Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla/A

by Patrick Stephen Dinneen

FOCLÓIR GAEḊILGE AGUS BÉARLA

A (Ailm), the first letter of the Modern Irish Alphabet.

A, interj., prefixed to voc. case, often slurred over in pronunciation; sometimes its place is supplied by an apostrophe, sometimes it is simply omitted.

A, weakened form of the prep. and verbal prefix do (or de), as a ḋíṫ orm=do (de) ḋíṫ orm, wanting to me; dul a bhaile=dul do'n (or do) ḃaile, going home; a ċlog=do (de) ċlog or don (den) ċlog, of the clock, o'clock; síol a ċur=síol do ċur, to sow seed.

A, sometimes separated from verbs of which it is etymologically a part, as a tá=atá, a deir=adeir.

A, particle used before numerals when they do not qualify nouns, as a haon, one, the number one; a cúig, five.

A, colloquially prefixed as a kind of helping particle to some words and phrases, as a ċoiḋċe for ċoiḋċe, a siaṁ for siaṁ, a ḃeiṫ for ḃeiṫ (as well as for do ḃeiṫ); a lán, a great many; a ḃeag nó a ṁór, little or much.

A, prep, (a variety and development of prep. i, and used in preference to i in all modern MSS. At present i is more in favour in printed Irish, though a represents the sound more closely. In the earlier MSS. a is used instead of i before consonants followed by broad vowels), in, into. See i.

A, prep., out of; no change in consonants, prefixes h to vowels, becomes as before article, rel. prn. and poss. adj. Cpds. asam, out of me; asat, asad,—thee; as,—him, it; aisti,—her, it; asainn,—us; asaiḃ,—you; asta,—them. Instead of a, as is now in common use as simple prep. See as, prep.

A, relative particle, aspirating, arising from the weakening of verbal prefixes, and only recently introduced into literature, as ’nuair a ṫáinig a.=’nuair ṫáinig a., when a. came. The rel. prn. in nom. or acc. case does not require any equivalent in Irish, but this particle is often used where the rel. would occur.

A, rel, prn., eclipses, but becomes ar before past tenses, aspirating in active, and causing no change in consonants but prefixing h to vowels in passive voice. (1) all who, all which, all whom, all that; (2) after prep., whom, which.

A, poss. a. (1) her, its (f.) prefixes h- to vowels; (2) his, its (m.), aspirates; (3) their, eclipses, prefixes n- to vowel.

A, weakened colloquial form of art and interrog. part. an between consonants; and of prep. ag before consonants of verbal noun used participially; also of d'a or ag a in such phrases as an fear a (go) ḃfuair a ṁac bás, the man whose son died.

A! interj., ah! oh! an exclamation of surprise or disgust. A! mo ṫruaṫ ṫú, oh! I pity you.

Ab, dep. form of verb is, joined to preceding particle; mumab, gurab, nárab. In opt. often shortened to a before consonants, as gura seaċt ḃfeárr do ḃeimíd i mbáraċ, may we be seven times better to-morrow.

Aḃa, g. aḃann, d. aḃainn, npl. aiḃne, gpl. aḃann (somet. n. aḃainn, g. aḃainne or aiḃne), f., a river, a stream.

Abaċ, -aiġ, m., the entrails of any beast (=ionaṫar).

Aḃaċ, -aiġ, pl. id., m., a dwarf, a pigmy, a sprite, an elf.

Aḃaċ, -aiġ, pl. id., m., a ferret, a little terrier, a sort of cur used for baiting ferrets in their dens. (P. O'C.)

Aḃaḋ, m., a trepanning or ensnaring; a kind of purse-net used in fishing. (Ker.)

Aḃaile, ad., home, towards home, homewards.

Aḃaill, indec. f., an orchard (Don.).

Aḃainn, see aḃa.

Abair, imper., of adeirim, which see.

Abairt, -barṫa, f., speech, articulation; politeness; a sentence.

Abaiḋ (also aibiḋ), -ḋe, a., ripe, mature; quick-witted (of persons).

Abaiḋeaċt, -a, f., ripeness, maturity.

Abaiġim, vl. aibiuġaḋ; v. tr., I cause to ripen, bring to maturity, cause; is é d'abaiġ mo ḋéara, it is it that caused my tears; is é d'abaiġ créim agus cnead im ṫaoḃ, it is it that caused a gnawing and a pain in my side; v. int., I ripen, come to maturity; d'abaiġ an raḋarc aige, his eye-sight came to maturity, his vision returned to him.

Aḃall, see uḃall.

Aḃall-ġort, see uḃall-ġort.

Ábalta, a., able (with ar) (A.). We do not say (except in Don.) fear ábalta, an able man, but tá sé ábalta ar é ḋéanaṁ, he is able to do it.

Ábaltaċt, -a, f., ability (A.) (rare).

Aḃantur, -uir, m., success; an adventure.

Abar, -air, m. (obar). a marsh; clay or peat used for manure; met., a difficulty; abar na gcapall, the puddle of the horses (Der.); duine d'ḟágáil 'san abar, to leave a person in a fix; tá mé i n-abar (obar), I am in a bog, in a difficulty.

Aḃas, -ais, m., a mercenary soldier; a fierce, violent man. See aṁas.

Aḃastar, see aṁastar.

Aḃastraċ, see aṁastraċ.

Abb, -baḋ, -baḋa, m., an abbot.

Abb-ṁáṫair, -ṫar, -áiṫreaċa and -áiṫre, f., the Mother-Abbess.

Aḃcóid, -e (aḋḃcóid) f., ironical joking, scolding; pleading a case.

Aḃcóide (aḋḃcóide), g. id.; pl., -diḋe, m., an advocate, a pleader; aḃcóideaċ, id.

Aḃcóidiḋeaċt (aḋḃcóideacht), -a, f., disputation, pleading, scolding.

Abḋaine, gen. id., f., an abbotship.

Aḃfogas (i ḃfogas), close by, near to; a ḃfogus dam, near me. See fogas.

Ablaċ, -aiġ pl. -aiġe and ablaċa, m., a carcass, a corpse, carrion.

Aḃlann, -ainne, -anna, f., a wafer, altar-bread; aḃlann coisriġṫe, the Consecrated Host.

Aḃóg, -óige, -óga, f., a sudden jump or bounce. See aḋḃóg.

Aḃóg, -óige, -óga, f., a falsehood (Don.).

Aḃlóir, -óra, -óiriḋe, m., one who is continually grumbling; a buffoon; a fool who affects being a wise man.

Aḃra, -aḋ, -aiḋe, f., an eye-lid. See faḃra.

Abra, -aḋ, -aiḋe, f., a poem, a saying.

Aḃraiseaċ, -siġe, -seaċa, f., a carder or spinner of wool; mná aḃraisiġe, women carders or spinners (also aṁraiseaċ).

Aḃraiseaċ, -siġe, a., given to wool-carding or spinning; mná aḃraiseaċa, women carders or spinners (also aṁraiseaċ.)

Abrán, -áin, m., April. See Aibreán.

Aḃrán, m., song. Technically, a poem in modern vowel assonance, as distinct from dán, a poem in the old syllabic metres. See aṁrán.

Aḃránaċt, -a, f., song, songmaking. See aṁrántaċt, aṁránaiḋeaċt.

Aḃras, -ais, pl. id., m., a ready answer.

Aḃras, -ais, pl. id., m., a yarn, the product of the hand; mná aḃrais, women spinners or carders.

Aḃsán, -áin, m., trench, a hollow.

Absolóid, -e, f., absolution, forgiveness (also aspolóid).

Abstal, -ail, pl. id., m., an apostle (also apstal, aspal).

Abstalda, a., apostolic.

Abú, interj., to victory! perh. abbrev. for go buaiḋ. Used in battle-cries, as Crom abú! Láṁ Ḋearg abú!

Aḃus (i ḃfus), on this side, in this life, this world, as opposed to the next. (Opposed to ṫall.)

Aċ! interj., a deprecatory exclamation, no! aċ níl, ah, no! aċ aiḋe! exclamation of wonder.

Aċ, the general pron. of the prep. and conj. aċt, and sometimes the written form of the same. See aċt.

Aca, prep. pr. 3 pl., at them, etc. See ag, prep.

Aċaḋ, -aiḋ, m., a field, land, a plain: Ireland is called Aċaḋ Airt, etc.

Acaire, g. id., pl. -iḋe, m., a handy implement (Don.). See acar and acra.

Acairim, -aradh, v. tr., I moor, I anchor.

