.

niebla fog, mist, haze.

nieta granddaughter.

nieto grandson.

nieve [f] snow.

ningún no, not a, not one Ningún hombre entre ellos pudo levantar el peso. Not a man among them could lift the weight. ▲ no, none ¿No hay ningún cuarto libre? Are there no vacant rooms?

ninguno none Ninguna de mis amigas lo sabe. None of my friends know. ▲ not any ¿No le agrada ninguno de estos? Don't you like any of these? ▲ no or none (whatever or at all) No tiene criado ninguno. He has no servants at all. ° de ninguna manera under no circumstances, by no means De ninguna manera iría. I wouldn't go under any circumstances. ° de ningún modo under no circumstances, by no means De ningún modo debe Ud. irse hoy. Under no circumstances should you go away today. ° por ningún lado nowhere No lo encontré por ningún lado. I couldn't find it anywhere.

niña girl Con ese traje parece una niña. You look like a little girl in that dress. ▲ baby No seas niña. Don't be a baby. ▲ young lady, girl [Am]. ▲ Miss (used by servants) [Am] Pregúntele Ud. a la niña María. Ask Miss Mary. ° niña bien glamour girl. ° niña del ojo pupil (of the eye) . ▲ apple of the eye La quiere como a la niña de sus ojos. She's the apple of his eye.

niñada childishness. ▲ childish action Eso es una niñada. That's childish.

niñez [f] childhood.

niño [adj] young Yo era muy niño cuando sucedió eso. I was very young when that happened. ▲ childish Es muy niño todavía. He's still very childish. ▲ [m] boy Tiene dos niños y una niña. He has two boys and a girl. ° niños children Había un grupo de niños jugando en el parque. There was a group of children playing in the park.

nivel [m] level.

nivelar to level Nivelaron el terreno en muy poco tiempo. They leveled the ground in a very short time. ▲ to balance Tenemos que nivelar nuestro presupuesto. We must balance our budget.

no no, not "¿Hará Ud. eso?" "No, no lo haré." "Will you do that?" "No, I won't." ° así no más [Am] just like this Hágalo así no más. Do it just like this. ° no más only, no more Esto y no más. This and no more. ° no sea que or else Tenemos que darnos prisa no sea que cierren la tienda. We must hurry or else the shop'll be closed.

noble [adj] noble.

nobleza nobility, nobleness.

noche [f] night. ▲ evening (after sunset), night ¡Buenas noches! Good evening! or Good night! ° ayer noche last night Ayer noche hizo mucho frío. It was very cold last night. ° de la noche a la mañana overnight Se hizo rico de la noche a la mañana. He became rich overnight. ° esta noche tonight Esta noche vamos al cine. We're going to the movies tonight. ° hacerse de noche to get dark Tengo que irme proque se hace de noche. I must go; it's getting dark. ° muy de noche late at night Era muy de noche cuando regresamos. It was late at night when we got back.

Nochebuena Christmas Eve Pasaré la Nochebuena con mi familia. I'm spending Christmas Eve with my family.

noción [f] notion, idea.

nombramiento nomination; appointment.

nombrar to name, mention En la conversación nombramos a ese señor. We mentioned that gentleman in the conversation. ▲ to appoint Le nombraron presidente de la comisión. They appointed him chairman of the committee.

nombre [m] name ¿Cuál es su nombre? What's your name? ▲ fame, renown Su libro le dio mucho nombre. His book brought him great fame. ▲ reputation Esa empresa tiene muy buen nombre. That firm has a good reputation. ▲ noun En este caso el adjetivo va antes del nombre. In this case the adjective goes before the noun. ° nombre de familia family name, surname. ° nombre y apellido full name Escriba Ud. su nombre y apellido. Write your full name. ° no tener nombre to be unspeakable Lo que ha hecho no tiene nombre. What he did is unspeakable. ° poner nombre (a) to name, call ¿Qué nombre le van a poner? What are they going to name him?

nordeste [m] northeast.

normal [adj] normal; standard.

norte [m] north. ▲ north wind Sopla un norte muy fuerte. ▲ very strong north wind's blowing.

norteamericano [adj; n] North American (specifically, in all Spanish-speaking countries, used to designate persons or things of or from the United States) .

nos us No nos invitaron a la fiesta. They didn't invite us to the party. — Vinieron a buscarnos. They came to look for us. ▲ one another, each other Nos vimos en la calle. We saw each other on the street.

nosotros we Nosotros estamos listos. We're ready. ° nosotros mismos we (...) ourselves Lo hicimos nosotros mismos. We did it ourselves.

nota note ¿Tiene Ud. muchas notas en su cuaderno? Do you have many notes in your notebook? — Desafina en las notas altas. She goes flat on the high notes. — Hemos recibido una nota del Consulado Español. We've received a note from the Spanish Consulate. ▲ mark, grade Sacó muy buena nota en el examen de castellano. He got a very good mark on the Spanish exam. ▲ note, renown Es un escritor de nota. He's a writer of note. ▲ footnote, marginal note. ° dar la nota discordante to be the disturbing element Dó la nota discordante. She was out of place. or She spoke out of turn. ° tomar nota de to take note of, jot down Tomé nota de todo lo que había ocurrido en el viaje. I took note of everything that happened on the trip.

notable remarkable, notable; distinguished.

notar to notice, note, see No notamos el cambio de altura. We didn't notice the change in altitude.

notario notary public.

noticia news; news item ¿Cómo supo Ud. la noticia? How did you find out the news? ▲ notice Ponga Ud. una noticia en el periódico. Put a notice in the paper. ° atrasado de noticias behind the times Me parece que está Ud. atrasado de noticias. I think you're behind the times.

notificar to notify, inform.

novedad [f] novelty, latest fashion Esta tienda ofrece las últimas novedades en artículos para caballero. This shop has the latest things in men's wear. ▲ news ¡Eso es una novedad para mi! That's news to me! ▲ surprise ¡Eso es una novedad! That's a surprise! ° sin novedad as usual; nothing new, no news "¿Hay noticias?" "Sin novedad." "Any news?" "Nothing new."

novela novel.

novelista [m, f] novelist.

novena novena (nine days' devotion).

noveno [adj] ninth.

noventa ninety.

novia sweetheart, fiancee; bride.

noviembre [m] November.

novio sweetheart, fiance; bridegroom.

nube [f] cloud. ▲ crowd Le rodeaba una nube de gente. A crowd of people surrounded him. ° esta en las nubes to daydream Siempre está en las nubes. He's always daydreaming. ° por las nubes skyhigh ¡Los precios están por las nubes! Prices are sky-high.

nublado cloudy, overcast.

nudo knot.

nuera daughter-in-law.

nuestro our Nuestro maestro de español es madrileño. Our Spanish teacher's from Madrid. ▲ of ours Un amigo nuestro nos lo regaló. ▲ friend of ours (or One of our friends) gave it to us. ▲ ours Esta no es la nuestra, es la de Ud. This isn't ours, it's yours.

nueve nine Ahora son las nueve. It's now nine o'clock.

nuevo new La mesa era nueva. The table was new. — ¿Qué hay de nuevo por aquí? What's new around here? ▲ new, different Ya ha llegado el nuevo director. The new director's already arrived. ° de nuevo again Tendrá que hacerlo de nuevo. He'll have to do it again. || Eso es nuevo para mí. That's news to me.

nuez [f] walnut.

nulo void, null.

numerar to number, put numbers on Numeraron los asientos. They numbered the seats.

número number ¿Cuál es el número de su teléfono? What's your phone number? ▲ size (of wearing apparel) ¿Cuál es el número de camisa que usa Ud.? What size shirt do you wear? ▲ number, edition ¿Tiene Ud. el último número de esta revista? Do you have the latest number of this magazine?

nunca never, not ever Nunca me habló. He never spoke to me. — No la he visto nunca. I've never seen her.

Ñ

ñame [m] yam [Antilles].

ñapa See yapa.

ñato pug-nosed [Am].

ñeque [m] || Es hombre de ñeque. He's a real he-man [Am].

ñoño silly.

ñudo ° al ñudo in vain [Arg].

O

o or Vienen tres o cuatro amigos. Three or four friends are coming.

° o ... o either ... or O lo hace Ud. o lo mato. Either you do it or I'll kill you. ° o sea that is La fiesta será el lunes próximo, a sea el 25 de agosto. The party will be next Monday, that is, August 25th.

oasis [m] oasis.

obedecer [-zc-] to obey Tendrán Uds. que obedecer mis órdenes. You'll have to obey my orders. ▲ to be the reason for, to arise from ¿A qué obedece todo eso? What's the reason for all that?

obediencia obedience.

obediente obedient.

obispo bishop.

objección [f] objection.

objeto object Había varios objetos sobre la mesa. There were several objects on the table. ▲ purpose El objeto de su visita era estrictamente comercial. The purpose of his call was strictly business.

oblicuo [adj] oblique.

obligación [f] duty Tiene Ud. la obligación de contestar. It's your duty to reply. ▲ obligation, responsibility Con una familia tan numerosa tiene muchas obligaciones. With such a large family he has a great many responsibilities.

obligar to oblige, force, compel Le obligaron a firmarlo. He was forced to sign it. ° obligarse to obligate oneself, bind oneself Se obligó a pagarlo. He bound himself to pay it.

obligatorio obligatory, binding, compulsory.

obra work Pongámonos a la obra. Let's get to work. ▲ book(s), work(s) La obra de Cervantes es universalmente admirada. The works of Cervantes are universally admired. ▲ show, performance ¿Qué tal era la obra que vieron Uds. anoche? How was the show last night? ° en obras under construction, undergoing repairs Esa casa está en obras. That house is undergoing repairs. ° obra maestra masterpiece. || ¡Manos a la obra! Let's get to work !

obrar to do, act Obre Ud. como quiera. Do as you please. ▲ to act, behave Obró Ud. ligeramente. You acted without thinking. ° obrar en poder de to be in the possession of, be in one's hands La carta obra en mi poder. The letter's in my possession.

obrero, obrera worker, laborer.

o(b)scurecer [-zc-] to get dark En el invierno o(b)scurece pronto. It gets dark early in winter. ° o(b)scurecerse to get dark El cielo se o(b)sctireció. The sky got dark.

o(b)scuridad [f] obscurity, darkness.

o(b)scuro [adj] dark A las cinco ya está o(b)scuro. It's already dark at five o'clock. — Quiero un traje azul o(b)scuro. I want a dark-blue suit. ▲ obscure, not clear El significado de esta frase es más bien o(b)scuro. The meaning of this sentence is rather obscure. ° a o(b)scuras in the dark, in darkness La habitación estaba a o(b)scuras. The room was in darkness.

obsequiar to lavish attentions on, entertain lavishly Todo el tiempo que estuvo en casa de sus amigos le obsequiaron mucho. During the whole time he was in his friends' home, they entertained him lavishly. ▲ to present with La obsequiaron (con) un ramo de flores. They presented her with a bouquet of flowers.

obsequio gift, present.

observación [f] observation, suggestion ¿Le puedo hacer a Ud. una observación? May I make a suggestion? ° en observación under observation Estaba en observación en un sanatorio. He was under observation in a sanatorium.

observador [adj] observing Es un muchacho muy observador. He's a very observing fellow. ▲ [m] observer El gobierno francés envió un observador. The French government sent an observer.

observar to notice ¿Observa Ud. algún cambio en el enfermo? Do you notice any change in the patient? ▲ to watch Observe Ud. lo que hacen. Watch what they're doing. ° observar buena conducta to behave well.

obstáculo obstacle, hindrance.

obstinación [f] obstinacy, stubbornness.

obstinado stubborn.

obstinarse en to insist on Se obstina en quedarse en casa. He insists on staying home.

obstruir to obstruct, block Aquel automóvil estaba obstruyendo el tráfico. That car was blocking traffic. ° obstruirse to be blocked up or clogged up La cañería se obstruía con frecuencia. The pipe was often clogged.

obtener [irr] to get, obtain ¿Dónde obtuvo Ud. esos informes? Where did you get that information?

obtuso obtuse.

ocasión [f] chance, opportunity Aquí puede tener ocasión de encontrar trabajo. You may have a chance of finding work here. ▲ time, occasion No es esta la mejor ocasión para preguntárselo. This isn't the best time to ask him about it. ° aprovechar la ocasión to take advantage of a situation. ° de ocasión second-hand Compró un automóvil de ocasión. He bought a second-hand car.

ocasionar to cause Aquel descuido pudo ocasionar un incendio. That carelessness could have caused a fire.

occidental [adj] western; Occidental. ▲ [n] Occidental.

occidente [m] west; Occident.

océano ocean.

ocio idleness, leisure. ° ratos de ocio spare time Lo haré en mis ratos de ocio. I'll do it in my spare time.

ocioso lazy, idle Era un hombre ocioso. He was a lazy fellow.

octavo [adj] eighth.

octubre [m] October.

ocultar to hide.

oculto concealed, hidden.

ocupación [f] business Si no tiene ocupación mañana, venga por aquí. If you have nothing to do tomorrow, come on over. ▲ occupation La ocupación se hizo con orden. The occupation was carried out in an orderly way.

ocupado (see ocupar) busy Hoy estaré ocupado todo el día. I'll be busy all day today. ▲ occupied, taken ¿Está ocupado ese piso? Is that apartment occupied?

ocupar to occupy, take possession of Han ocupado tina nueva ciudad. They've occupied a new city. ▲ to take Puede Ud. ocupar esa silla. You may take that chair. ▲ to live in Ocupó una habitación en el piso tercero. He lived in a room on the third floor. ° ocuparse de to take care of, pay attention to Se ocupa muy poco de su familia. He pays very little attention to his family. ocurrencia witticism, wisecrack Las ocurrencias de aquel hombre hacían reír a todos. That fellow's wisecracks made everyone laugh.

ocurrir to occur, happen Salga Ud. a ver qué ocurre. Go out and see what's happening. ° ocurrirsele a uno to occur to one Se me ocurrió una buena idea. A good idea occurred to me.

ochavo penny. ° no tener ni un ochavo to be penniless.

ochenta eighty.

ocho eight; eighth (day of the month).

odiar to hate.

odio hatred.

odioso mean, nasty ¡Qué odioso! How nasty !

oeste [m] west.

ofenderse to take offense Se lo dije y no se ofendió. I told him and he didn't take offense.

ofensa insult, offense (personal).

ofensivo [adj] offensive.

oferta offer.

oficial [adj] official Fué en misión oficial. He went on an official mission. ▲ [m] officer Fué oficial del Ejército. He was an army officer. ° oficial mayor chief clerk (government or civil service).

oficina office (room).

oficinista [m, f] office worker, white-collar worker; clerk.

oficio manual work, occupation, trade ¿Qué oficio tiene Ud.? What's your occupation? — Es carpintero de oficio. He's a carpenter by trade. ° oficio(s) divino(s) church service(s).

ofrecer [-zc-] to offer Me ofrecen un nuevo empleo. They're offering me a new job. ° ofrecerse to offer oneself, be at the service of Me ofrezco a Ud. para todo. I'm completely at your service.

ofrecimiento offer, offering.

ofrenda offering (religious).

¡oh! O! oh!

oída hearing. ° de (or por) oídas by hearsay.

oído (inner) ear Le duelen los oídos. He has an earache. ▲ hearing Era muy duro de oído. He was very hard of hearing. ° al oído in the ear, whispering Le murmuró algo al oído. She whispered something in his ear. ° dar oídos to listen, lend an ear No quiso dar oídos a aquello. He didn't want to listen to that. ° de oído by ear Tocaba el piano de oído. He played the piano by ear. ° tener buen oído to have a good ear (for music); to have good hearing.

oír [irr] to hear No oigo bien; hable más alto. I don't hear well; speak louder. ▲ to listen Óigame, por favor, tengo que hacerle una pregunta. Listen, please, I have to ask you a question. || ¡Oiga! Hello! (telephone) [Sp].

ojal [m] buttonhole.

¡ojalá! || ¡Ojalá (que) venga! I wish he'd come!

ojeada glance. ° echar una ojeada to cast a glance.

ojear to glance through Ojeó rápidamente el periódico. He quickly glanced through the paper.

ojo eye El médico le examinó los ojos. The doctor examined his eyes. ° costar un ojo de la cara to cost plenty Nos costó un ojo de la cara. It's cost us plenty. ° en un abrir y cerrar de ojos in the twinkling of an eye. ° ¡ojo! look out! ¡Ojo! Que se va a caer. Look out! It's going to fall. ° ojo de agua spring of water. ° ojo de la llave keyhole. ° ojo morado, ojo negro black eye Le pusieron un ojo negro. They gave him a black eye. ° poner ojo to pay (close) attention ¡Ponga Ud. ojo en esto! Pay attention to this ! ° tener buen ojo to have a good eye or good foresight Ha tenido Ud. buen ojo. You've shown good foresight.

ola wave (of water).

oleaje [m] ground swell, motion of waves.

oler [rad-ch I] to smell Esto huele muy bien. This smells very good. — Olió el peligro y decidió no salir. He smelled danger and decided not to go out.

olfato sense of smell.

olivar [m] olive grove.

oliva olive.

olivo olive tree.

olla pot.

olor [m] smell, odor.

oloroso fragrant.

olvidar to forget ¿Ha olvidado Ud. algo? Have you forgotten something? ° olvidarse (de) to forget Olvídese de lo ocurrido. Forget what's happened.

olvido forgetfulness.

omisión [f] omission.

omitir to omit. ómnibus [m] bus.

once eleven; eleventh (day of month).

onda wave (of hair) ; ripple (of water). ° onda corta, onda larga short wave, long wave (radio).

ondulación [f] wave, waiving. ° ondulación permanente permanent wave.

ondulado (see ondular) wavy. ▲ [m] wave, waving.

ondular to ripple, wave.

onza ounce.

opaco opaque.

ópera opera.

operación [f] operation Los médicos decidieron hacer la operación. The doctors agreed to perform the operation. ▲ operation (Math), calculation ¿Quiere Ud. comprobar las operaciones? Do you want to check the calculations? ▲ operation (Mil) El general dirigía las operaciones. The general directed the operations.

operar to operate on Le han operado de apendicitis. They operated on him for appendicitis.

operario, operaría operator, skilled worker.

opinar to judge, hold (or be of) the opinion.

opinión [f] opinion ¿Qué opinión tiene Ud. de esto? What's your opinion about this?

oponer [irr] to set up Opusieron toda cíese de obstáculos. They set up all kinds of obstacles. ° oponerse (a) to oppose Nadie se opuso a aquel proyecto. No one opposed that project.

oportunidad [f] opportunity.

oportuno opportune, fitting, appropriate Su intervención fué oportuna. His intervention was opportune.

oposición [f] opposition.

oprimir to oppress Oprimía a los débiles. He oppressed the weak. ▲ to be tight El cinturón le oprimía demasiado. The belt was too tight on him.

óptico optometrist Voy al óptico para comprar unos lentes. I'm going to the optometrist to get glasses.

optimismo optimism.

optimista optimistic. ▲ [m] optimist.

opuesto (see oponer) [adj] opposed. ▲ opposite Estaba situado en el lado opuesto. It was situated on the opposite side.

opulento rich, opulent.

oración [f] sentence Escribe oraciones muy cortas. He writes very short sentences. ▲ prayer Rezó sus oraciones. He said his prayers.

orador [m] orator.

órbita [f] orbit.

orden [f] order (s), command, instruction No he recibido ninguna(s) orden(es) de mis superiores. I haven't received any order (s) from my superiors. ▲ order (commercial) Despacharemos su orden vía Nueva Orleans. We'll ship your order via New Orleans. ▲ order (religious) La orden franciscana. The Franciscan order. ▲ [m] order Trabajaba sin ningún orden. He had no order in his work. ° a sus órdenes at your service. ° en orden in order Todo estaba en orden. Everything was in order. ° orden del día agenda, order of the day.

ordenar to put in order Tenemos que ordenar estos papeles. We must put these papers in order. ▲ to order Ordenó que le sirvieran la comida. He ordered them to serve his dinner. ° ordenarse to be ordained.

ordinario usual ¿Cuál es el precio ordinario de esto? What's the usual price of this? ▲ ordinary Era un hombre ordinario. He was an ordinary man. ▲ vulgar Es un tipo muy ordinario. He's a very vulgar fellow. ° correo ordinario regular mail. ° de ordinario usually De ordinario viene por la mañana. He usually comes in the morning.

oreja ear Tiene las orejas grandes. He has big ears. ▲ handle [Am] Se le rompió la oreja a la taza. The handle of the cup broke. ° descubrir la oreja to give oneself away.

orgánico organic.

organismo organism.

organización [f] organization.

organizador [adj] organizing. ▲ [m] organizer. ° comité organizador, comisión organizadora committee on arrangements.

organizar to organize Van a organizar el club la semana que viene. They're going to organize the club next week. ▲ to arrange, organize Organizó una fiesta. She arranged a party.

órgano organ La cantante fué acompañada por un órgano. The singer was accompanied by an organ. — No tiene órgano sano. He hasn't a healthy organ in his body. — Ese periódico es el órgano de un partido político. That paper's the organ of a political party.

orgía drunken revel, orgy.

orgullo pride.

orgulloso proud, haughty.

oriental [adj] eastern; Oriental. ▲ [n] Oriental.

orientarse to find one's bearings, to orient oneself.

oriente [m] east; Orient.

origen [m] origin Sé el origen de toda la historia. I know the origin of the whole story. ▲ descent, extraction Es de origen francés. He's of French descent.

original original; eccentric, odd Es un tipo muy original. He's a very eccentric person. ▲ [m] original Haga Ud. el original y tres copias. Make an original and three copies.

originalidad [f] originality; oddity, eccentricity.

originar to start Aquella frase originó una discusión. That sentence started a discussion.

orilla bank Las orillas del río estaban cubiertas de árboles. The banks of the river were heavily wooded. ▲ edge, rim La orilla de la taza está rota. The rim of the cup's chipped. ° orilla del mar seashore.

oro gold.

orquesta orchestra (musicians).

ortografía spelling (in writing).

os you, to you [Fam pl, Sp; see vosotros] Os he dicho que no lo hagáis más. I told you not to do it again.

osadía audacity, daring, boldness.

oso, osa bear.

ostentación [f] ostentation.

ostentar to boast, show off.

ostión [m] oyster [Mex].

ostra oyster.

otoño autumn, fall.

otro another, other Este otro me gusta más. I like this other one better. ▲ another ¿Quiere Ud. otro? Would you like another? ° alguna otra cosa something (or anything) else ¿Quiere Ud. alguna otra cosa? Do you want anything else? ° (el) uno a(l) otro each other Se miraron (el) uno a(l) otro con sorpresa. They looked at each other in surprise. ° otra cosa something else, something different Eso es otra cosa. That's something else. ° otra vez again ¿Volverá Ud. otra vez por aquí? Will you come here again? ° por otra parte on the other hand. ° unos a otros one another Se miraron unos a otros. They looked at each other.

ovación [f] ovation, cheering.

oveja sheep.

oxígeno oxygen.

oyente [m, f] hearer, listener.

P

paciencia patience, forbearance.

paciente [adj] patient ¡Qué niño más paciente! What a patient child! ▲ [n] patient No se puede visitar a los pacientes después de las seis. Patients may not be visited after six o'clock.

pacto agreement, pact.

padecer [-zc-] to suffer Padezco de jaquecas. I suffer from headaches.

padre [m] father. ▲ priest Llamaron a un padre. They called a priest. ° padres [m] parents Sus padres son franceses. His parents are French.

padrino godfather Fué a ver a su padrino. He went to see his godfather. ▲ patron, sponsor Tiene muy buenos padrinos. He has very good sponsors.

paella dish of rice with meat or chicken.

paga wages, pay.

pagador [m] paying teller, paymaster.

pagar to pay Hay que pagar por anticipado. You have to pay in advance. ▲ to pay for Pagaron el traje a plazos. They paid for the suit in installments. ° pagar contra recepción C.O.D. ° pagar el pato to be the scapegoat, take the rap Siempre me toca pagar el pato. I'm always the one who takes the rap. ° pagarlas to pay for (atone for) ¡Tarde o temprano me la pagarás! Sooner or later you'll pay for it. or I'll get even with you! ° pagarse de uno mismo to be conceited Se paga mucho de si mismo. He's very conceited.

página page (of a book).

pago payment.

país [m] country Esa parte del país está llena de bosques. That part of the country's heavily wooded. ° del país domestic ¿Le gusta Ud. el vino del país? Do you like the domestic wine?

paisaje [m] landscape, scenery. paisano, paisana person from same province or city Este señor es gallego; es paisano mío. This gentleman's a Galician; he's from my province. ▲ civilian En la plaza había algunos militares y muchos paisanos. In the square there were some army men and many civilians. ° de paisano in civilian clothes, in mufti Iba vestido de paisano. He was wearing civilian clothes.

paja straw. ° echarlo a pajas to draw straws Vamos a echarlo a pajas para ver quien paga. Let's draw straws to see who pays.

pájaro, pájara bird Más vale pájaro en mano que ciento volando. ▲ bird in the hand's worth two in the bush.

pala spade, shovel; dust pan.

palabra word ¿Cómo se escribe esa palabra? How do you spell that word? ° decir de palabra to tell in person, to tell by word of mouth Es mejor que se lo diga de palabra que no por escrito. It's better to tell him in person than in writing. ° ¡ palabra ! honestly! no fooling! no kidding! Lo que le dijo es cierto ¡palabra! No kidding! What he told him's true. ° palabra de honor word of honor Dio su palabra de honor. He gave his word of honor. ° palabras mayores no joking matter, insulting Esas son palabras mayores. That's no joking matter. or It's insulting. ° pedir (or tener) la palabra "¡Pido la palabra!" "Un momento, por favor. Ahora la tiene el presidente." "May I have the floor?" "One moment, please. The president has the floor now."

palacio palace.

palco box (theater).

pálido pale.

paliza beating, spanking.

palma palm (leaf, tree) La avenida estaba bordeada de palmas. The avenue was lined with palms. ▲ palm (hand) Conozco este lugar como la palma de la mano. I know this place like the palm of my hand. ° llevar la palma to win the prize, carry the day Me parece que te has llevado la palma. I think you've won the prize.

palmada clapping; pat (on the back). ° dar palmadas to clap, applaud.

palmo span (measure of length: 8 inches) .

palo stick Tenía un palo en la mano. He had a stick in his hand. ▲ pole El palo del telégrafo cayó en tierra. The telegraph pole fell on the ground. ▲ wood La cuchara y el tenedor eran de palo. The spoon and fork were made of wood. ▲ tree [Am] Los palos están en flor. The trees are in bloom. ▲ suit (in cards) ¿Qué palo es el triunfo? What's trumps? ° dar de palos to club, beat Le dieron de palos. They gave him a beating.

paloma pigeon, dove.

palpitante [adj] throbbing, beating.

palpitar to beat, throb, quiver.

pampa pampa, plain [Arg]. ° estar a la pampa to be outdoors, camp [Am].

pan [m] bread. ° pan integral whole-wheat bread. ° pan seco, pan duro stale bread. ° pan tierno fresh bread.

panadería bakery.

panadero, panadera baker.

panamericano Pan-American.

pandereta tambourine.

pandillero gangster [Am].

panecillo roll (bread) Los panecillos están muy tiernos. The rolls are very soft.

pánico panic, fright.

panorama [m] panorama.

pantalla lamp shade Cambie la pantalla de esta lámpara. Change the shade on this lamp. ▲ film, screen, movie Conocía a muchas estrellas de la pantalla. He knew many movie stars.

pantalones [m pl] trousers, pants.

pantano swamp, marsh, bog.

pantomima pantomime.

pantorrilla calf (of the leg).

panza belly, paunch.

pañal [m] diaper.

pañito small cloth.

paño cloth, woolen goods.

pañuelo handkerchief, kerchief; shawl.

Papa [m] Pope El Papa reside en el Vaticano. The Pope lives in the Vatican.

papa [f] potato [Am] Nos dieron puré de papas. They gave us mashed potatoes.

papá [m] papa, pop, dad.

papaya papaya (fruit).

papel [m] paper ¿Está hecho de papel o de tela? Is it made of paper or cloth? ▲ paper, document Guarda esos papeles, son importantes. Keep those papers; they're important. ▲ role, part Tendrá a su cargo el papel principal. He'll have the leading role. ° papel de cartas stationery He comprado una caja de papel de cartas. I bought a box of stationery. ° papel de seda tissue paper Envuélvalo primero en papel de seda. Wrap it first in tissue paper. ° papel moneda paper money, bills Démelo en papel moneda. Give it to me in bills.

papelería stationery store.

papeleta slip of paper. ° papeleta electoral ballot.

papera mumps.

par [adj] even (of numbers) Las casas con números pares están al norte. The houses with even numbers are on the north side. ▲ [m] equal Es una mujer sin par. She has no equal. ▲ pair Un par de zapatos. A pair of shoes. ▲ couple Llegará dentro de un par de días. He'll arrive in a couple of days. ° abierto de par en par wide open La puerta estaba abierta de par en par. The door was wide open. ° a la par at par La peseta estaba a la par. The peseta was at par. ▲ in a tie, in a dead heat Los caballos llegaban a la par. The horses finished in a dead heat. ° pares y (or o) nones odds and (or or) evens ¿Toma Ud. pares o nones? Do you take odds or evens?

para to, in order to Debemos salir ya para llegar a tiempo. We must leave now to get there on time. ° estar para (followed by infinitive) to be about to Estoy para salir. I'm about to leave. ° ¿para dónde? where (to) ? ¿Para dónde va este tren? Where does this train go? ° para que so (that) Abra la ventana para que nos entre el aire fresco. Open the window so we can get some fresh air. ° ¿para qué? what for? what good? what use? ¿Para qué sirve esta máquina? What's this machine for? ▲ why? ¿Para qué lo despertó? Why did you wake him?

parachoques [m sg] bumper (of car).

parada stop ¿Cuántas paradas hace este tren? How many stops does this train make? ▲ parade (military) Vio Ud. la parada esta mañana? Did you see the parade this morning?

paradero whereabouts ¿Sabe Ud. el paradero de Juan? Do you know John's whereabouts?

parado (see parar) shy, timid El chico es parado. The boy's shy. ▲ suspended, shut down Está parada la fábrica. The factory's shut down. ▲ unemployed ¿Hay muchos obreros parados estos días? Are there many unemployed workers at present? ▲ standing [Am] He estado parado mucho rato. I've been standing quite a while.

paraguas [m sg] umbrella.

paraíso paradise, heaven; upper gallery (in a theater).

paralelo parallel, corresponding.

paralizar to paralyze.

parar to stop Tuvieron que parar a medio camino. They had to stop halfway there. ▲ to stake, bet [Am] Con estas cartas yo voy a parar cincuenta pesos. With these cards I'm going to bet fifty pesos. ▲ to stop (over), stay ¿En qué hotel pararán sus amigos? What hotel will your friends stay at? ▲ to end up, turn out No paró bien aquel negocio. That business didn't turn out very well. ° ir (or venir) a parar to land finally, end up ¿Cómo ha venido a parar esto aquí? How in the world did this get here? ° parar de to stop No para de llover desde ayer. It hasn't stopped raining since yesterday. ° parar la oreja to prick up one's ears Paró la oreja para oír lo que decíamos. He pricked up his ears to hear what we were saying. ° pararse to stop, halt Al llegar a la puerta se paró. When he got to the door he stopped. ▲ to stand up, get up [Am] Se pararon al verla llegar. They got up when they saw her coming.

parcial partial.

pardo dark-gray; brown Tiene ojos pardos. He has brown eyes. ▲ [n] mulatto [Am].

parecer [-zc-] to look, appear Parece que va a llover hoy. It looks as though it'd rain today. ▲ to seem Me parece muy bien. It seems all right to me. ▲ [m] opinion Me gustaría saber cuál es su parecer en este asunto. I'd like to know what your opinion is in this matter. ° al parecer apparently Al parecer vendrá la semana próxima. Apparently he's coming next week. ° parecerse to be alike Los dos se parecen mucho. The two of them are very much alike. ° según parece as it seems, apparently Según parece lloverá toda la tarde. Apparently it'll rain all afternoon. parecido like, similar Los dos trabajos son muy parecidos. The two jobs are very similar. ▲ [m] resemblance El parecido entre padre e hijo es muy claro. The resemblance between father and son is very clear. ° bien parecido good-looking Su hijo es muy bien parecido. Your son's very good-looking. ° parecido a like, similar to Yo tengo un traje muy parecido al suyo. I have a suit very much like yours.

pared [f] wall.

pareja pair ¡Gano, tengo dos parejas! I win; I have two pairs. ▲ team Esos dos tenistas hacen muy buena pareja. Those two tennis players make a very good team. ▲ couple Vi una pareja de soldados en el parque. I saw a couple of soldiers in the park. — Hacen muy buena pareja. They make a good couple. ▲ dancing partner Su pareja baila muy bien. Your partner dances very well.

parejo [adj] neck and neck Los dos caballos iban parejos en la carrera. The two horses were running neck and neck. ▲ equal, the same Sus caracteres son parejos. Their characters are the same.

pariente [m, f] relative.

parlamento parliament; parley.

paro stoppage; unemployment; strike.

parpadear to blink, wink.

párpado eyelid.

parque [m] park Paseamos por el parque. We strolled through the park. ▲ ammunition [Am] Se les acabó el parque. They ran out of ammunition.

párrafo paragraph.

parranda binge Se pasaron toda la noche de parranda. We were on a binge all night.

parte [f] part ¿En qué parte de la ciudad vive Ud.? What part of the city do you live in? — ¿Qué parte del pollo le gusta más? What part of the chicken do you like best? ▲ share Cada uno pagó su parte. Each paid his share. ▲ party (legal) Hicieron comparecer a ambas partes ante el juez. They summoned both parties before the judge. ▲ [m] report Envíeme el parte mañana. Send me the report tomorrow. ° dar parte to inform, notify Dieron parte del robo a la policía. They notified the police of the robbery. ° de mi parte on my behalf Déle recuerdos de mi parte. Remember me to him. ° de parte de in the name of, on behalf of Telefoneo de parte del Sr. Gómez. I'm calling on behalf of Mr. Gómez. ° en alguna otra parte somewhere else He debido dejar mi billete en alguna otra parte. I must have left my ticket somewhere else. ° en parte partly, in part Tiene Ud. razón sólo en parte. You're only partly right. ° en todas partes everywhere Se le ve siempre en todas partes. He's seen everywhere. ° parte de guerra (war) communique ¿Ha leído Ud. el parte de guerra? Have you read the communique? ° por mi parte as for me, as far as I'm concerned Por mi parte no hay inconveniente. It's all right as far as I'm concerned. ° por (or a) partes in parts Hagamos el trabajo por partes iguales. Let's do the work in equal parts. ° tomar parte to take part ¿Tomará parte Ud. en el proximo campeonato de golf? Are you taking part in the next golf tournament?

participante participating. ▲ [n] participant.

participar to announce Participaron a las amistades su próximo matrimonio. They announced to their friends their coming marriage. ° participar de to share, share in Participaremos de las ganancias. We'll share the profits. — Los hijos participaron de la fortuna de su padre. The children shared in their father's fortune. ° participar en to take part in Participó en las olimpiadas de 1936. He took part in the 1936 Olympic games.

particular special, particular Es un caso muy particular. It's a very special case. ▲ private Esta es una casa particular. This is a private house. ▲ odd, peculiar Es una persona muy particular. He's a very peculiar person. ° en particular particularly, especially Me gustan todos los deportes, pero el tenis en particular. I like all sports, but particularly tennis. ° nada de particular nothing special, nothing unusual Esa casa no tiene nada de particular. There's nothing unusual about that house.

partida departure La hora de la partida de los trenes está indicada en el horario. Train departures are listed in the timetable. ▲ item (in an account) Asiente Ud. Esta partida en el libro correspondiente. Enter this item in the right book. ▲ game ¿Echamos una partida de cartas? Shall we play a game of cards? ▲ certificate (of birth, marriage, death) Partida de nacimiento. Birth certificate. — Partida de casamiento or boda. Marriage license. — Partida de defunción. Death certificate. ▲ band, gang Fueron atacados por una partida de ladrones. They were attacked by a band of thieves. ° jugarle una mala partida to play a dirty trick on, double-cross Le jugó una mala partida. She played a dirty trick on him.

partidario follower Este señor es uno de sus partidarios más antiguos. This gentleman's one of his oldest followers.

partido broken, divided La cuerda está partida en dos. The string's broken in two. ▲ [m] party, faction Pertenecen al mismo partido. They belong to the same party. ▲ match, game ¿Quiere Ud. ver el partido de fútbol? Would you like to see the football game? ° sacar partido de to profit by Ese hombre saca partido de todo. That man profits by everything.

partir to split Partió la manzana en dos. He split the apple in two. ▲ to divide Partieron el terreno en varios lotes. They divided the land into several lots. ▲ to cut Partamos un poco de leña para el fuego. Let's cut some wood for the fire. ▲ to break, crush Esta máquina sirve para partir las piedras. This machine's for crushing stones. ▲ to divide (mathematics) Parta Ud. 250 entre 3. Divide 250 by 3. ▲ to leave Si partimos por la noche llegaremos durante el día. If we leave at night, we'll arrive during the day. ▲ to start, reckon Ud. parte de un supuesto equivocado. You're starting with a false assumption. ° partirse to break Al partirse el hielo, cayeron al agua. When the ice broke they fell into the water.

pasa (see paso) raisin.

pasado last Estas cartas llegaron la semana pasada. These letters came last week. ▲ spoiled La fruta está pasado. The fruit's spoiled. ▲ [m] past Esa mujer tiene un pasado muy romántico. That woman has a very romantic past. ° pasado de moda out of date, out of style Está pasado de moda. It's out of date. ° pasado mañana day after tomorrow Me dijeron que vendrían pasado mañana. They told me they'd come day after tomorrow.

pasaje [m] crossing, journey, voyage Hicimos el pasaje a Europa en siete días. We made the crossing to Europe in seven days. ▲ fare ¿Cuánto cuesta un pasaje en primera a La Habana? How much is the fare to Havana, first-class? ▲ passage Citó un pasaje del Quijote. He quoted a passage from Don Quixote. ▲ arcade Dentro de este edificio hay un pasaje. There's an arcade in this building. ▲ number of passengers on a ship, plane, etc. El pasaje del avión estaba completo. All seats on the plane were taken.

pasajero passing, transitory Es solamente una lluvia pasajera. It's only a passing shower. ▲ [n] passenger Los pasajeros tienen que enseñar sus billetes a la entrada. Passengers must show their tickets at the gate.

pasamanos [m sg] rail, banister.

pasaporte [m] passport.

pasar to pass, overtake Pasemos ese carro, nos retrasa mucho. Let's pass that car, he's holding us up. ▲ to pass, hand Haga el favor de pasarme el azúcar. Please pass me the sugar. ▲ to pass, go through Tuvimos que pasar muchos túneles. We had to go through a number of tunnels. ▲ to cross Debemos pasar el puente durante la noche. We must cross the bridge at night. ▲ to move, transfer Tienen que pasar al enfermo a otro cuarto. They have to move the patient to another room. ▲ to happen ¿Que pasó anoche? What happened last night? ▲ to spend Pasa los domingos en la playa. He spends his Sundays at the beach. ▲ to come (or go) in Pase Ud. y siéntese. Come in and sit down. ▲ to tolerate, overlook Ella le pasa todas sus faltas. She overlooks all his faults. ▲ to get along, make out Pasa muy bien con lo que gana. He gets along very well on what he earns. ▲ to pass (at cards) Paso. I pass. ▲ to pass, stop (of rain, snow, etc) La lluvia pasará pronto. The rain'll stop soon. ° pasar de largo to go (or pass) right by, pass by without stopping No se demore, pase Ud. de largo. Don't delay. Pass by without stopping. ° pasar de moda to go out of style. ° pasar el rato to kill time, pass the time away ¿Cómo pasaremos el rato? How shall we kill time? ° pasar (la) lista to call the roll Dentro de un momento pasarán (la) lista. In a moment they'll call the roll. ° pasarlo bien to have a good time La otra noche lo pasamos muy bien. We had a very good time the other night. ° pasar por alto to skip, overlook Pasé por alto esa página. I skipped that page. ° pasarse to go over Se pasó al partido contrario. He went over to the other party. ▲ to slip one's mind ¡Se me pasó completamente! It completely slipped my mind. ° pasarse de ... to be too ... Se pasa de listo. He thinks he's smart. ° pasársele a uno to get over (a state of mind), pass from Se enfadó, pero se le pasó pronto. He got angry but he soon got over it. ° pasarse sin to do (or get along) without Podemos pasar muy bien sin automóvil. We can get along very well without a car.

pasatiempo pastime, amusement.