Acais, -e, -iḋe, and -eaċa, f., a slur, a curse, poison.

Acaiseaċ, -siġe, a., venomous, rancorous, malicious (also aiciseaċ).

Acaistear. See acastóir.

Acaointeaċ, -tiġe a., querulous, complaining. See éagcaointeaċ.

Acar, -air, m., a tool, an instrument, etc.; profit, loan or use of a thing. See acra.

Aċar, -air, m., an extent of space, or time, distance, space, room; a journey.

Acar-ṗoll, m., a place for mooring, a road for ships. (Ker.)

Acarsuiḋe, m., a port, a harbour. (Ker.)

Acaruiġṫe, moored, anchored. (Ker). (p. a., as from v. acaruiġim).

Aċasán (asaċán). See asṁuċán.

Acastóir, -óra, -óiriḋe, m., an axle.

Acfuinn, -e, pl. id., f., capability, faculty, means, wealth, abundance, vigour, power, endurance (of heat, etc.); (also eacṁaing, acṁuinn).

Acfuinneaċ, -niġe, a., capable, energetic, wealthy, able, powerful; bád acfuinneaċ, a seaworthy boat.

Acfuinneaċ, -iġ, -iġe, m., a person of large means.

Acfuinneaċt, -a, f., ability, capacity, power.

Aċlaḋ, -luiġṫe, m., act of fishing. (Ker.)

Aclaiḋe, a., soft, smooth, free in motion; generous.

wikt:Aclaiḋe, g. id., softness, gentleness, smoothness.

Aċlaiḋeaċt, -a, f., act of fishing.

Aclaiḋeaċt, -a, f., mildness, gentleness.

Acṁuinn. See acfuinn.

Aċṁusán, g., -áin, pl. id., m., reproach, reproof, a nickname, a bitter taunt; aċṁusán do ċasaḋ liom, to taunt me with something mean (pron. in M., asṁuċán and asaċán).

Aċṁusánaċ, -aiġe, a., censorious, abusive, reproachful.

Aċṁusánaim, -aḋ, v. tr., I abuse, censure, rebuke.

Aċṁusánuiḋe, g. id., m., a censor.

Aco. See aca.

Acra, g. id., pl. -iḋe, m., an acre.

Acra, g. id., m., use, service, a tool or useful instrument, the use or loan of a thing, profit; also civility, an obligation received or conferred; ball acra, a useful implement (M.).

Acraċ, -aiġe, a., convenient, useful, obliging, civil; also acaraċ.

Acraċ, hungry. See ocraċ.

Aċrann, g., -ainn (pron. aċarann) entanglement, contention, strife, a knot, an encumbrance, hence furniture, baggage; i n-a., at cross purposes; i n-a. i n-a ċéile, at strife with one another; i n-a. ’sna bliaḋantaiḃ, advanced in years (also written eaċrann, which see).

Aċrannaċ, -aiġe, a., knotty, entangled, quarrelsome. See eaċrannaċ.

Aċrannaim, -aḋ, v. tr., I entangle.

Acsaḋs, indec. m., excise.

Aċt, conj., but; prep., but, except, with accus.; before go or verbal noun locution, provided that; aċt muna, unless; aċt aṁáin, except, save only; aċt gan, provided that not; gan aċt, with only, having only; in archaic usage, aċt ċeana, however; aċt gé, even though (comp. with áṁ, áṁaċ); generally or exclusively pron. aċ.

Aċt, -a, pl. aċtanna, m., a law, an act, a contract or convention; a term or condition; ar na haċtaiḃ sin, on these terms or conditions; ar aċt, striving to (U.)

Aċtaċ, -aiġe, a., pertaining to law, deeds, etc.

Aċtaim, -aḋ, v. tr., I enact, I impose a condition, I make terms.

Aċtbeag (aċt beag), conj., almost, but, except.

Aċtċeana (aċt ċeana), conj., however.

Action (aicsion), g. id., m., action, a great feat (A.); ċum action do ḋéanaṁ, to do a great deed.

Aċtra, see eaċtra.

Aċtrann, aċtrannaċ. See eaċtrann, eaċtrannaċ.

Aċtuġaḋ, -uiġṫe, m., act of ordaining, decreeing (also aċtaḋ).

Aċtuiġim, -uġaḋ, v. tr., I enact, decree, ordain.

Ad = id, in thy; before verbal nouns = dod or agad (ag do), as ad ṁolaḋ = dod ṁolaḋ or agad ṁolaḋ (ag do ṁolaḋ), praising thee.

Ad, Mid. Ir. conjunctive prefix, sometimes used for do as an integral prefix of certain verbs, as ad-ḃeirim for do-ḃeirim, ad-ċluinim for do-ċluinim, ad-ċí for do-ċí.

Áḋ, áġ; g., áiḋ, áḋa, or áiġ, áġa, m., luck, fate; gs., áiḋ, áiġ, often as a, as gráin áiġ, a fateful hate.

Aḋ-, aiḋ-, an intensitive prefix, as aḋuaṫṁar, very terrible; aḋṁolaim, I extol; aiḋṁillim, I destroy utterly.

Aḋaircín, g. id., pl. -iḋe, m., a little horn or point; a lapwing.

Aḋal, -ail, pl. id., m., a fleshhook.

Aḋall, -aill, m., sin, corruption, adultery, concupiscence; heat in some animals, especially dogs; cf., tá an gaḋar fá aḋall.

Aḋaltán, -áin, pl. id., m., a deaf person; a dolt.

Aḋaltraiḋeaċt, -a, f., adultery.

Aḋaltrannaċ, -aiġ, -aiġe, m., an adulterer.

Aḋaltrannas, -ais, m., adultery.

Aḋaltruiḋe, g. id., pl. -ḋṫe, m., an adulterer.

Áḋaṁ, g. Áḋaiṁ, Áḋṁa, Adam; often Ádam, -aim.

Adamant, -aint, m., adamant.

Áḋaṁail, -ṁla, a., fortunate lucky (also áġaṁail).

Adṁaim, vl. adṁáil, v. tr., I confess, I admit. See adṁuiġim.

Aḋann, -ainn, pl. id., m., an oven, a pan. See oiġeann.

Aḋann, -ainn, pl. id., m., a rush-light; the plant called colt's foot.

Aḋanta, p. a., kindled, lighted up.

Aḋantaċ, -aiġe, a., inflammable, apt to kindle.

Aḋantaċt, -a, f., aptness to kindle or light.

Aḋar lusa, m., ground ivy (also aḋar talṁan).

Aḋarc, -airce, pl. -airceanna and -airceaċa, f., a horn, a point, a peak; aḋarc fiaḋaiġ, a hunter's horn.

Aḋarcaċ, -aiġe, a., horny, having points or peaks; gabled.

Aḋarcaċán, -áin, pl. id., m., a cuckold; one having many corns on the foot-soles.

Aḋarcaṁail, -ṁla, a., horny, abounding in points or horns.

Aḋarcán, -áin, pl. id. m., a small horn, a point, a small pinnacle.

Aḋarc ċeoiġ, f., a fog-horn.

Aḋarcóg, -óige, -óga, f., a cornicle.

Aḋart, -airt, pl. id., m., a bolster or pillow; the edge of the sea at high water.

Áḋas, -ais, m., prosperity (also áġas).

Aḋastar, -air, pl. id., m., a halter.

Aḋḃa, -aḋ, pl. aḋḃa and aḋḃaḋa, f., an instrument (of music, etc.); a tort, a house; i n-aḋḃaḋaiḃ ceoil aṁáin, in instruments of music alone (Kea).

Aḋḃacóideaċ, -diġ, -diġe, m., an advocate, a pleader, a disputant. See aḃcóide.

Áḋḃaċt, -a, f., mirth, pleasure, pastime; tré áḋḃaċt, in irony; ag aiteal ’s ag áḋḃaċt, playing pranks and jokes; jibing, joking, merriment.

Áḋḃal, -aile, a., great, immense, vast.

Ádhbhalmhór, -óire, a., prodigious, vast, enormous.

Áḋḃaċtaċ, -aiġe (áḃaċtaċ), a., jocose, merry.

Aḋḃaileaċ, -liġe, a., meddlesome; is an-aḋḃaileaċ an páiste ṫú, you are a meddlesome child; ná bí ċóṁ haḋḃaileaċ soin, do not meddle so (Con.).

Aḋḃailiḋe, g. id., f., meddling (as a child); ḃí an aḋḃailiḋe ann riaṁ, he was ever troublesome; má ḃíonn tú ag aḋḃailiḋe leis an túirne sin tuitfiḋ sé agus brisfear é, if you meddle with that spinning-wheel it will fall and be broken (Con.).

Áḋḃar, -air, pl. id., m., cause, reason; matter, stuff, material; subject matter to be shaped into form. áḋḃar bróg, the materials for making shoes; áḋḃar sagairt, a person disposed for and preparing for the priesthood; áḋḃar saoir, an apprentice to a mason, etc.; number, quantity; tá áḋḃar maiṫ aca ann, there is a good many of them (M.); means, wealth, providence; tá mo ċúrsa gan áḋḃar, my career is improvident. áḋḃar in the sense “stuff,” etc., is pron. (in M. at least) aḋḃar, but in sense “number, quantity” it is pron. áḋḃar; perhaps they are different words.

Áḋḃraiḋeaċt, -a, f., the quality in a youth which indicates what he is to be in mature age. (P. O'C.)

Aḋḃóg, -óige, -óga, f., a long running jump; (in athletics) the long leap.

Aḋḃras, -ais, m., a piece of woollen cloth manufactured from the raw material; yarn; cf., ní do’n aḋḃras an ċéad ṡnáiṫe; ag iarraiḋ aḋḃrais ar ṗocán. See aḃras.

Aḋḃrasóir, -óra, -óiriḋe, m., a carder of wool. See aḃras.

Adċím, I see. See do-ċím.

Adċonnarc, see ad-ċím and do-ċím.

Adeirim, v. tr., irreg. (see paradigms), I say, utter, tell; with acc. of object and le with dat. of person addressed; adeirim an méid seo leat, I tell this much to you; also, with dep. clause with go, naċ, or ná; adeirim go ḃfuil, a. ná fuil or naċ ḃfuil; also with infinitive (rare).

Aḋḟuar, -aire, a., very cold.

Aḋḟuaṫ, -a, m., detestation, abomination.

Aḋḟuaṫṁar, -aire, a., horrible, detestable. See aḋuaṫṁar.

Aḋḟuaṫṁaraċt, -a, f., an abomination.

Aḋlacaḋ, -aicṫe, m., burial; digging, delving; aḋlacán, -áin, id. See aḋnacaḋ.

Aḋlacaḋ, vl. aḋlacaḋ and aḋlacan, v. tr., I inter; I dig, delve. See aḋnacaim.

Aḋlacánaċ, -aiġ, -aiġe, m., a grave-digger, an undertaker.

Aḋmad, -aid, m., timber, wood; fig. matter, stuff, like áḋḃar; aḋmad ceangailte dá ċéile, a raft. (áḋmad in Con. and U.)

Adṁáil, -ála, f., act of confessing, admitting; acknowledgment, confession; receipt for payment; leaḃar adṁála, a receipt book. See adṁuiġim.

Áḋṁaraċ, -aiġe, a., lucky, fortunate.

Áḋṁaraiġe, g. id., f., chance, luck, fortune; ar áḋṁaraiġe an doṁain (nó an tsaoġail), by the luckiest chance imaginable.

Aḋṁolaḋ, -lta, m., act of praising; laudation.

Aḋṁolaim, -aḋ, v. tr., I praise highly, extol.

Adṁuiġim, v.n. adṁáil, v. tr., I confess, admit, acknowledge.

Aḋnacaḋ, -naicṫe, m., act of burial; sepulchre. See aḋlacaḋ.

Aḋnacáil, -ála, f., act of burial; sepulture.

Aḋnaclaċ, -aiġ, -aiġe, m., a grave-digger.

Aḋnacaim, -acaḋ, v. tr., I bury; I dig, delve.

Aḋnaḋ, g. aḋanta, m., act of kindling, inflaming.

Aḋnaim, -aḋ, v. tr., I enkindle, inflame.

Aḋnáire, g. id., f., deep shame; confusion; villainy.

Aḋraḋ, aḋarṫa, m., adoration, worship, reverence; déiṫe aḋarṫa, gods of worship (Kea.).

Aḋraiġṫeoir, -ora, -oiriḋe, m., an adorer, a worshipper.

Aḋraim, -raḋ, v. tr., I adore, venerate, reverence.

Aḋraṫóir, -óra, -óiriḋe, m., an adorer, a worshipper.

Adtuaiḋ (a dtuaiḋ), from the north; gaoṫ adt., north wind. See ṫuaiḋ.

Aduaḋain, -e, a., strange; naċ aduaḋain an scéal é! what a strange story! (Con.)

Aḋuaġṁar, -aire, a., very awful, terrific. See aḋḟuaṫṁar.

Aduantas, -ais, m., loneliness; the loneliness of the mountain; ḃí uaigneas ⁊ aduantas air = he was very lonely (Con.).

Aduḃairt, pf. tense of adeirim. See adeirim.

Aduġaḋ, -uiġṫe, m., act of kindling, inflaming; that with which a fire is kindled, as flint, a match, a spark, etc.; a. na teineaḋ, what kindles a fire. See faduġaḋ.

Aduiġim, -uġaḋ, v. tr., I kindle, light up (as a fire). See faduiġim.

Ae, g. id., pl. aeḋanna, m. and f., the liver; fig., the heart.

Aeḋaraċ, -aiġe, a., airy, weird, haunted; pleasant, fond of pleasure. Also aeraċ.

Aen, one. See aon.

Aer, g. aeir, m., the air; ag imṫeaċt le haer an tsaoġail, wandering aimlessly about, leading a purposeless, improvident life (also written aor, aeḋar, aoḋar.)

Aerḋa, a., aerial, airy; na deaṁain aerḋa, the demons of the air (Kea).

Aerḋaċtaċ, -aiġe, a., airy, buoyant.

Aereog, -oige, -oga, f., an aerial being, a fairy.

Aeriḋeaċt, -a, f., walking for pleasure or health; an entertainment in the open.

Aeraim, vl. aeraḋ, v. tr., I air, ventilate (also aeruiġim.

Ag, prep., [in pronom. combinations, agam, agat, aige (mas.), aice (aici), againn, agaiḃ, aca, somet. a vowel is added before poss. pron., as aige ḃar, and in pl. esp. before words beginning with cons, as tá sé aige (’ge) Seaġán, John has it; with relat. ’ga] at, with, by, of place, at, near (after verbs of rest and the subs. verb); ag an ndoras, at the door; ag an dteiniḋ, at the fire; of a cause, ní ṫuigim focal ag glór na haḃann, I do not hear a word on account of the noise of the river; used partitively, gaċ duine aca, every one of them; used to denote possession, with the subst. verb, tá ciall, airgead, ⁊c., aige, he has sense, money, etc.; after verbs of leaving, retaining, etc., in the same sense, congaiḃ agat féin é, keep it in your own possession; ag seo (’seo) scilling duit, here is a shilling (for you) Seaġán so againn-ne, our John. To denote a habitual mental state towards one (ar) tá gráin agam ort, I hate you. Fuaṫṁar ag Dia, hateful before God; with vls., corresponding to pr. part, in English, ag fás, growing; tá sé ag a (’ga) ṫaċtaḋ (as well as dá ṫaċtaḋ), he is being choked; with vl. to express a while clause, ag bualaḋ aniar dó, while he was coming from the west; denotes the agent of actions going on or finished, tá sé scríoḃṫa agam, I have written it; cad tá agat dá scríoḃaḋ? what are you writing? It denotes purpose, ċuaiḋ sé ag láṁaċ, he went to shoot; mar ḃí aige, as he had, as he was; mar (a) raiḃ aige, “where he had,” where he was; but mar (a) raiḃ sé, where he was; and mar ḃí sé, as he was.

Áġ, g., áiġ and áġa, m., valour, success, battle, triumph, luck, good-luck. See áḋ.

Aga, g. id., m., respite, leisure, interval of time; ní’l aga agam air, I have no leisure to do it.

Aga, agá, compounded of ag, at, etc., and a, poss. prn., his, her, its, their.

Agaiḃ, prep. pr., 2pl., at or with ye, emph., -se. See ag prep.