Pascua ° Pascua florida, Pascua de resurrección Easter Celebran mucho la Pascua de resurrección. They have a big Easter celebration. ° pascuas Christmas ¡Felices Pascuas! Merry Christmas ! ° estar como unas pascuas to be beaming all over.

pase [m] pass, permit.

pasear to stroll, take a walk Ibamos paseando por el parque cuando la vimos. We were taking a walk through the park when we saw her. ▲ to go for a ride (car, horse, bicycle) Le gustaba pasear a caballo. She liked to go horseback riding. ° pasearse to pace the floor Estuvo paseándose toda la noche. He paced the floor all night.

paseo walk En este lugar hay lindos paseos. There are beautiful walks here. ° dar un paseo to stroll, take a walk ¿Le gustaría dar un paseo por el parque? Would you like to take a walk in the park?

pasillo passage, corridor.

pasión [f] emotion, passion.

paso dried (of fruits). ° ciruela pasa prune.

paso step Dio unos cuantos pasos y se paró. He took a few steps and stopped. ▲ gait Este caballo tiene un paso excelente. This horse has a fine gait. ▲ progress Ha dado un gran paso en sus estudios. He's made great progress in his studies. ▲ pass (mountain) El paso es peligroso por la noche. The pass is dangerous at night. ° abrir paso to open a passage, make way Los policías abrieron paso para el coche del Presidente. The policemen opened a passage for the President's car. ° abrirse paso to get through Hay tanta gente que es muy difícil abrirse paso. There's such a crowd that it's very hard to get through. ° apretar el paso to hurry, hasten Apretemos el paso para llegar a tiempo. Let's hurry and get there on time. ° de paso in passing Aludió a la situación política solamente de paso. He referred to the political situation only in passing. ° paso a paso step by step, little by little Paso a paso se hizo una posición. Little by little he made a place for himself. ° salir del paso to get by Estudia sólo lo suficiente para salir del paso. He only studies enough to get by. ° salir de un paso to get out of a tough spot Será difícil que Ud. salga de ese paso. It'll be hard for you to get out of that tough spot. || Prohibido el paso. No trespassing. or Keep out.

pasta paste, batter Hicieron una pasta de harina de maíz. They made a paste of corn meal. ▲ pie crust La pasta es muy buena. The pie crust's very good. ▲ plastic El cenicero era de pasta. The ashtray was made of plastic. ▲ "dough" (money) Ese muchacho tiene mucha pasta. That fellow has a lot of dough. ▲ tea cake Tomaron té con pastas. They had tea and cakes. ▲ binding, cover (of a book) Leía un libro de pasta roja. He was reading a book with a red cover. ° de buena pasta good-natured Ese hombre es de muy buena pasta. He's a very good-natured man. ° pasta de dientes toothpaste ¿Venden Uds. pasta de dientes? Do you sell toothpaste? ° sopa de pasta noodle soup.

pastel [m] pie Nos sirvieron pastel de cerezas. They served us cherry pie.

pastelería pastry shop; pastry.

pasteurizado pasteurized.

pastilla tablet, drop ¿Tiene Ud. algunas pastillas contra la tos? Do you have any cough drops?

pasto pasture; grass. ° a (todo) pasto aplenty, galore Teníamos comida a todo pasto. We had food galore.

pastor [m] shepherd.

pata foot, leg (of an animal) Cogieron al perro de una pata. They caught the dog by the leg. ▲ leg (furniture) La pata de la mesa está quebrada. The table leg's broken. ° a cuatro patas on all fours, creeping. ° meter la pata to pull a boner, to put one's foot in it Ten cuidado no metas la pata. Be careful not to put your foot in it.

patada kick.

patata potato [Sp].

patente evident Era patente que quería pedirle a Ud. dinero. It was evident that he wanted to borrow some money from you. ▲ [f] patent Deberá sacar una patente de su invento. You should take out a patent on your invention.

patinador, patinadora skater.

patinar to skate; to skid, slip.

patio patio, courtyard El patio es característico en las casas españolas. The patio's characteristic of Spanish houses. ° patio de butacas orchestra (theater).

patizambo bow-legged.

pato, pata duck.

patojo lame, crippled [Am] Quedó patojo después de la caída. His fall left him lame. ▲ [n] kid, urchin [Am] Un patojo me enseñó el camino. A kid showed me the way.

patria fatherland, native land.

patriota [m, f] patriot.

patriótico patriotic.

patriotismo patriotism.

patrón [m] boss Lo ha ordenado el patrón. The boss has ordered it. ▲ employer. ▲ patron saint Santiago, patrón de España. Saint James, patron saint of Spain. ▲ pattern Estos patrones para hacer vestidos son muy prácticos. These dress patterns are very practical. ° patrón de barca skipper (of small boat) .

patronal [adj] of the employers Las representaciones patronales y obreras han llegado a un acuerdo. The representatives of the employers and workers have reached an agreement.

patrono employer; patron saint.

pausa rest; break. ° hacer una pausa to take a break, to pause Vamos a hacer una pausa de cinco minutos. Let's take a fiveminute break.

pausar to pause, hesitate.

pava pot, kettle [Arg]; turkey hen.

pavada nonsense, foolishness [Arg].

pavimentar to pave.

pavimento pavement.

pavo turkey cock. ° pavo real peacock.

payar to sing to the accompaniment of a guitar [Arg].

payaso clown.

paz [f] peace Que en paz descanse. May he rest in peace. ° estar (or quedar) en paz to be even, be quits Cuando le dé tres dólares estaremos en paz. When I give you three dollars, we'll be square. ° hacer las paces to make up, patch up (differences), become reconciled Me alegra que hayan hecho las paces. I'm glad they've made up.

pecado sin.

pecar to sin.

pecho chest, bosom.

pedazo piece, bit Le dio un pedazo de pan. She gave him a piece of bread. ° hacerse pedazos to break into pieces, shatter El florero se hizo pedazos al caer al suelo. The vase broke into pieces when it fell on the floor.

pedido order, shipment.

pedir [rad-ch III] to ask for Tengo que pedirle permiso. I have to ask him for permission. ▲ to ask, request ¿Por qué no pide que le sirvan más temprano? Why don't you ask them to serve you earlier? ▲ to order He pedido mil copias. I've ordered a thousand copies. ° pedir de boca according to desire Todo salió a pedir de boca. Everything worked out according to our desires. ° pedir limosna to beg for alms.

pegadizo catchy Es una música muy pegadiza. It's a very catchy tune.

pegajoso sticky.

pegar to stick, glue, cement ¿Con qué pegaron esto? What did they glue this with? ▲ to post Pegaron un cartel en la pared. They posted a sign on the wall. ▲ to sew (on) Tiene Ud. que pegarle botones a esta camisa. You have to sew buttons on this shirt. ▲ to infect with, communicate Me pegó el catarro. He infected me with his cold, or I caught his cold. ▲ to hit, beat, strike Le pegó con un bastón. He beat him with a cane. ° pegar (le) fuego a to set fire to Le pegaron fuego a la casa. They set fire to the house. ° pegarse to be catching Todo se pega menos la belleza. Everything's catching except beauty. ▲ to adhere, stick Este papel se ha pegado a la mesa. This paper's stuck to the table.

peinado (see peinar) combed. ▲ [m] hair-do.

peinador [m] hairdresser; hairdressing cape.

peinar to comb, do the hair of Peinó a la niña con trenzas. She did the child's hair in braids. ° peinarse to comb one's hair, fix one's hair Está peinándose. She's fixing her hair.

peine [m] comb (for hair).

peineta comb (for hair).

pelado (see pelar) picked, plucked; "skinned." ▲ [n] peasant [Mex], pelar to peel Esta fruta no se puede comer sin pelar. You can't eat this fruit without peeling it. ▲ to pick, pluck (fowl) La cocinera peló los pollos. The cook picked the chickens. ▲ to fleece, skin En ese negocio me pelaron. They skinned me in that deal. ° pelarse to peel off Esta pintura se está pelando. This paint's peeling off. ▲ to get one's hair cut Hoy tengo que ir a pelarme. I have to get my hair cut today.

pelea fight, brawl, quarrel; bout.

pelear to fight Pelearon durante muchas horas. They fought for hours. ▲ to quarrel Son amigos, pero pelean mucho. They're friends, but they often quarrel.

película film Necesito un rollo de película. I need a roll of film. ▲ picture, movie Hoy dan una película muy buena. There's a very good picture today.

peligro danger Hubo peligro de que se incendiara la casa. There was danger of the house catching fire. ° correr peligro to run a risk Corrió peligro de perder todo su dinero. He ran the risk of losing all his money.

peligroso dangerous, risky.

pellejo skin, hide (of animals); wine skin. ° estar en el pellejo de otro to be in another's shoes No querría yo estar en su pellejo. I wouldn't like to be in his shoes. ° jugarse el pellejo to risk one's life. ° quitarle a uno el pellejo to gossip about, flay Le quitan el pellejo a todo el mundo. They gossip about everybody.

pellizcar to pinch.

pelo hair Tiene el pelo negro y los ojos castaños. He has black hair and brown eyes. ° en pelo bareback Sabía montar en pelo. He could ride bareback. ° ne tener pelos en la lengua to be outspoken Esa muchacha no tiene pelos en la lengua. That girl's very outspoken. ° pelos y señales minute details Lo contó con pelos y señales. He told it in minute detail. ° tomar el pelo to pull one's leg Creo que me estás tomando el pelo. I think you're pulling my leg. ° venir a pelo to be to the point Lo que dijo no venía muy a pelo. What he said wasn't to the point.

pelota ball (for games).

peluca wig, toupee.

peluquería barber shop; beauty parlor.

peluquero barber, hairdresser.

pena penalty Sufrieron una severa pena por lo que hicieron. They paid a severe penalty for what they did. ▲ pain, sorrow Le dio mucha pena la muerte de su primo. His cousin's death caused him great sorrow. ▲ trouble Han pasado muchas penas. They've suffered a great deal of trouble. ▲ embarrassment, chagrin [Am] Me da mucha pena. It's very embarrassing. ° a duras penas with great difficulty Llegaron a duras penas. They had a hard time getting here. ° pena capital, pena de muerte death, capital punishment Lo condenaron a la pena capital. They condemned him to death. ° tener la pena de to have the misfortune to Tuvo la pena de perder a su padre. He had the misfortune to lose his father. ° valer la pena to be worth (while) No vale la pena hacerlo. It's not worth doing.

pendiente pending Tenemos un asunto pendiente con ellos. We have some unfinished business with them. ▲ [f] drop, slope La pendiente era muy pronunciada. The slope was very steep. ° pendientes [m pl] earrings Le regaló unos pendientes de brillantes. He gave her diamond earrings.

penetrante penetrating, piercing.

penetrar to penetrate, go in La bala penetró hasta el hueso. The bullet penetrated to the bone. ▲ to determine, make out Es difícil penetrar sus pensamientos. It's hard to make out what he thinks.

peninsula peninsula. penoso arduous, hard Aquel trabajo era muy penoso. That was very hard work. ▲ embarrassing, unpleasant Sería penoso decírselo. It'd be embarrassing to tell him.

pensamiento thought, idea Sus pensamientos son muy elevados. His thoughts are very lofty. ▲ pansy (flower).

pensar [rad-ch I] to think ¡Yo pensaba que Ud. estaba en Chile! I thought you were in Chile ! ▲ to intend, plan ¿Adonde piensa Ud. ir mañana? Where do you intend to go tomorrow? ° pensar de to think of, have an opinion of ¿Qué piensa Ud. de Juan? What do you think of John? ° pensar en to think of, about, or over ¿En qué piensas? What are you thinking about?

pensativo pensive, thoughtful.

pensión [f] pension; boarding house.

peña rock, boulder. ▲ group of friends La peña se reunía en el Café Universal. The group of friends used to meet in Café Universal.

peón [m] workman, day laborer [Am]. ▲ pawn (chess). ▲ top (plaything). ° jugar al peón to spin the top.

peonza top (plaything). ° bailar como una peonza to dance well, be light on one's feet.

peor worse Hoy me encuentro peor. I'm worse today. ▲ worst Es el peor de todos. He's the worst of all. ° de mal en peor from bad to worse. ° tanto peor so much the worse Tanto peor para él. So much the worse for him.

pepa seed, stone, pit [Am].

pepino cucumber.

pequeño small, little Vive en un cuarto muy pequeño. He lives in a very small room. ▲ [m] child Los pequeños están en la escuela. The children are in school.

pera pear.

percha rack (for hat or clothes); hanger, coat hanger.

perder [rad-ch I] to lose Tenga mucho cuidado no pierda esos papeles. Be careful you don't lose those papers. — Jugó y perdió. He gambled and lost. ▲ to miss Perdimos el tren. We missed the train. ▲ to ruin, disgrace (morally, socially) A esa muchacha la perdió su amor al lujo. Love of luxury ruined that girl. ° echar a perder to ruin, spoil Me ha echado Ud. a perder el traje. You've ruined my suit. ° echarse a perder to spoil La carne se echó a perder con el calor. The meat spoiled because of the heat. ▲ to become spoiled El niño se echó a perder con las malas compañías. The boy was spoiled by the bad company he kept. ° perder de vista to lose sight of Al volver la esquina le perdimos de vista. When we turned the corner we lost sight of him. ° perder la vista to go blind. ° perderse to go to the dogs Se perdió con la bebida. He went to the dogs because he liked to drink. ▲ to get sour, turn, become spoiled La fruta se va a perder porque está demasiado madura. The fruit's going to spoil because it's overripe. ▲ to get lost Se perdió porque no conocía bien la ciudad. He got lost because he didn't know the city very well. ° perderse de vista to drop out of sight.

pérdida loss El enemigo sufrió muchas pérdidas. The enemy suffered great losses.

perdido (see perder) lost. ▲ [m] black sheep (person). ▲ perdida [f] loose woman.

perdón [m] forgiveness Me pidió perdón por no haber contestado a mi carta. He asked my forgiveness for not having answered my letter. ▲ pardon, reprieve El perdón del gobernador le salvó la vida. The governor's pardon saved his life. || ¡Perdón! Pardon me! or Excuse me!

perdonar to pardon Han perdonado a los criminales. They've pardoned the criminals. ▲ to forgive ¡Dios me perdone! God forgive me! ▲ to excuse, pardon ¡Perdone Ud.! Excuse me!

perecer [-zc-] to perish En la mina perecieron cincuenta hombres. Fifty men perished in the mine.

peregrino exotic, strange Tiene ideas muy peregrinas. He has very strange ideas.

perejil [m] parsley.

pereza laziness.

perezoso lazy.

perfección [f] perfection.

perfecto perfect.

perfil [m] profile; outline.

perfumar to perfume.

perfume [m] perfume.

pericia skill, expertness.

periódico [adj] periodic(al). ▲ [m] newspaper Lo he leído en el periódico de esta mañana. I read it in this morning's paper. periodista [m, f] journalist, newspaperman, newspaperwoman.

período period, term.

perito [adj; n] expert.

perjudicar to damage, hurt, injure.

perjudicial harmful, injurious.

perjuicio prejudice; damage, injury, harm; financial loss.

perla pearl. ° ser una perla to be a jewel Esa criada es una perla. That maid's a jewel.

permanecer [-zc-] to stay, remain.

permanente [adj] permanent. ▲ [f] permanent (wave).

permiso permission, license, permit. || Con permiso (lit., with your permission) If you don't mind. or Excuse me, please.

permitir to permit, allow.

pero [conj] but La ciudad es grande, pero no es muy hermosa. The city's large but it's not very attractive. ▲ [m] shortcoming, defect. ° no tener pero(s) to be faultless or flawless Ese trabajo no tiene peros. That work's flawless. ° poner pero(s) to find fault, object A este trabajo no se le puede poner ningún pero. You can't find fault with this job. || ¡No hay pero que valga! No buts about it!

perra female dog, bitch, slut.

perro dog.

persecución [f] persecution; pursuit.

perseguir [rad-ch III] to pursue Persiguieron a los fugitivos. They pursued the fugitives. ▲ to aim at ¿Qué fin persigue Ud.? What are you aiming at?

perseverancia perseverance.

persona person.

personaje [m] personage, big shot Debe ser un personaje. He must be an important person. ▲ character (in a play) El personaje principal es un viejo. The main character's an old man.

personal [adj] personal Esos son asuntos personales. Those are personal matters. ▲ [m] personnel Vaya Ud. a la oficina de personal. Go to the personnel office. ° cuestión personal personal quarrel Tuve una cuestión personal con él. I had a personal quarrel with him.

personalidad [f] personality, prominent person A la fiesta concurrieron muchas personalidades. Many prominent people attended the party.

persuadir to persuade, convince Le persuadió a que se quesdasen. He persuaded them to stay.

pertenecer [-zc-] to pertain to, concern. ▲ to belong to Este dinero no nos pertenece. This money doesn't belong to us.

perturbar to perturb, disturb.

perverso perverse, wicked.

pesa weight (object).

pesadez [f] boringness, dullness. ▲ persistence La pesadez de ese hombre me molesta. The persistence of that man annoys me.

pesadilla nightmare.

pesado (see pesar) heavy Esta maleta es muy pesada. This suitcase is very heavy. ▲ boring, dull, tiresome; persistent Es uno de esos tipos pesados. He's one of those boring people. ▲ sultry (of weather) ¡Qué tiempo tan pesado! What sultry weather! ▲ sound (of sleep) Tenía un sueño muy pesado. She slept soundly. ▲ stuffy En esta habitación hay una atmósfera muy pesada. The air in this room's very stuffy.

pesar to weigh Esta carta pesa demasiado. This letter weighs too much. ▲ to be weighty, important, count Su opinión pesa mucho. Your opinion counts a lot. ° pesarle a uno to regret, be sorry for No me pesa haberlo dicho. I don't regret having said it. ° pesarse to weigh oneself, get weighed Es aconsejable pesarse a menudo. It's advisable to get weighed frequently.

pesar [m] sorrow, remorse Su muerte causó gran pesar. His death caused great sorrow. ° a pesar de in spite of A pesar de todo, lo haremos. In spite of everything, we'll do it. ° tener pesar to be sorry Tengo gran pesar por lo que hice. I'm very sorry for what I did.

pesca fishing La pesca es un deporte agradable. Fishing's a pleasant sport. ▲ catch (of fish) Fué una gran pesca. It was a big catch. ° ir de pesca to go fishing.

pescado fish (caught).

pescador [m] fisherman.

pescar to fish ¿Le gusta a Ud. pescar? Do you like fishing? ▲ to catch, get, "hook" Ha pescado un buen marido. She hooked a good husband.

peseta peseta (monetary unit of Spain).

pesimista [adj] pessimistic. ▲ [n] pessimist.

pésimo [adj] the very worst. peso weight ¿Puede Ud. darme el peso en libras? Can you give me the weight in pounds? ▲ load Es demasiado peso para tí. That's too big a load for you. ▲ weight, burden, load Se me ha quitado un gran peso de encima. That's a big load off my mind. ▲ peso (monetary unit). ° caerse de su peso to be self-evident, go without saying Eso se cae de su peso. That goes without saying. ° de peso weighty, important La razón es de peso. The reason's important. ° exceso de peso excess weight.

pestaña eyelash.

pestañear to wink, blink.

peste [f] plague.

pestillo door latch, bolt Corre el pestillo. Bolt the door.

petaca cigarette case; [Am] suitcase.

petate [m] straw mat [Mex].

petición [f] petition; request.

petróleo petroleum.

pez [m] fish (in the water). ▲ [f] tar.

pianista [m, f] pianist.

piano piano.

pibe [m] kid, child [Arg].

picante spiced La comida mexicana es muy picante. Mexican food's highly spiced. ▲ risque, off-color Las historias que él cuenta son siempre un poco picantes. His stories are always a little off-color.

picar to sting, bite, eat (of insects) Lo picaron bien las avispas. The wasps stung him good and proper. — Esta tela está picada. This material's moth-eaten. ▲ to chop, grind up Hay que picar muy bien la carne. The meat has to be well ground up. ▲ to nibble El pez picó el cebo. The fish nibbled at the bait. ▲ to itch Me pica todo el cuerpo. I'm itching all over. ▲ to crush (stone). ▲ to burn Pica mucho el sol hoy. The sun burns today. ° picarse to be hurt, be offended Se picó por lo que le dijo él. She was hurt by what he said. ▲ to begin to spoil Está picándose la fruta. The fruit's beginning to spoil. ▲ to get rough El mar empieza a picarse. The sea's beginning to get rough.

picaro mischievous. ▲ [m] rascal, rogue.

picazón [m] itching, itch Tengo un picazón en la espalda. I have an itch on my back.

pichel [m] pitcher [Am].

picher [m] baseball pitcher [Am].

pichón [m] young pigeon, squab.

pico beak, bill ¡Qué pico más tremendo el de ese pájaro! What a huge bill that bird has ! ▲ sharp point, corner Me di un golpe con el pico de la mesa. I bumped against the corner of the table. ▲ pick, pickax Llevaba al hombro un pico y una pala. He was carrying a pick and shovel on his shoulder. ▲ spout Está roto el pico del jarro. The spout of the pitcher's broken. ▲ summit, peak Subimos hasta el pico más alto. We climbed up to the highest point. ▲ small amount over Me costó diez pesos y pico. It cost a little over ten pesos.

pie [m] foot Se lastimó un pie durante el juego. He hurt his foot during the game. — Un metro tiene un poco más de tres pies. ▲ meter's a little over three feet. — Estaba sentado al pie de la cama. He was sitting at the foot of the bed. ▲ base El pie de esa lámpara está roto. The base of that lamp's broken. ° al pie de la letra thoroughly Sabe el asunto al pie de la letra. He knows the subject thoroughly. ° a pie on foot Iremos a pie. We'll go on foot. ° de pie standing Tuvieron que ir de pie en el tren. They had to stand in the train. ° en pie pending, undecided Aun están en pie nuestros proyectos. Our plans are still up in the air. || A los pies de Ud., señora. At your service, madam.

piedad [f] piety; pity.

piedra stone.

piel [f] skin Tiene la piel muy delicada. He has a very delicate skin. ▲ leather Este calzado está hecho con una piel muy fina. These shoes are made of very fine leather. ▲ fur La piel de zorro es muy cara. Fox fur's very expensive. ▲ skin, peel A esta fruta es muy difícil quitarle la piel. This fruit's hard to peel. ° abrigo de pieles fur coat Me gustaría tener tin abrigo de pieles. I'd like to have a fur coat.

pierna leg Perdió una pierna en la guerra. He lost a leg in the war.

pieza part (of a machine) Se ha perdido una pieza de la máquina. ▲ part of the machine's been lost. ▲ bolt (of cloth) Necesitamos una pieza de esa tela para las cortinas. We need a bolt of that material for the curtains. ▲ room La casa tiene varias piezas grandes. The house has several large rooms. ▲ play Vimos una pieza muy graciosa anoche. We saw a very amusing play last night. ▲ piece (of music) Toque Ud. una pieza en el piano. Play a piece on the piano. ▲ man (piece in games) Falta una pieza en este juego. One of the men's missing in this game. ° buena pieza fine guy (ironical) ¡Ud. es una buena pieza! You're a fine guy!

pijama [m in Sp, f in Am] pajamas.

pila stone trough, basin. ▲ sink Vacíe Ud. la pila. Empty the sink. ▲ battery (electrical) Hay que cambiar las pilas a esta linterna. The batteries in this flashlight have to be changed. ▲ pile Había una pila de cosas en el cuarto. There was a pile of things in the ropm. ° pila de bautismo baptismal font. ° nombre de pila Christian name, given name.

pilar [m] pillar, column, post.

pildora pill, pellet.

pillo petty thief; rascal.

piloto pilot.

pimentón [m] red pepper; paprika.

pimienta pepper (spice).

pimiento pepper (vegetable).

pino pine, pine tree.

pintado (see pintar) ° como el más pintado as (or with) the best of them Puede hacerlo como el más pintado. He can hold his own with the best of them.

pintar to paint Van a pintar esta habitación. They're going to paint this room. ° pintarse to make up Esa muchacha se pinta demasiado. That girl uses too much make-up. ° pintarse solo para to have great talent for Se pinta solo para ganar dinero. He has great talent for making money.

pintor [m], pintora painter.

pintoresco picturesque.

pintura painting, picture Las pinturas que se exhiben aquí son muy valiosas. The paintings exhibited here are very valuable. ▲ paint Dé Ud. dos manos de pintura. Put on two coats of paint.

pina pineapple.

piojo louse.

pipa pipe (smoking); cask, hogshead.

pique [m] resentment. ° echar a pique to sink Echaron a pique muchas naves de guerra. Many warships were sunk. ° tener un pique con to have a grudge against.

piquete [m] bite, small wound.

piropo compliment, flattery.

pisar to step on, tread on.

piscina pool, swimming pool.

piso floor, flooring Los pisos de esta casa son de madera. This house has wood floors. ▲ floor, story Vive en el tercer piso. He lives on the third floor. ° piso bajo ground floor El piso bajo está desalquilado. The ground floor's vacant.

pistola pistol.

pita string, cord [Am].

pitar to whistle La locomotora pitó al entrar en la estación. The engine whistled as it entered the station.

pito whistle. ° tocar un pito to blow a whistle. || No me importa un pito. I don't give a hoot.

pizarra slate; blackboard.

placa plaque.

placer [v] to please, be pleasing to Puede Ud. hacer lo que le plazca. You can do what you please. ▲ [m] pleasure He tenido un gran placer en conocerle a Ud. It's been a great pleasure to meet you.

plaga plague, epidemic.

plan [m] plan ¿Cuáles son sus planes? What are your plans? ° estar en plan de to be out for, be in the mood for Están en plan de divertirse. They're out for a good time. ° plan de estudios curriculum Han cambiado el plan de estudios en la Universidad. They've changed the curriculum at the University.

plancha plate Las planchas estaban soldadas. The plates were welded together. ▲ iron, flatiron El último modelo de planchas eléctricas está ya a la venta. The latest model electric irons are now on sale. ° hacer planchas to put one's foot in it Siempre está haciendo planchas. He's always putting his foot in it. ° tirarse una plancha to pull a boner.

planilla payroll [Am] La planilla de esa compañía es muy elevada. That company has a very large payroll. ▲ bus (or streetcar) ticket. ▲ list of candidates, ticket [Am] Votaremos por esta planilla. We'll vote this ticket.

piano flat El terreno aquí es muy plano. The ground here's very flat. ▲ [m] plan, drawing El arquitecto trazó un plano muy bonito. The architect drew a very fine plan. planta sole Me duele la planta del pie. The sole of my foot hurts. ▲ plant Esta planta es del Brasil. This plant comes from Brazil. ° buena planta fine physique, good build Tiene muy buena planta. He has a very good build.

plantado ° dejarle a uno plantado to leave one in the lurch, leave one high and dry; to stand someone up.

plantear to pose, present, or state (a problem) Éso plantea una dificultad. That presents a difficulty.

plástico [adj] plastic, pliable.

plata silver En México y Perú hay muchas minas de plata. There are many silver mines in Mexico and Peru. ° quedarse sin plata to be broke Me he quedado sin plata. I'm broke.

plataforma platform.

platal [m] great quantity of money [Am] Le ha costado un platal. It cost him a fortune.

plátano banana.

platea orchestra (theater section).

plateado silver-plated, silvered.

plática talk, conversation.

platillo dish (of food) [Mex], plato plate, dish La criada rompió tres platos. The maid broke three plates. ▲ dish (of food) Hubo unos platos deliciosos en la cena. There were several delicious dishes for supper. ▲ course ¿Qué desea como plato fuerte? What would you like for the main course? ° ser plato de segunda mesa to play second fiddle.

playa beach, shore.

plaza plaza, square En el centro de la plaza hay un gran monumento. There's a big monument in the center of the square. ▲ market En la plaza encontrará Ud. todo lo que desea. You'll find everything you need in the market. ▲ job, position Hay una plaza vacante en la oficina. There's a job open in the office. ° plaza de toros bull ring. ° sacar plaza to get a position Sacó plaza en una compañía de seguros. He got a position with an insurance company.

plazo time limit Si Ud. desea, podemos fijar un nuevo plazo. If you wish, we can set a new time limit. ▲ installment El primer plazo es de cien pesos. The first installment is one hundred pesos. ° a plazos in installments.

plebiscito plebiscite.

plegar [rad-ch I] to fold; to plait.

pleito lawsuit Siguen un pleito sobre su herencia. They're having a lawsuit over their inheritance. ▲ dispute Hubo un pleito entre los estudiantes. There was a dispute among the students. ° poner pleito to sue, bring suit against.

plenitud [f] plenty, abundance.

pleno full, complete. ° en pleno invierno or verano or día in the middle of winter or summer or the day.

pliego sheet (of paper, usually folded).

pliegue [m] fold, crease.

plomero plumber.

plomo lead (metal). ▲ f use Se ha fundido un plomo. ▲ fuse was blown out.

pluma feather. ▲ pen Vive de su pluma. He lives by his pen. ° pluma-fuente fountain pen ¿Podría arreglarme esta pluma-fuente? Could you fix this fountain pen for me?

plural [adj; m] plural.

población [f] population ¿Qué población tiene este país? What's the population of this country? ▲ town, village Pasamos por muchas poblaciones pintorescas durante el viaje. We went through many picturesque towns on the trip.

pobre [adj] poor En este distrito vive gente muy pobre. Very poor people live in this section. ▲ poor, humble La casa de su madre es muy pobre. Her mother's house is very humble. ▲ poor, pitiful ¡Pobre muchacho! Poor fellow! ▲ [n] poor person Ayudan a los pobres. They help the poor. ▲ beggar Déle algo a ese pobre. Give something to that beggar. || ¡Pobre de mi! Poor me!

pobreza poverty.

poco little Queda muy poca gasolina en el tanque. There's very little gasoline left in the tank. ▲ small Tienen muy poca existencia de vinos. They have a very small stock of wines. ° a poco (de) shortly after A poco de llegar nosotros a la estación, llegó el tren. The train arrived shortly after we reached the station. ° dentro de poco soon, in a short time Llegará dentro de poco. He'll be here soon. ° poco a poco little by little, gradually Poco a poco aprenderá Ud. a hablar español. Liftle by little you'll learn to speak Spanish. ° poco después de soon after Poco después de la terminación de la guerra, me casé. Soon after the end of the war, I got married. ° poco más o menos more or less, about Saldremos poco más o menos a las ocho de la mañana. We'll leave about eight in the morning. ° pocos a few Saldré dentro de pocos días. I'll leave in a few days.

por poco almost, nearly No miré por donde iba y por poco me perdí. I didn't look where I was going and nearly got lost. ° un poco de a little, small amount of ¿Le pongo un poco de vino? May I give you a little wine?

|| ¡Eh, poco a poco! Hey, not so fast! or Take it easy! or Easy there !

pocho, pocha Mexican born in the U.S. [Mex].

poder [irr] to be able, can ¿No puede Ud. correr más? Can't you run any faster? ▲ to be possible, may Puede que vaya a Europa el próximo año. I may go to Europe next year. ▲ [m] power, influence Tenía un poder muy grande entre los obreros. He had great influence among the workers. ° a más no poder to the utmost Estudia a más no poder. He studies as hard as he possibly can. ° no poder con not to be able to stand, endure, carry, control, manage No puedo con él. I can't stand him. ° no poder más to be exhausted, be all in ¡No puedo más! I'm all in! ° no poder menos de not to be able to help No puedo menos de ir. I can't help going. ° no poder ver not to be able to stand No puedo verle. I can't stand him. ° poder general power of attorney Ha dado poder general a su padre. He's given his father power of attorney.

poderío power, might.

poderoso powerful, mighty.

podrido rotten, spoiled.

poema [m] poem.

poesía poetry.

poeta [m] poet.

polar polar.

policía [f] police Dieron parte a la policía inmediatamente. They informed the police immediately. ▲ [m] policeman Se lo preguntaré al policía de la esquina. I'll ask the policeman on the corner.

polilla moth.

política policy Ese país ha cambiado su política exterior. That country's changed its foreign policy. ▲ politics Ha dejado todo para dedicarse a la política. He's given up everything to devote himself to politics.

politico political Este periódico no representa a ningún partido político. This newspaper doesn't represent any political party. ▲ [m] politician Fué uno de los políticos más distinguidos de su época. He was one of the most distinguished politicians of his time.

póliza de seguro insurance policy.

pollo chicken Los pollos están muy caros en este tiempo. Chickens are very high right now.

polo pole Hicieron una expedición al polo norte. They made an expedition to the North Pole. ▲ pole (electrical). ▲ polo ¿Le interesaría ver un partido de polo? Would you like to see a polo match?

polvareda cloud of dust; dust storm.

polvera powder box.

polvo dust Cerraremos la ventana para que no entre polvo. We'll close the window to keep the dust out. ° en polvo powdered ¿Quiere Ud. azúcar en polvo o en terrón? Do you want powdered or lump sugar? ° polvos powder Uso polvos de talco después de afeitarme. I use talcum powder after I shave. ° polvos para dientes tooth powder.

pólvora powder, gunpowder.

pompa pomp, show, display. ° pompas de jabón soap bubbles El niño hace pompas de jabón. The child's blowing soap bubbles.

ponche [m] punch (liquor).

poncho poncho (South American blanket with slit in middle for the head).

poner [irr] to put, place, lay Ponga sus cosas aquí. Put your things here. ▲ to suppose, assume Pongamos que eso sea cierto. Let's suppose that's true. ▲ to impose, keep Aquí se necesita alguien que ponga orden. We need someone to keep order around here. ▲ to put down, write down Ponga Ud. lo que yo le voy a dictar. Put down what I'm going to dictate to you. ° poner al corriente to inform, tell, bring one up to date Le puse al corriente de lo que había sucedido. I informed him of what had happened. ° poner de mi (or tu, su etc) parte to do all one can Ponga Ud. de su parte todo lo que pueda. Do all you can. ° poner en claro to clear up, make clear Tenemos que poner en claro este lío. We've got to clear up this mess. ° poner en duda to question, doubt Pone en duda todo lo que le dicen. He questions everything they tell him. ° poner la mesa to set the table Ya dije que pusieran la mesa para cenar. I've already told them to set the table for supper. ° ponerle a uno to cause one to become, make Este calor me pone mala. This heat makes me ill. ° ponerse to put on, wear Hoy me pondré el vestido azul. I'll put on my blue dress today. ▲ to get, become (with adjective denoting physical condition or state of mind) Se pondrán muy disgustados si lo saben. They'll get very angry if they find out. ▲ to place oneself Póngase Ud. en esa ventana. Place yourself at that window. ▲ to set (of the sun) El sol se pone más temprano en invierno. The sun sets earlier in winter. ° ponerse a to begin to, start to De repente se puso a correr. Suddenly he began to run. ° ponerse (a) mal con to get in bad with Se pone (a) mal con todos. He gets in bad with everybody. ° ponerse colorado to blush Al oírlo se puso colorada. She blushed when she heard it. ° ponerse de acuerdo to come to an agreement Después de discutir mucho se pusieron de acuerdo. After much discussion they came to an agreement. ° ponerse en to reach Se puso en la frontera en unas cuantas horas. He reached the border in a few hours. ° ponerse en camino to set out Nos pusimos en camino muy temprano. We set out very early. ° ponerse en contra de to be against, oppose La mayoría de los diputados se pusieron en contra del proyecto. The majority of deputies were against the measure. ° ponerse en marcha to start, start out, pull out El tren se puso en marcha lentamente. The train started out slowly. ° ponerse en (or de) pie to get up, rise Cuando entró el presidente se pusieron todos en pie. When the president entered they all stood up.

poniente [m] west.

popote [m] straw (for drinking) [Mex].

popular popular; folkloric.

popularidad [f] popularity.

poquito [adj] little. ▲ [m] little bit.

por by América fué descubierta por Colón. America was discovered by Columbus. — Hice el viaje por avión. I made the trip by plane. ▲ for (in behalf of) Nunca olvidaré lo que Ud. hizo por mí. I'll never forget what you did for me. ▲ around, about Regresará por la Navidad. He'll come back around Christmas. ▲ through Pasaron por el túnel. They went through the tunnel. ▲ for, (in order) to get Vaya Ud. por una botella de leche. Go get a bottle of milk. ▲ to, in order to Lo hicimos por ayudarle. We did it to help him. ▲ still (or yet) to (be)... ¿Tiene trabajo por hacer? Do you still have work to do? — Quedan tres cartas por escribir. There are three letters still to be written. ▲ by way of, via Este autobus va por la calle central. This bus goes by way of Center Street. ▲ across, over Se pasó la mano por los ojos. He passed his hand across his eyes. ▲ in, during Estudio por la mañana. I study in the morning. ▲ per, a(n) ¿Cuánto paga Ud. por hora? How much do you pay an hour? ° al por mayor wholesale. ° al por menor retail. ° por ahí around there, near there Viven por ahí cerca. They live near there. ° por aquí around here Venga Ud. por aquí mañana temprano. Come around early tomorrow morning. ° por ciento per cent. ° por docena by the dozen. ° por donde wherever Por donde voy lo encuentro. Wherever I go I meet him. ° por encima superficially, hastily Leí el documento por encima. I glanced over the document. ° por entre through, among, between La vi por entre los árboles. I saw her through the trees. ° por escrito in writing. ° por eso for that reason, therefore Por eso quiero salir temprano. For that reason I want to leave early. ° por más que however much, no matter how much Por más que llame Ud. nadie contestará. No matter how much you knock, no one'll answer. ° por qué why No sé por qué me gusta tanto. I don't know why I like him so much. — ¿Por qué me lo preguntas? Why do you ask me? ° por si acaso in case Llevemos paraguas por si acaso llueve. Let's take umbrellas in case it rains. ° por supuesto of course. || ¡Por Dios! Goodness! or For heaven's sake!

porcelana chinaware; enamelware.

porción [f] portion, part. porfiar to persist, insist No profíe tanto. Don't insist so much. ▲ to argue, contend No porfíen más sobre eso. Don't argue any more over that.

pormenor [m] detail, particular.

poroto bean [Arg].

porque because, for, as.

porqué [m] reason No ha explicado el porqué de su ausencia. He hasn't explained the reason for his absence.

perqué [adv] why.

porquería dirty trick, filthy action or saying.

porra club, bludgeon.

|| ¡Vayase a la porra! Go to the devil !

porrazo blow, knock; fall.

portada entrance, lintel (of door in front part of house) La portada está pintada de rojo. The entrance is painted red. ▲ front, fagade La portada del edificio es muy hermosa. The building has a beautiful facade. ▲ cover (of book, magazine, etc) Dibujaba portadas para revistas. He drew covers for magazines.

portal [m] entry, vestibule, hallway.

portamonedas [m sg] purse, pocketbook.

portarse to behave, conduct oneself Se portó muy mal. He behaved very badly.

porte [m] postage ¿Cuánto será el porte de esta carta? How much is the postage on this letter? ▲ bearing (of a person).

portería superintendent's or janitor's room.

portero doorman, janitor.

portezuela door (of a vehicle).

porvenir [m] future.

posada lodging house; inn (low-class).

posar to pose ¿Quién posa para ese cuadro? Who's posing for that painting? ° posarse to light Los pájaros se posaron en las líneas del teléfono. The birds lighted on the telephone wires.

posdata postscript.

poseedor, poseedora owner, possessor.

poseer to hold, possess, own.

posesión [f] possession; property.

posibilidad [f] possibility.

posible possible No me filé posible venir más temprano. It wasn't possible for me to come earlier. ° en lo posible as far as possible. ° lo más ... posible as ... as possible Lo más pronto posible. As soon as possible. — Lo más tarde posible. As late as possible. ° todo lo posible everything possible Hace todo lo posible por terminar el trabajo. He's doing everything possible to finish the work.

posición [f] position Cambiaré de posición para estar más cómodo. I'm going to change to a more comfortable position. ▲ position, place Me gustaría cambiar la posición de la cama. I'd like to change the position of the bed. ▲ position, status Es una persona de alta posición. He's a man of high position. ▲ position (military).

positivo positive, certain Eso es un hecho positivo. That's positive. ▲ practical Es un hombre muy positivo. He's a very practical man. ▲ real No hace un trabajo positivo. He doesn't do a real job.

poso sediment, dregs.

postal [adj] postal, mail ¿Tienen Uds. servicio postal aquí? Do you have mail service out here? ▲ [f] postcard, postal card Me escríbió una postal. He wrote me a postcard. ° giro postal money order Deseo enviar un giro postal. I want to send a money order.

poste [m] post, pillar; pole.

posterior [adj] rear. ▲ later Eso ocurrió en una época posterior. That happened in a later period. ▲ back Salga Ud. por la puerta posterior. Leave by the back door.

postizo artificial, false Tiene los dientes postizos. He has false teeth.

postre [m] dessert Aquí sirven muy buenos postres. They serve very good desserts here.

postre ° a la postre at last.

postura position, posture Estaba incómodo en aquella postura. I was uncomfortable in that position. ▲ position ¿Cuál es sil postura política? What's your political position? ▲ stake, bet Mi postura es de diez pesos. My bet's ten pesos.

potable [adj] drinkable, potable.

pote [m] pot, jar.

potencia power, capacity, potency El motor tiene gran potencia. It's a high-powered motor. ▲ power, large nation No sabemos qué decidirán las potencias extranjeras. We don't know what the foreign powers will decide.

potente powerful, strong, potent.

pozo well (for water).

práctica practice; exercise.

practicar to practice, go in for ¿Practica Ud. algún deporte? Do you go in for any sport? ▲ to carry out, perform, make Practicaron una inspección general. They made a general inspection.

práctico practical; experienced, skillful. ° práctico de puerto harbor pilot.

prado lawn; field; meadow.

precaución [f] precaution.

preceder to precede.

preciar to value, prize Precia mucho este recuerdo. She prizes this souvenir very highly. ° preciarse de to take pride in, boast of Se precia de su habilidad. He takes pride in his ability.

precio price Los precios han bajado en los últimos días. Prices have gone down in the last few days. ° no tener precio to be priceless. ° precios fijos fixed prices.

precioso beautiful Llevaba un traje precioso. She wore a beautiful dress. ▲ precious Me gustan las piedras preciosas. I like precious stones.

precipicio cliff, precipice.

precipitación [f] rash haste; precipitation.

precipitarse to rush, hurry, hurl oneself.

precisar to fix, set Hay que precisar la fecha de salida. We must fix the date of departure. ▲ to be necessary, must Precisa hacer eso pronto. That must be done soon. ▲ to be urgent [Am] Me precisa hablar con Ud. I must speak with you. ▲ to make clear Precise Ud. lo que quiere decir. Make clear what you mean.

precisión [f] necessity Hay precisión de terminar la carretera pronto. The highway must be completed soon. ▲ precision Es admirable la precisión de la máquina. The precision of that machine's wonderful. ° tener precisión to need, have Tengo precisión de salir. I have to go out.

preciso accurate El reloj es muy preciso. The watch is very accurate. ▲ exact Dígame la hora precisa. Tell me the exact time. ° ser preciso to be necessary Es preciso llegar temprano. It's necessary to get there early. ° tiempo preciso just time enough Tenemos el tiempo preciso para llegar a la estación. We've just enough time to get to the station.

precoz precocious.

predecesor [m] predecessor.

predispuesto predisposed.

predominar to predominate, prevail.

preferencia preference Debemos dar preferencia al estudio del español y del inglés. We ought to give preference to the study of Spanish and English.

preferible preferable.

preferir [rad-ch II] to prefer.

pregunta question Me hizo muchas preguntas. He asked me a lot of questions. ° estar a la cuarta pregunta to be broke Siempre está a la cuarta pregunta. He's always broke. ° hacer una pregunta to ask a question ¿Puedo hacerle una pregunta? May I ask you a question?

preguntar to ask Pregúntele Ud. dónde vive. Ask him where he lives. ° preguntar por to inquire or ask about or for (a person) Preguntaron por Ud. esta mañana. They inquired for you this morning. ° preguntarse to wonder Me pregunto cuando volverá. I wonder when he'll be back.

premiar to reward, give a prize to.

premio prize, reward.

prenda security Lo dejaron en prenda. They left it as security. ▲ personal quality Una muchacha de muchas prendas. ▲ girl of many fine qualities. ° juego de prendas game of forfeits ¿Conoce Ud. algún juego de prendas? Do you know any game of forfeits? ° prenda de vestir garment He comprado algunas prendas de vestir. I've bought some clothes.

prendedor [m] pin, brooch; [Sp] clothes pin.

prender to fix, catch, pin Prenda esto con un alfiler. Fix this with a pin. ▲ to arrest Lo prendió la policía. The police arrested him. ° prender fuego a to set on fire Prendieron fuego a los bosques. They set the woods on fire. prensa press Las prensas funcionan muy bien. The presses are working very well. ▲ press, newspapers Libertad de prensa. Freedom of the press.

prensar to press, compress Prensaron las uvas en la bodega. They pressed the grapes in the winery.

preocupación [f] preoccupation. ▲ cares, worries Tiene mucha preocupación. He has many cares.

preocupar to preoccupy. ▲ to worry Aquello le preocupó mucho. That worried him a lot. ° preocuparse to worry No se preocupe Ud. por eso. Don't worry about that. ° preocuparse de to care for, take care (of) Preocúpese Ud. de que los niños beban la leche. Take care that the children drink their milk.

preparación [f] preparation.

preparado (see preparar) preparation.

preparar to prepare Le prepararé el desayuno. I'll get your breakfast. ▲ to arrange, prepare Vamos a preparar una fiesta de despedida. Let's arrange a farewell party. ° prepararse to get ready Está preparándose para hacer un viaje. He's getting ready for a trip.

preparativos [m pl] preparations.

presa prey El león devoraba su presa. The lion devoured his prey. ▲ dam (for water) Tomamos una fotografía de la presa. We took a photograph of the dam.

prescribir to prescribe.

prescrito (see prescribir) prescribed.

presencia presence Será muy de agradecer su presencia en ese acto. Your presence at that function will be greatly appreciated. ▲ appearance Tiene muy buena presencia. He has a very good appearance. ° en presencia de in front of, in the presence of Lo dijo en presencia de todos. He said it in front of everybody. ° presencia de ánimo presence of mind Su presencia de ánimo nos evitó el peligro. His presence of mind saved us from danger.

presenciar to see, witness.

presentación [f] exhibition, display Ese escaparate tiene presentación muy bonita. That window has a very pretty display. ▲ introduction La presentación del orador fué hecha por el presidente. The speaker was introduced by the president. ° a la presentación on presentation Lo pagaré a la presentación de la cuenta. I'll pay it on presentation of the bill.

presentar to present, introduce, submit El comité presentará mañana un nuevo plan. The committee will present a new plan tomorrow. ▲ to present, put on Presentarán un nuevo programa la semana próxima. They'll put on a new program next week. ° presentarse to present oneself, report Preséntese Ud. a la oficina de inmigración. Report to the Immigration Department. ▲ to appear, turn up Se presentó inesperadamente. He turned up unexpectedly. ° presentar una queja to complain Presentaron una queja a la directiva. They complained to the management.

presente present, current Hay cinco fiestas en el presente mes. There are five holidays in the current month. ▲ present Todos los niños presentes se levantaron. All the children present got up. ° al presente at present Al presente no tenemos ninguna noticia. At present we have no news. ° la presente this, the present writing La presente es para saudarle y decirle.... This is to greet you and say .... ° tener presente to bear in mind Tengo presente lo que me dijo. I'm bearing in mind what he told me. ¡Presente! Present! (roll call).

presentimiento feeling, premonition.

presentir [rad-ch II] to have a feeling or premonition.

preservar to preserve, guard, keep.

presidencia presidency; chairmanship.

presidente [m] president El presidente de la compañía es un hombre muy joven. The president of the company's a very young man. ▲ chairman Cada año nuestra comisión elige un nuevo presidente. Every year our committee elects a new chairman.

presidio penitentiary.

presión [f] pressure.

preso fastened; arrested. ▲ [m] convict, jailbird.

préstamo loan.

prestado (see prestar) lent; borrowed. ° pedir prestado to borrow ¿Puedo pedirle prestado su coche el proximo domingo? May I borrow your car next Sunday?

prestar to lend, loan Me prestó un libro muy interesante. He lent me a very interesting book. ° prestar atención to pay attention Se ruega prestar atención. Please pay attention. ° prestar ayuda to help ¿Quiere Ud. prestarnos ayuda? Will you help us? ° prestarse to lend itself Lo que dijo se prestaba a malas interpretaciones. What he said lent itself to misinterpretation. ▲ to offer Se prestó a ayudarnos. He offered to help us.

prestigio prestige.

presumir to presume Presumo que es así. I presume it's so. ▲ to be conceited, show off Presume mucho. She shows off too much. ° presumir de to think of oneself as Presume de elegante. He thinks he's pretty stylish.

presunción [f] conceit, presumption, vanity.

presupuesto budget.

pretender to intend, try Esa persona pretende aprovecharse de Ud. That person intends to take advantage of you. ▲ to court Pretendía a una chica rica. He was courting a rich girl. ▲ to pretend Pretendió no haberme visto. He pretended not to have seen me. ▲ to aim for, aspire to Varias personas pretendían el puesto. Several people aspired to the job. ° pretender decir to mean, drive at ¿Qué pretende Ud. decir? What are you driving at? ° pretender demasiado (de) to make unreasonable demands (on), ask too much (of) Esa señora pretende demasiado de su cocinera. That lady demands too much of her cook.

pretendiente [m] suitor; pretender (to throne).

pretensión [f] (unreasonable) claim No había justificación alguna en su pretensión. There was no justification at all for his claim. ▲ pretension Tiene muchas pretensiones descabelladas. He has many foolish pretensions.

pretexto pretext, excuse.

prevención [f] prevention; police precinct.

prevenido (see prevenir) forewarned. ° estar prevenido to be ready, be prepared, be forewarned Como estaba prevenido, no lo sorprendieron. As he was prepared, they didn't catch him unawares.

prevenir to prepare, arrange Será necesario prevenir algo para la fiesta. It'll be necessary to prepare something for the party. ▲ to prevent, avoid Tendremos que tomar medidas para prevenir la propagación de la enfermedad. We'll have to take measures to prevent the spread of the disease. ▲ to forewarn Le previnieron del peligro. They forewarned him of the danger. ° prevenirse (contra) to take precautions (against) Hay que prevenirse contra las enfermedades. One must take precautions against diseases.

previo previous. ° examen previo preliminary or entrance examination.

previsión [f] foresight. ° previsión social social security.

prieto dark, brunet(te) [Am].

prever to foresee, anticipate Previeron la desgracia. They foresaw the mishap.

previsto (see prever) foreseen.

prima female cousin.

primavera spring (season).

primer See primero. ° en primer lugar in the first place. ° Primer Ministro Prime Minister. ° primer plano foreground.

primero [adj] first Es el primero de la fila. He's the first in line. ▲ [adv] first, in the first place Primero es tin tonto; segundo no me gusta. In the first place, he's a fool; in the second place, I don't like him. ▲ first Haga esto primero. Do this first. ° de buenas a primeras suddenly, unexpectedly De buenas a primeras, empezó a llorar. Suddenly she began to cry. ° por primera vez for the first time.

primitivo [adj] primitive.

primo male cousin.

primor [m] something lovely Ese abrigo es tin primor. That coat's lovely. ▲ neatness Ese trabajo está hecho con primor. That job's very beautifully done.

primoroso exquisite; neat; dexterous.

princesa princess.

principal [adj] main, principal Es la persona principal en la oficina. He's the main person in the office. ▲ [m] principal Hable Ud. con el principal. Speak to the principal. ° el piso principal the second floor.

príncipe [m] prince.

principiar to begin, start Hay que principiar el trabajo inmediatamente. The work must be started immediately.

principio principle ¿En qué principio basa Ud. su teoría? On what principle do you base your theory? ▲ principle, standard Eso no está de acuerdo con sus principios. That doesn't agree with your principles. ▲ beginning El principio del libro era muy interesante. The beginning of the book was very interesting. ▲ entree, main dish. ° al principio at first Al principio me parecía fácil el trabajo. The work seemed easy to me at first. ° a principios de at the beginning of Reunámonos a principios de la semana entrante. Let's get together the beginning of next week. ° en principio in principle En principio no me parece mal la idea. That idea doesn't seem bad to me in principle.

prisa hurry. ▲ urgency Hay prisa de terminar este trabajo hoy. It's urgent that this work be finished today. ° andar de prisa to be in a hurry Siempre anda de prisa. He's always in a hurry. ° a toda prisa at full speed Iban a toda prisa. They were going at full speed. ° darse prisa to hurry ¡Démonos prisa, que es tarde! Let's hurry, it's late ! ° de prisa quickly. ° tener prisa to be in a hurry Tenía tanta prisa que se olvidó el sombrero. He was in such a hurry that he forgot his hat.

prisión [f] prison.

prisionero prisoner (military).

privado [adj] private Todos los cuartos tienen baño privado. All rooms have a private bath. ° en privado privately, in private Lo resolvieron en privado. They settled it privately.

privado (see privar) deprived. ▲ unconscious De la impresión, quedó privada. She became unconscious from the shock.

privar to deprive Lo privaron de sus derechos. They deprived him of his rights. ° privarse to deprive oneself Se priva Ud. de demasiadas cosas. You deprive yourself of too many things.

privilegio privilege.

proa bow, prow; nose (of an airplane).

probabilidad [f] probability.

probable probable.

probar to try, test Probaremos el avión esta tarde. We'll test the airplane this afternoon. ▲ to taste Pruebe Ud. este dulce. Taste this candy. ▲ to prove Probó su inocencia. He proved his innocence. ▲ to agree with, suit Este clima me prueba muy bien. This climate agrees with me. ° probarse to try on ¿Puedo probarme el vestido? May I try on the dress?

problema [m] problem.

proceder to proceed, begin Después de examinar a los muchachos procedieron a calificarlos. After testing the children they proceeded to classify them. ▲ to come, be the result Esto procede de su ignorancia. This is the result of his ignorance. ▲ to come ¿De dónde proceden sus padres? Where do your parents come from? ▲ to act Procedió sin reflexionar. He acted without thinking. ▲ to behave. ▲ [m] conduct, behavior No me gusta su proceder. I don't like your behavior. ° proceder contra to take action against.

procedimiento method, procedure Su procedimiento de enseñanza es muy bueno. Your method of teaching's very good.

procesión [f] procession.

proceso process; trial (court).

proclamar to proclaim.

procurar to try Procuraré llegar al teatro a tiempo. I'll try to get to the theater on time. ▲ to see Procure Ud. que no falte nada. See that nothing is lacking. ° procurarse to get, obtain Procúrese Ud. un buen asiento. Get a good seat.

pródigo prodigal, extravagant.

producción [f] production.

producir [irr] to produce Ese país produce mucho café. That country produces a lot of coffee. ▲ to produce, cause Un descuido de alguien produjo el incendio. The fire was caused by somebody's carelessness. ▲ to produce, yield, give No creo que el alquiler de la casa le produzca a Ud. mucho. I don't think the rent from the house will yield you much. ° producirse to arise, break out Se produjo una huelga. A strike broke out.

productivo productive.

producto product. ° productos agrícolas (farm) produce.

profecía prophecy, forecast.

profesión [f] profession.

profesional [adj] professional.

profesar to profess; to join (a religious order).

profesor [m] professor.

profeta [m] prophet.

profundidad [f] depth.

profundo deep ¿Es muy profunda esta parte del lago? Is this part of the lake very deep? ▲ profound Eso es un pensamiento muy profundo. That's a very profound thought.

programa [m] program ¿Tiene Ud. el programa del concierto? Do you have the program of the concert? ▲ plans ¿Cuál es su programa para el domingo? What are your plans for Sunday?

progresar to progress, make progress, advance Ese país ha progresado mucho en los últimos años. That country's made great progress in the last few years. ▲ to progress, improve Su español progresa mucho. His Spanish is improving a great deal.

progreso progress.

prohibición [f] prohibition.

prohibir to forbid Te prohibo comer entre horas. I forbid you to eat between meals. || Se prohibe fumar. No smoking. || Se prohibe fijar carteles. Post no bills.

prólogo prologue; preface.

prolongar to prolong.

promedio [m] average.

promesa promise.

prometer to promise Le he prometido ir a visitarla. I've promised to visit her. — La fiesta promete estar muy alegre. It promises to be a very gay party. ▲ to be promising Este niño promete mucho. He's a very promising child.

prometido (see prometer) engaged.

pronto [adj] ready Estoy pronto para empezar. I'm ready to begin. ▲ [adv] quickly Hizo muy pronto el trabajo. He did the work very quickly. ▲ soon Llegó más pronto de lo que yo esperaba. He came sooner than I expected. ▲ [m] sudden impulse Todavía siente aquel pronto que tuvo. He still regrets that sudden impulse. ° al pronto at first Al pronto no lo reconocí. At first I didn't recognize him. ° de pronto suddenly De pronto apareció. Suddenly he appeared.

por de pronto in the meantime, for the time being Por de pronto trabaje Ud. en esto. For the time being, work on this. ° tan pronto como as soon as Tan pronto como lo haga, avíseme. Let me know as soon as you do it.

pronunciación [f] pronunciation.

pronunciamiento pronouncement; insurrection (in army).

pronunciar to pronounce.

propaganda advertising; propaganda.

propiedad [f] property.

propietario, propietaria owner, proprietor, proprietress.

propina tip, gratuity.

propio own Lo vi con mis propios ojos. I saw it with my own eyes. ▲ typical Eso es muy propio de él. That's typical of him. ▲ proper, right Era el hombre propio para aquel trabajo. He was the right man for that job. ▲ oneself Ella propia lo hizo. She did it herself.

proponer [irr] to propose (suggest) Propondremos un cambio. We'll propose a change. ° proponerle algo a alquien to make a proposition Le propuso un negocio a mi padre. He made a business proposition to my father. ° proponerse to plan, intend Se propuso estudiar mucho. He planned to study a lot.

proporción [f] proportion.

proporcionar to provide with, supply with Le voy a proporcionar a Ud. todo lo que necesita. I'm going to provide you with everything you need.

proposición [f] proposition.

propósito purpose ¿Cuál es su propósito? What's your purpose? ▲ intention El infierno está empedrado de buenos propósitos. The road to hell is paved with good intentions. ° a propósito on purpose Lo hice a propósito. I did it on purpose. ° a propósito de in connection with A propósito de lo que dicen les contaré esto.... In connection with what you're saying, I'll tell you this || ¡A propósito! By the way!

propuesta proposal, proposition, motion.

prorrogar to extend (expiration date).

prosa prose.

prosperar to prosper.

prosperidad [f] prosperity.

protección [f] protection.

protector [m] protector.

proteger to protect La madre protege a sus hijos. The mother protects her children. ° protegerse to protect oneself Para protegernos de la lluvia entramos en una tienda. We went into a store to get out of the rain.

protesta protest El juez no dio importancia a la protesta del público. The judge ignored the public protest.

protestar to protest. ° protestar de to protest against Protestaron de la injusticia. They protested against the injustice.

provecho profit No sacó ningún provecho de aquel negocio. He didn't make any profit on that deal. ° de provecho useful Es hombre de provecho. He's a useful man. ° ser de provecho to be good (for) Esta comida no es de provecho para Ud. This food isn't good for you. || Buen provecho. Enjoy your meal. or I hope you've enjoyed your meal, (customary greeting before or after a meal) provechoso profitable.

providencia providence.

provincia province.

provinciano [adj; n] provincial.

provisión [f] provision.

provisional provisional.

provocación [f] provocation.

provocar to provoke ¡No me provoque Ud.¡ Don't provoke me !

proximidad [f] vicinity Naufragaron en la proximidad de aquella costa. They were shipwrecked in the vicinity of that coast.

próximo [adj] next Empezaré el año próximo. I'll begin next year. ▲ close Son parientes muy próximos. They're very close relatives. ° estar próximo a to almost.... Estuvo próximo a caer al río. He almost fell in the river.

proyectar to plan Proyectan hacer más carreteras. They plan to build more highways. ▲ to project, show Proyectaron una película científica. They showed a scientific movie.

proyecto plan El proyecto del nuevo edificio está listo. The plan of the new building's ready. ▲ project, plan Mis hijos tienen muchos proyectos para el futuro. My sons have many plans for the future.

prudencia prudence.

prudente prudent, wise.

prueba proof ¿Qué prueba tiene Ud.? What proof do you have? ▲ evidence No hay prueba(s) para condenarlo. There's no evidence to condemn him. ▲ test El aparato se rompió en la prueba. The apparatus broke down during the test. ▲ proof (printing, photography) Me han enviado las pruebas de la imprenta. They've sent me the printers' proofs. ▲ trick [Am] Hizo una prueba can las barajas. He did a card trick. ° a prueba de proof against, -proof Este refugio está a prueba de bombas. This shelter's bomb-proof. || Haga Ud. la prueba. Try it.

psicología psychology.

publicación [f] publication.

publicar to publish.

publicidad [f] publicity.

público [adj] public ¿Hay aquí un teléfono público? Is there a public telephone here? ▲ [m] public; audience El público estaba impaciente. The audience was impatient.

puchero cooking pot.

pudín [m] pudding.

pueblo town, village Este es un pueblo muy pintoresco. This is a very picturesque village. ▲ people Es un hombre del pueblo. He's a man of the people.

puente [m] bridge.

puerco pig, hog; pork.

puerta door; gate. ° dar con la puerta en las narices to slam the door in one's face Me dio con la puerta en las narices. He slammed the door in my face.

puerto port.

pues because, as, since Vaya, pues lo han llamado. Go, since they've called you. ▲ anyhow Pues yo me voy. I'm going anyhow. ▲ well Pues, si no quieres no vayas. Well, if you don't want to, don't go. ▲ certainly [Am] Sí, pues. Yes, certainly. ° pues bien all right then ¡Pues bien, iré! All right then, I'll go! ° pues no not at all, not so. || ¿Pues qué? So what? || ¿Y pues? So? or Is that so? or And so?

puesto (see poner) set La mesa está puesta. The table's set. ▲ [m] place Tengo el tercer puesto en la cola. I have the third place in the line. ▲ stall, stand, booth Lo compré en un puesto del mercado. I bought it at a stand in the market. ▲ position, job Tiene un buen puesto. He has a good job. ° bien puesto well dressed Iba muy bien puesto. He was very well dressed. ° mal puesto out of place. ° puesto que since, as long as Puesto que temes aburrirte, no vayas. Since you're afraid you'll be bored, don't go

pulga flea.

pulgada inch.

pulgar [m] thumb.

pulmón [m] lung.

pulmonía pneumonia.

pulpería grocery store, general store [Am].

pulque [m] pulque (fermented juice of the maguey plant; a Mexican drink).

pulsera bracelet. ° reloj de pulsera wrist watch.

pulso pulse. ° tomarle a uno el pulso to take one's pulse El médico le tomó el pulso. The doctor took his pulse.

punta point Este lápiz no tiene punta. This pencil has no point. ▲ end, tip Caminamos hasta la punta del muelle. We walked to the end of the pier. ▲ top En la punta del volcán se veía humo. Smoke could be seen at the top of the volcano. ° de punta en blanco all dressed up Iban de punta en blanco. They were all dressed up.

puntada stitch. ° echar puntadas to stitch.

puntal [m] snack [Am].

puntiagudo sharp-pointed.

puntilla ° de puntillas on tiptoe.

punto point, dot El avión se veía como un punto en el cielo. The airplane looked like a dot in the sky. ▲ period (in writing) ¿Dónde está el punto en esta máquina de escribir? Where's the period on this typewriter? ▲ place, spot Nos veremos en el mismo punto. We'll meet at the same place. ▲ point (in sports) Ganó por pocos puntos. He won by a few points. ° al punto instantly Se presentó al punto. He appeared instantly. ° a punto fijo exactly No lo sé a pimto fijo. I don't know exactly. ° a tal punto that far A tal punto no quiero llegar. I don't want to go that far. ° coche de punto taxi, car for hire [Sp] . ° dar en el punto to hit the nail on the head Ha dado Ud. en el punto. You've hit the nail on the head. ° de punto by the minute Su cólera subía de punto. He became angrier by the minute. ▲ knitted Compraré un chaleco de punto. I'll buy a knitted vest. ° desde cierto punto de vista from a certain standpoint Desde cierto punto de vista Ud. tiene razón. You're right from a certain standpoint. ° en punto on the dot, sharp Debemos llegar a las seis en punto. We must arrive at six on the dot. ° en punto a in regard to En punto a los precios que Ud. indica, estamos completamente de acuerdo. In regard to the prices you mention, we're in complete agreement. ° estar a punto de to be about to Estábamos a punto de salir cuando llegaron. We were about to leave when they arrived. ° hasta cierto punto to a certain extent Hasta cierto punto es cierto. To a certain extent it's true. ° punto de gracia funny side Tiene su punto de gracia. It has its funny side. ° punto final stop Hay que poner punto final a esto. We must put a stop to this. ° punto por punto step by step, in detail Lo contó todo punto por punto. He told everything step by step. || ¿Hasta qué punto del programa han estudiado? How far did they get in their studies?

puntual prompt, punctual.

puñado handful.

puñalada stab, knife wound.

puño fist Cerró los puños. He clenched his fists. ▲ handle El puño del paraguas está roto. The umbrella handle's broken. ▲ cuff Están mal planchados los puños de la camisa. The shirt cuffs are poorly ironed.

pupila pupil (of eye).

pupitre [m] (school) desk.

pureza purity.

purgante [m] purgative, physic.

puro . pure Esta leche es pura. This milk's pure. ▲ clear Tiene una voz muy pura. She has a very clear voice. ▲ [m] cigar Le gusta fumar puros. He likes to smoke cigars. ° de pura casualidad purely by chance Me encontré con él de pura casualidad. I met him purely by chance. ° de pura sangre thoroughbred Ese caballo es de pura sangre. That horse is a thoroughbred. ° la pura verdad absolute or unvarnished truth Lo que le dijo es la pura verdad. What he told her's the unvarnished truth. || Apenas podía andar de puro fatigado. He was so exhausted he could hardly walk.