Aġaiḋ, g. aiġṫe and aġaiḋe, pl. id., f., the face; ar aġaiḋ, opposite, over against, in front of; forward, with g. or poss. prn.; dul ar aġaiḋ, to progress; i n-aġaiḋ, against, before, with g. or poss. prn.; cur i n-aġaiḋ, to oppose, to stake, to remind; dul i n-aġaiḋ, to go against; uḃ i n-aġaiḋ an lae, an egg for each day; le h-aġaiḋ, for, for the purpose of, or use of, with g. or poss. prn.; aġaiḋ do ṫaḃairt ar, to face towards, fix attention on; reward, retribution (with qualifying adj., olc, maiṫ), is maiṫ an aġaiḋ ort é, you well deserve it, etc. (but see oiḋeaḋ); le haġaiḋ, towards, in preparation for, against; le h. an ġeiṁriḋ), in preparation for the winter: ar m’aġaiḋ amaċ, right in front of me, before my eyes; i n-aġaiḋ an tsroṫa do ṫomainn mo léine, I used to plunge my shirt in the flowing stream (C. M.); ċionntuiġeas ’n-ar n-aġaiḋ, (who) offend against us.

Aġaiḋ-fidil, g. and pl., aiġṫe-fidil, m., a mask worn on the face; the word is often used by the English-speaking Irish, and is pronounced high fiddle or eye fiddle.

Againiḋeaċt, -a, f., act of disputing (Con.)

Againn, prep. pr., 1pl., at or with us; emph. -ne. See ag, prep.

Agairt, -arṫa, f., revenge, retribution, arraignment.

Agall. See agallaṁ.

Agallaim, -aṁ, v. tr. and intr., I dispute, hold a dialogue with.

Agallaṁ, -llṁa, d. -aiṁ, f., a discourse, a dialogue, a disputation, act of discoursing, disputing.

Agam, prep. pr., 1s., at or with me, emph. -sa. See ag, prep.

Agard, -aird, m., a haggard, a hay or corn yard (A.).

Agar, -air, m., revenge, retribution (also agradh). See agairt.

Agarṫaċ, -aiġe, a., revengeful, vindictive, litigious.

Ágartaċ, -aiġ, pl. id., m., a spindle-shank. (W. Ker.)

Agarṫóir, -óra, -óiriḋe, m., a pleader. See agraṫóir.

Agat, prep. pr., at thee, to or with thee; emph. agat-sa. See ag, prep.

Aġnas. See aiġneas.

Aġnuiḋe, g. id., pl., -ḋṫe, m., a pleader, an expostulator, a disputant.

Agó, m., doubt, suspicion, error (M.); an obstacle, a saving clause (W. Ker). See gó.

Agóid, -e, -eaċa, f., an objection (Con.).

Agraċ, -aiġ, -aiġe, m., a pleader, a pretender, a claimant; as a., vindictive, revengeful (also agaraċ and agaireaċ).

Agraim, -raḋ, v. tr., with acc. of direct object and ar of person; I retribute, revenge, dispute, challenge; nár agraiḋ Dia ort é sin, may God not give thee retribution for that; agair do ḋíoġaltas air anois, be avenged on him now. See agar.

Agraṫóir, -óra, -óiriḋe, m., a reprover, a claimant, a pleader.

Aguisín (dimin. of agus, and), g. id., pl., -iḋe, m., a small addition; an exaggeration; an appendix to a book.

Agus (often reduced to a’s, as, is, ’s and by the Scotch to ’us), conj. and, but, etc.; often introducing a circumstantial clause, while, seeing that, although, notwithstanding; an aṁlaiḋ a ṁeasfá go n-ólfainn é sin agus mo ḃean marḃ, do you think I would drink that seeing that my wife is lying dead? Tá sé ċugainn agus deaḃaḋ air, he is coming towards us in haste; used in co-relation with ċóṁ, as; as . . . as; codlann capall ċóṁ maiṫ agus codlann fear, a horse sleeps just as a man sleeps (i.e., a horse sleeps no less than a man); after ionann, the same as; after oiread, just as much as: an oiread agus feoirling (with neg.), not as much as a farthing; after aṁlaiḋ, namely, that is; is aṁlaiḋ a ḃí sé agus caipín ar a ċeann, this was his state, namely, he had a cap on his head; fanfad agus fáilte, I will stay with pleasure, certainly I will stay; bliaḋain is (agus) lá i ndiu, this day twelvemonth (past); le súil agus go ḃfeicfeaḋ sé é, in the hope that he may see it; faoi ráḋ agus go, because; mar ndúil agus go, in hopes that.

Áiḃe, interj., ave! hail!

Aibéil, -e, a., quick, sudden; go ha., adv., quickly, suddenly, soon; ráinig sé isteaċ go haibéil ’na ḋiaiḋ sin = immediately after that, he came in.

Aiḃéis, -e, pl. id. and -eaċa, f., the deep sea; an abyss; great boasting.

Aibéis, -e, f., a slovenly person (Aran).

Áiḃéis, -e, f., pleasure, gladness, drollery; tá áiḃéis orm, I am glad or pleased (pron. áiṫḃéis or áiféis in Ker.); stáicín áiḃéis, a laughing-stock (W. Ker.).

Áiḃéiseaċ, -siġe, a., droll, humorous; reckless, indifferent, absurd, extravagant.

Aibġitir, -tre, f., the alphabet.

Aibíd, -e, pl. -e and -eaċa, f., habit, costume, the dress of a religious; behaviour, moral habit.

Aibiḋ, see abaiḋ.

Aiḃle, g. id., pl., -eaċa, f., a flying spark of fire.

Aiḃleog, -oige, -oga, f., a piece of burning fuel, a burning sod of turf; dóiġeaḋ ’na aiḃleoig í, she was burned to a cinder (Don.); a snow-flake.

Aiḃneaċ, -niġe, a., abounding in rivers.

Aibreán, -áin, m., the month of April; pron, abrán in M., aibreán in Con. and U.

Aice, g. id., f., immediate vicinity, proximity; i n-a aice, close by him; i n-aice an ḃaile, near the village; i n-aice liom, i m’aice, beside me; also i n-aice dam, near me (M.); i n-aice le Máiġ, beside the Mague; as aice an tiġe, from the vicinity of the house; i n-aice na gcoillte, beside the woods; capall aice, a horse led by one's side; is forus fuineaḋ i n-aice na mine, it is easy to bake when one has meal at hand.

Aiceaċt (aiṫ-ċeaċt), -a, f., a lesson; guidance. See ceaċt.

Aiceapt, see aiceaċt.

Aici, prep. pr., 3sf. with or at her. See ag, prep.

Aicíd, -e, -eaċa, f., sickness, disease, esp. contagious disease; aicíd ċrioṫannaċta, the ague.

Aicídeaċ, -diġe, a., diseased, unfortunate.

Aicídeaċ, -diġ, -diġe, m., a sick person.

Aicilliḋe, a., skilful, cautious, dexterous.

Aicilliḋeaċt, -a, f., skill, dexterity.

Aicionta, indec. a., natural as opposed to artificial.

Aicis, -e, f., peevishness, bad-mindedness.

Aicifeaċ, -siġe, a., peevish.

Aicme, g. id., pl. -eaċa, f., a sort or kind, a class, a race, a tribe.

Aicne, g., aicionta, f., nature; a race or tribe (a form of aicme).

Aiċnid, see aiṫnid.

Aiḋ-, intensive prefix; very, exceedingly. See aḋ-.

Aiḋḃéil, -e, g. and pl. (also aiḋḃle), a., vast, terrible; as subs., vastness; an increase; beagán aiḋḃéile do ċur leis, to exaggerate a little.

Aiḋḃéileaċ, -liġe, a., very great, wondrous; bragging, boasting.

Aiḋḃéileaċt, -a, f., a boasting, wonder; hugeness, enormity.

Áiḋḃeirseoir, -ora, -oiriḋe, m., an adversary; the devil; a wicked person (used in pl. in this sense); pron. áirseoir.

Áiḋḃeirseoireaċt, -a, f., wickedness, devilry.

Aiḋḃéis, -e, f., the ocean, an abyss. See aiḃéis.

Aiḋḃse, g. id., f., vastness, bulk, size, form, figure, apparition. See taiḋḃse.

Aiḋḃseaċ, -siġe, a., vast, dreadful.

Aiḋḃseaċt, -a, f., vastness, hugeness.

Aiḋear, m., chipping of the skin, due to cold wind, etc. See oiġear.

Aiḋneas. See aiġneas.

Aidreamaċt, -a, f., refusal (Don.).

Aifirim, -rt (aiṫḃirim), v. tr., I blame, reproach, revenge.

Aifreann, -rinn, pl. id., m., the Mass (Lat. offerendum); cf. Welsh offraid.

Aifreannaċ, -aiġ, a., belonging to the Mass; as subs., a Mass-man, a beadsman (P. O'C.).

Aifric (Afraic), -e, f., Africa.

Áiġ, a., valiant, victorious, fateful (prop. g.s. of áġ, valour, fate); cf., Oscar Áiġ, the valorous Oscar.

Aige, a form of ag, very common in Ker., and also in Om. and Don.; tá airgead aige Seaġán, John has money.

Aige, prep. pr., 3 s. m., with or by him, or it. See ag, prep.

Aigeaċ, -giġ, m., a sea-sounder (Ker.).

Aigealaim, -laḋ, v. tr., I vex, torment.

Aigéan, -éine, f., the ocean, the deep, an abyss; duḃ-aigéan na fairrge, the bottomless depths of the sea.

Aigéanaċ, -aiġe, a., deep, full; belonging to the ocean.

Aigéanta, a., oceanic; deep; mountainous (of waves).

Aigeanta, indec. a., intellectual; spirited; thoughtful; pensive; greedy, with gusto (Aran).

Aigeantaċ, -aiġe, a., intellectual; spirited; thoughtful; cheerful, hearty; light, airy; lightheaded, idiotic (Der.). See aigeanta.

Aigeantaċt, -a, f., sagacity, intellectuality, spirit.

Aigne, -geanta, pl. id. (also g. aigniḋ), m., the heart, the mind; intention, desire (nom. also aigneaḋ).

aigneaṁ (aigneaḋ), -niṁ, m., gaiety, liveliness; tá aigneaṁ mór air, he is very lively (Don). See aigne.

Aiġneán, -áin, m., ivy; aiġneán talṁan, ground ivy. (In Ker. pron. with accent on first syllable).

Aiġneas, -nis, m., trouble, contention, argument; conversation (Ker.); ag cur aiġnis air, picking a quarrel with him.; gan aiġneas do ċur ar ṁnaoi an tiġe, not to trouble the of the house; cf., “Aiġneas an ṗeacaiġ leis an mbás”—Title of Poem.

Áil, f. pleasure, desire; in phr. is áil liom é, I wish it, etc.; créad do b’áil leat ann? what did you want there? etc.; Cad dob’áil leat de? what do you want it for?

Ailḃ, -e, -eaċa, f., a flock.

Ailḃín, g. id., pl. -iḋe, m., a small flock; cf., ailḃín caoraċ, a small flock of sheep; see deilḃín and eilḃín.

Ailce, pl., immovable rocks (Ker).

Ailcid, -e, -iḋe, f., a strand-stone used in seine-fishing (Ker).

Ailéar, -éir, m., a loft, garret, a gallery.

Aileis = leis, adv., as well, also (lit., with it).

Áilġeas, -a, m., great pleasure or desire.

Áilġeasaċ, -aiġe, a., full of desire, eager, zealous.

Áilim, v. tr., I pray, beseech.

Ailím, -e, f., alum.

Ailim, I nurse, etc. See oilim.

Aill, -e, pl. id., and ailltreaċa (Aran), f., a cliff, a rock; cf., an Áill, the "Naul" Co. Dublin (also faill, f., bárr na faille, the top of the cliff).

Aill-ḃruaċaċ, -aiġe, a., having steep or rocky brinks.

Áille, g. id., f., beauty (also áilne).

Áilleaċt, -a, f., beauty, loveliness (also áilneaċt).

Ailleadóir, -óra, -óiriḋe, m., a cliff-climber.

Áilleagán, -áin, pl. id., m., a toy, gewgaw, frippery; áilleagán inntreaċ, a merry-go-round (somet. áilleaċán).

Áilleagánaċt, -a, f., idling, lolling about (Mayo).

Áilleán, -áin, pl. id., m., darling, a doll, a plaything.

Áilleog, -oige, -oga, f., a swallow (so pron. in Omeath) (also áinleog and fáinleog).

Áilliġim, -iuġaḋ, v. tr., I beautify, adorn.

Aillilliú! aililiú! interj., good gracious! strange! wonderful!

Aillis, -llse, -seaċa, f., a cancer, gangrene, an abscess, a spreading sore; braon aillse, a drop observed to fall upon the tombs of certain tyrants, so called from its cankerous corroding what it falls upon (O'Br.); mo ḃraon aillse, my corroding drop (in the sense of a powerful means of destroying tyrants) (Fer.).

Aillse, g. id., pl. -aċa, f., a fairy, any diminutive creature, a chafer, worm: cf., “ní luġa orm aillseaċa ciaróg ná ṫú.”

Aillseaċ, -siġe, a., negligent, listless.

Aillsiġim, -iuġaḋ, v. tr., I neglect.

Ailm, -e, f., the palm tree; also the fir tree; somet. the elm tree; the name of the letter “a”; Doṁnaċ na hAilme, Palm Sunday (also failm, pailm, palm, etc.).

Ailmeog, -oige, -oga, f., the elm or fir; dimin. of ailm.

Áilne, g. id., f., beauty; also comp. of álainn. See áille.

Áilneaċt. See áilleaċt.

Ailp, -e, pl. alpa, ailpeaċa, f., a protuberance, a huge lump, a high mountain; a stout person; a bite, a mouthful; a bite of a vicious dog or horse.

Ailpín, g. id., pl. -iḋe a knob, a stout-headed stick; cleath ailpín, a stout-headed stick.

Ailteoir, -ora, -oiriḋe, m., one who plays pranks, an "arch" fellow, a frivolous person.

aiṁ- (aṁ-), neg. pref., un-, in-, dis-, not.

Aiṁċeart, -ċirte, a., unjust, wrong.

Aiṁḋeoin, f., unwillingness; dá a., in spite of him; i n-a. na taoide, in spite of the tide; aiṁḋeoin is often used as conj. (= giḋ) in Don.

Aiṁḋeonaċ, -aiġe, a., unwilling, reluctant.

Aiṁḟeoil, -ola, f., raw meat, proud or inflamed flesh.

Aimid, -e, -iḋe, f., a foolish woman. See amaid.

Aimiléis, -e, f., misfortune; tuitim i gcorraċ na haimiléise, to fall into the paths of misfortune.

Aiṁireas. See aṁras.

Aiṁleas, -a, m., disadvantage, loss; an unhappy or evil course of life (opposed to leas); tá sé ag dul ar a a., he is leading a foolish or vicious life; déanfaiḋ sé a aiṁleas, he will work mischief for himself.

Aiṁleasaċ, -aiġe, a., foolish, imprudent.

Aiṁleasc, -leisce, a., lazy, slothful, indolent.

Aiṁleisce, g. id., f., laziness, slothfulness, sluggishness.

Aiṁleisceaċt, -a, f., laziness, sloth, sluggishness.

Aiṁleisceaṁail, -ṁla, a., indolent, reluctant, slothful, lazy.

Aiṁneart, -nirt, m., weakness.

Aiṁneartṁar, -aire, a., infirm, weak.

Aiṁreas, -ris, m., error, mistake, doubt. See aṁras.

Aiṁréiḋ, -e, a., disordered, disquieted, entangled, disturbed; seasaṁ aiṁréiḋ ar tuaiġ, standing in a troubled way on a hatchet (O'D.).

Aiṁréiḋe, g. id., f., unevenness (of road, etc.), entanglement (of cord, thread, etc.); the defiles or fastnesses of a place; dlúṫ-aiṁréiḋe na coille, the fastnesses of the wood; atá an snáiṫe i n-aiṁréiḋe, the thread is entangled; an ceann ag dul i n-aiṁréiḋe, the memory failing.

Aiṁreo, indec. f. (Mayo) = aiṁréiḋe, entanglement.

Aiṁriar, -réire, f., disobedience, mismanagement, opposition.