que that, which Tomaré el tren que llegue primero. I'll take the first train that arrives. ▲ that, on which, when El día que vino era miércoles. The day he came was Wednesday. ▲ who Ud., que es una experta, debe seguramente saberlo. You're an expert; you should certainly know. ▲ whom Ese es el muchacho de que le hablé. That's the boy I spoke to you about. ▲ what No sé qué haré mañana. I don't know what I'll do tomorrow. — ¿Qué ha sido de su hermano? What's become of your brother? ▲ that Estaba tan cambiado que no le conocí. He looked so changed that I didn't recognize him. ▲ that Dudo que venga. I doubt that he'll come. ▲ than La otra es mejor que ésta. The other's better than this. ° el (or la, los, las) que he (or she, they) who, the one(s) who, anyone who El que quiera beber que venga conmigo. Anyone who wants a drink, come with me. ° ¿qué? which? ¿Qué libro le gusta a Ud. más? Which book do you like better? ▲ what kind of? ¿Dime qué gente es esa? Tell me, what kind of people are they? ° ¡qué! how! ¡Qué bonito es ese cuadro! How pretty that picture is! ▲ what! what a! ¡Qué tontería! What nonsense! — ¡Qué niño! What a child! ° ¡qué de! how many! ¡Qué de cosas me contó! How many things he told me ! ° ¡ qué va ! go on! come on! how come? (expressing disbelief) ¡Qué va! Eso no es cierto. Go on! That's not true. ° sin qué ni para qué without cause or motive. ° un no sé qué a certain something Tiene un no sé qué que atrae. She has a certain something that's attractive. || ¿Qué más da? What's the difference? || ¿Pues qué? So what?

quebrado rough, rugged Estos últimos dias hemos viajado por terrenos muy quebrados. We've been through some very rough country in the last few days. ▲ broken Trace una línea quebrada. Draw a broken line. ° estar quebrado to be ruptured.

número quebrado fraction (mathematics).

quebrar to break Quebró un vaso. He broke a glass. ▲ to fail El banco quebró cuando nadie lo esperaba. The bank failed when no one expected it. ° quebrarse to break El plato se quebró. The plate broke. ▲ to break (a bone) Al caer se quebró un brazo. He broke his arm when he fell.

quedar to be left El bolso quedó sobre la mesa. The purse was left on the table. — Sólo me quedan unos centavos. I have only a few cents left. ▲ to remain La carta quedó sin contestar. The letter remained unanswered. ▲ to be Queda lejos de aquí. It's far from here. ° quedar (bien) to come out (well) Quedó muy bien el trabajo. The work came out very well. ° quedar bien con to make a hit with, get along well with Está quedando bien con ella. He's making a hit with her. ° quedar de to promise to [Am] Quedamos de llegar el domingo. We promised to come Sunday. ° quedar en to agree, have an understanding Quedamos en que vendría a las ocho. We agreed that he'd come at eight. ° quedarse to remain, stay Nuestro amigo se quedó en Europa. Our friend stayed in Europe. ° quedarse atrás to stay behind. ° quedarse con to take Me quedo con el azul. I'll take the blue one. ° quedarse limpio to get cleaned out Jugó a las cartas y se quedó limpio. He played cards and was cleaned out. || ¿Se puede saber en qué quedamos? Can we find out where we stand?

quehaceres [m pl] de casa household chores.

queja complaint.

quejarse to complain No tiene Ud. de qué quejarse. You have nothing to complain about.

quema burning La quema de las hojas. The burning of the leaves. ° huir de la quema to get away from trouble, beat it Al ver lo que iba a ocurrir, huyó de la quema. When he saw what was going to happen, he beat it.

quemado (see quemar) burnt Huele a quemado. It smells burnt. ° quemado por el sol sunburned.

quemadura burn, scald.

quemar to burn ¿Quién quemó esta cortina? Who burned this curtain? ° quemarse to burn oneself Cuidado, puede Ud. quemarse. Be careful, you'll burn yourself.

querer [irr] to want, wish ¿Qué quiere Ud. comer? What do you want to eat? ▲ to love La quiere mucho. He loves her very much. ° como quiera que sea in any case Como quiera que sea, iremos. In any case, we'll go. ° donde quiera anywhere, wherever. ° querer decir to mean ¿Qué quiere decir esta palabra? What does this word mean? ° sin querer unwillingly; unintentionally Lo hizo sin querer. He did it unwillingly.

querido [adj] dear, beloved Querido hijo: ... Dear son: ...

queso cheese.

quiebra bankruptcy, failure.

quien who, whom ¿Quién llamo? Who called? — Son los muchachos de quienes le hablé. They're the boys I spoke to you about. — Es la muchacha a quien más quiero. She's the girl I like best of all. ▲ whoever, anyone who Quien así piense se equivoca. Whoever thinks so is wrong. ° ¿quién sabe? who knows? "¿Crees que va a llover?" "¿Quién sabe?" "Do you think it'll rain?" "Who knows?"

quienquiera whoever Deja pasar a quienquiera que venga. Whoever comes, let him in.

quieto [adj] still Estése quieto un momento. Stand (or Sit) still a moment. ▲ calm El lago ha estado quieto todo el día. The lake's been calm all day. ▲ quiet Es una chica muy quieta. She's a very quiet girl.

quietud [f] quiet, repose.

quijada jaw.

química chemistry.

químico chemical. ▲ [n] chemist.

quince fifteen.

quincena ° por quincena(s) every two weeks, semi-monthly.

quinientos five hundred.

quinina quinine.

quinta country house.

quintal [m] a hundred pounds.

quinto [adj] fifth. ▲ [m] nickel (coin) [Mex].

quitar to take away Quitaremos esta mesa de aquí. We'll take this table away from here. ▲ to subtract Hay que quitar esta cantidad del total. You have to subtract this amount from the total. ° quitarse to take off (clothing) No se quite el abrigo. Don't take off your overcoat. ▲ to come out Estas manchas no se quitan. These stains won't come out. ▲ to give up Se ha quitado el vicio de la bebida. He's given up drinking. ° quitarse de en medio to get out of the way. ° quitarse el agua to stop raining [Am] Cuando se quite el agua saldremos. When it stops raining we'll go out. ° quitarse un peso de encima to take a load off one's mind. ° quitar tiempo to take (too much) time Este trabajo le quita mucho tiempo. This work's taking too much of his time.

quizá, quizás perhaps, maybe.

R

rábano radish. ° tomar el rábano por las hojas to misinterpret.

rabia rabies El perro tiene rabia. The dog has rabies. ▲ rage, fury. ° dar rabia to make furious, to anger Me da rabia no haber ido. It makes me furious that I didn't go. ° tener rabia to have a grudge against Le tengo una rabia tremenda. I've a terrible grudge against him. ° tomar rabia to develop a grudge against Le tomó rabia sin tener porqué. He developed a grudge against him for no reason at all.

rabiar to be mad, be furious, to rage.

rabioso furious, enraged; rabid.

rabo tail (without hair or feathers) El ratón se cogió el rabo en la ratonera. The mouse's tail got caught in the trap. ° (con el) rabo entre (las) piernas crestfallen Volvió con el rabo entre las piernas. He came back crestfallen.

rabona ° hacer rabona to cut or skip (class, etc); to play hookey.

racha streak, string, series Ha habido una racha de crímenes. There's been a series of crimes. ° buena racha streak of good luck.

racimo cluster, bunch.

radiador [m] radiator.

radio [f in Sp & Arg, m in rest of Am] radio El radio dio la noticia. The news came over the radio. ▲ [m] radium. ° radio de acción range El radio de acción de aquella emisora era muy extenso. That transmitter had a very long range.

radiograma [m] radiogram.

raído frayed, threadbare.

raíz [f] root Este árbol tiene las raices muy hondas. This tree has very deep roots. ° arrancar de raíz to uproot.

raja split, crack; slice (of food).

rajar to split, rend. ▲ to slice Hay que rajar el melón. The melon has to be sliced. ▲ to chatter, gossip [Slang]. ° rajarse to crack El cristal del reloj se rajó. My watch crystal cracked. ▲ to hold back Siempre se raja a última hora. He always holds back at the last moment.

ralo thin, sparse; [Antilles] weak (of infusions).

rama branch, twig, bough ¡No te cuelges de esa rama! Don't hang from that branch! ▲ branch Aquel apellido era de otra rama de la familia. That name came from another branch of the family. ° andarse por las ramas to beat about the bush.

ramo bough (cut off tree). ▲ bouquet, bunch Le ofreció un ramo de flores. He gave her a bouquet of flowers. ▲ branch La química es un ramo de la ciencia. Chemistry's a branch of science. ▲ (line of) business El ramo de ferretería. The hardware business.

rancho mess (of food), chow ¿A qué hora dan el rancho? What time's chow? ▲ hut [Am] Viven en ranchos de paja. They live in thatched huts. ▲ ranch [Am] Tiene un rancho muy grande. He has a very big ranch. ▲ man's flat straw hat [Am].

rancio rancid; old (of wine, nobility). ▲ old-fashioned, antiquated Es un hombre muy rancio. He's a very old-fashioned man.

rapidez [f] rapidity, swiftness.

rápido [adj] rapid, quick Era muy rápido en sus decisiones. He was very quick in his decisions. ▲ [m] express (train) A las nueve pasó el rápido. The express went by at nine.

raqueta racket (tennis).

raro rare, unusual Era raro que recibiera carta. It was unusual for him to get a letter. — Los muebles coloniales son muy raros hoy día. Colonial furniture's rare nowadays. ▲ odd, strange ¡Qué cosa más rara! What a strange thing!

rascacielos [m sg] skyscraper.

rascar to scratch.

rasgar to tear Se rasgó los pantalones. He tore his pants.

rasgo stroke Los rasgos de ese dibujo son muy acentuados. The strokes in that drawing are very heavy. ▲ impulse Tuvo un rasgo muy digno de alabanza. He had a very worthy impulse. ° a grandes rasgos briefly, in outline, in a few words Se lo contaré a grandes rasgos. I'll tell it to you in a few words. ° rasgos features Sus rasgos me eran familiares. His features were familiar to me. ° rasgos (de carácter) characteristics Tiene rasgos (de carácter) muy desagradables. He has very unpleasant characteristics.

rasgón [m] tear Llevaba un rasgón en el traje. He had a tear in his clothes.

rasguño scratch Se hizo un rasguño en la cara. He got a scratch on his face.

raspadura bruise Tengo una raspadura en el brazo. I have a bruise on my arm.

raspar to scrape, scratch out.

raspón [m] bruise.

rastreador [m] scout.

rastrear to scout, track down.

rastro track, trail Los perros perdieron el rastro al llegar al río. When they reached the river, the dogs lost the track. ▲ trace Después del huracán no quedó ni rastro de la casa. After the hurricane not a trace of the house was left. ° seguir el rastro to track down, follow the scent.

rata rat.

ratero pickpocket.

rato (short) while Espere Ud. un rato. Wait a while. ° al poco rato very soon, after a little while Nuestros amigos llegarán al poco rato. Our friends will come after a little while. ° a ratos perdidos in one's spare time Leía a ratos perdidos. He read in his spare time. ° pasar el rato to while away the time, pass the time away. ° pasar un buen rato to have a good time.

ratón [m] mouse.

raya dash, line; crease (in trousers); part (in hair); ray fish. ▲ line (sports) La pelota cayó fuera la raya. The ball fell outside of the line. ° tener a raya to keep within bounds, control, restrain.

rayar to draw lines on, rule. ▲ to scratch (make scratches on) Está Ud. rayando la mesa. You're scratching the table.

rayo flash (or bolt) of lightning Cayó un rayo e incendió la casa. ▲ bolt of lightning struck the house and set it on fire. ▲ ray Los rayos del sol queman en verano. The rays of the sun burn in summer. — Todavía quedaba un rayo de esperanza. There was still a ray of hope left.

raza race (anthropological).

razón [f] reason (reasoning power). ▲ reason, sanity Ha perdido la razón. He's lost his reason. ▲ reason, explanation Dé Ud. algunas razones si quiere convencerme. Give me some reasons if you want to convince me. ▲ reason, cause Lo hizo sin razón. He did it without reason. ▲ message [Am] Le daré la razón a la señora. I'll give her the message. ° a razón de at the rate of Pagará a razón de un seis por ciento al año. He'll pay at the rate of six per cent a year. ° atender a razones to listen to reason. ° dar razón to give information Se alquila. Darán razón en la portería. For rent. See the janitor for information. ° tener razón to be right. ° no tener razón to be wrong. ° tomar razón de to make a record of.

razonable reasonable.

razonar to reason.

reacción [f] reaction; political conservatism; reactionary force. ° entrar en reacción to warm oneself, warm up Encendió la estufa para entrar en reacción. He lit the stove to warm himself.

real real, actual La situación real no ha cambiado. The actual situation hasn't changed. ▲ royal Pertenecía a la familia real. He belonged to the royal family. ▲ [m] real (Sp coin worth about 25 cents) Esta revista cuesta un real. This magazine costs one real.

realidad [f] reality, fact.

realización [f] realization, execution La realización de los planes durará por lo menos un año. The execution of the plans will take at least a year. ▲ sale El lunes pasado hubo una realización de todas las mercancías. There was a sale of all the merchandise last Monday.

realizar to accomplish Esto no es difícil de realizar. This isn't hard to accomplish. ▲ to carry out Realizaron el plan con todos sus detalles. They carried out the plan in every detail. ▲ to sell out Realizaron todas las existencias. They sold out all the goods in stock.

reanimar to cheer up, encourage; to revive.

rebaja reduction.

rebajar to reduce, lower Han rebajado un poco los precios. They've reduced the prices a little. ▲ to reduce (in weight) He rebajado diez libras. I've reduced ten pounds. ° rebajarse to lower oneself No me rebajaré a hacer tal cosa. I won't lower myself to do such a thing.

rebelde rebellious. ▲ [n] rebel.

recadero, recadera messenger.

recado message; errand.

recaída relapse.

recámara bedroom [Mex].

recambio ° pieza de recambio spare part.

receloso distrustful, suspicious.

recepción [f] reception, formal gathering La recepción fué muy lucida. It was a very brilliant reception. ▲ reception Les hicieron una recepción muy calurosa. They were given a very warm reception.

receta prescription (medicine). ° receta de cocina recipe (cooking).

rechazar to discard, reject, turn down Rechazó la idea de ir al campo. He turned down the idea of going to the country. ▲ to drive back El enemigo fué rechazado a sus posiciones. The enemy was driven back to his positions.

recibir to receive Recibió Ud. ayer alguna visita? Did you receive any visitors yesterday? ° recibirse to graduate [Am] Se recibió de doctor. He graduated as a doctor. ° ser bien (or mal) recibido to be (or not to be) well-taken Fué trial recibida su opinión. His opinion wasn't well-taken.

recibo receipt.

recién recently, newly Ese café está recién hecho. That coffee hasn't been made very long. ▲ just, recently [Am] Recién me entero. I just found out. ° recién casados newlyweds. ° recién llegado newcomer.

reciente new, fresh La pintura estaba reciente. The paint was fresh. ▲ recent ¿Son estas noticias recientes? Is this news recent?

reclamación [f] reclamation; complaint; claim.

reclamar to claim Ud. ya no puede reclamar ese dinero. You can no longer claim that money. ° reclamar en juicio to sue.

reclamo advertising; claim [Am]; decoy.

recluta [m] recruit, rookie.

recobrar to recover, regain.

recoger to get Voy a recoger los papeles que dejé en mi despacho. I'm going to get the papers I left in my office. ▲ to collect Han recogido mucho dinero para la Cruz Roja. They've collected a lot of money for the Red Cross. ▲ to collect, gather up Recoja Ud. todas esas cosas y póngala en orden. Gather up all those things and put them in order. ▲ to pick up Recoja Ud. eso que se te ha caído. Pick up what you dropped. ▲ to take in, shelter Han recogido varios huérfanos. They've taken in several orphans. ° recogerse to go home, retire Se recoge muy tarde. He keeps late hours. recomendación [f] recommendation.

recomendar to recommend ¿Me puede Ud. recomendar un buen restaurant? Can you recommend a good restaurant to me? ▲ to recommend, advise Le recomiendo a Ud. que lo haga de prisa. I advise you to do it quickly.

reconocer to inspect, examine El paciente fué reconocido cuidadosamente. The patient was carefully examined. ▲ to recognize Cuando le vi de nuevo, no le reconocí. When I saw him again, I didn't recognize him. ▲ to acknowledge, admit ¿Reconoce Ud. su falta? Do you acknowledge your mistake? ▲ to acknowledge, be grateful for Estoy reconocido a sus atenciones. I'm grateful for your kindness.

reconstruir to rebuild, reconstruct.

recordar [rad-ch I] to remember ¿Recuerda Ud. lo que le dije? Do you remember what I told you? ▲ to remind Me recuerda mucho a su padre. He reminds me very much of his father.

recorrer to cover, travel Ayer recorrimos diez millas. Yesterday we covered ten miles.

recorrido route, course, run Ese cartero tiene un recorrido muy largo. That postman has a very long route.

recorte [m] scrap, cutting; clipping (newspaper).

recreo recreation.

recto [adj] straight Todo el camino era recto. The road was straight all the way. ▲ just, fair Era un hombre recto. He was a just man. ° ángulo recto right angle.

recuerdo remembrance, memory Guardo muy buenos recuerdos de mi amistad con él. I have very happy memories of my friendship with him. ▲ souvenir, memento Estos son recuerdos de nuestro viaje por Italia. These are souvenirs of our trip through Italy. ° recuerdos regards Dé Ud. recuerdos a su familia de mi parte. Give my regards to your family.

recurso means, argument Empleó todos los recursos para convencerle. He used every argument to convince him. ° recursos resources, means Estaba materialmente sin recursos. He was practically without means.

red [f] net Los pescadores tendieron la red. The fishermen spread out the net. ▲ snare, trap Cayó en la(s) red(es) que le tendieron. He fell into the snare they set for him.

redacción [f] editorial staff Entró en la redacción de una revista. He joined the editorial staff of a magazine. ▲ composition La redacción de esta carta es mala. This letter's badly written.

redactar to compose, frame in writing Esta carta está muy bien redactada. This letter's very well put.

redondo [adj] round. ° en números redondos in round numbers.

reducción [f] reduction, decrease.

reducir [-zc-] to reduce Redujo el presupuesto en su departamento. He reduced the budget in his department. ° quedar reducido a to be reduced to, be brought to a condition of El edificio quedó reducido a escombros. The building was reduced to rubble. ° reducir a la obediencia to compel to obey.

reemplazar to replace.

reexpedir to forward (mail).

referencia reference ¿Cuáles son sus referencias? What are your references? ° dar referencias to inform. ° hacer referencia a to refer to, mention Hizo referenda a un autor muy famoso. He referred to a very famous author.

referir [rad-ch II] to relate Refirió el caso con muchos detalles. He related the matter in great detail. ° referirse a to refer to ¿A qué se refiere Ud. cuando dice eso? What are you referring to when you say that?

reforma alteration. ° cerrado por reformas closed for alterations.

refrán [m] proverb, saying.

refrescar to cool Hay que refrescar el agua. The water must be cooled. ▲ to get cool or cooler Esta refrescando la tarde. The afternoon's getting cooler. ° refrescar la memoria to refresh one's memory. ° refrescarse to cool off Vamos a refrescarnos a la sombra de los árboles. Let's cool off in the shade of the trees.

refresco refreshment, cold drink Tomó un refresco para aplacar la sed. He took a cold drink to quench his thirst.

refrigerador [m] refrigerator.

refugiarse to take shelter.

regalar to present, give (gift) ¿Qué me vas a regalar por mi cumpleaños? What are you going to give me for my birthday?

regalo present, gift Recibió un buen regalo. He received a nice gift. ° con regalo in luxury Vivía con regalo. He lived in luxury.

regañar to scold Siempre me esta regañando. He's always scolding me.

regaño scolding, reprimand.

regar [rad-ch I] to water, irrigate.

regateo bargaining, haggling.

régimen [m] regime, political system El régimen de aquel país era muy democrático. The political system of that country was very democratic. ▲ diet El médico lo puso a régimen. The doctor put him on a diet.

región [f] region.

regir [rad-ch III] to rule, govern ¿Quién rige esos territorios? Who rules those territories? ▲ to be in effect Aun rige ese decreto. That decree's still in effect.

registrar to search La policía registró su casa. The police searched his house. ▲ to examine (baggage). ▲ to record, keep a record of Registraba en aquel libro las compras y ventas. He kept a record of purchases and sales in that book. ° registrarse to register (oneself) Es preciso registrarse en el Consulado. You have to register at the Consulate.

regla rule, regulation Tiene Ud. que obedecer las reglas. You have to obey the rules. ▲ ruler (for drawing lines) ¿Puede dejarme la regla? Can you leave me the ruler? ° en regla in order ¿Todo está en regla? Is everything in order? ° por regla general as a general rule.

regocijo joy, gladness.

regreso return, coming or going back.

regular regular, orderly, regulated Llevaba una vida muy regular. He led a very regular life. ▲ moderate, so-so Esta mañana me siento regular nada más. This morning I only feel so-so. ° por lo regular as a rule, ordinarily Por lo regular le veía todos los días. Ordinarily I saw him every day.

regularidad [f] regularity.

reina queen.

reinar to reign Luis diez y seis reinó en Francia en el siglo dieciocho. Louis the Sixteenth reigned in France in the eighteenth century. ▲ to prevail, reign Durante la guerra reinó el terror. Terror reigned during the war.

reino kingdom.

reir(se) [rad-ch III] to laugh No se ría Ud. Don't laugh. ° reírse a carcajadas to laugh heartily, guffaw. ° reírse de to laugh at ¿De qué se ríe Ud.? What are you laughing at? ▲ to make fun of, ridicule Estaban riévdose de él. They were making fun of him.

reja bars, iron window grating.

relación [f] story, account Toda aquella relación era interesante. The whole story was interesting. ° con relación a about, with regard to No sé nada con relación a ese asunto. I don't know anything about that matter. ° entrar en (or establecer) relaciones con to establish (business) relations with. ° relaciones relations, dealings No existían entre ellos ningunas relaciones. They had no dealings with each other. ° tener relación con to have connection with, have relation to Eso no tiene ninguna relación con el asunto que estamos tratando. That has no relation to the subject we're discussing. ° tener relaciones to have connections Tiene muy buenas relaciones. He has very good connections.

relacionar to relate, connect, establish a relation between En su conferencia relacionó los dos hechos históricos. In his lecture he established a relation between the two historical facts. ▲ to introduce (make acquainted) Mi prima nos relacionó. My cousin introduced us. ° relacionarse con to have dealings with No se relacione con tales gentes. Don't have any dealings with such people.

relajamiento laxness, laxity, looseness.

relajo disorder, confusion, mix-up [Am].

relámpago lightning.

relatar to relate, tell.

religión [f] religion.

religioso religious. ▲ [n] member of a religious order.

reloj [m] clock, watch. ° andar (or marchar) como un reloj to be in perfect trim. ° reloj de pulsera wrist watch.

relucir [-zc-] to shine, glisten, glitter.

rellenar to refill; to fill up; to stuff.

relleno stuffed, filled. ▲ [m] stuffing. ° pimientos rellenos stuffed peppers.

remar to row (a boat).

remate [m] auction. ° de remate completely Estaba loco de remate. He was completely crazy.

remediar to remedy, repair Tenemos que remediar el daño. We'll have to repair the damage. ° no poder remediar not to be able to help No pudo remediar lo que pasó. He couldn't help what happened.

remedio remedy, medicine Se le dieron al enfermo varios remedios caseros. Various home remedies were given to the patient. ° ni para un remedio for love or money No pude encontrar un taxi ni para tin remedio. I couldn't get a taxi for love or money. ° no hay más remedio que there's nothing to do but No hay más remedio que dejarle marchar. There's nothing to do but let him go. ° no tener más remedio que to have no recourse but No tuve más remedio que ir. I had no recourse but to go. ° no tener remedio to be beyond repair Lo que has hecho no tiene remedio. What you've done's beyond repair. ° sin remedio hopeless, beyond hope Es un caso sin remedio. He's a hopeless case.

remendar [rad-ch I] to mend, patch, repair.

remiendo patch.

remitir to remit, send.

remo oar; [Slang] leg.

remolacha beet.

remolcar to tow.

remontar to go up Remontaron el curso del río. They went up the river. ° remontarse to get excited, be excited Procure Ud. no remontarse tanto. Try not to be so excited. ° remontarse a to go back to En su conferencia el profesor se remontó a fechas muy lejanas. The professor went back to very early times in his lecture. ▲ to date from, date back to Ese hecho se remonta al siglo dieciseis. That event dates back to the sixteenth century.

remordimiento remorse.

remover [rad-ch I] to dig up, loosen (soil) Removió la tierra para sembrar la semilla. He dug up the ground to plant the seeds. ▲ to stir Remueva Ud. la sopa. Stir the soup. ▲ to shake La explosión removió la casa. The explosion shook the house. ° remover (de un cargo or puesto) to dismiss (from a post or office) Removieron a todos los empleados. All the employees were dismissed.

rendir [rad-ch III] to yield, produce Esta hacienda rinde muy poco. This farm produces very little. ▲ to conquer, win (over) Con sus amabilidades la rindió. With his attentions, he conquered her. ▲ to surrender El general rindió la plaza al enemigo. The general surrendered the city to the enemy. ° estar rendido to be all in. ° rendir cuentas to give (or render) an account Tuvo que rendir cuentas. He had to render an account. ° rendirse to become exhausted, be worn out Se rindió de tanto correr. He became exhausted from running so hard. ▲ to surrender, give up Después de seis días se rindió la plaza. After six days the garrison surrendered. ▲ to yield, give in No quería rendirse a la evidencia. He didn't want to yield to the evidence.

rengo lame [Arg].

renguear to limp, hobble [Arg].

renquear to limp, hobble.

renta rent No hemos pagado la renta de la casa este mes. We haven't paid this month's rent on the house. ▲ income; interest (from a bank account) ¿Qué renta anual le produce su capital? What's the annual income on your capital?

rentar to rent for ¿Cuánto renta ese cuarto? How much does that room rent for? ▲ to produce, yield Estos valores rentarán mucho en el futuro. These stocks will yield a great deal in the future.

renuncia resignation; renunciation.

renunciar to resign Tuvo que renunciar a su puesto. He had to resign from his position. ▲ to refuse, reject Renunció a aquel honor. He refused that honor. ▲ to give up, renounce Hay que renunciar a esos planes. Those plans have to be given up.

reñido (see reñir) on bad terms Estamos reñidos. We're on bad terms.

reñir [rad-ch III] to wrangle, quarrel, argue Le gustaba reñir por cualquier cosa. He'd quarrel about anything. ▲ to scold No le riña Ud. más. Don't scold him any more.

reorganizar to reorganize.

reparar to repair Había que reparar el edificio. The building had to be repaired. ° reparar en to consider No reparó en las consecuencias. He didn't consider the consequences. ▲ to notice No reparó en el saludo que le hice. He didn't notice my greeting.

reparo objection Los reparos de Ud. no son razonables. Your objections aren't reasonable. ° poner reparo(s) to make objection(s) ¿Puso algún reparo a aquella carta? Did he make any objections to that letter? || Es un hombre de muchos reparos. He's a very discreet man.

repartir to distribute. ° repartirse to share, divide Nos repartimos el pastel. We divided the cake among ourselves.

reparto sharing, distribution; delivery (of goods, mail).

repasar to check Repase Ud. esa cuenta detenidamente. Check that account carefully. ▲ to review Repase Ud. las lecciones. Review your lessons. ▲ to mend Había que repasar aquella ropa. Those clothes had to be mended.

repaso review (of a lesson); mending.

repente [m] sudden impulse Tuvo un repente y se declaró. He had a sudden impulse and proposed to her. ° de repente suddenly, unexpectedly Llegó de repente. He arrived unexpectedly.

repentino sudden.

repetición [f] repetition El informe estaba lleno de repeticiones. The report was full of repetitions. ▲ encore El público entusiasmado pidió la repetición. The enthusiastic audience asked for an encore.

repetir [rad-ch III] to repeat Haga el favor de repetir esa palabra. Please repeat that word.

replicar to reply, answer back; to argue.

replicón insolent (of children or servants).

reponer [irr] to replace Repuso de fondos su cuenta corriente. He replaced the funds in his current account. ▲ to repair Hay que reponer este ventilador. This electric fan has to be repaired. ° reponerse to recover (health) Se marchó al campo para reponerse. He went to the country to recover his health.

reposar to rest.

reposo rest. ° sin reposo ceaselessly, endlessly Habla sin reposo. He talks endlessly.

representación [f] performance (usually of a play) ¿A qué hora empieza la representación? What time does the play begin? ° en representación de representing, as a representative of Fué a México en representación de su país. He went to Mexico as his country's representative.

representante [adj] representative. ▲ [m] traveling salesman, agent.

representar to represent; to perform.

represión [f] repression, suppression Medidas de represión. Repressive measures.

reprimir to suppress, repress Reprimieron la sublevación. They suppressed the revolt. ° reprimirse to repress oneself, control oneself No pudo reprimirse por más tiempo. He could control himself no longer.

reprochar to reproach.

reproducción [f] reproduction (biology). ▲ reproduction Aquel instrumento servía para la reproducción del sonido. That instrument was used to reproduce the sound. ▲ reproduction, copy Hizo una buena reproducción de un cuadro de Velazquez. He made a good copy of a Velazquez painting.

reproducir [-zc-] to reproduce.

república republic.

republicano [adj; m] republican.

repuesto See reponer. ° de repuesto extra, spare (of a part).

repugnante repugnant; repulsive.

repugnar to cause disgust (or loathing) in Me repugna esa sopa. I loathe that soup. — Me repugna hacerlo. I hate to do it.

requerir [rad-ch II] to summon Lo requirieron para declarar. They summoned him to testify. ▲ to require Este trabajo requiere cuidado. This work requires care.

requisito requisite, requirement.

res [f] head of cattle.

resaltar to stand out (by contrast).

resbaladizo slippery.

resbalar(se) to slip Tenga cuidado no vaya a resbalarse. Be careful you don't slip.

resbaloso slippery [Am] El camino era muy resbaloso. The road was very slippery.

rescate [m] ransom; exchange (of prisoners).

reserva secrecy, discretion Se aconseja reserva en este asunto. Discretion's advisable in this matter. ▲ reserve Estaba en la reserva militar. He was in the military reserve. ° guardar reserva to use discretion, be discreet Por favor, guarde Ud. reserva en esto. Please be discreet about this.

reservado (See reservar) reserved Era muy reservado. He was very reserved.

reservar to reserve Le reservó la habitación hasta su regreso. She reserved the room for him until his return. ▲ to keep in reserve Reserve Ud. ese dinero, puede hacerle falta. Keep that money in reserve; you may need it. ° reservarse to keep for oneself Se reservó el mejor asiento. He kept the best seat for himself. || Reservado el derecho de admisión. Catering to a restricted clientele.

resfriado cold (sickness).

resfriarse to catch cold.

residencia residence, house; student's boarding house.

residente [adj] resident.

residir to reside, live.

resignarse to be resigned.

resistencia resistance; strength, stamina.

resistente strong; resistant.

resistir to resist, put up resistance Resistieron en la ciudad durante un mes. They resisted in the city for a month. ° resistirse a to refuse to Se resistió a comer. He refused to eat.

resolución [f] decision, resolution; courage, resoluteness.

resolver [rad-ch I] to decide Era necesario resolver con toda urgencia. ▲ decision had to be made immediately. ▲ to solve Resolvió el problema. He solved the problem. ° resolverse to bring oneself to the point (of) No se resuelve a tomar una decisión. He can't bring himself to the point of making a decision.

respaldar to indorse Respalde Ud. este documento. Indorse this document. ▲ to back, support El jefe respaldaba sus actos. The chief supported his actions.

respaldo back (of a seat).

respecto ° (con) respecto a with respect to, with regard to.

respetable respectable Era un hombre respetable. He was a respectable man. ▲ considerable Le debía una cantidad respetable. I owed him a considerable sum.

respeto respect.

respiración [f] respiration Le faltó la respiración. He got short of breath.

respirar to breathe Respire Ud. fuerte. Breathe deeply.

responder to answer, respond No respondió riada. He didn't answer anything. ▲ to respond, react Ha respondido muy bien al tratamiento. He responded very well to the treatment. ▲ to be the result, be due Esa ley responde a una necesidad pública. That law's the result of a public need. ▲ to repay, requite. ° responder de to answer for ¿Quién responde de los daños? Who answers for the damages? ▲ to back (up) ¿Quién responde de él? Who backs him up?

responsable responsible, reliable Es un hombre muy responsable. He's a very responsible man. ° ser responsable to be in charge Quién es la persona responsable aquí? Who's in charge here? ° ser responsable de to be responsible for, be to blame for Ese hombre es responsable del incendio. That man's responsible for the fire.

responsabilidad [f] responsibility.

respuesta answer, reply.

resquebrajado cracked.

resta subtraction.

restar to subtract. ▲ to be left, remain No resta nada que hacer. Nothing remains to be done.

restaurante [m] restaurant.

resto remainder, balance, rest Es el resto del dinero. It's the rest of the money. ▲ pile, stack (of chips in playing cards) Le juego mi resto. I bet my pile. ° echar el resto to do one's best Echó el resto por conseguir trabajo. He did his best to get a job. ° restos leftovers Esa cocinera sabe aprovechar los restos. That cook knows how to use leftovers. ° restos (mortales) (mortal) remains Trasladaron los restos al cementerio. They took the remains to the cemetery.

restorán [m] restaurant.

resuelto (see resolver) determined, resolute Es un hombre muy resuelto. He's a very determined man.

resultado result.

resultar to result, turn out La fiesta resultó muy bien. The party turned out very well. ▲ to wear, last ¿Qué traje le ha resultado mejor? Which suit wore better?

resumen [m] summary, abstract, resume. ° en resumen in brief, in short.

retener [irr] to withhold Le retuvieron el sueldo aquel mes. They withheld his salary that month. ▲ to keep, remember, retain (in one's mind) No podía retener las fechas en la cabeza. He couldn't remember dates. ▲ to hold, keep Retuvieron aquella colina dos días más. They held that hill two more days.

retirada retreat, retirement, withdrawal.

retirar to withdraw Puede Ud. retirar esa cantidad del Banco. You may withdraw that amount from the bank. ▲ to pull back, put aside Retire un poco la silla para que se pueda pasar. Pull the chair aside a little so there'll be room to pass. ▲ to retire Lo retiraron a los setenta años. They retired him at seventy. ° retirarse to withdraw, retreat Las fuerzas se retiraron. The forces withdrew. ▲ to retire Se ha retirado de los negocios. He's retired from business.

retiro retirement (from social life, business, or profession).

retrasar to postpone Retrasaron la fecha de la reunión. They postponed the date of the meeting. ▲ to delay Ciertos asuntos me retrasaron. Some business delayed me. ▲ to set back Retrasó el reloj. He set back his watch. ° retrasarse to run slow El reloj se retrasa. That clock runs slow. ▲ to be late Siento haberme retrasado tanto. I'm sorry to be so late.

retratar to portray; to take a picture of.

retrato portrait, painting, photograph.

retrete [m] toilet (room) [Sp].

retroceder to go back, come back Retrocedió unos pasos para reunirse con nosotros. He came back a few steps to join us. ▲ to back up El auto retrocedió hasta quedar enfrente de la puerta. The car backed up until it was in front of the door. ▲ to draw back, go back (on) No podía retroceder de su decisión. He couldn't go back on his decision.

reunión [f] meeting, gathering, assembly, party.

reunir to unite, gather, bring together Reunió todos sus amigos en una fiesta. He brought all his friends together at a party. ▲ to collect Reunieron mucho dinero en la función benéfica. They collected a lot of money at the benefit. ° reunirse to meet Se reúnen en su casa todos los miércoles. They meet at his home every Wednesday. ▲ to unite, gang up Se han reunido todos contra mí. They've all ganged up on me.

revelación [f] revelation.

revelar to reveal, show Revela gran talento. He shows great talent. ▲ to develop ¿Reveló Ud. ya las fotografías? Have you developed the pictures yet?

reventar [rad-ch I] to burst, bust La cañería reventó. The water main busted. ▲ to annoy (to death), irritate Ese tipo me revienta. That fellow annoys me to death. ▲ to burst, be full Reventaba de salud. He was bursting with health. ▲ to exhaust, knock out La caminata me reventó. The long walk exhausted me. ° estar reventado to be exhausted, be knocked out Después de esa caminata estoy reventado. After that long walk I'm knocked out. ° reventarse to blow out, explode Se reventó un neumático. A tire blew out.

revés [m] wrong side, reverse side Ese es el revés de la tela. This is the wrong side of the material. ▲ slap (with back of hand). ▲ backhand shot Fué un buen revés. It was a good backhand shot. ° al revés the contrary, the opposite No es así, precisamente es al revés. It's not like this; it's just the opposite. ▲ the wrong way, wrong Todo le salía al revés. Everything he did went wrong. ° del revés inside out, wrong side out La chaqueta está del revés. The jacket's wrong side out.

revisar to revise; to review, examine.

revisor [m] conductor (on train) [Sp].

revista review Se pasó revista a los soldados. The soldiers were reviewed. ▲ magazine Es una revista muy cara. It's a very expensive magazine.

revolución [f] revolution, revolt; revolution, turn.

revolucionario [adj; m] revolutionary.

revólver [m] revolver, pistol.

revolver [rad-ch I] to revolve. ▲ to stir Revuélvalo Ud. con una cuchara. Stir it with a spoon. ▲ to turn upside down El niño lo revolvía todo en la casa. The child was turning the house upside down.

revuelta revolt Lo revuelta empezó en un cuartel. The revolt started in one of the barracks. ▲ turn Al llegar a la revuelta del camino, paró. He stopped when he reached the turn in the road.

revuelto (see revolver) [adj] topsy-turvy.

rey [m] king.

rezar to pray, say (prayers) Rezaba todos los días sus oraciones. He said his prayers every day. ° rezar con to concern or affect La orden no reza conmigo. The order doesn't concern me.

rezo [m] praying.

rico rich, wealthy Era el más rico del pueblo. He was the richest man in the town. ▲ rich (in) Hay vegetales muy ricos en vitaminas. Some vegetables are very rich in vitamins. ▲ delicious ¡Qué más rico el sabor de esta carne! What a delicious flavor this meat has! ▲ cute ¡Qué niño más rico! What a cute child!

ridículo ridiculous Su aspecto era ridículo. His appearance was ridiculous. ° poner en ridículo to put in a ridiculous position La conducta de su mujer lo puso en ridículo. The conduct of his wife put him in a ridiculous position.

ridiculizar to ridicule.

rienda rein Sujete Ud. bien las ríendas. Hold on to the reins. ° a rienda suelta without restraint Se rió a rienda suelta. He laughed without restraint. ° dar rienda suelta a to give free rein to Dio rienda al llanto. She gave free rein to her tears.

riesgo danger, risk Corrió mucho riesgo. He ran a big risk.

rifar to raffle.

rígido stiff, rigid; severe, stern.

rigor [m] rigor, severity. ° en rigor in fact. ° ser de rigor to be indispensable.

riguroso rigorous, strict, severe.

rincón [m] (inside) corner Ponga Ud. la silla en el rincón. Put the chair in the corner. ▲ remote spot Buscó un rincón donde vivir tranquilo. He looked for a remote spot where he could live quietly.

riñon [m] kidney.

río river.

riqueza wealth; abundance.

risa laugh, laughter La risa es contagiosa. Laughter's contagious. ° cosa de risa a laughing matter No es cosa de risa. It's not a laughing matter.

risueño smiling, cheerful.

rizador [m] curler, curling iron.

rizo curl.

robar to rob, plunder Ese hombre roba a todo el mundo. That man robs everybody. ▲ to steal Robó el dinero. He stole the money. ▲ to draw (in cards) Ahora le toca a Ud. robar. Now it's your turn to draw.

roble [m] oak.

robo robbery, theft.

robusto robust, vigorous, hale.

roca rock; cliff.

rodar [rad-ch I] to roll La piedra rodaba cuesta abajo. The stone was rolling downhill. ▲ to wander about, roam Empezó a rodar por el mundo. He began to roam around the world. ▲ to roll in Ahora rueda el dinero más que nanea. Now the money rolls in more than ever. ° rodar una película to shoot a movie Se empezó a rodar la película. They started shooting the picture.

rodear to surround, encircle El río rodeaba la ciudad. The river surrounded the city. — La casa está rodeada de árboles. The house is surrounded with trees. ▲ to take the long way around. ° rodearse to surround oneself Procuró rodearse de buenos amigos. He tried to surround himself with good friends.

rodeo turn, winding Ese camino da un rodeo muy grande. The road makes a wide turn. ▲ roundup Hubo rodeo la semana pasada. There was a roundup last week. ° dejarse de rodeos to stop beating around the bush Déjese de rodeos y conteste claramente. Stop beating around the bush and give me a straight answer.

rodilla knee Póngase Ud. de rodillas. Get down on your knees. ▲ dusting cloth, rag Limpie Ud. con esa rodilla. Clean it with that rag.

rogar [rad-ch I] to request, beg Me rogó que le esperara. He begged me to wait for him. ▲ to plead Le rogó y le rogó pero no consiguió convencerle. He pleaded and pleaded but couldn't convince him.

rojo red. ° al rojo red-hot, to red heat.

rollo roll, anything rolled up.

romance [m] ballad, poem.

romántico romantic.

romper [irr] to break Rompió el vaso. He broke the glass. ▲ to break, break off relations Han roto con esa familia. They've broken with that family. ° al romper el día, al romper el alba at dawn, at daybreak. ° romper a to start to Rompió a hablar cuando nadie lo esperaba. He started to talk when nobody expected it. ° romper la marcha to lead the march Rompía la marcha un escuadrón de caballería. A squadron of cavalry led the march. ° romperse to break ¡Cuidado que puede romperse! Be careful, it may break! ▲ to fracture, break (bone) Se rompió una pierna. He broke his leg. ▲ to be torn Se le ha roto el traje. Your dress is torn.

roncar to snore.

ronco hoarse.

ropa clothes Voy a planchar la ropa. I'm going to iron the clothes. ° a quema ropa point-blank Le disparó a quema ropa. He fired at him point-blank. ° ropa blanca linen. ° ropa hecha ready-made clothes. ° ropa limpia clean laundry. ° ropa sucia soiled laundry.

ropero closet, wardrobe.

rosa rose. ° color de rosa pink.

rosario rosary.

rosca thread (screw); spiral. ▲ ring (bread or cake). ° hacer la rosca to flatter.

rostro face.

roto (See romper) broken La silla estaba rota. The chair was broken. — El compromiso quedó roto. The engagement was broken. ▲ tear Tiene Ud. un roto en el pantalón. You have a tear in your trousers.

rótulo sign.

rozadura chafed spot, sore spot.

rozar to clear (ground) Empezó a rozar la tierra. He began to clear the ground. ▲ to graze, rub El avión rozó ligeramente el suelo. The airplane grazed the ground. || No le gustaba rozarse con nadie. He didn't like to have anything to do with anybody.

rubia [f] blonde.

rubio [adj] blond (e), fair.

rúbrica flourish, mark, distinctive flourish after a signature.

rudo rude, rough Aquel hombre era muy rudo. That man was very rude. ▲ hard La jornada fué muy ruda. The journey was very hard.

rueda wheel.

ruego plea, request.

ruido noise ¿Qué ruido es ese? What's that noise? ▲ comment, discussion Aquel suceso dio mucho ruido. That event caused a lot of comment. || Mucho ruido y pocas nueces. Much ado about nothing.

ruidoso noisy.

ruina ruin, decline Aquel negocio fué su ruina. That business was his ruin. ° en ruinas in ruins La ciudad quedó en ruinas. The city was left in ruins.

ruinoso ruinous.

rumba rumba (dance).

rumbo direction Salió con rumbo a Europa. He left for Europe. ° fiesta de rumbo lavish party.

rumor [m] murmur Un rumor confuso salió del público. A confused murmur arose from the crowd. ▲ rumor Corre el rumor de que va a cambiar la política. Rumor has it that there'll be a change of policy.

rústico rustic, rural.

ruta route, way.

sábado Saturday.

sábana sheet.

saber [irr] to know ¿Sabe Ud. español? Do you know Spanish? ▲ to know how ¿Sabe Ud. nadar? Do you know how to swim? — Sabe Ud. cómo llegar a ese lugar? Do you know how to get to that place? ▲ to taste Esto sabe mal. This tastes bad. ▲ to ... usually or customarily [Am] Sabe venir los domingos. He usually comes on Sunday. ° a saber namely, i.e. Son tres : a saber, Enrique, Juan y María. They are three; namely, Henry, John, and Mary. ° demasiado saber to know only too well Demasiado sé que es verdad. I know only too well that it is true. ° saber a to taste of La sopa sabe a ajo. The soup tastes of garlic. ° saberse to become known, be found out ¡Cuidado, puede saberse! Be careful, you may be found out! ° un no sé qué a certain something Ella tiene un no sé qué muy agradable. She has a certain something that is very pleasing. || ¡Qué sé yo! How do I know? || ¿Quién sabe? Who knows? || ¡Ya lo sé! I know (it) !

sabiduría learning, knowledge.

sabio [adj] wise Doña María es une mujer muy sabia. Mary's a very wise woman. ▲ [n] learned or wise person.

sablazo borrowing. ° dar un sablazo to make a touch, borrow Anoche me dio un sablazo de cinco dólares. Last night he touched me for five dollars.

sable [m] saber.

sabor [m] taste, flavor El sabor de este vino es delicioso. The flavor of this wine is delicious. ° dar sabor to season No le daba sabor a lo que guisaba. She didn't season her cooking.

saborear to taste, to relish.

sabroso savory, tasty.

sabueso hound.

sacacorchos [m sg] corkscrew.

sacar to draw (out) Saqué dinero del banco. I drew some money from the bank. ▲ to take out Saque Ud. las manos de los bolsillos. Take your hands out of your pockets. ▲ to take off ho sacaron del equipo. They took him off the team. ▲ to bring out, manufacture Están sacando nuevos modelos de aeroplanos. They are bringing out new airplane models. ▲ to put out Sacó la cabeza por la ventana. He put his head out of the window. ▲ to relieve [Am] La medicina le sacó la fiebre. The medicine relieved his fever. ▲ to get ¿De dónde han sacado Uds. esa idea? Where did you get that idea? ▲ to get out Nos sacó de un apuro. He got us out of trouble. ▲ to win Saqué un premio en el sorteo. I won a prize at the drawing. ▲ to accomplish ¿Qué saca Ud. con eso? What do you accomplish by that? ▲ to get out, draw out Le sacaron el secreto. They got the secret out of him. ° sacar a bailar to invite for a dance Voy a sacar a bailar a aquella chica. I'm going to ask that girl to dance. ° sacar a relucir to bring up Siempre saca a relucir cosas que sería mejor olvidar. He always brings up things it would be better to forget. ° sacar copia to make a copy Hay que sacar varias copias de la carta. It's necessary to make several copies of the letter. ° sacar el jugo to squeeze, work (one) hard Les saca el jugo a sus empleados. He's working his employees to the bone. ° sacar en claro to clear up, come to a conclusion No sacó nada en claro. He didn't come to a conclusion. ° sacar la cuenta to figure out Hay que sacar la cuenta. It's necessary to figure out the bill. ° sacar (la pelota) to serve (the ball); to kick off. ° sacarse to take off [Am] Estaba sacándose los guantes. He was taking off his gloves. ° sacar una fotografía to take a picture. ° sacar ventaja to take the lead Mi caballo sacó ventaja en la carrera. My horse took the lead in the race. ° sacar ventaja de to profit by Sacó ventaja de ese negocio. He profited by that business.

sacerdote [m] priest.

saco sack, bag Guarde Ud. eso en el saco. Keep that in the bag. ▲ coat, jacket [Am] Le sienta muy bien ese saco. That coat looks good on him. ° saco de viaje traveling bag.

sacrificar to sacrifice Sacrificaron a su hijo. They sacrificed their son.

sacrificio sacrifice.

sacudir to shake Salió a la terraza a sacudir la ropa. She went out on the terrace to shake out the clothes. ▲ to jolt El autobús sacudió a los pasajeros al parar repentinamente. The bus jolted the passengers when it stopped suddenly. ▲ to beat (remove dust) Hay que sacudir esas alfombras. Those rugs have to be beaten. ▲ to shake off, snap out of ¡Ya es hora de que sacuda Ud. la pereza! It's time for you to snap out of your laziness!

sagrado sacred, holy.

sainete [m] one-act farce; farce La vida es un sainete. Life is a farce.

sal [f] salt.

sala living room, parlor El piso tiene una sala grande. The apartment has a large living room. ° sala (de música) (music) hall.

salado [adj] salted, salty No le gustaba el jamón salado. He didn't like salty ham. ▲ witty Es un tipo muy salado. He's a very witty fellow. ▲ cute, winsome Es una chica muy salada. She's a very cute girl. ▲ unlucky [Am] Está salado. He's unlucky. ▲ expensive [Arg] Es muy salado. It's very expensive.

salario salary, wages.

salchicha sausage.

salchichón [m] sausage (large).

saldo balance ¿Cuál es el saldo de mi cuenta? What is the balance of my account? ▲ sale Hubo un saldo en esa tienda. There was a sale in that store.

salero salt cellar.

salida exit; departure La salida de incendios tiene luz roja. The emergency exit has a red light. ▲ departure Esperemos hasta la salida del barco. Let's wait till the boat sails. ▲ comeback Tenía muy buenas salidas. He always had a snappy comeback. ▲ expenditure Entradas y salidas. Income and expenditures. ° callejón sin salida dead-end street, blind alley. ° dar salida a to clear out, dispose of Hay que dar salida a estos artículos. We must clear out these goods.

salir [irr] to go (or come) out, leave, get out Salieron con Juan. They went out with John. ▲ to stick out Le sale mucho el pañuelo del bolsillo. His handkerchief sticks way out of his pocket. ▲ to come out, be published ¿Ha salido ya el último número de esta revista? Has the latest issue of this magazine come out yet? ▲ to come off (or out), disappear Estas manchas no salen. These spots don't come off. ▲ to rise Quiso ver salir el sol. He wanted to see the sun rise. ▲ to grow, to come up Empieza a salir el trigo. The wheat is beginning to come up. ▲ to begin (games, sports) A Ud. le toca salir. It's your turn to begin. ▲ to draw (prize) ¿Qué número salió premiado? Which number drew the prize? ▲ to cost Esto me sale muy caro. This costs me a lot. ▲ to turn out El niño salió muy listo. The child turned out to be very bright. ▲ to end [Am] Al salir el verano regresaremos. We'll return when the season ends. ° salir a bailar con to dance with Salió a bailar con mi hermana. He danced with my sister. ° salir bien, salir mal to come out well, come out badly Salió bien en los exámenes. He came out well in his examinations. ° salir con to come out with ¿Ahora sale Ud. con eso? Now you come out with that? ° salir de compras to go shopping. ° salir diputado to be elected a congressman ¿Quienes salieron diputados? Which congressmen were elected? ° salir ganando to come out ahead, win ¿Quién salió ganando? Who came out ahead? — ¿Quién sale ganando? Who's winning? ° salirse to leak Este cacharro se sale. This pot leaks. ▲ to leave, go out Me salí del teatro. I left the theater. ° salirse con la suya to have one's own way Siempre se sale con la suya. He always has his own way. — Siempre me salgo con la mía. I always have my own way. ° salirse de to get out of, to dispose of Voy a ver si me salgo de este negocio. I'll see if I can get out of this deal.

saliva saliva, spit.

salmón [m] salmon.

salón [m] living room, hall, salon. ° salón de baile dance hall.

salpicar to spatter El automóvil le salpicó el traje de barro. The car spattered his suit with mud.

salsa gravy, sauce. || Estaba en su propia salsa. He felt at home. or He was in his element.

saltar to jump Salté de la cama al oír el despertador. I jumped out of bed when I heard the alarm clock. ▲ to pop out Saltó el tapón y salió el líquido. The cork popped out and the liquid spilled. ▲ to bounce, bound Esta pelota no salta. This ball doesn't bounce. ▲ to spring Saltó en su defensa. He sprang to her defense. ° saltar a la vista to be self-evident Eso salta a la vista. That is self-evident. ° saltarse to skip Me he saltado un renglón. I skipped a line. ▲ to pop off Al desabrocharme el saco se me saltó un botón. A button popped off while I was unbuttoning my coat. ▲ to crack, break El cristal se saltó son el calor. The glass cracked from the heat.

salto jump Este salto es muy peligroso. This is a very dangerous jump. ° dar un salto mortal to turn a somersault. ° de un salto in a flash De un salto se plantó en la puerta. In a flash he was at the door. ° salto de agua waterfall. ° salto mortal somersault.

salud [f] health Su salud era perfecta. He was in perfect health. ° saludos regards, greetings [Am] Mi familia le envía muchos saludos. My family sends you their regards. || ¡A su salud! To your health! || ¡Salud! Hello! or Greetings! or Good luck!

saludable healthful.

saludar to greet Nos saludó de una manera muy fría. He greeted us very coldly. ▲ to salute (Mil). || Le saludo a Ud. atentamente. Sincerely yours. or Yours truly.

saludo greeting, salutation, salute Su saludo fué muy cordial. His greeting was very cordial. — Saludo militar. Military salute.

salvación [f] salvation.

salvador, salvadora savior, rescuer.

salvaje [adj] savage, wild En el parque había animales salvajes. There were wild animals in the park. ▲ [m] savage, uncivilized person Los salvajes atacaron el fuerte. The savages attacked the fort.

salvar to save, rescue Había que salvar a muchas víctimas. There were many victims to be saved. ▲ to cover, clear, jump over Salvó la zanja de un salto. He cleared the ditch with one jump.

salvo except He revisado el libro salvo el último capítulo. I have revised the book except for the last chapter. ° ponerse a salvo to escape, reach safety Pudo ponerse a salvo del incendio. He was able to escape from the fire. ° salvo que unless Salvo que llueva mucho, iremos al campo. Unless it rains hard, we'll go to the country.

san [adj] (see santo) saint San Francisco. Saint Francis.

sanar to heal, to cure.

sangre [f] blood. ° a sangre fría in cold blood Lo hizo a sangre fría. He did it in cold blood. ° hacer hervir la sangre to make the blood boil ¡Eso me hace hervir la sangre! That makes my blood boil ! ° sangre fría composure, coolness of mind Su sangre fría es notable. His coolness of mind is well known. ° subídsele a uno la sangre a la cabeza to become excited, see red.

sangriento bloody.

sanidad [f] health Pertenecía a la junta de Sanidad. He belonged to the Board of Health.

sano healthy Estaba muy sana. She was very healthy. ▲ healthful Esta región tiene un clima muy sano. This region has a very healthful climate. ▲ honest, good. ° sano y salvo safe and sound Al fin le vimos sano y salvo. At last we saw him safe and sound.

santidad [f] holiness, sanctity.

santo holy, saintly. ▲ [n] saint.

saque ° el saque the kick-off (soccer, football); serve Ud. tiene el saque. It's your serve.

sarape [m] blanket [Mex]; type of woven material [Mex].

sardina sardine.

sarna mange; itch (disease).

sartén [m or f] frying pan.

sastre [m] tailor.

satisfacción [f] satisfaction.

satisfacer [irr] to satisfy No me satisface su trabajo. His work doesn't satisfy me. ▲ to pay in full Había que satisfacer aquella deuda. The debt had to be paid in full. ° satisfacerse to be satisfied, be convinced Se satisfizo con la explicación. He was satisfied with the explanation.

satisfactorio satisfactory.

satisfecho (see satisfacer) satisfied.

saya skirt.

sazón [f] ripeness, maturity. ° a la sazón at that time A la sazón estaba yo en España. At that time I was in Spain. ° en sazón ripe La fruta está en sazón. The fruit is ripe.

sazón almost ripe [Am] Este plátano está sazón. This banana is almost ripe.

sazonar to season La cocinera sazona bien la comida. The cook seasons the food well. ▲ to ripen (of fruit) Esa fruta sazona en la primavera. That fruit ripens in the spring.

se oneself, himself, herself, themselves, yourselves; to (or for) himself, herself, etc; (used for le, les) to him, to her, etc Se afeita. He's shaving himself. — El se dijo. He said to himself. — Se lo doy a Ud. (a él, a ellos, etc). I'm giving it to you (to him, to them, etc). ▲ to each other, to one another Se escriben todos los días. They write to each other every day. ▲ (as an indefinite subject) Se dice. They say. or It's said. ▲ (for passive voice, without agent) Se construyó una casa. ▲ house was built.

secante annoying [Arg]. ▲ blotting. ▲ [m] blotter. ° papel secante blotting paper.

secar to dry Hay que secar los platos. It's necessary to dry the dishes. ° secarse to dry oneself Procure Ud. secarse bien. Try to dry yourself thoroughly. ▲ to wither, dry Las flores se secaron. The flowers withered.

sección [f] section, division ¿En qué sección trabaja Ud.? In what section do you work?

seco dry Tengo la garganta seca. My throat is dry. — Aquí no existe la ley seca. There's no dry law here. ▲ abrupt, curt Era un hombre muy seco. He was a very curt man. ▲ dried Frutas secas. Dried fruits. ° a secas only, just Me llamo Pepe a secas. My name is just Joe. ▲ curtly Le contestó a secas. He answered her curtly. ° en seco high and dry, aground. ° parar en seco to stop abruptly.

secretaría secretary's office; secretariat.

secretario, secretaria secretary Fué secretario del Alcalde. He was the Mayor's secretary.

secreto secret Guarde Ud. el secreto. Keep the secret. ° un secreto a voces an open secret Su casamiento era un secreto a voces. Her marriage was an open secret.

secuestro kidnapping.

sed [f] thirst Estoy muerto de sed. I'm dying of thirst. ° tener sed to be thirsty Tengo sed. I'm thirsty. ° tener sed de to be hungry for Tenía sed de noticias. He was hungry for news.

seda silk.

seguida ° en seguida right away, immediately Voy en seguida. I'm going right away.

seguir [rad-ch III] to follow, keep up with No puedo seguirle a Ud. I can't follow you. — No vaya tan de prisa porque no puedo seguirle a Ud. Don't go so fast because I can't keep up with you. ▲ to follow, come after ¿Qué sigue después? What comes afterwards? ▲ to continue Siguió hablando más de dos horas. He kept on talking for more than two hours. ▲ to keep Siga a la derecha. Keep to the right.

según according to La casa está hecha según los planos. The house is built according to plans. ▲ as Hágalo según le digo. Do it as I tell you. ▲ depending on Saldré o no, según esté el tiempo. I shall go or stay, depending on the weather. ▲ it (or that) depends Según; si tengo tiempo iré. It depends; I'll go if I have the time. ° según y conforme, según y como that depends.

segundo [adj] second. ▲ [m] second Espéreme un segundo, ahora vuelvo. Wait a second, I'll be right back. ° segunda intención double meaning Lo dijo con segunda intención. What he said had a double meaning.

seguridad [f] security ¿Qué seguridad me ofrece Ud.? What security can you give me? ° caja de seguridad safe-deposit box. ° con (toda) seguridad certainly, surely Vendrá con toda seguridad. He'll surely come.

seguro sure, certain ¿Está Ud. seguro de que no vendrá? Are you sure he won't come? ▲ safe Este puente es muy seguro. This bridge is very safe. ▲ secure ¿Está el clavo bien seguro? Is the nail in firmly? ▲ steady, sure Su paso no es seguro. His step is not steady. — Anda con paso seguro. He walks with a sure step. ▲ [m] safety catch Puso la pistola en el seguro. He put the safety catch of his pistol on. ▲ insurance ¿Quiere Ud. hacerse un seguro de vida? Do you wish to take out a life insurance policy?

seis six.

selección [f] selection, choice.

seleccionar to choose Seleccionaron a los jugadores. They chose the players.

selecto distinguished, select Había un público muy selecto. There was a very distinguished audience.

sellar to stamp Selle Ud. esos localidades. Stamp those tickets. ▲ to seal Sellaba las cartas. He was sealing the letters.

sello seal El notario puso su sello en el documento. The notary placed his seal on the document. ▲ stamp ¿En qué ventanilla venden sellos? At what window do they sell stamps? ▲ capsule, pill Compró unos sellos para el dolor de cabeza. He bought some headache pills.

selva jungle, woods, forest.

semana week ¿En qué día de la semana estamos? What day of the week is it? ° semana inglesa five-day week. ° Semana Santa Holy Week (Easter).

semanal [adj] weekly.

semblante [m] look, expression.

sembrar [rad-ch I] to sow En el otoño sembraremos. We'll sow in the fall. ▲ to spread Siembra la discordia entre sus compañeros. He spread discord among his friends.

semejante [adj] similar Las dos historias son muy semejantes. The two stories are very similar. ▲ such No creo en semejante cosa. Don't believe such a thing. ▲ [m] fellow-man Piense que son sus semejantes. Remember that they're your fellow-men.

semejanza resemblance, similarity.

semilla seed.

senado senate.

senador [m] senator.

sencillez [f] simplicity Vestía con mucha sencillez. She dressed very simply. ▲ naturalness Atraía por la sencillez de su carácter. She attracted people because of her naturalness.

sencillo [adj] plain Habla de una manera sencilla. She speaks plainly. ▲ unaffected Su amigo es muy sencillo. Your friend is very unaffected. senda path.

sendero path, byway.

sensación [f] sensation.

sensato sensible, wise.

sensible sensitive, keen Tenía el oído muy sensible. He had a keen sense of hearing.

sentar [rad-ch I] to seat Voy a sentarle en la última fila. I'm going to seat him in the last row. ▲ to fit Aquel traje no le sentaba bien. That suit didn't fit him well. ° sentarle a uno bien (or mal) to agree (or disagree) with one La langosta no le sentó bien. The lobster didn't agree with him. — Este clima me sienta bien. This climate agrees with me. ° sentarle mal (or no sentarle bien) a uno not to set well (with one) Lo que dijo no vie sentó bien. What he said didn't set well with me. ° sentarse to sit down Siéntese Ud. Sit down.

sentencia sentence El tribunal dictó la sentencia. The court pronounced (the) sentence.

sentido sincere Sus palabras eran muy sentidas. His words were very sincere. ▲ moving Su discurso era muy sentido. His address was very moving. ▲ [m] sense (of five senses) El sentido del olfato. The sense of smell. ▲ meaning Esto tiene doble sentido. This has a double meaning. ▲ direction Caminaba en sentido contrario. He was walking in the opposite direction. ° estar sentido to be offended, hurt Está sentida por lo que le dijeron. She is offended because of what they told her. ° perder el sentido to lose consciousness Perdió el sentido y cayó al suelo. He lost consciousness and fell to the ground. ° sentido común common sense. ° tener sentido to make sense No tenía sentido lo que escribía. What he was writing didn't make sense.

sentimental sentimental.

sentimiento sentiment, feeling Era persona de buenos sentimientos. He was a person of good sentiments. ▲ sorrow, grief Su sentimiento fué muy grande. His sorrow was very great. ° persona de malos sentimientos malicious person.

sentir [rad-ch II] to feel Siento un dolor en las articulaciones. I feel a pain in my joints. ▲ to sense, feel, hear Siento pasos. I hear footsteps. ▲ to regret Eso es lo que más siento de todo. That's what I regret most of all. ▲ to be sorry Siento mucho molestarle. I'm very sorry to bother you. ° sentirse to feel Se sentía enfermo. He felt ill. ° sentirse molesto to be annoyed So tenía porqué sentirse molesto. He had no reason to be annoyed.

seña sign Hizo una seña con la mano. He made a sign with his hand. ▲ trace, sign No quedaron ni señas del pastel. Not a trace of the cake remained. ▲ mark Tiene una seña en la cara. He has a mark on his face. ° señas address Escriba Ud. a estas señas. Write to this address. ° señas digitales fingerprints. ° señas personales personal description.

señal [f] mark Ponga una señal en esa página. Put a mark on that page. ▲ signal La señal de avance fué un disparo. ▲ shot was the signal to advance. ° en señal as a deposit ¿Quiere Ud. que deje algún dinero en señal? Do you want me to leave some money as a deposit? ° señal de peligro distress signal; danger signal. ° señales de tráfico traffic signs.

señalar to mark Señale Ud. esto con totea. Mark this with ink. ▲ to point out, mark Señale Ud. los errores que encuentre. Point out the errors you find. ▲ to set Hay que señalar el dia de la reunión. The date of the reunion must be set. ° señalar con el dedo to point (with the finger).

señor [m] Mr. ¿Está el señor Palacios? Is Mr. Palacios in? ▲ sir Sí señor, tiene Ud. razón. Yes sir, you're right. ▲ man Me han dicho que es un señor muy fino. I have heard that he's a very fine man. ▲ gentleman Hay un señor esperándole. There's a gentleman waiting for him. ° el señor de la casa the master of the house. ° Señor Lord. ° Nuestro Señor our Lord. || Tuve un señor disgusto. I was very disgusted.

señora Mrs. ¿Puedo hablar con la Señora de García? May I speak to Mrs. García? ▲ lady Cuando la conocí era una señora de edad. When I met her she was an elderly lady. ▲ madam Si, señora. Yes, madam.

señorita Miss ¿Conoce Ud. a la Señorita Martínez? Do you know Miss Martinez? ▲ young lady Esta señorita no es americana. This young lady is not an American.

señorito young gentleman; master of the house; playboy [Sp].

separación [f] separation. separar to separate, set apart Separe Ud. las niñas de los niños. Separate the girls from the boys. ▲ to divide Una cortina separa las dos habitaciones. ▲ curtain divides the two rooms. ▲ to move away Separe Ud. un poco la mesa de la pared. Move the table away from the wall a bit. ▲ to lay aside Separe estos trajes para que me los envíen. Lay aside these suits so they can send them to me. ° separarse to separate El matrimonio decidió separarse. The couple decided to separate.

septiembre [m] September.

séptimo seventh.

sepultar to bury, inter, entomb.

sepultura grave.

sequedad [f] aridity, dryness.

ser [irr] to be (with predicate noun or pronoun) Su padre es abogado. His father's a lawyer. — La victima no fui yo. The victim wasn't I. ▲ (with predicate adjectives that express an inherent or characteristic quality) El camino es muy largo. The road's very long. — La niña es bonita. The child's pretty. ▲ (origin) El señor Pérez es de Madrid. Mr. Pérez is from Madrid. ▲ (ownership) Pero no era de Ud. But it wasn't yours. ▲ (material of which a thing is made) Era un reloj de oro. It was a gold watch. ▲ (in impersonal expressions) Es imposible. It's impossible. — No era verdad. It wasn't true. ▲ (in expressions of time) ¿Qué hora era? What time was it? — Eran las cuatro y media. It was half past four. ▲ to take place La escena es en Paris. The scene takes place in Paris. ▲ (with a past participle to form passive voice) La obra fué escrita por Lope de Vega. The work was written by Lope de Vega. ° es que the fact is that Es que va a venir ahora. The fact is that he's coming right away. ° no sea que because ... might Lleve el paraguas no sea que llueva. Take an umbrella because it might rain. ° ¿qué ha sido de ... ? what's become of ... ?

serenata serenade.

serenidad [f] serenity, calm.

sereno clear, fair El cielo está muy sereno. The sky is very clear. ▲ calm, serene Era un hombre sereno. He was a calm man. ▲ [m] night-watchman [Sp] Esta calle no tiene sereno. This street has no night-watchman. ▲ dew Hay mucho sereno en las flores. There is a lot of dew on the flowers.

serie [f] series Pertenece a la serie A. It belongs to series A. ° en serie mass produced, standardized.

seriedad [f] seriousness, gravity, earnestness.

serio serious, solemn No se ponga Ud. tan serio. Don't be so solemn. ▲ critical Estos son tientos muy serios. These are critical times. ° en serio seriously Estábamos hablando en serio. We were speaking seriously.

servicio service El servicio del ferrocarril es ahora muy malo. Train service is very bad now. ▲ toilet, water-closet [Am]. ° servicio doméstico domestic help Es muy difícil conseguir servicio doméstico. It is very difficult to get any domestic help. ° servicio militar military service.

servidor, servidora servant Tiene muy buenos servidores. She has excellent servants. || Servidor de Ud. At your service.

servidumbre [f] (staff of) servants, attendants; servitude.

servilleta table napkin.

servir [rad-ch III] to serve, wait on Sirva Ud. primero a las señoras. Serve the ladies first. ▲ to serve Sirvió cuatro años en las fuerzas aéreas. He served in the Air Corps for four years. ° servir para to be good for Eso no sirve para nada. That's good for nothing. ° servirse to help oneself Tenga la bondad de servirse. Please help yourself. || ¡Para servir a Ud.! At your service!

sesenta sixty.

sesión [f] session, meeting ¿Dónde se celebrará la sesión? Where will the meeting take place?

seso brain Comió un plato de sesos de ternera. He ate a plate of calf's brains. ° devanarse los sesos to rack one's brains Hay que devanarse los sesos para comprender este problema. One has to rack one's brains to understand that problem. ° perder el seso to lose one's head (over) Perdió el seso por aquella muchacha. He lost his head over that girl. ° saltarse la tapa de los sesos to blow out one's brains De un tiro se saltó la tapa de los sesos. He blew his brains out with one shot. ° sin seso witless, scatterbrained ¡Qué muchacha sin sesos! What a scatterbrained girl! setenta seventy.

severidad [f] severity, rigor.

severo severe, rigorous.

sexo sex.

sexto sixth.

sexual sexual.

si if, whether Deseo saber si Ud. viene. I want to know whether you're coming. ° por si acaso if by chance, just in case Le dejo esto por si acaso viene. I'm leaving this just in case he comes. || ¡Si fuera verdad! If it were only true!

sí yes. ° sí que certainly Eso si que es raro. That's certainly strange. ° un ... sí y otro no every other ... Viene un día sí y otro no. He comes every other day.

sí [pron]. ° de por sí separately, individually, by oneself Dio de por sí todo lo que pudo. He gave all he could by himself. — Cada uno de por sí haga lo que pueda. Let each one individually do what he can. ° fuera de sí beside himself, herself, yourself, themselves Estaban fuera de si. They were beside themselves (with anger, anxiety, joy, etc). ° sí mismo, misma, mismos, mismas himself, herself, themselves Tenía un gran dominio sobre sí mismo. He had great control of himself (or great self-control). ° volver en sí to regain consciousness No ha vuelto en si. He hasn't regained consciousness.

siembra sowing, seeding, planting.