Aiṁriaraċ, -aiġe, a., disobedient, rebellious.

aimhriartha, a., undisciplined, disobedient. aimhrid, -e, a., unfruitful, barren, sterile. aimhriocht, -a, pl. id., m., disguise, concealment, ambush (from riocht, shape, form, and am). aimsear, -sire, pl. -seara, f., time, era, period, duration, season, weather; cailín aimsire, a servant girl; ag a. (also i n-a), at service; aimsear an tsíol-chuir agus an fhoghmhair, the seed-time and the harvest-time. aimseardha, indec. a., temporal. aimsighim, -iughadh, v. tr., I aim, direct, attack; I strike, hit the mark; I recognise at a distance (aim with the eye); I find out, discover; I tempt, allure, incite, fascinate, bewitch. aimsiughadh, -sighthe, pl. id., m., act of aiming and hitting, directing; act of finding; in pl., attack, temptation. ain- (an-), neg. prefix, un-, in-, not; intensive prefix, very. ainbheart, -bheirte, -bhearta, f., an evil deed. ainbhéasach, -aighe, a., ill-bred, unmannerly. ainbhfeasach ainbhfiosach, -aighe, a., ignorant, without knowledge. ainbhfeoil, -ola, f., proud flesh. ainbhfine, g. id., m., a stranger. ainbhfios, -feasa, m., ignorance, want of knowledge. ainbhfiosach, -aighe, ignorant, wanting knowledge. ainbhtheann, -theinne, f., a spring tide. See ainbhtheinne. ainbhtheinne, g. id., f., a spring tide, a storm (Ker.). aincheart, -chirt, m., injustice, wrong. aincheart, -chirte, a., unjust, wrong. ainceas, -cis, m., doubt, uncertainty. ainceasach, -aighe, a., doubtful, uncertain. aincheist, -e, -eanna, f., doubt, dilemma. ainchiallda, indec. a., senseless, without reason, as a beast (also aingciallda). ainchreideamh, -dimh, m., unbelief, infidelity. ainchreidmheach, -mhighe, a., unbelieving. ainchreidmheach, -mhigh, -mhighe, m., an infidel, an unbeliever. ain-chríonna, a., very aged; also, imprudent. ainchríostamhail, -mhla, a., unchristian, irreligious. ainchríostamhlacht, -a, f., anti-christianism, irreligion. aindearbh, -a, a., uncertain. aindeis, -e, a., untidy, awkward, distressful, afflicted, inconvenient. aindeise, gen. id., pl. -sidhe, f., affliction, calamity; inconvenience, awkwardness. aindeiseoir, -ora, -oiridhe, m., an unfortunate person or thing, a wretch; dim. aindeiseoirín is common. aindeoin. See aimhdheoin. aindiadha, indec. a., ungodly, impious. aindiadhach, -aighe, a., ungodly, profane, impious. aindiadhacht, -a, f., impiety, godlessness. aindíoghaltach, -aighe, a., not given to revenge, forgiving. aindiúid, -e, f., obduracy, impenitence. aindiúideach, -dighe, a., impenitent. aindleaghthach, -aighe, a., unlawful, illegal, unfair, irregular; also aindlightheach. aindlighe (aindligheadh), -ghidh, -ghthe, m., unlawfulness, injustice. aindlightheach, -thighe, a., unlawful, illegal, ex lex. aindlightheach, -thigh, -thighe, m., a lawless person, an outlaw. áine, g. id., f., delight, pleasure, agility, melody. aineamh, g. ainmhe, pl. id., m., a blemish; also ainimh and ainnimh. áineas, -a, pl. id., m., pleasure. See áine. áineasach, -aighe, a., pleasurable, agreeable. ainéascaidh, -e, a., inactive. ainéifeacht, -a, f., inefficacy, inefficiency. ainéifeachtach, -aighe, a., ineffectual. ainéightheamhanta (éigheamh, crying, beseeching), a., inexorable (E. R.). aineolach, -aighe, a., ignorant, without knowledge; as m. subst., one ignorant of the road, etc. aineolacht, -a, f., ignorance, want of knowledge. aineolas, -ais, m., ignorance, rudeness. aineolgach, -aighe, a., ignorant, wanting in knowledge. aineolgaiseach, -sighe, -a, a., gnorant, without knowledge (also aineolgasach) ainfheoil, -ola, f., proud flesh; gross flesh, see ainbhfeoil. ainfhir. See ainnir. ainfhios, -fheasa m., gnorance, want of knowledge. See ainbhfios. ainfhiosach, a., ignorant. See ainbhfiosach. ainfhreagarthach, -aighe, a., discordant; unanswerable, unaccountable; coimhtheacht ainfhreagarthach, discordant concord (Kea.). aingceis, -e, pl. id., f., anguish, adversity, malice. aingceiseoir, see aindeiseoir. aingeal, -gil, pl. id. and aingle, m., an angel; a burnt-out cinder taken from the fire, sometimes given in their hands as a protection to children going out at night is called aingeal, as it is supposed to represent an angel. aingheall, m., great regard; a strong desire or affection; a bond, a mortgage. ain-ghean, -a, m., great love. aingidhe, a., wicked, furious, envious aingir, -e, f. See ainnir. ainglidhe, indec. a., angelical, ainghníomh, g. -a and -ghnímh, pl. id. -ghníomhra and -ghníomhartha, m., an evil deed. ainiarmharthach, -aighe, a., of evil consequences, ill-fated. ainiarsma, g. id., pl., -idhe, m., evil consequence. ainiarsmathach, -aighe, a. (see above), having evil consequences. ainicim, vl., -ceadh and anacal, I protect, defend (against, ar, ó); cleanse, purify, restore to health. ainictheoir, -ora, -oiridhe, m., a protector. ainimh. See aineamh. ainiocht, -a, m., unkindness, cruelty, oppression. ainiochtach, -aighe, a., unkind, cruel, inhospitable, oppressive, tyrannical. ainiomchubhaidh, -e, a., unfit, unbecoming. ainís, -e, f., anise, caraway; ainís fhiadhain, wild anise, áinle, g. id., pl. -lidhe, f., a swallow, a swift; dim. áinleog. (O'B. gives áinle = a squirrel.) ainleanach, -aigh, -aighe, m., a persecutor. ainleanaim, -namhain, v. tr., I persecute. ainleas, -a. See aimhleas. áinleog, -oige, -oga, f., the little bar in a lock in which the barrel of the key fits (Aran). áinleog, -oige, -oga, f., a night hawk, a swallow; a weed of the nettle kind. ainm, g. ainme, anma, anmann, pl. anmanna (older form), ainmne and ainmneacha, m., a name; reputation; duine do ghlaodhach as a ainm, to call one by an abusive name; "Cóir Anmann," title of an ancient book (Kea.). ainm-chlár, -áir, pl. id., and -racha, m., a catalogue. ainmheach, -mhighe, a., maimed, blemished. ainmheas, -a and -ta, m., disrespect. ainmheasartha, indec. a., unmeasured, immoderate, intemperate. ainmheasarthacht, -a, f., immoderateness, excess, intemperance. ainmheisneach, -nigh and -nighe, m. and f., rashness, hesitancy, weakness, state of discouragement (m. in M.). ainmheon, a., busy (Clare). ainmhian, -mhéine, pl. -a, and -ta, dpl. ainmhianaibh (Kea.), f., lust, concupiscence, passion; ainmhianta na colna, the concupiscence of the flesh. ainmhianach, -aighe, a., passionate, lustful, sensual. ainmhidhe, g. id., pl. ainmhinte and ainmhidhthe, m., a brute, an animal. ainmhidheach, -dhighe, a., brutish, beastly. ainmhidheacht, -a, f., brutality. ainmhín, -e, a., rough, passionate. ainmhíne, g. id., f., roughness, coarseness, passionateness. ainmneach, -nighe, a., famous, illustrious. ainmneamhail, -mhla, a., famous. ainmnighim, -iughadh, v. tr., I name, assign. ainmnighthe, p. a., named, specified; go ha., namely. ainmniughadh, -ighthe, m., act of naming, denomination, dedication. ainnir (ainnear), -nire, pl. id., f., a maiden; is í 'na hainnir bhig, while she was a young maiden. ainreacht (ainriocht), -a, pl. id., m., evil plight. ainriachtanach, -aighe, a., necessitous, poor, miserable. ainriachtanas, -ais, m., extreme danger, great misery or necessity. ainriochtach, -aighe, a., pitiable. See riocht. ainscian, -cine, pl. -ceanna, f., a large knife; fury, extravagance; a furious or wild person. ainscianach, -aighe, a., furious, extravagant. ainscianta, indecl. a., furious, extravagant. ainshearc, g. -eirce and -earca, f., hatred. ainshearc, m. and f., excessive love. ainshearcach, -aighe, a., unloving, merciless, cruel. ainsheascair, -e, a., troublous, uneasy, uncomfortable. ainspioraid, -e, -idhe, f., an evil spirit; the devil. ainshrianta, a., unbridled, debauched. ainshriantacht, -a, f., libertinism, debauchery, unbridled passion. ainteann, -einne, a., very