siempre always Siempre hace el mismo trabajo. He always does the same work. ° para siempre forever. ° para siempre jamás forever and ever. ° siempre que whenever Siempre que me ve, me saluda. Whenever he sees me, he greets me. ▲ provided (that) Siempre que estudie aprobará. He'll pass provided he studies.

sien [f] temple (anatomy).

sierra saw No corta bien la sierra. The saw doesn't cut well. ▲ mountain range Subieron al pico más alto de la sierra. They climbed to the highest peak of the range.

siesta afternoon nap.

siete seven. ▲ [m] tear, rent (in clothing) Tenía un siete en la chaqueta. He had a tear in his jacket.

siglo century.

significación [f] significance, importance, implication Ese hecho no tiene ninguna significación. That fact has no significance whatever.

significado meaning (literal) ¿Cuál es el significado de esta palabra en inglés? What's the meaning of that word in English?

significar to mean No sé qué significa esa palabra. I don't know what that word means.

significativo significant.

signo mark, sign, symbol Haga Ud. claros los signos de puntuación. Make the punctuation marks clear. — El signo de la Cruz. The sign of the Cross. — Un signo fonético. ▲ phonetic symbol.

siguiente next, following Esperé hasta el día siguiente. I waited till the following day.

sílaba syllable.

silbar to whistle Silbe Ud. para ver si nos oyen. Whistle to see if they hear us. ▲ to boo (whistling indicates disapproval in Spanish-speaking countries) El público silbó la comedia. The audience booed the comedy.

silbato whistle (instrument) Se oía el silbato de la locomotora. The locomotive's whistle could be heard.

silbido whistle, sound.

silencio silence Sufrió en silencio aquel agravio. He suffered that affront in silence. ° en silencio quiet Todo estaba en silencio. Everything was quiet. ° guardar silencio to keep quiet (make no sound) Procuren guardar silencio durante las horas de estudio. Keep quiet during study hours. || ¡Silencio! Quiet! or Silence!

silencioso silent, noiseless ¿Quiere Ud. comprar la máquina de escribir silenciosa? Do you want the noiseless typewriter?

silla chair Siéntese en esa silla. Sit down in that chair. ° silla de montar saddle.

sillón [m] armchair. ° sillón de ruedas wheel chair.

silueta silhouette, outline. ▲ figure Esa muchacha tiene una silueta muy bonita. That girl has a very nice figure.

simpatía congeniality Le inspiró mucha simpatía. He found her very congenial.

simpático nice, pleasant, congenial Es un muchacho simpático. He's a nice boy. ▲ congenial El ambiente allí es muy simpático. The atmosphere there's very congenial.

simple simple, easy Aquel trabajo era muy simple. That work was very simple. ▲ simple, witless ¡Qué hombre más simple! What a witless man! ▲ [n] simpleton Es un simple. He's a simpleton.

simpleza silliness La simpleza de esa mujer me molesta. That woman's silliness annoys me. ▲ silly thing Ese hombre no hace más que simplezas. That man's always doing silly things. ▲ trifle Riñeron por una simpleza. They quarreled over a trifle.

sin without Llegó sin un centavo. He arrived without a penny. — Le espero en la oficina mañana sin falta. I'll expect you at the office tomorrow without fail. ° sin embargo however, nevertheless.

sinceridad [f] sincerity.

sincero sincere.

singular [adj] singular (grammar). ▲ strange, singular ¡Qué caso tan singular! What a strange case! ▲ [m] singular Escriba Ud. el verbo en singular. Write the verb in the singular.

siniestro sinister, vicious Era un hombre siniestro. He was a sinister man.

sino but. ▲ except, but Nadie sino tu puede hacerlo. No one except you can do it. ▲ [m] fate, destiny. ° no ... sino not ... but No es gordo, sino flaco. He's not fat, but thin. ° no sólo ... sino (también) not only ... but (also) No sólo era pobre, sino (también) desgraciado. He was not only poor but also unfortunate.

síntoma symptom.

sinvergüenza [m] scoundrel, rascal.

siquiera at least Déme siquiera agua fría. At least give me some cold water. ° (ni) siquiera (not) even Ni siquiera me habló. He didn't even speak to me. ° (si) siquiera if only, if at least Siquiera nos pagaran hoy. If only they'd pay us today.

sirvienta maid, servant girl.

sirviente [m] servant (domestic).

sistema [m] system.

sitio spot, site Es un sitio precioso para pasar el verano. It's a delightful spot to spend the summer. ▲ place, seat Ocupe Ud. su sitio. Take your place. ▲ room, space No hay bastante sitio para todos. There isn't enough room for all. ▲ siege, besieging El sitio de la ciudad duró tres semanas. The siege of the city lasted three weeks.

situación [f] site, location La situación de la colina era muy favorable. The situation of the hill was very favorable. ▲ situation, standing (in life) La situación de esa familia es muy buena. That family's situation is very good. ▲ situation, predicament No sé lo que hubiera hecho en esa situación. I don't know what I'd have done in that predicament.

smoking [m] dinner jacket, tuxedo, soberano [adj] absolute Tiene por ella un desprecio soberano. He feels absolute contempt for her. ° los soberanos the sovereigns (the king and queen).

soberbia arrogance, haughtiness.

soberbio arrogant, haughty.

sobornar to bribe.

sobra excess, surplus. ° de sobra more than enough Tengo de sobra con lo que Ud. me dio. I have more than enough with what you gave me. ° estar de sobra to be superfluous, be in the way, be in excess Yo aquí estoy de sobra. I'm superfluous here. ° saber de sobra to be fully aware Lo sabe Ud. de sobra. You're fully aware of that. ° sobras leftovers Estas croquetas están hechas con sobras. These croquettes are made of left-overs.

sobrar to be in excess, be more than enough, be left over Sobró mucha comida. ▲ great deal of food was left over. — Sobra comida. There's more than enough food. ▲ to be superfluous Me parece que aquí sobro. It seems to me that I'm superfluous here.

sobre over El avión pasó sobre la ciudad. The airplane passed over the city. ▲ on, upon Había un libro sobre la mesa. There was a book on the table. ▲ on Súbase sobre esa silla para alcanzar el cuadro. Get up on that chair to reach the picture. ▲ about, concerning Quiero hablarle a Ud. sobre cierto asunto. I want to speak to you about a certain matter. ▲ [m] envelope Deme un sobre. Give me an envelope. ° sobre todo above all Sobre todo no dejes de escribir. Above all don't fail to write.

sobrehumano superhuman.

sobrenatural supernatural.

sobresueldo extra income Tiene un sobresueldo de veinte dólares la semana. He has an extra income of twenty dollars a week.

sobrina niece.

sobrino nephew.

sobrio sober, temperate; restrained.

socar to tighten [Am] Este nudo ha quedado muy socado. This knot's very tight.

social [adj] social.

sociedad [f] society Le gustaba frecuentar la buena sociedad. He liked to move in high society. ▲ partnership; corporation. ° sociedad anónima joint stock company, corporation.

socio partner (in business) Le presento a mi socio, Sr. Avalos. Meet my partner, Mr. Avalos. ▲ member (of club or society) ¿Es Ud. socio de ese club? Are you a member of that club?

socorrer to help Había que socorrer a los náufragos. It was necessary to help the survivors of a shipwreck.

socorro help, aid Le agradecí el socorro que me prestó. I was grateful to him for the help he gave me. ° puesto de socorro first-aid station. || ¡Socorro! ¡Socorro! Help!

sofá [m] sofa.

sofocado (see sofocar) embarrassed, flushed.

sofocar to stifle, suffocate El calor lo sofocaba. The heat was stifling him. ▲ to choke, suffocate El humo lo sofocaba. The smoke was choking him. ▲ to put out, extinguish Las bombas sofocaron el incendio. The fire engines put out the fire. ° sofocarse to get flushed and out of breath Se sofocó al subir los escaleras. He got flushed and out of breath on climbing the stairs. ▲ to get excited Procure Ud. no sofocarse por ese asunto. Don't get excited over that matter. ▲ to blush, get embarrassed Al oír aquella palabra, la niña se sofocó. The girl blushed when she heard that word.

sofoco blushing, embarrassment. ° pasar un sofoco to be in an embarrassing situation.

soga rope Coja Ud. la soga por la punta. Catch the end of the rope.

sol [m] sun. ▲ sunlight, sun Esas plantas necesitan mucho sol. Those plants require a lot of sunlight. ▲ sol (Peruvian currency unit). ° al salir el sol at sun-up, at sunrise Al salir el sol se empezó la marcha. The march began at sun-up. ° estar quemado (or tostado) por el sol to be sunburned (or sun-tanned). ° hacer sol to be sunny Hoy no hace sol. It's not sunny today. ° tomar el sol to sunbathe Estuvieron tomando el sol mucho rato. They took a long sunbath.

solapa lapel.

soldada salary (of servants).

soldado (see soldar) soldered, welded Todavía no han soldado la cañería. They haven't soldered the pipe yet.

▲ [m] soldier Los soldados fueron alojados en el pueblo. The soldiers were billeted in the town. ▲ private (military). ° soldado de primera (clase) private first class. ° soldado raso buck private.

soldar [rad-ch I] to solder, weld.

soledad [f] solitude.

solemne solemn.

soler [rad-ch I] to be in the habit of, have the custom of ¿A qué hora suele venir Ud. a la oficina? What time do you usually come to the office? — Solíamos hacer excursiones por la montaña. We used to make trips to the mountains.

solicitar to request, apply for Hay que solicitar un permiso para visitar ese edificio. It's necessary to apply for a pass to visit that building.

solicitud [f] solicitude; application (request).

sólido solid, firm El puente tiene una base muy sólida. That bridge has a very solid base. ▲ sound Tenía una cultura muy sólida. He had a very sound cultural background.

sollozar to sob.

sollozo sob.

solo alone Cuando venga a verme venga Ud. solo. When you come to see me, come alone. ▲ lonely Estoy muy solo. I'm very lonely. ▲ [m] solo El tenor cantó muy bien el solo. The tenor sang the solo very well.

sólo only El matrimonio tenía un hijo sólo. The couple had only one son.

soltar [rad-ch I] to loosen Soltaron las amarras. They loosened the cables. ▲ to let out Soltó una exclamación. He let out an exclamation. ▲ to drop, let go Soltó el paquete que tenía en la mano. He let go the package he had in his hand. ° soltarse to loosen, become loose Se me ha soltado el cordón del zapato. My shoe lace is loose. ° soltar una bofetada to slap (suddenly or unexpectedly) Le soltó una bofetada. She slapped him. ° soltar una carcajada to burst out laughing Cuando lo oyó soltó la carcajada. When he heard it he burst out laughing. ° soltar una fresca to give one a piece of one's mind, tell one where to get off Le voy a soltar una fresca. I'll give him a piece of my mind.

soltero single (not married).

soltura poise, ease (of movement) Bailaba con mucha soltura. She danced effortlessly. ▲ fluency Habla las lenguas extranjeras con soltura. He speaks foreign languages fluently.

solución [f] solution Esto no tiene solución. This doesn't have any solution. ▲ result ¿Qué solución hubo en aquel pleito? What was the result of that lawsuit? ▲ solution (liquid).

solucionar to solve.

solvencia solvency.

solvente solvent (financially).

sombra shade Buscó la sombra del árbol. He sought the shade of the tree. ▲ shadow Se veía en el suelo la sombra del avión. The shadow of the airplane could be seen on the ground. ▲ dark, darkness Estaba escondido en la sombra. He was hidden in the dark, luck. ▲ wit Ese chiste tiene mucha sombra. That joke's very witty. ° a la sombra in the shadow; [Slang] in jail. ° buena sombra good luck. ° dar sombra to give shade Los árboles dan sombra. The trees give shade. ° hacer sombra to outshine Esa mujer le hace sombra a su marido. That woman outshines her husband. ° mala sombra bad luck. ° no ser ni su sombra to be but a shadow of one's former self.

sombrerería hat factory or store.

sombrero hat. ° sombrero de copa silk hat, top hat. ° sombrero de paja straw hat.

sombrilla parasol.

sombrío gloomy, somber Tenía un semblante muy sombrío. He had a very gloomy expression on his face.

someter to subdue Es muy difícil someter a esa gente. It's very difficult to subdue those people. ▲ to subject Someta Ud. esto a nuevo estudio. Subject this to further study. ▲ to submit, present Someta Ud. el informe. Submit the report. ° someterse to submit No sé cómo se somete a que le traten así. I don't know why he submits to such treatment. ▲ to surrender Se sometieron ante los invasores. They surrendered to the invading armies.

son [m] sound (musical or pleasant) El son de los violines. The sound of the violins. ▲ Cuban song and dance. ° ¿a qué son? for what reason? ¿A qué son dice Ud. eso? For what reason do you say that? ° en son de as, like, in the manner of Lo dijo en son de broma. He said it as a joke. ° sin ton ni son without rhyme or reason Habla sin ton ni son. He talks without rhyme or reason.

sonado (see sonar) sensational, scandalous.

sonar [rad-ch I] to sound, ring Sonó la sirena del barco. The ship's siren sounded. ▲ to strike Sonaron las diez. The clock struck ten. ▲ to ring Me parece que ha sonado el timbre. I think the bell rang. ▲ to sound familiar Ese nombre no me suena. That name doesn't sound familiar. ▲ to be mentioned, be talked about, be in the public eye Su nombre suena mucho. His name's always in the public eye. ° sonarse to blow one's nose.

sondear to sound, take soundings in Estuvieron sondeando la bahía. They were taking soundings in the bay. ▲ to sound out Sondee Ud. sus intenciones. Sound out his intentions.

sonido sound (something heard).

sonoro sonorous.

sonreír to smile.

sonrisa smile.

sonrojar to make blush. ° sonrojarse to blush.

soñador [m] dreamer.

soñar [rad-ch I] to dream Sueño con mucha frecuencia. I dream very often. ° ni soñar not by a long shot "¿Te lo dio?" "¡Ni soñar!" "Did he give it to you?" "Not by a long shot!"

sopa soup. ° hecho una sopa drenched to the skin Llegó a casa hecho una sopa. He got home drenched to the skin.

soplar to blow Soplaba mucho viento. ▲ strong wind was blowing. ▲ to tattle, blab Le sopla al jefe todo lo que ocurre en la oficina. He tattles to the boss about everything that goes on in the office.

soplido blow(ing), puff De un soplido, apagó la vela. He put out the candle with a puff.

soplo breath, gust (of air), puff No hay hoy ni un soplo de aire. There's not a breath of air today. ▲ tip, hint Cogieron al asesino gracias a un soplo que recibió la policía. They caught the murderer as a result of a tip received by the police.

soportar to bear, put up with No hay más remedio que soportar esto. There's nothing to do but bear it.

sorber to sip.

sorbo sip Déme un sorbo de agua. Give me a sip of water.

sordo deaf Estaba bastante sordo. He was quite deaf. ▲ muffled, dull Oyó un ruido sordo. He heard a muffled noise. ▲ dull Tenía un dolor sordo en el pecho. He had a dull pain in his chest. ° hacerse el sordo to turn a deaf ear Se hizo el sordo a mis peticiones. He turned a deaf ear to my pleas.

sordomudo deaf and dumb. ▲ [n] deaf-mute.

soroche [m] altitude sickness, mountain sickness [Am].

sorprendente surprising.

sorprender to surprise Le soprendió aquella noticia. That news surprised him. ▲ to catch Su madre le sorprendió robando. His mother caught him stealing. ° sorprenderse to be surprised No se sorprenda Ud. por eso. Don't be surprised by that.

sorpresa surprise ¡Qué sorpresa tan agradable el verle! What a pleasant surprise to see you ! ° de sorpresa by surprise Me ha cogido de sorpresa esa noticia. That news took me by surprise. ° por sorpresa by surprise Los detuvieron por sopresa. They arrested them by surprise.

sortear to raffle off, draw lots for Sortearon un reloj. They raffled off a watch. ▲ to elude, dodge El torero sortea hábilmente al toro. The bullfighter dodges the bull skillfully.

sortija ring (circular object).

sosegarse [rad-ch I] to compose oneself, calm down Cuando Ud. se sosiegue, hablaremos. When you calm down, we'll talk.

sosiego peace, tranquillity.

soso tasteless Estas legumbres están muy sosas. These vegetables are tasteless. ▲ insipid ¡Qué persona más sosa! What an insipid person!

sospecha suspicion.

sospechar to suspect Sospecho que este trabajo no está bien hecho. I suspect that this work isn't well done.

sospechoso suspicious.

sostener [irr] to hold Sostenía la botella en la mano. He held the bottle in his hand. ▲ to maintain, stick to Lo digo y lo sostengo. I say it and I stick to it. ▲ to support Con su trabajo sostenía a su familia. He supported his family by working. ° sostenerse to support oneself, stand (up) Estaba tan borracho que no podía sostenerse. He was so drunk he couldn't stand up.

sótano basement.

su; pl sus your, his, her, its, their Su pluma. Your pen, his pen, etc. — Sus plumas. Your pens, his pens, etc.

suave delicate, soft, gentle, light El dentista tenía la mano muy suave. The dentist had a very light hand. ▲ smooth Es una tela muy suave. It's a very smooth cloth. ▲ gentle Soplaba un viento suave. ▲ very gentle breeze was blowing. ▲ mellow, mild Este vino es muy suave. This wine's very mellow. ▲ meek, docile Este niño tiene un carácter muy suave. This child's very meek.

suavizar to soften.

subalterno [adj; n] subordinate.

subasta auction.

subido (see subir) high, bright Es una corbata de color subido. It's a brightcolored tie.

subir to go up Voy a subir por mi abrigo. I'm going up for my coat. ▲ to bring up Súbame Ud. el baúl. Bring up my trunk. ▲ to put on, set on El mozo le subirá la maleta al tren. The porter will put your suitcase on the train. ▲ to put up, lift up Suba Ud. el niño a la silla. Lift the child up on the chair. ▲ to raise Tendrá Ud. que subir un poco la voz, es muy sordo. You'll have to raise your voice a little; he's very deaf. ▲ to add up, amount, come ¿A cuánto sube la cuenta? How much does the bill come to? ▲ to go up, rise, increase Los precios han subido mucho. Prices have gone up a lot. — Le subió la temperatura. His temperature rose. ▲ to rise, ascend El globo subió hasta diez mil pies. The balloon rose to ten thousand feet. ▲ to rise, advance Ha subido muy de prisa ese muchacho. That boy's advanced very rapidly. ° subírsele a uno a la cabeza to go to one's head Se le ha subido a la cabeza su popularidad. His popularity's gone to his head.

su(b)scribirse to subscribe ¿Quiere Ud. subscribirse a esta revista? Do you want to subscribe to this magazine?

su(b)scripción [f] subscription.

su(b)stitución [f] substitution.

su(b)stituir to replace.

su(b)stituto, su(b)stituta substitute.

subterráneo subway [Am].

suceder to succeed Se cree que su hijo le sucederá. It's thought that his son'll succeed him. ▲ to happen Sucedió algo que nadie se explica. Something happened that can't be explained. ° suceda lo que suceda come what may Suceda lo que suceda, yo estaré aquí. Come what may, I'll be here.

sucesivo consecutive, successive. ° en lo sucesivo in the future.

suceso event.

suciedad [f] filthiness.

sucio dirty La calle estaba muy sucia. The street was very dirty. ▲ dirty, unfair Hizo una jugada, sucia. He played a dirty trick.

sudamericano [adj; m] South American.

sudar to sweat.

sudeste [m] southeast.

sudoeste [m] southwest.

sudor [m] sweat.

suegra mother-in-law.

suegro father-in-law.

suela sole Las suelas de mis zapatos están rotas. The soles of my shoes are worn out.

suelo floor El suelo estaba manchado. The floor was stained. ▲ soil Este suelo produce mucho. This soil's very productive. ▲ ground Cayó al suelo herido. He fell to the ground wounded.

suelto loose, untidy Tenía suelto el cordon de un zapato. One of his shoelaces was loose. ▲ free, (on the) loose Ese perro está suelto. That dog's loose. ▲ odd Tenemos unos números sueltos de esa revista. We have some odd copies of that magazine. ▲ single Número suelto, dos pesos. Single copy, two pesos. ▲ [m] (loose) change ¿Tiene Ud. suelto? Have you any change? ▲ newspaper report or item ¿Ha visto Ud. este suelto en el periódico? Have you seen this newspaper report? ° suelto de lengua loose-tongued Era muy suelto de lengua. He was very loose-tongued.

sueño sleep Necesita Ud. más sueño. You need more sleep. ▲ dream He tenido un sueño muy raro. I've had a very strange dream. ° conciliar el sueño to get to sleep No pudo conciliar el sueño. He couldn't get to sleep. ° echar un sueño to take a nap A la mitad de la tarde eché un sueño. I took a nap in the middle of the afternoon. ° tener sueño to be sleepy. Tenía el sueño pesado. He was a very sound sleeper.

suerte [f] fate, luck Quiso la suerte que yo llegara en aquel momento. As luck would have it, I arrived at that moment. ▲ luck Ese hombre tiene buena suerte. That man has good luck. ° de suerte que so (that), and so ¿Be suerte que no le ha visto Ud.? So you haven't seen him? ° echar (a) suertes to draw lots. ° por suerte fortunately Por suerte o por desgracia ya está Ud. aquí. Fortunately or unfortunately you're here now. ° tocarle a uno la suerte to be lucky ¡A mi me tocó la suerte! I was lucky.

suéter [m] sweater [Am].

sufragio suffrage, vote.

sufrimiento suffering.

sufrir to suffer ¿De qué dolencia sufre Ud.? What ails you? ▲ to undergo Ha sufrido una operación. He's undergone an operation. ▲ to endure, put up with . ¡No le puedo sufrir más! I can't put up with him any longer!

sufrido (see sufrir) serviceable, practical El traje tiene un color sufrido. The dress is a practical color. ▲ patient, long-suffering Es un hombre muy sufrido. He's a very long-suffering man.

sugerir [rad-ch II] to suggest.

sugestionar to influence Nada podía sugestionarle. Nothing could influence him. ▲ to hypnotize. ° sugestionarse to be spellbound Me quedé sugestionado. I was spellbound.

suicida [m, f] suicide (person).

suicidarse to commit suicide.

suicidio suicide (act).

sujetar to hold Los policías trataron de sujetarle. The police tried to hold him. ▲ to fasten Sujete al perro con una cadena. Fasten the dog with a chain. ° sujetarse to submit, abide (by) Había que sujetarse a la nueva disposición. We had to submit to the new regulation.

sujeto (see sujetar) fastened No está bien sujeto el cinturón. The belt's not well fastened. ▲ [m] subject (grammar) ¿Cuál es el sujeto de esa oración? What's the subject of that sentence? ▲ fellow, guy ¿Quién es ese sujeto? Who's that fellow?

suma amount, sum ¿Cuánto es la suma total? What's the total amount? ° en suma in short En suma, ¿qué es lo que pasó? In short, what happened?

sumar to add; to amount to.

sumergirse to submerge, dive.

sumidero sewer, sink, drain.

sumo great He tenido sumo gusto en conocerle. It's been a great pleasure to know you. ° a lo sumo at most A lo sumo tardará dos horas. She'll be delayed two hours at most. ° el sumo the greatest El Sumo Hacedor. The Almighty.

suntuoso sumptuous.

superficial superficial La herida era superficial. The wound was superficial. — Sus conocimientos eran muy superficiales. His knowledge was very superficial. ▲ shallow ¡Qué muchacha tan superficial! What a shallow girl!

superficie [f] surface.

superior superior, better Esto es de calidad superior. This is of superior quality. ▲ higher Tenía un grado superior en el ejército. He held a higher rank in the army. ▲ above Vive en el piso superior. He lives on the floor above. ▲ [m] superior Respete a sus superiores. Show respect for your superiors. ° parte superior upper part El libro está en la parte superior del armario. The book's in the upper part of the cupboard.

superioridad [f] superiority.

súplica request; entreaty, supplication.

superstición [f] superstition.

superviviente [m, f] survivor.

suplente [adj] substituting. ▲ [n] substitute.

suplicar to implore Le suplicó que le ayudara. She implored him to help her. ▲ to beg, request Le suplico a Ud. que vuelva mañana. I beg you to come back tomorrow.

suplicio torture Le sometieron a horribles suplicios. They subjected him to horrible torture. ▲ ordeal, anguish Pasó por el suplicio de ver morir a su padre. He went through the ordeal of seeing his father die.

suponer [irr] to suppose, assume Supuso que ella no quería hacer ese trabajo. He assumed she didn't want to do that work. ▲ to imagine Ud. podrá suponer lo que ocurrió. You can imagine what happened. ▲ to amount to, cost ¿Cuanto supone todo esto? How much does all this amount to?

suposición [f] supposition.

supremo supreme Tribunal Supremo. Supreme Court.

supresión [f] suppression.

suprimir to suppress, leave out, omit Suprima Ud. la pimienta en la sopa. Omit the pepper from the soup. ▲ to abolish Suprimieron los impuestos sobre la renta. They abolished income taxes.

supuesto (see suponer) assumed; supposed. ° por supuesto of course Por supuesto, tendrá Ud. el pasaporte en regla. Of course, you have your passport in order.

sur [m] south.

surco furrow.

surgir to make a sudden appearance Surgió cuando nadie le esperaba. He appeared when no one expected him. ▲ to arise (as a situation).

suroeste [m] southwest.

surtido (see surtir) supplied; assorted.

▲ [m] assortment. surtidor [m] vertical fountain, spout; sprinkler. ° surtidor de gasolina filling station.

surtir to supply ¿Le ha surtido de todo lo necesario? Has he supplied you with everything that's necessary? ° surtir efecto to have the desired effect Surtirá muy buen efecto este artículo. This article will have the desired effect.

suspender to suspend, stop Suspendieron el espectáculo por la lluvia. The show was stopped on account of the rain. ▲ to suspend, hang Suspendieron el cuadro de un clavo. They hung the picture on a nail. ▲ to flunk (give a failing mark to) Lo suspendieron en aritmética. They flunked him in arithmetic.

suspenso (see suspender) hung, suspended. ▲ [m] failing grade, flunk. ° en suspenso in suspense Se quedó en suspenso. He stopped in suspense. ▲ suspended Esa ley está en suspenso. That law's suspended.

sustento support, sustenance, living expenses. ° ganarse el sustento to make a living.

susto fright, scare. ° dar un susto to frighten.

suyo, suya; suyos, suyas your(s), of yours, his, of his, her(s), of hers, their (s), of theirs Este lápiz no es suyo. This pencil isn't yours (or his, hers, theirs). — Son amigos suyos. They're friends of yours (or of his, of hers, of theirs). ° el suyo, la suya; los suyos, las suyas yours, his, hers, theirs El mío está aquí. ¿Dónde está el suyo? Mine's here. Where's yours? ° los suyos his (or her, your, their) folks Fué con todos los suyos a la playa.

He went with all his folks to the beach.

T

tabaco tobacco; cigar; cigarettes.

taberna saloon, tavern, dive.

tabla board, plank ¿Tiene Ud. una tabla de planchar? Have you an ironing board? ▲ list, table (of contents, prices, etc) Quiero ver la tabla de precios. I want to see the price list. ° salvarse en una tabla to have a narrow escape. ° tablas [f pl] stage (theater) Es gente de las tablas. They belong to the theatrical world. ▲ draw (in a game) El partido terminó en tablas. The game ended in a draw.

tablado outdoor stage, platform.

tacha fault Es una persona sin tacha. He is a person without any faults.

tachar to cross out Tache Ud. esa palabra. Cross out that word. ° tachar de to accuse of being Le tacharon de ladrón. They accused him of being a thief.

taco taco (Mexican dish) Quiero un taco de puerco. I want a pork taco. ▲ heel (of a shoe) [Am] Usa tacos muy altos. She wears very high heels. ° echar tacos to swear, curse [Sp] . ° taco de billar billiard cue.

tacón [m] heel (of shoe).

táctica tactics; policy, way of doing Tendremos que emplear otra táctica. We'll have to use different tactics.

tacto touch, sense of touch Esta tela es muy suave al tacto. This cloth is very soft to the touch. ▲ tact Tiene mucho tacto para tratar a sus amigos. He's very tactful with his friends.

tajada slice (usually meat).

tal such Jamás se ha visto tal cosa. Never has such a thing been seen. ▲ such (a) thing Ud. me dijo eso y no hay tal cosa. You told me that, but there's no such thing. ° con tal que provided that Con tal que me lo haga Ud. bien no importa el precio. Provided you do it well the price doesn't matter. ° el tal, la tal that (contemptuous) No me gustó la tal comedia. I didn't like that comedy. ° tal como just as Siga tal como empezó. Go on just as you started. ° tal cual as Me gusta tal cual es. I like it as it is. ▲ so-so [Mex] "¿Cómo está Ud.?" "Tal cual." "How are you?" "So-so." ° tales y tales such and such Me dijo: Pregunte a tales y tales personas .... He said to me: Ask such and such persons.... ° tal para cual two of a kind Son tal para cual. They're two of a kind. ° un tal a certain ¿Conoce Ud. a un tal Pérez? Do you know a certain Pérez? || ¿Qué tal? How do you do? or How's everything?

talabartería leather workshop, harnessmaker's shop.

taladro drill, bit.

talante [m] ° mal talante bad humor, bad disposition.

talento talent, brains.

talla carving Se ha dedicado a la talla en madera. She devoted herself to wood carving. ▲ size Deseo un traje de la talla cuarenta. I want a suit size forty. ▲ height (of humans) Un hombre de talla elevada. A man of great height. ▲ prominence Un escritor de talla. A prominent writer.

talle [m] waist, figure Esa muchacha tiene un lindo talle. That girl has a pretty figure.

taller [m] workshop; factory, mill.

tallo stem (of plant).

talón [m] heel (of foot). ▲ stub (of a check, receipt) No pierda Ud. el talón de los cheques. Don't lose your check stubs.

talonario check book, receipt book, stub book, book of tickets.

tamal [m] tamale [Am].

tamaño so great, such a big Es imposible creer tamaña mentira. It's impossible to believe such a big lie. ▲ [m] size ¿De qué tamaño? What size?

también also, too El también irá con nosotros. He also will go with us.

tambor [m] drum.

tampoco neither, not either Yo tampoco la he visto. I haven't seen her either.

tan [before adj or adv] (see tanto) so No le esperaba a Ud. tan temprano. I didn't expect you so early.

tanate [m] bundle [Am] Haré un tanate con esta ropa. I'll make a bundle of these clothes.

tanda turn Como somos muchos, almorzaremos por tandas. Since there are so many of us, we'll take turns at lunch. ▲ batch. ▲ performance, session [Am] Iremos a la primera tanda. We'll go to the first performance.

tango tango.

tanque [m] tank (military); tank (for liquid).

tantear to estimate, consider Hay que tantear la situación antes de decidir. The situation must be considered before deciding. ▲ to judge, estimate [Am] Tantee Ud. el peso de esto. Estimate the weight of this. ▲ to feel out Tantéelo Ud. antes de hablarle claro. Feel him out before speaking plainly to him. ▲ to feel, test Tantearnos el piso para, ver si era fuerte. We tested the floor to see if it was strong.

tanteo computation, calculation; points, score.

tanto so, much He comido tanto que ya no tengo hambre. I've eaten so much that I'm no longer hungry. — No debe Ud. trabajar tanto. You shouldn't work so much. ▲ so many Ha ido tantas veces que conoce muy bien el lugar. He has gone so many times that he knows the place very well. — Eran tantos que faltó comida. There were so many that there wasn't enough food. ▲ so long No tardará tanto si va en auto. He won't take so long if he goes by car. ▲ so often Yo no voy tanto al teatro como mi hermano. I don't go to the theater as often as my brother does. ▲ [m] part [Am] Mezclaba tres tantos de cal por cinco de arena. He mixed three parts lime with five of sand. ▲ point (in games) Ganaron por dos tantos a cero. They won two to nothing. ° entre tanto meanwhile Entre tanto sentémonos. Meanwhile let's sit down. ° estar al tanto to keep informed, be on the alert Yo estaba al tanto. I was on the alert. ° no ser para tanto not to be so serious No es para tanto el asunto. It's not such a serious matter. ° por lo tanto so, therefore Es tarde, por lo tanto debemos irnos ya. It's late so we ought to go now. ° tanto como as much as Sabe tanto como su hermana. He knows as much as his sister. ° tanto más cuanto que so much more since Tanto más cuanto que yo no lo esperaba. So much more since I didn't expect it. ° tanto mejor so much the better Si llega Ud. antes, tanto mejor. If you get there before, so much the better. ° tener al tanto de to keep one posted or informed Téngame al tanto de lo que pase. Keep me informed of what's happening:. ° un tanto rather, somewhat Llegó un tanto cansado. He arrived rather tired. || ¡Se lo he pedido tanto! I've asked him so many times! || ¡Tanto bueno por aqui! It's good to see you here!

tapa lid Dónde está la tapa de la caja? Where's the lid of the box? ▲ cover Las tapas de este libro están manchadas. The covers of this book are stained.

tapado lady's overcoat [Am].

tapar to cover Tape el café para que no se enfríe. Cover the coffee so it won't get cold. ▲ to obstruct (or block) one's view No puedo ver porque me tapa esa columna. I can't see because that pillar blocks my view. ▲ to cover up for Su madre le tapa todas sus diabluras. His mother covers up all his deviltries. ° taparse to bundle up, wrap (oneself) up Tápese bien que hace frío afuera. Bundle up for it's cold outside. ▲ to cover oneself Se tapó la cara con las manos. She covered her face with her hands .

tapete [m] small rug; cover for a table.

tapia wall, brick fence.

tapioca tapioca.

tapiz [m] tapestry; carpet (without pile).

tapón [m] cork, stopper; fuze.

taquigrafía shorthand.

taquilla ticket office, ticket window.

tarantín [m] kitchen utensils [Am] Hay muchos tarantines en esta cocina. There are many utensils in this kitchen.

tardanza delay, slowness, lateness, tardiness.

tardar to delay, be long No tarde mucho. Don't be long. ▲ to take (time) Tardaron varios meses en hacer el trabajo. They took several months to do the work. ° a más tardar at the latest A más tardar, vendré el sábado. I'll come Saturday at the latest.

tarde [m] afternoon, early evening Estaré en casa por la tarde. I'll be at home in the afternoon. ▲ [adv] late Más vale tarde que nunca. Better late than never. ° de la tarde (at a certain hour) in the afternoon. Venga Ud. a, las tres de la tarde. Come at three in the afternoon. ° hacerse tarde to become (or get) late Se hace tarde y no estamos listas. It's getting late and we're not ready. ° por la tarde afternoon Nos veremos el lunes por la tarde. We'll get te gether Monday afternoon. ° tarde o temprano sooner or later Tarde o temprano lo sabrá. He'll find out sooner or later. || Buenas tardes. Good afternoon. or Good evening. tarea task. ° por tarea against time [Am] Está trabajando por tarea. He's working against time.

tarifa rates, tariff; list or schedule of prices, taxes, etc.

tarjeta card; visiting card; filing card.

tata [m] papa.

taz ° taz con taz equal, the same, side by side [Am] Quedaron taz con taz. They were equal.

taza cup.

tazón [m] bowl (utensil).

té [m] tea ¿Quiere una taza de té? Do you want a cup of tea ?

te you, to you; yourself, to (for) yourself Te buscan. They are looking for you. — Te lo daré cuando lo encuentre. I'll give it to you when I find it. — ¡Cuidado, no te cortes! Careful, don't cut yourself !

teatro theater.

techo ceiling; roof.

técnica technique.

tecolote [m] owl [Mex].

tecomate [m] gourd, canteen [Am].

teja roof tile.

tejado roof.

tejer to weave; [Am] to knit.

tela cloth, material No me gusta la tela de este traje. I don't like the material in this dress. ° tela metálica screen wire; wire fencing.

telefonear to telephone, phone.

telefonista [m, f] telephone operator.

teléfono telephone. ° teléfono automático dial telephone.

telegrafiar to telegraph, send a telegram.

telégrafo telegraph.

telegrama [m] telegram.

telón [m] theater curtain.

tema [m] subject, topic, theme.

temblar [rad-ch I] to tremble, shiver Está temblando de frío. He's shivering with cold. ▲ to quake [Am] En ese país tiembla mucho. There are many earthquakes in that country.

temblor [m] tremor. ° temblor de tierra earthquake.

tembloroso trembling.

temer to fear, be afraid of.

temerario rash; unwise.

temible [adj] fearful, terrible.

temor [m] fear.

temperamento temperament.

temperatura temperature.

tempestad [f] storm, tempest.

templado brave, courageous Es un tipo muy templado. He's a courageous fellow. ▲ temperate Francia está en la zona templada. France is in the temperate zone. ▲ mild Hoy hace un día templado. It's a mild day today. ▲ tuned El violin no está bien templado. The violin isn't tuned. ▲ tepid, lukewarm Déme Ud. agua templada. Give me some tepid water.

templar to tune. ° templarle la gaita a uno to humor one.

templo temple, church.

temporada spell, period of time, season Pasaremos tina temporada en la playa. We'll spend some time at the beach. ▲ season ¿Ha empezado ya la temporada de ópera? Has the opera season started yet?

temporal temporary Tengo tin trabajo temporal. I have a temporary job. ▲ [m] storm El temporal duró varios días. The storm lasted several days.

temprano [adj, adv] early

tenaz tenacious, persevering Es muy tenaz en sus propósitos. He's very persevering. ▲ stubborn La resistencia fué tenaz. Resistance was stubborn.

tenaza pliers, tongs.

tendencia tendency.

tender [rad-ch I] to stretch, spread out Estaba tendiendo el mantel sobre la mesa. She was putting the tablecloth on the table. ▲ to hang (clothes) Tienda Ud. esa ropa al sol. Hang that wash out in the sun. ▲ to extend, offer (one's hand) Al verlo le tendió la mano. When he saw him he offered him his hand. ▲ to build (engineering) Tendieron un puente y una línea ferroviaria. They built a bridge and a railroad. ° tenderse to stretch out, lie full length Se tendieron sobre la arena. They stretched out on the sand.

tendero, tendera shopkeeper.

tendón [m] sinew, tendon.

tenedor [m] holder; keeper; fork. ° tenedor de libros bookkeeper.

tener [irr] to have, possess Tengo un automóvil nuevo. I have a new car. ▲ to hold Téngalo Ud. por los brazos. Hold him by the arms. ▲ to have, contain Cada caja tiene veinticuatro pildoras. Each box contains twentyfour pills. ▲ to have, carry, sell ¿Tienen aquí libros en español? Do you carry Spanish books here? ▲ to have, entertain Hoy tendremos invitados. We're going to entertain some guests today. ▲ to be, live (in a place) Tenemos muchos años de vivir aquí. We've lived here many years. ° no tener razón to be wrong. ° tener ... años to be ... years old Creo que tiene veinticinco años. I think he's twenty-five years old. ° tener buena cara to be looking well ¿Cómo estás, María? Tienes buena cara. How are you, Mary? You're looking well. ▲ to look good Tiene buena cara ese pastel. That cake looks good. ° tener con cuidado to worry Su ausencia me tiene con cuidado. His absence worries me. ° tener cuidado to be careful. ° tener en cuenta to take into consideration. ° tener gana(s) de to feel like. ° tener frío to be cold. Tengo frío. I'm cold. ° tener gracia to be funny ¡Tendría gracia que eso pasara! It would be funny if that happened. ° tener gusto to be pleased, be glad Tengo mucho gusto en conocerle. I'm very glad to meet you. ° tener hambre to be hungry. ° tener (la) costumbre de to be used to Tengo costumbre de levantarme temprano. I'm used to getting up early in the morning. ° tener miedo to be afraid. ° tener presente to bear in mind Tendré presente lo que Ud. me ha dicho. I'll bear in mind what you've told me. ° tener prisa to be in a hurry. ° tener que to have to, be obliged to Tengo que irme ya. I have to go now. ° tener que ver to have to do with Eso no tiene que ver con lo que digo. That has nothing to do with what I'm saying. ° tener razón to be right. ° tener remedio to be able to be remedied or helped Esta situación no tiene remedio. This situation can't be helped. ° tenese (en pie) to keep on one's feet, stand, remain standing Apenas podía tenerse en pie. He could hardly stand.

teniente [m] lieutenant.

tenis [m] tennis.

tensión [f] tension.

tentación [f] temptation.

tentar [rad-ch I] to touch, feel; to tempt.

tentativa attempt.

teñir [rad-ch III] to dye.

tequila tequila (plant, drink) [Mex].

tercer [adj] (see tercero) third Este es mi tercer viaje a este país. This is my third trip to this country.

tercero [adj] third Vive en el piso tercero. He lives on the third floor. ▲ [m] third person, mediator Necesitamos un tercero para resolver esto. We need a third person to decide this. ▲ third one Era el tercero de su clase. He was third in his class.

tercio one-third; Spanish Foreign Legion.

terciopelo velvet.

terco stubborn.

terminación [f] termination, completion.

terminar (de) to end, finish Terminó de hablar. He finished speaking.

término end. ° en último término in the last analysis. ° poner término a to put an end to.

término medio compromise, middle road. ° término municipal township.

termómetro thermometer.

ternera female calf; calfskin; veal.

ternero male calf.

ternura tenderness, fondness.

terquedad [f] stubbornness, obstinacy.

terraza terrace.

terremoto earthquake.

terreno piece of ground, lot; ground, soil.

terrible terrible Hace un calor terrible. It's terribly hot. ▲ wonderful, terrific Nos divertimos de una manera terrible. We had a terrific time.

territorio territory.

terrón [m] lump (of sugar); clod (of earth).

terror [m] terror.

tertulia conversation, gabfest, gathering.

tesorería treasury.

tesorero, tesorera treasurer.

tesoro treasure.

testamento will (document).

testarudo stubborn, hardheaded.

testificar to testify.

testigo [n] witness. ▲ [m] testimony.

tetera teapot.

texto text; textbook.

tez [f] complexion.

ti [Fam; used only with a preposition] you Esta carta es para ti. This letter is for you. — No me lo dijo a mí, sino a ti. He didn't say it to me, but to you.

tía aunt; old woman. ° no hay tu tía [Fam] there are no excuses, nothing doing No hay tu tin; tienes que ir. Nothing doing; you have to go yourself.

tibio tepid, lukewarm.

tiempo time, period, epoch Esto fué construido en tiempo de la colonia. This was built in colonial times. ▲ time No sé si tendré tiempo de ir con Ud. I don't know whether I'll have time to go with you. ▲ weather El tiempo está muy malo desde ayer. The weather has been very bad since yesterday. ° a tiempo on time Llegué a tiempo. I arrived on time. ° con tiempo in time Avíseme con tiempo. Notify me in time. ° en otro tiempo formerly. ° ganar tiempo to save time. ° hacer buen (or mal) tiempo to be good (or bad) weather. ° hacer tiempo to while away the time. ° hace tiempo long ago. ° hace (or hacía) tiempo que it is (or was) a long time since Hace tiempo que estuve allí. It's a long time since I was there. ° los buenos tiempos the good old days; one's youth. ° matar el tiempo to kill time. ° mucho tiempo a long time. ° perder el tiempo to waste time. ° poco tiempo a short time. ° ¿ (por) cuánto tiempo ...? (for) how long ...? ¿Cuánto tiempo duró la representación? How long did the show last?

tienda shop, store. ° tienda de campaña tent.

tierno tender, soft Esta carne de vaca está muy tierna. This beef is very tender. ▲ tender, affectionate Le lanzó una mirada tierna. He looked at her affectionately.

tierra earth ¿Cómo parece la tierra desde tin avión? How does the earth look from an airplane? ▲ ground El avión cayó en tierra. The plane fell to the ground. ▲ land Están arando la tierra. They are plowing the land. ▲ soil, dirt Ponga tierra en la maceta. Put some soil in the flowerpot. ▲ native land, country Pronto regresaré a mi tierra. Soon I'll return to my country. ° caer por tierra to fall to the ground. ° echar por tierra to overthrow, ruin Le echaron por tierra sus proyectos. They ruined his plans. ° echar tierra a to forget, hush up Le echaron tierra al asunto. They hushed up the matter. ° por tierra overland, by land La única manera de llegar allí es por tierra. The only way to get there is by land.

tigre [m] tiger.

tijera ° cama de tijera day bed, cot. ° tijeras [pl] scissors, shears.

timbre [m] electric bell; seal, tax stamp.

timidez [f] shyness, bashfulness.

tímido timid, shy, bashful.

timo fraud, swindle Ud. ha sido víctima de un timo. You've been the victim of a swindle.

timón [m] helm; rudder.

tino good aim; tact. ° hablar sin tino to chatter incessantly. ° sin tino without rhyme or reason, aimlessly.

tinta ink.

tinte [m] shade, tint; dyeing; dry cleaning shop.

tinterillo shyster lawyer [m].

tintero inkwell. ° quedársele a uno algo en el tintero to forget completely Se me ha quedado en el tintero. I completely forgot about it.

tinto wine colored. ° café tinto black coffee [Col].

tintorería dry cleaning shop; combination laundry and dry cleaning establishment [Arg].

tío uncle Llegó con su tío. He came with his uncle. ▲ fellow, guy Me lo dijo el tío ese. That fellow told me so.

típico typical, characteristic ¿Cuál es el traje típico de esta región? What is the typical dress here? — Eso es típico de ellos. That's typical of them.

tiple [m] treble. ▲ [f] soprano.

tipo type, pattern Ese tipo de letra es muy moderno. That's very modern lettering. ▲ type Limpie los tipos de la máquina de escribir. Clean the type on the typewriter. — Tiene tipo latino. He's a Latin type. ▲ guy (derogatory), character ¿Quién es ese tipo? Who's that guy? ° buen tipo good figure or physique Tiene buen tipo. He has a good physique. ° mal tipo bad egg Es muy mal tipo. He's a bad egg. ▲ poor physique Tiene mal tipo. He has a poor physique. ° tipo de interés rate of interest Han subido el tipo del interés. The rate of interest has gone up.

tiquete [m] ticket [Am].

tira narrow strip.

tirador, tiradora marksman, good shot.

tiranía tyranny.

tirano tyrant.

tirante tight, taut Ponga la red bien tirante. Make the net good and tight. ▲ tense La situación era muy tirante. The situation was very tense. ° tirantes [m pl] suspenders Compró unos tirantes. He bought susponders.

tirar to throw Tiró la pelota más lejos que todos los otros. He threw the ball farther than all the others. ▲ to throw away, discard Este cinturón ya no sirve; hay que tirarlo. This belt is no longer any good; we have to throw it away. ▲ to shoot, fire (gun) Estaban tirando al blanco con rifle. They were shooting at the target with rifles. ▲ to draw Tire Ud. una línea recta. Draw a straight line. ▲ to squander, waste Ha tirado su herencia. He's wasted his inheritance. ▲ to print Tirarán muchos ejemplares. They'll print a large edition. ° tirar a los dados to shoot craps, ° tirar coces to kick Está tirando coces el caballo. The horse is kicking. ° tirar de to pull Tira de la cuerda. Pull the cord. ° tirar de la oreja a Jorge to gamble Fueron encarcelados por tirar de la oreja a Jorge. They were imprisoned for gambling. ° tirarse to throw oneself, hurl oneself Se tiró por la ventana. He threw himself out the window. ▲ to jump Vimos como se tiraban los paracaidistas. We saw the parachutists jump.

tiritar to shiver.

tiro drive, shot Su tiro de revés es mejor que su tiro de derecha. His backhand drive is better than his forehand. ▲ shot El tiro atravesó la pared. The shot went through the wall. ▲ team of horses Caballo de tiro. Draft horse. ° (de) al tiro right away, immediately [Am] . ° errar el tiro to miss the mark Ha errado Ud. el tiro. You missed. ° ni a tiros for love or money No lo haremos ni a tiros. We won't do it for love or money. || ¡Lindo tiro! Good shot!

titubear to hesitate, waver No titubea nunca. He never hesitates.

título title, name ¿Cuál es el título del libro? What's the title of the book? ▲ headline (newspaper) Sólo he leído los títulos. I've only read the headlines. ▲ diploma, degree, title Tiene el título de maestra normal. She has a teacher's diploma. ° a título de que on whose authority ¿A título de qué hace ella eso? On whose authority is she doing that? ° título de propiedad deed (of property) ¿Dónde están los títulos de su propiedad? Where are the deeds to your property?

toalla towel No tengo toalla. I haven't got a towel.

tobillo ankle.

tocador [m] boudoir; dressing table.

tocante a concerning.

tocar to touch No me toque Ud. Don't touch me. ▲ to play (an instrument) Estaba tocando el piano. He was playing the piano. ▲ to knock Toqué a la puerta. I knocked at the door. ▲ to get a share Nos tocarán par-tes iguales. We'll get equal shares. ▲ to draw Le tocó el número premiado. He drew the prize-winning number. ▲ to call (at a port) El barco no tocará en Veracruz. The ship won't call at Veracruz. ° por lo que a mí (él, etc) toca as far as I'm (he's, etc) concerned. ° tocarle a uno to be one's turn Le toca jugar. It's his turn to play. ▲ to concern Eso no le toca a ella. That doesn't concern her.

tocino bacon.

todavía still ¿Todavía tienes hambre? Are you still hungry? ▲ yet Todavía no ha llegado. He hasn't arrived yet. ▲ even Ella es todavía más buena que él. She's even kinder than he is. ° todavía no not yet Todavía no he comido. I haven't eaten yet.

todo [adj] all Este pollo es todo huesos. This chicken's all bones. ▲ full Pasaron a toda velocidad. They tore past at full speed. ▲ [m] all, the whole ¡Eso es todo! That's all! ▲ everything Le gusta probarlo todo. He likes to try everything. ° ante todo first of all Ante todo dígame Ud. a que hora llegan. First of all tell me what time they're coming. ° así y todo in spite of all Así y todo me gusta estar aquí. In spite of all that, I like being here. ° a todo all out, to the limit Iban a todo correr. They were going at full speed. ° con todo still, however Con todo prefiero no ir. Still, I prefer not to go. ° del todo wholly, completely Se le olvidó del todo. He completely forgot. ° jugarse el todo por el todo to bet everything Se están jugando el todo por el todo. They're betting everything. ° ser el todo to be the whole El es el todo del equipo. He's the whole team. ° sobre todo especially, above all Me gusta el café, sobre todo si está caliente. I like coffee, especially if it's hot. ° todo bicho viviente every living soul Se lo contó a todo bicho viviente. He told every living soul. ° todo cuanto all that Todo cuanto Ud. dice me interesa. All that you tell me interests me. ° todo el día all day Todo el día estuvo jugando. He was playing all day. ° todo el mundo everybody Todo el mundo lo sabe. Everybody knows it. ° todos everybody Todos lo quieren. Everybody likes him. ° todos los every Todos los años im a la montaña. He goes to the mountains every year. || Todos son unos. They're all the same.

toldo awning; tarpaulin.

tolerancia toleration, tolerance.

tolerante tolerant.

tolerar to overlook, tolerate Le tolera sus faltas. She overlooks his faults. ▲ to tolerate No podemos tolerar eso. We can't tolerate that.

tomada [Am] plug (electrical). tomar to take Tomaré el que más me guste. I'll take the one I happen to like best. — Tomaremos el avión esta tarde. We'll take the plane this afternoon. — No lo tome Ud. en ese sentido. Don't take it that way. ▲ to drink, eat, have Tomaremos café al regresar. We'll have coffee when we return. ▲ to take, hire Tomemos un taxi. Let's take a taxi. ▲ to take, adopt Ha tornado las costumbres de aquel país. He has adopted the customs of that country. ▲ to take, capture Tomaron la ciudad por la noche. They captured the city during the night. ° sin tomar aliento in a great hurry Vino sin tomar aliento. He came in a great hurry. ° tomar a bien to take the right way (to put the correct interpretation upon) Lo tomarán a bien. They'll take it the right way. ° tomar a broma to take as a joke Tomémoslo a broma. Let's take it as a joke. ° tomar a mal to take offense. ° tomar a pecho to take to heart No lo tome Ud. a pecho. Don't take it to heart. ° tomar asiento to sit down, take a seat ¿Quiere Ud. tomar asiento? Won't you sit down? ° tomar cariño a to become attached to, fond of Me tomaron mucho cariño. They became very much attached to me. ° tomar el gusto to begin to like Ya le estoy tomando el gusto a este juego. I'm beginning to like this game. ° tomar el sol to sun oneself Salieron para tomar el sol. They went out to sun themselves. ° tomarla con uno to pick on, ride La ha tomado conmigo. He picked on me. ° tomar la responsabilidad to take (assume) responsibility El tomó la responsabilidad del trabajo. He assumed the responsibility for the work. ° tomar las de Villadiego to take to one's heels. ° tomar nota to take note Tomaron nota de todo. They took note of everything. ° tomar por to consider, take for Lo toman por tonto. They take him for a fool. ° tomar por, tomar hacia to turn, go in the direction Al llegar a la esquina tomó hacia su casa. When he reached the corner he went in the direction of his house. ° tomar precauciones to take precautions Están tomando todas las precauciones necesarias. They're taking all the necessary precautions. ° tomarse to take Se tomó unas horas para decidirlo. He took a few hours to decide. ° tomarse alas to take liberties; to get too big for one's breeches. ° tomar (una or la) resolución to resolve, decide Tomó la resolución de hacerlo. He decided to do it. || ¡Tome Ud.! Here you are!

tomate [m] tomato.

tomo volume Esta obra tiene varios tomos. This work is in several volumes.

tonada tune, song.

tonel [m] cask, barrel.

tonelada ton.

tono tone, note Desafina casi medio tono. She's nearly a half-note off pitch. ▲ manner Me lo dijo con mal tono. He told me in a rude manner. ▲ shade ¿No tiene otro tono de rojo? Haven't you another shade of red? ° bajar el tono to lower the pitch Baje Ud. el tono de voz. Lower your voice. ° darse tono to put on airs Se da tono de gran persona. She puts on the airs of a great lady. ° en todos los tonos in every possible way Se lo he dicho en todos los tonos. I've told him in every way I know.

tontería foolishness, nonsense Eso es una tontería. That's nonsense!

tonto silly, foolish, stupid, dumb No es tan tanto como Ud. cree. He's not as dumb as you think. ▲ [n] fool ¡Qué tonto! What a fool! ° a tontas y a locas thoughtlessly, haphazard Todo lo hace a tontas y a locas. Everything he does is crazy. ° hacerse el tonto to play the fool. ° pasar las horas en tonto to pass the time doing nothing. ° tonto de capirote blockhead Es un tonto de capirote. He's a blockhead.

topar to butt, strike against. ° topar con to stumble upon, find, come upon Topé con él en la calle. I came upon him in the street.

toque [m] touch Unos cuantos toques más y estará terminado. ▲ few more touches and it will be finished. ° toque de corneta bugle-call. ° toque de diana reveille. ° toque de tambor beat of drum.

torbellino whirlwind.

torcer [rad-ch I] to twist Está torciendo el alambre. He's twisting the wire. ▲ to turn El camino tuerce hacia el río. The road turns toward the river. ° no dar el brazo a torcer to be stubborn Nunca da su brazo a torcer. He never gives in. ° torcerse to sprain, dislocate Se ha torcido un pie. He's sprained his foot.

torcido crooked Arregle el cuadro que está torcido. Straighten the picture; it's crooked. ▲ bent El clavo está torcido. The nail is bent. ▲ twisted Este alambre está torcido. This wire is twisted. ▲ unlucky [Am] Es muy torcido en el juego. He's very unlucky at gambling.

torero bullfighter.

tormenta storm.

tormento torment, pain.

tornarse to turn, become Se tornó muy amargo. He became very bitter.

torneo tournament.

tornillo screw Necesitamos un clavo, no un tornillo. We need a nail, not a screw. ° faltarle a uno un tornillo to have a screw loose A ese muchacho le falta algún tornillo. That boy has a screw loose.

toro bull.

torpe slow; stupid.

torre [f] tower.

torta cake.

tortilla omelet; [Mex] pancake.

tortuga turtle.

tos [f] cough.

tosco rough Es un trabajo muy tosco. It's a very rough job. ▲ coarse, uncouth Es un hombre tosco. He's a coarse fellow.

toser to cough.

tostada toast En el desayuno tomo café con tostadas. I have coffee and toast for breakfast.

tostado tanned (by the sun).

tostar [rad-ch I] to toast.

tostón [m] tostón (coin for half a peso) [Mex].

total [adj; m] total ¿Cuál es el total de la suma? What's the total amount? ° en total in a word, in short En total, lo que pasó fué esto. In a word, what happened was this: ° total que the upshot of it was that Total que no podía verla. The upshot of it all was that I didn't get to see her.

trabajador industrious Era honrado y trabajador. He was honest and industrious. ▲ [n] worker Han aumentado el número de trabajadores. They've increased the number of workers.

trabajar to work Trabaja en una compañía de transportes. He works with a transport company. ▲ to work, strive Ha trabajado mucho para conseguir lo que quería. He's worked hard to get what he wanted. ▲ to till Están trabajando la tierra. They're tilling the land.

trabajo work El trabajo está muy bien hecho. The work is very well done. ▲ labor Van a cambiar la ley del trabajo. They're going to change the labor laws. ° costar mucho trabajo to be difficult, hard Me costó mucho trabajo arreglar el asunto. It was quité a job for me to get the matter straightened out. ° pasar trabajos to experience hardships, have a hard time Está pasando muchos trabajos. He's having a hard time. ° trabajos forzados hard labor (penal).

trabar ° trabar amistad to strike up a friendship Trabaron amistad en un viaje. They struck up a friendship on a trip. ° trabarse la lengua to stammer Se le traba la lengua cuando habla ligero. When he speaks fast he stammers.

tradición [f] tradition.

tradicional traditional.

traducción [f] translation.

traducir [-zc-] to translate ¿Quién tradujo esto? Who translated this?

traer [irr] to bring He traído una carta para Ud. I brought a letter for you. ▲ to wear Ella traía un lindo abrigo. She wore a lovely coat. ▲ to bring, serve Espere que traigan el café. Wait until they serve the coffee. ▲ to carry, have El periódico hoy trae tin artículo sobre el Señor X. Today's paper has an article on Mr. X. ▲ to have No traigo la pluma conmigo. I haven't my pen with me. ° traer y llevar to talk about someone, gossip Le gusta mucho traer y llevar. He likes to gossip.

tráfico traffic En esta ciudad hay poco tráfico. Traffic is very light in this city.

tragar to swallow.

tragedia tragedy.

trágico tragic.

trago swallow, drink. ° echar un trago to take a drink, to have a shot.

traición [f] treason.

traicionar to betray.

traidor [m] traitor.

traje [m] dress Llevaba un lindo traje. She was wearing a pretty dress. ° traje de baño bathing suit. ° traje de etiqueta formal dress Todos vestían traje de etiqueta. They were all wearing formal dress. ° traje largo evening dress Las señoras iban de traje largo. The ladies were in evening dress. ° traje sastre tailored suit Siempre usa traje sastre. She always wears tailored suits. trámite [m] business transaction.

trampa trap Pusieron algunas trampas para los ratones. They set several rat traps. ° hacer trampas to cheat Hace trampas cuando juega. He cheats when he plays.

trance [m] ° a todo trance at any cost Está resuelto a hacerlo a todo trance. He is determined to do it at any cost. ° en trance de at the point of Estaba en trance de muerte. He was at the point of death.

tranquilidad [f] rest, peace, tranquillity.

tranquilizarse to be reassured Me he tranquilizado con lo que Ud. me ha dicho. What you have told me has reassured me. ▲ to calm oneself, be calmed ¡Tranquilícese! Calm yourself!

tranquilo [adj] quiet.

transacción [f] settlement; transaction.

transcurrir to pass, elapse Transcurrió mucho tiempo sin que le volviera a ver. ▲ long time passed without her seeing him again.

transeúnte [adj] transient. ▲ [m] passer-by.

transferir [rad-ch II] to transfer.

transformar to transform.

transición [f] transition.

transigir to settle, compromise ¡Con eso no transijo! I won't compromise on that ! ▲ to agree Transigieron en hablarle. They agreed to talk to him.

tránsito passage Se prohibe el tránsito. No thoroughfare. ° de tránsito in transit Estaba de tránsito. He was passing through.

transmisión [f] transmission; broadcast(ing) La transmisión del programa de radio será a las ocho de la noche. The program will be broadcast at eight P.M.

transmisora broadcasting station.

transmitir to transmit; to broadcast.

transparente transparent. ▲ [m] window shade.

transportar to transport, carry.

transporte [m] transport; transportation.

tranvía [m] street car.

trapero rag picker.

trapo piece of cloth. ▲ rag Déme Ud. el trapo para limpiar la mesa. Give me the rag to clean the table. ° a todo trapo to beat the band Estaban charlando a todo trapo. They were talking to beat the band. ° poner como un trapo to insult, skin alive. || Siempre están charlando de trapos. They're always discussing clothes.

tras after La policía andaba tras él. The police were after him. ▲ behind Estaba tras la puerta. It was behind the door. ° tras de behind Iba tras de ella. He was walking behind her.

trasero [adj] rear, back La parte trasera del automóvil. The rear part of the automobile. ▲ [m] rear, hind part.

trasladar to transfer La trasladaron a otro departamento. She was transferred to another department. ° trasladarse to move (change place of residence or work) Se han trasladado a otra ciudad. They've moved to another city.

trasnochador [m] night-owl.

trasnochar to be up all night.

traspasar to go through, pierce El balazo le traspasó el corazón. The bullet pierced his heart. ▲ to transfer, sell (a business) Traspasó la tienda muy ventajosamente. He sold the business very profitably.

traspatio back yard [Am].

trastornado (see trastornar) crazy, insane.

trastornar to upset, disturb Trastornó toda la habitación. He upset the whole room. ▲ to drive insane El disgusto la trastornó. The misfortune drove her insane.

tratado treaty; treatise.

tratamiento medical treatment; courteous form of address.

tratante [m] dealer (in cattle or grain) Es un tratante en granos. He's a grain dealer.

tratar to treat Lo trataron con desprecio. They treated him with contempt. — El médico la trató por mucho tiempo. The doctor treated her for a long time. ▲ to handle Trate eso con cuidado. Handle that with care. ° tratar de to deal with (a subject or thing) Vamos a tratar de ese negocio. Let's deal with that business. ▲ to try Trataron de resolver el problema. They tried to solve the problem. ▲ to call Lo trató de loco. She called him a madman. ° tratarse (con) to deal with (person), be on good or intimate terms (with) No me trato con Juan. I'm not on good terms with John. — Juan y Pedro no se tratan. John and Peter are not on good terms. ° tratarse de to be the subject of, be a question of Se trata de hacerlo lo mejor posible. It's a question of doing it in the best possible way.

trato treatment Le dieron a él muy buen trato. They treated him very well. ▲ behavior, manners Su trato es muy correcto. His manner is very correct. ▲ pact, agreement, deal (commercial) Hicieron un trato. They had an understanding. ▲ close friendship Parece que tienen mucho trato. They seem to be very close friends. ° tener buen trato to be pleasant, be nice.

través ° a través de through, across Fueron a través del bosque. They went through the woods. ° de través sidewise, out of the corner of the eye Me miró de través. He looked at me out of the corner of his eye.

travesía voyage.

travesura prank, antic.

traviesa railroad tie [Sp].

travieso mischievous, prankish.

trayecto distance, stretch, line.

traza looks, appearance. ° buena traza good appearance. ° mala traza evil look Ese hombre tiene mala traza. That man looks dangerous. ° tener trazas to show signs Esto no tiene trazas de terminarse. This doesn't seem te be anywhere near finished. ° tener trazas de to look like Tiene trazas de mendigo. He looks like a beggar.

trazar to draw Trazó un croquis rápidamente. He quickly drew a sketch. ▲ to draw up Trazaron planes para el futuro. They drew up plans for the future.

trazo line, stroke Con unos trazos de lápiz hizo una caricatura. With a few strokes of his pencil he made a caricature.

trébol [m] clover.

trece thirteen.

trecho space, stretch Hay un trecho de mal camino. There's a stretch of bad road. ° de trecho en trecho at intervals Han plantado árboles de trecho en trecho. They have planted trees at intervals.

tregua truce, lull Hubo una tregua en la lucha. There was a lull in the fighting. ° sin tregua without rest Trabaja sin tregua. He works without rest.

treinta thirty.

tremendo terrible, dreadful Hubo un accidente tremendo. There was a terrible accident. ▲ huge, tremendous Ocasionó tremendos gastos. It entailed tremendous expense.

tren [m] train El tren viene atrasado. The train is late. ▲ pomp, show Con ese tren de vida se van a arruinar. They'll go broke with such extravagant living. ° tren correo mail train. ° tren de mercancías freight train Pasaron un tren de mercancías. They passed a freight train. ° tren de viajeros passenger train Hay un tren de viajeros cada dos horas. There's a (passenger) train every two hours. ° tren expreso (or rápido) express train. ° tren mixto freight and passenger train.

trenza braid, tress.

trepar to climb Trepó al árbol con gran dificultad. He climbed the tree with great difficulty.

tres three.

triángulo triangle.

tribu [f] tribe.

tribuna rostrum, reviewing stand El orador subió a la tribuna. The speaker mounted the rostrum. ▲ gallery Desde las tribunas ovacionaron a los diputados. The galleries cheered the delegates. ° la tribuna the bar; politics (profession). ° tribunas grandstand Las tribunas estaban llenas de espectadores. The grandstand was filled with spectators.

tribunal [m] court (of justice); examining board. ° llevar alguien a los tribunales to sue.

tribuno orator.

trigo wheat.

trinchadora sideboard.

trinchante [m] carving knife.

trinchar to carve (meat).

trinchera trench; ditch; trench coat.

trineo sled; bob sled.

tripa tripe; intestines; belly.

triple triple, treble.

tripulación [f] crew.

triste sad. ▲ sad, sorry Hizo un triste papel. He cut a sorry figure. ▲ gloomy, dismal El día está muy triste. It's a gloomy day.

tristeza sadness, sorrow.

triunfar to triumph, succeed Triunfaron sus proyectos. His plans succeeded. ▲ to win Ha triunfado en el campeonato. He won the championship. ° triunfar de to triumph over Pudo triunfar de toda la oposición. He was able to triumph over all opposition.

triunfo triumph, victory El triunfo sobre el enemigo fué completo. The victory over the enemy was complete. ▲ trump card Echó un triunfo. He played a trump. ° costar un triunfo to be exceedingly difficult Nos costó un triunfo conseguirlo. It cost us a lot of effort to get it. or It was no easy matter to get it.

triza small piece. ° hacer trizas to tear to bits Hizo trizas el papel. He tore the paper to bits.

trompa horn; elephant's trunk.

trompeta [f] trumpet, bugle. ▲ [m] bugler.

tronar [rad-ch I] to thunder Ha estado tronando durante toda la noche. It's been thundering all night long. ° por lo que pueda tronar as a precaution Lo llevaré por lo que pueda tronar. I'll take it along as a precaution.

tronchado (see tronchar) broken. ° estar tronchado to be all in.

tronchar to break. ° troncharse to split one's sides with laughter [Slang].

troncho stalk, stem (of garden plants).

tronco trunk, stalk, stem El tronco del árbol es muy grueso. The tree has a large trunk. ▲ team Un hermoso tronco de caballos tiraba del carro. The carriage was drawn by a handsome team of horses. ▲ stock Procede de viejo tronco. He comes from very old stock.

trono throne.

tropa troop Las tropas desfilaron por la calle. The troops marched through the streets.

tropel [m] bustle, confusion (of people) ¿Por qué hay tanto tropel en la calle? Why is there so much confusion in the street? ° en tropel boisterously, in a throng Entraron en la casa en tropel. They entered the house boisterously. ° tropel de caballos herd of horses.

tropelía excess, excessive act; outrage Los soldados cometieron tropelías. The troops committed many outrages.

tropezar [rad-ch I] to stumble Tropezó y cayó al suelo. He stumbled and fell. ° tropezar con to run into, come upon Tropecé con él en la calle. I came upon him in the street. ° tropezar en to trip over Tropecé en el bordillo de la acera. I tripped over the curb.

tropical tropical.

trópico tropic (al). ▲ [m] tropics.

tropiezo obstacle, hitch.

trotar to trot Los caballos trotaban a través del campo. The horses were trotting across the field. ▲ to hustle Me he pasado la mañana trotando. I've been on the go all morning.

trote [m] trot El caballo tiene muy buen trote. The horse has a good trot. ° al trote in haste Me llevaba al trote. He kept me on the run.

trozo piece Déme Ud. un trozo de pollo. Give me a piece of chicken. ▲ part Un trozo de la calle está en mal estado. ▲ part of the street is in bad shape. ▲ fragment Está hecho con trozos de tela. It's made out of odds and ends of cloth. ▲ selection, passage (of books) Léame un trozo de ese libro. Read me a selection from that book. ° trozo de madera wooden block El niño juega con trozos de madera. The child is playing with wooden blocks. ° trozo musical musical selection Es un lindo trozo musical. That's a beautiful piece of music.

trucha trout.

trueno thunder Hubo truenos y relámpagos durante la tormenta. There was thunder and lightning during the storm. ° trueno gordo big scandal Esa noticia será un trueno gordo. That news will create a big scandal.

trusa bathing suit [Antilles].

tu pl tus [adj; Fam] your Aquí tienes tus guantes y tu bastón. Here are your gloves and your cane.

tu [pron; Fam] you María, tu irás conmigo. Mary, you'll go with me. ° tratar de tú to use tú in addressing, be on intimate terms with ¿Le trata Ud. de tú? Are you on intimate terms with him?

tubo tube, pipe.

tuerca nut (hardware)

tuerto one-eyed.

tumba tomb.

tumbar to knock down Lo tumbó al primer golpe. He knocked him down with the first punch. ° tumbarse to tumble Se tumbó en la cama. He tumbled into bed.

tumbo tumble, somersault Andaba dando tumbos. He was turning somersaults.

tumor [m] tumor.

tumulto mob, noisy crowd.

tuna prickly pear [Am].

tunante [m] rake, rascal, rogue ¡Es un tunante! He's a rascal!

túnel [m] tunnel.

tupido (see tupir) thick; close-woven; stopped up, clogged.

tupir to pack tight Se me han tupido las narices. My nose is stopped up.

turba crowd, mob.

turbación [f] confusion.

turbar to disturb, upset; to confuse. turbio muddy Esta agua está turbia. This water is muddy. ▲ blurred, indistinct Veo todo turbio. I see everything blurred.

turista [m, f] tourist.

turno turn Espere que le llegue su turno. Wait your turn. ° de turno on duty Estaba de turno aquella noche. He was on duty that night.

turquesa turquoise.

turrón [m] nougat.

tutear to use the familiar tú in addressing a person.

tutor, tutora tutor.

tuyo yours, of yours [Fam] ¿Es tuyo esto? Is this yours? — Creía que eran amigas tuyas. He thought they were friends of yours.

U

u (for o, before o or ho) or Elija uno u otro. Choose one or the other.

ultimo last ¿Quién es el último? Who's last? ▲ final Fué su última decisión. It was his final decision. ▲ latest Las últimas noticias son muy buenas. The latest news is very good. ° a la última moda in the latest style Va a la última moda. She dresses in the latest style. ° a última hora at the last minute. ° a últimos de at the end of Vendrá a últimos de septiembre. He'll come at the end of September. ° estar a la última (or a la cuarta) pregunta to be flat-broke El pobre muchacho está a la última pregunta. The poor boy's flat-broke. ° por última vez for the last time Por última vez ¿viene Ud.? For the last time, are you coming? ° por último finally.

un (see uno) a, an; one.

unánime unanimous.

undécimo eleventh.

ungüento ointment.

único only, only one Es el único que puede arreglar este asunto. He's the only one who can arrange this matter. — Es hijo único. He's an only son.

unidad [f] unity Trabajemos todos por la unidad. Let's all work for unity. ▲ figure A esa unidad agregúele dos ceros. Add two zeros to that figure. ▲ unit ¿Cuál es la unidad monetaria de su país? What's the monetary unit of your country?

unión [f] union La unión de esos dos países es probable. The union of those two countries is likely. ▲ union, marriage Anoche se celebró la unión de Juan y María. The marriage of John and Mary took place last night. ▲ unity La unión hace la fuerza. In unity there is strength. ▲ joining, joint La unión de esas tablas está mal hecha. Those boards are badly joined.

unir to tie together Una Ud. esas dos cuerdas. Tie those two strings together. ▲ to attach Una Ud. esa carta al informe. Attach that letter to the report. ° unirse to unite, join No quería unirse con nadie en aquel negocio. He didn't want to be united with anybody in that business. ▲ to join Se unió a los obreros. He joined the workers.

universal universal.

universidad [f] university.

universo universe, world.

uno a, an Necesito un experto para este trabajo. I need an expert for this work. ▲ one Sólo uno ha llegado. Only one has arrived. ° cada uno each one Pagó a cada uno lo que le debía. He paid each one what he owed him. ° de una a otra parte from one place to another; from side to side. ° uno a uno, uno por uno one by one Salgan uno a uno. Go out one by one. ° uno que otro occasional(ly) Uno que otro día viene a vernos. He comes to see us occasionally. ° unos a otros each other, one another Se miraban zinos a otros. They were looking at one another. ° unos cuantos some, a few ¿Quiere Ud. darme unos cuantos? Will you give me a few? ° unos, unas some, a few Déme unas manzanas. Give me a few apples. ° un ... sí y otro no every other ... Viene un día sí y otro no. He comes every other day.

untar to spread Úntele mantequilla a las tostadas. Spread some butter on the toast. ▲ to bribe Le untaron para que no declarara la verdad. They bribed him so that he wouldn't tell the truth. ° untar con grasa to grease Untó la rueda con grasa. He greased the wheel. ° untarse to grease, smear Le gustaba untarse la cara con crema. She liked to use cream on her face. uña nail, fingernail, toenail Se rompió la uña. She broke her fingernail. ▲ claw El gato sacó las uñas. The cat showed its claws. ° ser uña y carne to be fast friends.

urbanidad [f] (good) manners.

urbano urban.

urgencia urgency, hurry Lo necesitan con urgencia. They need it in a hurry. ° clínica de urgencia emergency ward. ° cura de urgencia emergency treatment. ° sello de urgencia special-delivery stamp.

urgente pressing, urgent.

usado (see usar) used, second-hand Quiero comprar un carro usado. I want to buy a used car.

usanza usage, custom.

usar to use ¿Puedo usar su pluma? May I use your pen? ▲ to wear ¿Qué número de zapatos usa Ud.? What size shoe do you wear? ° antes de usarse before using Agítese antes de usarse. Shake well before using. ° usarse to be in use or fashion Este año se usa mticho ese color. This year that color's very fashionable.

uso use ¿Qué uso tiene esta máquina? What use has this machine? ° en buen uso in good condition Ese abrigo está todavía en buen uso. That overcoat's still in good condition. || Empezó a trabajar apenas tuvo uso de razón. He began to work when he was very young.

usted (abbr Ud., Vd.) you ¿Cómo está Ud.? How are you?

usual usual, customary Lo usual en estos casos es el traje de smoking. The tuxedo's customary for such occasions.

útil profitable El juego es útil y agradable. The game's both pleasant and profitable. ▲ useful Era un hombre muy útil. He was a very useful man. ° útiles (de trabajo) tools, utensils.

utilidad [f] usefulness, utility ¿Tiene esto alguna utilidad? Has this any usefulness?

utilizar to utilize.

uva grape.

V

vaca cow. ▲ beef Estos filetes ¿son de vaca o de ternera? Are these steaks beef or veal?

vacación [f] vacation.

vacante [adj] vacant. ▲ [f] vacancy.

vaciar to empty; to drain.

vacilar to reel, stagger Vacilaba mucho al andar. He staggered badly when he walked. ▲ to waver, hesitate ¡No vacile Ud.! Don't hesitate!

vacío void, empty El granero estaba vacío. The granary was empty. ▲ unoccupied, vacant A fin de mes quedará el cuarto vacío. At the end of the month the room'll be vacant. ▲ vacuous, stupid, empty Era un hombre vacío. He was a stupid fellow. ▲ [m] empty space, space, vacuum Se lanzó al vacío. He jumped into space.

vacuna vaccine.

vadear to wade through, ford.

vado ford.

vagabundo, vagabunda tramp, bum.

vagar to rove, wander.

vago vague, hazy Tengo una vaga idea. I have a vague idea. ▲ [m] loafer, tramp No le gusta trabajar, es un vago. He doesn't like to work; he's a loafer.

vagón [m] railway car. ° vagón de carga freight car.

vagoneta dump cart.

vaina nuisance, bother. ▲ scabbard, sheath; pod (of vegetables).

vainilla vanilla.

vaivén [m] fluctuation; vibration.

vajilla set of dishes; chinaware.

vale [m] note, I.O.U.; sales slip; coupon.

valentía courage.

valer [irr] to cost ¿Cuánto vale ese traje? How much is that dress? ▲ to cause, result in Aquella tontería le valió muchos disgustos. That foolishness caused him a lot of trouble. ▲ to be of value Puede Ud. tirar esos papeles, no valen nada. You can throw those papers away, they're worthless. ▲ to be worth, be worthy Ese hombre vale mucho. That man's very worthy. ▲ [m] worth, merit Es un hombre de mucho valer. He's a man of great merit. ° más valiera it'd be better Más me valiera no haberle conocido. It'd be better for me never to have known him. ° no poder valerse to be helpless Con las manos heridas no podía valerse. With his injured hands he was helpless. ° valer(le a uno) la pena to be worth (one's) while No (me) vale la pena ir. It's not worth (my) while to go. ° valerse de to make use of, avail oneself of Se valió de muchos medios. He availed himself of every means at his disposal.

valiente valiant, brave, courageous.

valija valise, suitcase; briefcase.

valioso [adj] valuable.

valla wooden fence.

valle [m] valley.

valor [m] price Lo he comprado por la mitad de su valor. I bought it at half price. ▲ value El valor del dólar equivale a cinco pesos en México. The dollar's worth five Mexican pesos. ▲ import, importance, meaning ¿Qué valor le da Ud. a esas palabras? What importance do you attach to those words? ▲ courage, gallantry El soldado demostró mucho valor. The soldier showed great courage. ▲ nerve, crust ¿Cómo tiene Ud. valor para presentarse aquí? How do you have the nerve to appear here? ° valores stocks, bonds, securities.

vanidad [f] vanity.

vanidoso vain.

vano vain, shallow. ° en vano in vain.

vapor [m] steam; steamship. ° al vapor swiftly, at lightning speed.

vaquero cowboy, cowhand.

vara twig, switch; vara (measure; about a yard); yardstick.

varar to run aground La embarcación varó frente a la costa. The vessel ran aground off the coast. || Se ha varado completamente. He's down and out [Col].

variable changeable, variable, unstable.

variación [f] variation, change.

variedad [f] variety, diversity. ° variedades vaudeville show.

vario various, varied Tenía telas de varios precios. He had fabrics at various prices. ▲ several Hay varios libros en la mesa. There are several books on the table.

varón [m] male (of humans).

varonil virile, manly.

vaselina vaseline.

vasija container, receptacle (for liquids).

vaso (drinking) glass.

vasto vast, huge, immense.

¡vaya un(a) ... ! what a(n) ... ¡Vaya una idea! What an idea!

vecindad [f] tenants ¿Tiene esta casa mucha vecindad? Are there many tenants in this house? ▲ vicinity, neighborhood Viven en la vecindad. They live in the vicinity.

vecindario population of a district, ward, etc.

vecino neighboring, near-by Traen las provisiones del pueblo vecino. They bring provisions from the town near-by. ▲ [n] neighbor. ▲ tenant Aquella casa tenía cincuenta vecinos. There were fifty tenants in that house.

vegetación [f] vegetation.

vegetal [adj; m] vegetable. ° el reino vegetal the vegetable kingdom.

vehemencia vehemence.

veinte twenty.

vejez [f] old age.

vela vigil Le vela duró hasta la madrugada. The vigil lasted till daybreak. ▲ candle Encienda Ud. esa vela. Light that candle. ▲ sail Tenía varios barcos de vela. He had several sailing ships. ° a toda vela under full sail; at full speed. ° en vela awake Pasó la noche en vela. He was awake all night.

velada evening party or gathering.

velar to stay up, keep watch Estuvo toda la noche velando el enfermo. He kept watch all night over the sick man. ▲ to stay awake Veló toda la noche. He stayed awake all night. ° velar por to take care of, protect Vela muy bien por su familia. He takes very good care of his family.

velo veil; film (thin coat). ° correr un velo to drop the matter, forget about it Carramos un velo. Let's drop it.

velocidad [f] velocity, speed.

veloz swift, fast.

vena vein. ° estar de vena to be in the mood.

venado deer.

veneer to defeat, vanquish Vencieron al enemigo. They defeated the enemy. ▲ to overcome No creo que venza esa pasión. I don't think he'll overcome that habit. ▲ to win Venció nuestro equipo por dos tantos. Our team won by two points. ▲ to prevail Su opinión fué la que venció. It was his opinion that prevailed. ▲ to become due La letra venció ayer. The bill of exchange was due yesterday. ° vencerse to control (one's feelings).

venda bandage, surgical dressing; roll of bandage.

vendaje [m] bandage, surgical dressing; bandaging.

vendar to bandage, dress.

vendedor [m] vendor, seller, trader.

vender to sell Vendió todas sus propiedades. He sold all his property. ° vender a crédito to sell on credit. ° vender al contado to sell for cash. ° vender a plazos to sell on installments ° vender(se) to give oneself away, betray Su emoción le vendió. His emotion betrayed him. — Al hablar se vendió. When he spoke he gave himself away. ▲ to accept a bribe, sell out Le fusilaron por haberse vendido al enemigo. They shot him for having sold out to the enemy.

veneno poison, venom.

venenoso [adj] poisonous, venomous.

venganza revenge, vengeance.

vengar to avenge. ° vengarse to take revenge.

venir [irr] to come. Viene de muy buena familia. He comes of a very good family. ▲ to fit Eso le viene muy ancho. That's too big for her. ▲ to occur No sé como me vino esa idea. I don't know how that idea occurred to me. ° que viene next Le veré la semana que viene. I'll see you next week. ° venir a (followed by infinitive) to get to, end by Vino a ser presidente. He got to be president. ° venir a menos to decline, be in reduced circumstances Con la muerte del padre esa familia vino a menos. As a result of the death of the father, that family's in reduced circumstances. ° venir a parar to turn out, terminate ¿En qué vino a parar ese asunto? How did that matter turn out? ° venir a pelo to be to the point Lo que dijo no venía a pelo. What he said wasn't to the point. ° venir a ser to amount to Eso viene a ser lo mismo. That amounts to the same thing. ° venir a tener probably have, must have Viene a tener unos cuatro mil pesos de renta al año. He must have an income of about four thousand pesos a year. ° venir bien to suit Me vendrá muy bien una temporada en el campo. A stay in the country will suit me fine. ° venir mal not to suit, be inconvenient for Me viene mal ir a esa hora. It isn't convenient for me to go at that hour. ° venirse abajo, venirse a tierra to fall (through), collapse Todo aquello se vino a tierra. The whole thing fell through.

venta sale Hicimos un contrato de venta. We made a contract of sale. ▲ sales, selling Toda la venta se hacia al por mayor. All the sales were wholesale. ° estar a la venta to be on sale.

ventaja advantage, profit; headway, lead. ° llevar ventaja to be ahead, have a lead.

ventajoso advantageous.

ventana window. ° echar la casa por la ventana to put oneself out, go to a lot of expense. ° ventanas de la nariz nostrils.

ventanilla ticket window; window (of a vehicle).

ventilación [f] ventilation.

ventilador [m] electric fan; ventilator.

ventilar to air, ventilate Hay que ventilar esta habitación. This room must be aired. ▲ to settle ¿Cuándo ventila esta cuenta con el Banco? When are you going to settle this account with the bank?

ventoso windy.

ventura happiness; happy event. ▲ luck Tuve la ventura de encontrarlo. I had the luck to find him.

ver [irr] to see ¿Ve Ud. bien con esas gafas? Can you see well with those glasses? ▲ to look at [Am] No me vea Ud. de esa manera. Don't look at me that way. ° no poder ver to abhor, detest No me hables de él, no le puedo ver. Don't mention his name, I detest him. ° no tener que ver con to have nothing to do with No tengo nada que ver con él. I have nothing to do with him. ° ver el cielo abierto to see a great opportunity. ° ver las estrellas to see stars (experience a sudden pain). ° verse to meet, see each other Hace mucho tiempo que no se ven. It's been a long time since they saw each other. ▲ to find oneself, be Me vi en una mala situación. I found myself in a tough spot. — Me veo obligado a hacerlo. I'm forced (or I find myself obliged) to do it. ° ver visiones to see things ¡Está Ud. viendo visiones! You're seeing things ! || ¡Allá (or Ya) veremos! Time'll tell! || ¡A ver! Let's see! || Hasta más ver. See you again.

veranear to summer, spend the summer ¿Dónde veranea Ud.? Where are you spending the summer?

veraneo (summer) vacation, summering Fuimos de veraneo a la playa. We spent the summer at the beach.

verano summer.

veras [f pl] reality, truth. ° de veras in truth, really, honestly ¡Ahora va de veras! Now he's really going! — Se lo digo de veras. I'm telling you honestly.

verdad [f] truth Le ha dicho la verdad. He's told you the truth. ° a decir verdad to tell the truth A decir verdad, yo no creo eso. To tell the truth, I don't believe that. ° decir cuatro verdades to speak one's mind, tell someone a thing or two. ° de verdad really ¿De verdad lo cree Ud.? Do you really believe it? ° ser verdad to be true Era verdad lo que decía. What he said was true. ° ¿verdad (que)? isn't that so? isn't it true? isn't it? Es Ud. americano ¿verdad? Isn't it true that you're an American? — ¿Verdad que no estaba allí? Isn't it true that he wasn't there? || ¿No es verdad? or ¿Verdad? Isn't it so?

verdadero true, staunch Es un amigo verdadero. He's a staunch friend. ▲ real No usaba su nombre verdadero. He didn't use his real name.

verde [adj] green. ▲ green, unripe La fruta estaba demasiado verde. The fruit was too green. ▲ risque, off-color Ese libro es muy verde. That book's very off-color.

verdor [m] greenness, green.

verdura vegetation; leafy vegetables.

vereda path; [Arg] sidewalk.

vergonzoso shameful; shy, bashful.

vergüenza shame; shyness, bashfulness. ° darle a uno vergüenza to be ashamed No me atrevo a decírselo, me da vergüenza. I don't dare tell him, I'm ashamed. ▲ to be (too) bashful Le da vergüenza declararse. He's too bashful to propose. ° no tener vergüenza to be shameless Ese hombre no tiene vergüenza. That man's shameless. ° no tener vergüenza de not to be too bashful to, not to be ashamed to Ese niño no tiene vergüenza de cantar delante de la gente. That boy's not ashamed to sing before people. ° tener vergüenza to be shy Ese niño tiene mucha vergüenza. That child's very shy. ▲ to be honorable or honest Es un politico que tiene vergüenza. He's an honest politician. || ¡Qué vergüenza! How shameful!

verso line of poetry; poem.

verter [rad-ch I] to spill Ha vertido el vino. He's spilled the wine. ▲ to empty Vierta Ud. esa jarra. Empty that jug. ▲ to translate Han vertido ese libro al inglés. They've translated that book into English.

vertiente [f] slope; watershed; basin (of a river).

vértigo dizziness.

vestíbulo vestibule; lobby.

vestido (see vestir) dressed Iba muy bien vestido. He was very well dressed. ▲ [m] dress ¿Qué vestido llevo a la comida? What dress shall I wear to the dinner? ▲ garments, clothing.

vestir [rad-ch III] to dress. ▲ to wear Vestía uniforme militar. He was wearing a military uniform. ▲ to be fashionable, be dressy Ese traje viste mucho. That dress is very fashionable. — Ese traje viste demasiado. That outfit's too dressy. ° vestirse to dress ¿Quién le ayuda a Ud. a vestirse? Who helps you dress? ▲ to clothe oneself; to buy clothes Antes, yo me vestía en Paris. I used to buy my clothes in Paris.

veterano old, seasoned (of soldiers). ▲ [m] veteran ; old hand, old-timer.

vez [f] turn (in line) Le llegó a Ud. la vez de entrar. It was your turn to go in. ▲ time La primera vez que vine a los Estados Unidos fué en 1938. The first time I came to the United States was in 1938. ° a la vez at once, simultaneously Todos querían hablar a la vez. Everybody wanted to talk at once. ° alguna que otra vez occasionally Le veía alguna que otra vez. I used to see him occasionally. ° alguna vez, algunas veces sometimes Algunas veces voy a comer al restaurante. Sometimes I eat at the restaurant. ° a veces occasionally A veces le veo en casa de sus amigos. Occasionally I see him at the home of friends. ° cada vez each time ¡Que lo haga otra persona cada vez! Let a different person do it each time! ° cada vez que whenever, every time Cada vez que le encuentro se lo digo. Whenever I see him I tell him so. ° cuantas veces whenever, every time Cuantas veces lo veo me habla. Whenever I see him, he speaks to me. ° ¿cuántas veces? how many times? how often? ° de una vez immediately, without delay, right now ¡Hágalo de una vez! Do it right now! ▲ in (or at) a gulp Se lo comió de una vez. He ate it in a gulp. ° de una vez para siempre once and for all De una vez para siempre se lo prohibo. Once and for all I forbid it. ° de vez en cuando once in a while, from time to time De vez en cuando iba a verla. I went to see her once in a while. ° dos veces twice. ° en vez de instead of Voy a tomar pescado en vez de carne. I'm going to have fish instead of meat. ° otra vez again ¿Por qué ha hecho Ud. eso otra vez? Why did you do that again? ▲ some other time Otra vez almorzaremos juntos. We'll have lunch together some other time. ° tal vez perhaps Tal vez mañana podamos vernos. Perhaps we can meet tomorrow. ° todas las veces que whenever, every time Todas las veces que le veo me pregunta por Ud. Whenever I see him he asks about you. ° una vez once Me invitó a comer una vez. He invited me to dinner once. — Habia (or Era) una vez .... Once upon a time there was ....

vía track ¿Por qué vía viene el expreso? Which track does the express train come in on? ▲ route La vía marítima es algo peligrosa. The sea route's somewhat dangerous. ▲ via, by way of Llegamos a Nueva York vía Miami. We arrived in New York via Miami. ▲ method, procedure Se hizo por la vía ejecutiva. It was done through executive channels. ° vía pública thoroughfare, street.

viajar to travel.

viaje [m] trip, travel ¡Cuándo sale Ud. de viaje? When do you start on your trip? — Hizo un relato de sus viajes. He gave an account of his travels. || ¡Buen viaje! Bon voyage! or Have a good trip!

viajero, viajera traveler El viajero estaba muy cansado. The traveler was very tired. ▲ passenger Se ruega a los viajeros que conserven sus billetes. Passengers are requested to keep their tickets.

víbora viper.

vibrar to vibrate.

vicio vice. ° quejarse de vicio to complain habitually.

vicioso licentious, given to vice.

víctima victim.

victoria victory, triumph. ° cantar victoria to celebrate victory; to crow too soon.

victorioso victorious, triumphant.

vid [f] grapevine.

vida life, human life Aquel descubrimiento salvó muchas vidas. That discovery saved many lives. ▲ life, liveliness El niño tiene mucha vida. The child's full of life. ▲ life, way of living Llevaba muy buena vida. He lived a very good life. ▲ life (being alive) Estuvo entre la vida y la muerte. He hovered between life and death. ▲ life, history Sabe la vida y milagros de todo el mundo. He knows everybody's life story. ° en mi vida never in my life En mi vida le he visto. I've never seen him before in my life. ° ganarse la vida to make (or earn) a living Se gana la vida escribiendo. He earns his living by writing. ° vida de perros dog's life.

vidriera glass door, window, or partition; show case; show window [Am].

vidriero glazier, dealer in glass.

vidrio glass (material); pane of glass. ° pagar los vidrios rotos to be made the scapegoat.

viejo old Aquella casa era muy vieja. That was a very old house. ▲ [m] old man [Am] El viejo caminaba con dificultad. The old man walked with difficulty. ▲ old man, pal [Am] ¡Oyeme viejo! Listen to me, old man! ° los viejos parents (affectionate) [Am] Tengo que escribirles a los viejos. I have to write to my parents. ° mi vieja my old lady (affectionate) [Am]. ° mi viejo my old man (affectionate) [Am]. ° viejo verde old goat Era un viejo verde. He was an old goat.

viento wind. ° contra viento y marea come hell and high water. ° con viento contrario against the wind. ° ir viento en popa to go very well Sus negocios van viento en popa. His business is going very well.

vientre [m] belly.

viernes [m sg] Friday. ° Viernes Santo Good Friday.

viga beam (of a building).

vigilancia vigilance, watchfulness.

vigilante watchful. ▲ [m] watchman; [Arg] policeman.

vigilar to watch, keep watch, guard, watch over.

vigilia fast, abstaining from food for religious reasons; wakefulness. ° comer de vigilia to fast (abstain from meat).

vigor [m] vigor, strength Era un hombre de mucho vigor. He was a man of great strength. ° en vigor in effect, in force. ° leyes en vigor laws in force.

vil vile, mean, despicable.

villa town Toda la villa estaba alegre en la fiesta. The whole town was gay at the festival. ▲ villa, country house En el campo tengo una villa. I have a villa in the country.

vinagre [m] vinegar. ° cara de vinagre sour-puss.

vindicar to vindicate. vino wine. ° vino tinto red wine.

viña vineyard.

violencia violence, strength.

violento impulsive; violent Tiene un carácter muy violento. He's very impulsive. ▲ strong No diga Ud. esas frasas tan violentas. Don't use such strong language. ° sentirse violento to be embarrassed, feel out of place.

violeta violet; lilac (color).

violin [m] violin.

violón [m] bass viol. ° tocar el violón to talk through one's hat.

virgen [adj; f] virgin.

virtud [f] virtue, good quality; efficacy, power.

virtuoso virtuous. ▲ [n] virtuoso.

viruela smallpox.

visera eyeshade, visor.

visible [adj] visible.

visillo window curtain.

visión [f] vision Tuvo una visión. He had a vision. ▲ view, opinion Su visión del problema me parece justa. His view of the problem seems correct to me. ▲ sight, peculiar looking person Con aquel traje y aquel sombrero estaba hecha una visión. With that dress and hat she was a sight. ° ver visiones to be seeing things, be deluded.

visita visit ¿Recibió Ud. la visita de mi amigo? Did my friend call on you? ▲ visitor, caller Con tantas visitas no hemos podido hacer nada. There were so many callers we haven't been able to accomplish anything. ° hacer una visita to pay a call. ° pagar la visita to return the call. ° tener visita to have company No puede recibirle, tiene visita. She can't see you, she has company.

visitar to visit, call on ¿Cuándo podré visitarle? When may I call on you? ▲ to visit, to make a professional visit, make a call El doctor está visitando a sus enfermos. The doctor is making his calls. ▲ to inspect El inspector y los arquitectos han salido a visitar las obras. The inspector and the architects have gone to inspect the constructions.

víspera eve, day before Hoy es la víspera de la fiesta. This is the eve of the holiday. ° estar en vísperas de to be on the eve of, be about to Estaba en vísperas de embarcar para Europa. He was about to sail for Europe.

vista eyesight, vision Tiene muy buena vista. He has very good eyesight. ▲ sight ¡No te pongas delante de mi vista! Get out of my sight! ▲ view, vista La vista desde la terraza era preciosa. There was an attractive view from the terrace. ° corto de vista near-sighted Es muy corto de vista. He's very near-sighted. ° de vista by sight, without introduction No me han presentado, lo conozco sólo de de vista. I haven't been introduced to him; I know him only by sight. ° echar la vista encima to lay eyes on (upon). ° en vista de in view of En vista de esto, yo no puedo comer con Ud. hoy. In view of this, I cannot eat with you today. ° hacer la vista gorda to wink (at), to overlook. ° tener la vista cansada to have tired eyes; to be far-sighted. ° tener vistas a to face La casa tiene vistas a la calle. The house faces the street. ° vista cansada far-sightedness. || ¡Hasta la vista! So long!

visto (see ver) seen. ° estar mal visto to be improper, be disapproved, be bad form No haga Ud. eso, equí está mal visto. Don't do that; it's considered bad form here. ° estar visto to be evident, obvious, clear Está visto que Juan no viene. It's evident that John isn't coming. ° no estar bien visto to be improper, frowned upon Eso no está muy bien visto. That isn't done. ° por lo visto apparently Por lo visto no se acordó de que tenía que venir. Apparently he forgot that he was supposed to come. ° visto bueno (abbr V.B.) approved, O.K. ▲ approval, O.K. Tiene que llevar el visto bueno del jefe. He has to have the chief's O.K.

vistoso showy, loUd. vital vital, essential.

vitrina show window [Am]; show case [Sp].

viuda widow.

viudo widower.

víveres [m pl] provisions.

viveza quickness, liveliness Tiene mucha viveza de ingenio. He has a quick mind. ▲ vehemence, spirit Al oírlo contestó con viveza. When she heard it she replied with spirit.

vivienda dwelling, house.

vivir to live, exist No sé si vive o ha muerto. I don't know whether he's living or dead. ▲ to live, to dwell Yo vivo en América. I live in America. ° vivir de to live on Vivía de sus rentas. He lived on his investments. || ¿Quién vive? Who's there [Mil] || ¡Viva! Hurray! || ¡Viva la República! Long live the Republic!

vivo alive Por fortuna estoy vivo. Fortunately I'm alive. ▲ vivid Los colores eran muy vivos. The colors were very vivid. ▲ intense La luz a esa altura es muy viva. The light at that altitude is very intense. ▲ acute, quick, keen Tiene una inteligencia muy viva. He has a very keen mind. ▲ [m] edging, piping Llevaba un traje con vivos verdes. She was wearing a suit with green piping. ▲ wise guy No me gusta porque es un vivo. I don't like him because he's a wise guy. ° a lo vivo vividly Se lo pintó a lo vivo. He described it to her vividly. ° de viva voz by word of mouth Lo aprendió de viva voz. He learned it by word of mouth. ° en carne viva raw, open (wound) Tenía la rodilla en came viva. His knee was raw. ° tocar en lo vivo to cut to the quick.

vocabulario vocabulary.

vocación [f] vocation (activity or profession for which one feels an inner calling) Soy médico pero mi verdadera vocación era la pintura. I'm a doctor, but I've always wanted to be a painter.

volado See volar. ° hacer un volado to do something pressing or urgent [Am] Tengo que hacer un volado. I have something urgent to do. ° volado de genio quick-tempered [Am].

volante [m] steering wheel (of vehicle); flywheel. ° tomar el volante to take the wheel.

volar [rad-ch I] to fly El avión vuela alto. The plane's flying high. ▲ to vanish, disappear Mi dinero voló. My money vanished. ▲ to blow up Volaron los puentes con dinamita. They blew up the bridges with dynamite. ° volando quickly, on the run, as fast as possible Fué volando. He went on the run.

volcán [m] volcano.

volcar [rad-ch I] to overturn, turn over El automóvil volcó al entrar en el puente. The car turned over when it entered the bridge.

voltear to turn (over), whirl Volteaba en el trapecio. He was whirling on the trapeze. ° voltearse to change party or creed Se volteó a otro partido. He changed sides.

volumen [m] bulk, volume; volume (book).

voluntad [f] will Tiene una voluntad de hierro. He has a will of iron. ° buena voluntad kindliness, good will.

voluntario voluntary. ▲ [m] volunteer.

voluptuoso voluptuous.

volver [irr] to turn (over) Volvía las páginas del libro rápidamente. He was turning the pages of the book quickly. ▲ to turn Este camino vuelve a la derecha. This road turns to the right. ▲ to return, go back Volvió a su casa por el mismo camino. He went back home by the same route. ▲ to return, to pay back, to give or send back Vuelva Ud. favor por favor. Return favor for favor. ° volver a to ... again No ha vuelto a escribirme. He hasn't written me again. ° volver del revés to turn upside down; to turn inside out. ° volver en sí to recover consciousness, come to. ° volver la cabeza to turn one's head Al oír su nombre volvió la cabeza. She turned her head when she heard her name. ° volver loco to drive crazy, irritate Me vas a volver loco. You're driving me crazy. ° volverse to turn Se le ha vuelto el pelo muy blanco. His hair has turned snow-white. ▲ to turn over ¡Haga el favor de volverse del lado contrario! Please turn over on the other side. ° volverse atrás to flinch. ▲ to back out Dijo que vendría, pero se ha vuelto atrás. He said he would come, but he has backed out. ° volverse loco to become crazy, become insane Se ha vuelto loco. He's gone crazy.

vomitar to vomit.

vómito vomiting, vomit.

voraz ravenous Tenía hambre voraz. He was ravenously hungry. ▲ fierce Un voraz incendio arrasó el edificio. ▲ fierce fire demolished the building.

vos you [Fam; Am].

votación [f] voting, balloting.

voto vote, ballot; vow. ° hacer voto to make a vow.

voz [f] voice. ° a media voz softly Estaban hablando a media voz. They were talking softly. ° a voces (by) shouting A voces no consigue Ud. nada. You won't get anything by shouting. ° correr la voz to be rumored Corre la voz de que ha desaparecido. It's rumored that he has disappeared. ° dar voces to shout, yell ¡No des esas voces! Don't shout like that! ° en voz alta aloud. ° en voz baja very softly No hable Ud. en voz tan baja, no le oigo. Don't speak so softly, I can't hear you. ° secreto a voces open secret. ° voz de mando command A la voz de mando se pusieron en marcha. At the command they began to march.

vuelco tumble, overturning.

vuelo flight, trip De un solo vuelo el avión atravesó el mar. The airplane made a non-stop flight across the ocean. ▲ width, fullness Las faldas ahora tienen poco vuelo. Skirts are narrow this season.

al vuelo right away, quickly; in flight, on the wing.

vuelta turn, revolution. ▲ curve ¡Cuidado con esa vuelta! Watch out for that curve! ▲ change ¿Tiene Ud. vuelta de este billete? Do you have change for this bill? ° a la vuelta upon returning A la vuelta de mi viaje nos veremos. We'll see each other when I get back from my trip. ° a la vuelta de around La casa está a la vuelta de la esquina. The house is around the corner. ° dar la vuelta a to turn Hay que dar dos vueltas a la llave. You have to turn the key twice. ▲ to go around Dimos la vuelta a la casa. We walked around the house. ° darse vuelta to turn around; go to and fro Haga Ud. el favor de darse vuelta. Please turn around. ° dar una vuelta to take a stroll, turn Vamos a dar una vuelta por el parque. Let's take a turn through the park. ▲ to turn over El automóvil dio una vuelta. The car turned over. ° dar vueltas to turn La tierra da vueltas sobre su eje. The earth turns on its axis. ▲ to hang around Anda dando vueltas por ahí sin hacer nada. He's hanging around here not doing anything. ° dar vueltas a to turn, turn around and around Déle vueltas a la manivela. Turn the handle. ° poner de vuelta y media to give a bawling out. || No hay que darle vueltas. There are no two ways about it.

vuelto change (money) [Am] Cuente Ud. el vuelto. Count your change.

vulgar vulgar, coarse; common.

Y

y and. ° ¿y bien? all right Y bien, ¿cuándo nos vamos? All right, when do we go? ° eso que and yet, even though Ud. no ha barrido mi cuarto, y eso que le dije que no dejara de hacerlo. You haven't swept my room, even though I told you not to fail to do so. ° ¿y luego? and then Y luego, ¿qué pasó? And then what happened? ° ¿y qué? is it true that [Am] ¿Y qué se fué para Europa? Is it true that he went to Europe?

ya already Ya sabe Ud. lo que yo quiero. You already know what I want. ▲ now Y a es tarde. It's too late now. ▲ at once, right now [Am] Hágalo ya. Do it right now. ° ya lo creo of course ¿Quiere Ud. venir? ¡Ya lo creo! Do you want to come? Of course! ° ya no no longer Ya no tengo ganas. I no longer feel like it. ° ya pronto presently, any minute now Ya pronto llegará el tren. The train will be here any minute now. ° ya que since Ya que me preguntas, te contestaré. Since you ask me, I'll tell you. ° ya voy I'm coming! ¡Ya voy! espere un minuto. I'm coming! Wait a minute! || ¡Ya, ya! Sure!

yanqui Yankee, any citizen of the U.S.A.

yapa something extra, good measure [Am] Me dieron esto de yapa. They gave me this for good measure.

yegua mare.

yema bud, shoot; yolk; cushion of fingertip.

yerba herb; grass.

yerno son-in-law.

yerro error, mistake.

yeso plaster.

yeta bad luck, misfortune [Arg].

yo I Soy yo. It's me. or It's I. ° yo mismo I myself Yo mismo se lo dije. I told you so myself.

yodo iodine.

yugo yoke (for animals).

yunta team of draft animals.

Z

zacate [m] grass; hay [Am].

zafarse to slip off, come off [Am] Se zafó la rueda. The wheel came off. ▲ to dislocate [Am] Se ha zafado un brazo. He dislocated his arm. ▲ to get out of, avoid No sé como zafarme de ese compromiso. I don't know how to get out of that engagement.

zafio coarse, vulgar.

zaguán [m] entrance, hall, vestibule.

zambo [adj; n] half-breed (Negro and Indian).

zambullida dive, plunge.

zambullir to plunge. ° zambullirse to dive.

zanahoria carrot.

zancudo long-legged. ▲ [m] mosquito [Am].

zangolotear to shake violently [Am].

zanja ditch, trench.

zapatería shoemaker's shop, shoe store.

zapatero shoemaker.

zapatilla slipper.

zapato shoe.

zarco blue-eyed.

zarpar to weigh anchor; to sail, start moving (of a boat).

zarza bramble.

zarzuela musical comedy.

zona district, zone.

zonzo dull, stupid, silly [Am].

zoológico zoological.

zoquete [m] piece of stale bread; chuck, block; blockhead.

zorro fox.

zozobra worry.

zozobrar to capsize, founder, sink.

zumbar to buzz.

zumbido buzz, buzzing.

zumo juice (of fruit); juice (of fruit skin) [Am].

zurcir to darn, mend.

zurdo left-handed.

zurrar to whip, flog.