violent, oppressive, severe; braced up, very stiff, very stout. ainteas, -a, m., great heat, inflammation, wrath. ainteasach, -aighe, a., hot, feverish. ainteasaidhe, indec. a., sultry, warm (of weather). ainteastach, -aigh, pl. id., m., a false witness; "ainteastach bréag," a base asserter of lies (Kea.); "innisin scéal ainteastach do bhí fuathmhar dó" (id.). ainteastach, -aighe, a., falsely testified. aintighearna, g. id., pl., -idhe, m., a tyrant, an oppressor. aintighearnacht, -a, f., tyranny, oppression. aipche, g. id., f., maturity (from abaidh, ripe). aipidh, see abaidh. air, prep., on, upon, etc.; more generally written ar, which see. air, prep. pr., m., upon him or it. See ar, prep. airc, -e, f., greed, voracity; géar-airc (O'Ra.) want, hardship (Don.). airc, in phr. gheall sé na huirc is na hairc dam, he promised me the world and all. airc, -e, -eacha, f., a chest, a coffer; an ark. airc, in various meanings, as a lizard, etc. See earc and arc. airceadal, -ail, pl. id., m., a prophecy. airceadal, -ail, pl. id., m., an article, doctrine, instruction; ag léir-ghoid gach airceadail, stealing away every article (E. R.). airceasach, -aighe, a., greedy, selfish. airceasach, -aigh, pl. id., m., a greedy or distressed person. aircín, g. id., -idhe, m., a stunted little pig. See earc. aircindeach, -digh, m., a mast (Ker.) airchinneach, m., a church officer; steward of church lands; in English, "Herenach." Hence Mac an Airchinnigh = MacInerney. airciosaim, -adh, v. intr., I complain, expostulate. airchis (pron. airichis), f., a pledge; a meeting; dul dá airchis, to go to meet him; chuaidh sé i na airchis, he went to meet him; do chuir sé airchis ortha, he sent to meet them (pron. aircis in Don.). airc luachra. See earc luachra. áird, -e, f., point of compass, direction, quarter, region; cf., i n-áird Uladh (Kea.), attention, vigilance, notice, dignity, happiness, order, improvement: glacaidh intinn áird is réim (E. R.); cf., gan bhail gan áird; níl áird agam air, I do not like it at all (Dan.). áird-cheann, -chinn, pl. id., m., a superior, a ruler, a general. áird-cheannas, -ais, m., governorship, high-chieftainship. áird-chéim, -e, -eanna, m., lofty position, dignity, nobility. áird-chéimeach, -mighe, a., stately, dignified, with a strutting gait, eminent. áird-cheimneacht, -a, f.. dignity, majesty. áird-chíos, -a, m., head rent, tribute; sway, oppression. áirde, g. id., f., height; i n-áirde, on high: cos i n-áirde, in a gallop; bolg i n-áirde nó tár i n-áirde, upturned, having one's "back to the field"; éirghe i n-áirde, pride, vanity, putting on airs like an upstart; feirm i n-áirde, farm to be let, or untilled; i n-áirde a chinn 's a ghotha, with head erect and with a loud voice; tá a ainm i n-áirde, he is much talked of. See aoirde. airdhe, airdhean, m., characteristic attribute, sign, symptom; "ar airdheanaibh" (Kea.). See airdhean and airidheacht. áirdeall, -dill, m., care, watchfulness; bíodh áirdeall ar an gcapall agat, keep an eye on the horse. áirdeallach, -aighe, a., watchful, sharp; ní fhaca mé duine riamh ní b'áirdeallaighe, bhí a shúil is chuil'áit aige, I never saw a more watchful person, his eye was everywhere (Con.). airdhean, -dhin, -a, m., a characteristic, a quality; tuarasgbháil do thabhairt ar airdheanaibh coilíneach, to give an account of the characteristics of the colonists (Kea., F. F.). áird-earlahh, -aimh, m., a high patron. See earlamh. áird-easbog, -buig, pl. id., m., an archbishop. áird-easbogóideact, g. and pl., -a, f., archbishopric. áird-easbuigeacht, -a, f., an archbishopric. áird-fheadhmannach, -aigh, -aighe, m., a chief butler, a high steward, a chief officer. áird-gheon, -oine, -ointe, f., the full cry of the hounds; a loud noise, a scream; the howling of a tempest. áird-innmhe, g. id., f., great wealth, high estate, eminence. áird-innmheach, -mhighe, a., eminent; of great wealth. áird-intinn, -e, f., elevation of mind, pride, arrogance. áird-intinneach, -nighe, a., high-spirited, proud, arrogant. áird-leaba, g. -leaptha, pl. -leapacha or -leabthacha, f., a royal couch. See leaba. áird-léim, -e, f., a lofty leap, a bounce, a jump. áirdleog, -oige, -oga, f., a fling, a bounce, a jerk; a stroke in swimming. See áirleog. áirdleogach, -aighe, a., flighty; high-minded. áird-mheas, m., fame, great esteem. áird-mhiangus, -uis, m., ambition; high-aspiring desire. áird-reacht, -a, pl. id., m., supreme law, a synod. áird-reann, -a, pl. id., f., a great star; in pl., the great stars, the planets. áird-réim, -e, pl. -eanna, and -eacha, f., proud progress, high state, munificence, supreme sway; d'á bhfuil i n-áird-réim, who are in high station. áird-réimeach, -mighe, a., notable, famous, of great sway. áird-rí, -ríogh, -ríghthe, m., a high king; an over-king. áird-ríoghacht, -a, f., supreme monarchy; empire. áird-ríoghdha, indec. a., monarchical. áird-stiuire, g. id., pl. -ridhe, m., a chief ruler. áird-stiuradh, -rtha, m., chief government. áird-thriatha, -a, pl. id., m., a supreme lord; a high chief. áird-thriathach, -aighe, a., pertaining to a nigh chief. aire, g. id., f., care, heed, attention; aire do thabhairt do, to take care; ag tabhairt aire dam, giving heed to me, attending to me; tabhairt aire duit, mind yourself; aire chugat, look out! Cad (caidé) tá ar t'aire, what are you about? aire, g. -reach, d. -righ, pl. -righ, gpl. -reach, m., a nobleman; one privileged; aireach, id.; bóaire, m., a man rich in cattle. aire, g. id., pl. -ridhe, f., a fishing weir (Ker.). aireach, -righ, pl. id., m., a noble; airigh uaill, great nobles (Kea., F. F.). aireach, -righe. a., heedful, attentive, careful, watchful, cautious. aireachas, -ais, m., act of caring, attending to; the office of herdsman; pastoral life; thug sé aireachas ('raicheas) maith d'á ghnó, he paid great attention to his business. aireachtáil, -ála, pl. id., f., feeling, perception. aireachtaint, -e, f., act of hearing, perceiving. See airighim. aireaghdha, indec. a., distinguished, illustrious. áireamh, -rmhe and -rimh, pl. -rmhe, m., act of counting, computing; taking account of a number, the sum total; the science of computation, arithmetic; ní fiú é áireamh, it is not worth taking into consideration. áireamhach. -aigh, -aighe, m., an accountant, a numerator. áireamhacht, -a, f., numbering, counting. airear, -rir, m., a bay or harbour; a confine, district; food; pleasure. See oirear. airghe, g. id., pl. -righe and -rgheadha, f., a herd (of cattle); cf., fionn-airghe, a milch-herd (S. G., p. 105). airgead, -gid, m., silver, money; airgead pósta, marriage fee; airgead síos, ready money; airgead ruadh, copper money; airgead beo, quicksilver; airgead na himeartha, the stakes (at play); airgead geal, silver money; airgead buidhe, gold money; gs., airgid, as a., lámh nairgid, a silver hand (Kea.). airgeadamhail, -mhla, a., rich, moneyed. airgead luachra, -gid luachra, m., meadow-sweet. airgead-shnáithe, m., silver thread (P. O'C.) airghean, -ghin, m., a bridle rein; a symptom (see airdhe); a pang, pain; airgheana an báis, death throes. airgim, vl., argain, v. tr., I spoil, plunder, harass; do hairgthí an chríoch leo, they harassed the country (Kea.); cf., púdar is piléar is réabadh airgthe (P. F.) airgthe, p. a., despoiled. airgtheach, -thigh, -thighe, m., a plunderer, a wretch. airgtheoir, -ora, -oiridhe, m., a plunderer. airichis, see airchis (often airicis and aircis in Don.). airidheacht (araidheacht), -a, f., a token, a sign; a good appearance; níl a. mhaith ar an ló, or níl an lá i n-a., the day does not promise well; níl an bóthar i n-a. siubhal air, the road is not fit to walk on (Aran). airigheach, -ghigh, -ghighe, m., a watchman, a sentry, a caretaker. airighim, vl. airiughadh and aireachtaint, v. tr., I feel, perceive, hear, notice, heed; níor airigheas aon nídh gur phreab sé chugam, he came suddenly upon me (I perceived or felt nothing till he sprang upon me); in U., in general, is not used in sense of hear; in Omeath it means: I think, conceive. áirighthe. See áirithe. airightheoir, -ora, -oiridhe, m., an observer. áirimhtheoir, -ora, -oiridhe, m., a calculator, an accountant. áiriste, dialect form of áirithe, certain (U.). áirithe (áirighthe), a., definite, certain, special, particular; seanchuidhe d'áirithe, a certain historian (Kea.); go háirithe, particularly (Kea.), at any rate; as subs., bhí sé i n-áirithe dúinn, it was in store for us, it was our fate (Ker.); i n-áirithe, engaged. airiú, interj., "aroo!" really! ah, indeed! (arú in Don.). See ara. airiughadh, g. airighthe, m., notice, perception. airle, g. id., f., council, consultation; in modern Irish, only in compound comhairle. airle, g. id., pl. -eacha, f., a loan, a borrowing. airleacadh, -ctha, m., act of lending; a loan, usury, extravagant gain on money. airleacaim, -adh, v. tr., I lend. airleacan, -ain, m., an equivalent, a loan; ag iasacht no ar airleacan, on loan or for an equivalent (to be given in return). airleacthach, -thaigh, -thaighe, m., a lender, a borrower. airleacthach, -aigh, a., ready or willing to lend. áirleog, -oige, -oga, f., a fling, a toss; a high flight; a project. áirleogach, -aighe (áirdleogach) a., enterprising, adventurous. airlighim, -iughadh v. tr., I lend. airm, -e, f., weapons (collectively). airm, -e, f., a place, as airm choille; airm a bhfuil = áit a bhfuil, the place in which. airm-chrios, -chreasa, m., an armour belt. See crios. áirmheach, -mhighe, a., numerous. airmhide, g. id., f., veneration, respect (Kea). See oirmhidin. áirmhim, vl. áireamh, v. tr., I count, reckon, consider, record; ní fiú iad d'áireamh, they are not worth considering. (gé áirmhid and ní áirmheann occur in Kea., F. F.) airmhinneach, -nighe, a., reverend, respected. See oirmhidneach. airmhire, g. id., f., briskness, nimbleness. airmleann, -linne, f., an armory. airm-neart, -nirt, m., strength of weapons. áirne, g. id., pl. -nidhe, g. pl. -neadh, f., a sloe, a sloe-tree (árna, Don.). áirne, g. id., f., watching lato at night. See áirneán. áirne, pl. of ára a kidney. áirneál, m., a friendly night visit, opposed to cuaird, a day visit (Don.). áirneán, -áin, night work, i.e. work done after the natural day is ended; sitting up late at night; ag déanamh áirneáin, working at night, sitting up late; ag áirneán istoidhche, sitting up late at night; ag áirneán na hoidhche, sitting up late; áirneál in Don.: le cungnamh an áirneáil, by means of sitting up late. áirneánach, -aighe, a., keeping night-vigil; sitting up late at night. áirnéis, -e, f., cattle, chattel, stock; furniture, goods, effects (urnais, Don.). áirneog, -oige, -oga, f., a sloe-tree; dim. of áirne. áirse, g. id., pl. -sidhe, f., an arch; an arcade; a vault; fé áirse mo chuirp, in my heart (Condon). airteagal, -ail, pl. id., an article. airtéire, g. id., f., an artery. airthinneach, -nighe, a., angry, peevish, particular, exact. ais, -e, f., a hill, a fort; marshy ground; a waggon; a recess, a place; any part of the person. ais, -e, f., a verge, a side, back; used in dative le hais in phr., le hais, ar ais, and with poss. pr., le na hais, etc.; le hais na Siúire, beside the Suir; le m'ais, beside me; le hais an dorais, beside the door (in M. pron. in such a phr., leaithis, acc. on first syllable); tar ais, ar ais, backwards; d'iompuigh sé tar n-ais, he returned; do ghabh Spenser ré' ais, Spenser took in hand (Kea., F. F.); ghabhas re m'ais, I undertook (Kea., F.F.); ag gabháil ceannais Éireann re a ais, assuming the supreme government of Ireland (Kea., F. F.). ais, .i. deoin, consent, will; ar ais no ar éigean, nolens volens, willingly or unwillingly. áis, -e, f., the middle prominent wicker-layer of a basket; what is convenient or can be held by the hand; anything useful or convenient. See áise. áis, dependence, reliance; is air atá m'ais, it is on him I rely. ais-, prefix, implying repetition; re-, again, back. aisce, g. id., pl. -cidhe, f., a gift, a present; advantage; ar aisce, i n-aisce, for nothing, gratis, as a free gift; also i n-aifce, with no advantage, uselessly; often i n-aiscidh (-igh) (Ker.). aisceadh, -cthe, m., hand-picking of vermin, etc., from clothes, etc. ais-chéimnighim, -iughadh, v. intr., I retire, withdraw. aiscim, -ceadh, I hand-pick vermin, etc.; I explore with the hand. áise, g. id., pl. -sidhe, f., a useful article; a convenience; what is one's own, as opposed to what is borrowed; is feárr áise na srathrach 'ná iasacht na diallaide, the straddle that one owns is better than the saddle that one borrows. áiseacht, -a, f., convenience, utility. ais-éadach, -aigh, m., shrouding fur the dead (also taiséadach). aiseag, -sig, -sigthe and -seagtha, pl. id., m., act or vomiting; restitution; repayment; recovery; restoration; a ferry (Ker). aiseagaim, vl. aiseag, v. tr., I give back, restore, I vomit, puke. aisealbhaim. -bhadh, v. tr., I regain possession of. áiseamhail, -mhla, a., convenient, handy, useful; kind, obliging, ready to lend. áiseamhlacht, -a, f., kindness, obligingness; convenience, accommodation; fondness to accommodate; utility. ais-éirghe, g. id., f., resurrection. ais-éirghim, -rghe, v. intr., I rise again. ais-ghairm, -e, f., recalling, abrogation. ais-ghlaodhaim, -dhach, v. tr., I recall. aisim, v. intr., I return, used only in 3 pr. s., aiseann sé, he returns. aisiog, aisiogaim. See aiseag, aiseagaim. áisiughadh, -ighthe, m., alleviation. aisling, -e, pl. -the, and -idhe, f., a dream, a vision, an apparition, a poetical description of an apparition. aislingim, -iughadh v. tr., I dream; (constr. with go). aislingtheach (aislingeach), -thigh, -thighe, m., a dreamer, a visionary. aislingtheach (aislingeach), a., visionary, dreaming, dreamy. aisnéall, -éill, m., fatigue, fainting. aisnéallach, -aighe, a., subject to fainting or swooning. aisnéidhim, v. tr., -dhadh, I relate, tell. See faisnéidhim, etc. aisnéis, -e, f., an account, evidence, testimony. See faisnéis. aisnéisim, vl., aisnéis, v. tr., I reveal, tell, give evidence of. See faisnéisim. aiste, g. id., pl. -tidhe, m., a poem, a satire, any composition; treatment (as to diet, etc.); droch-aiste, bad treatment, state, condition. aisteach, in, into (with motion). See isteach. aisteach, -tighe, a., droll, witty, ingenious, crafty, odd, strange; crazy. aisteachán, -áin, m., sports, games, jests; drollery. aisteachas, -ais, m., oddity, queerness, drollery, humour. aisteacht, -a, f., waggishness, drollery, pranks. aisteamhlacht, -a, f., drollery, queerness, jocoseness, a tendency to oddity. aistear, -tir, pl. id., and -treacha, m., a journey, a round-about way, a useless tour; chuireas a. orm Fein, I made a useless or unnecessary circuit, took a round-about way, made a journey in vain; i n-aistear, in vain, ex., bhí a chuaird i n-aistear aige, he had his pains for nothing; ní aistear dam dul ann, it is no out of the way journey for me to go there, I'll get the worth of my trouble; tigh i mbéal bhóthair ní haistear é acht cómhgar, a house on the roadside, it is no roundabout journey, but the contrary, to visit it; saothar i n-aistear, labour in vain. aisteoir, -ora, -oiridhe, m., a jester, a buffoon, a stage-actor. aisteoireacht, -a, f., jesting, playing pranks, acting. aisti, prep. pr., 3 s. f., out of or from her. See as, prep. aistidhe, g. id., pl. -dhthe, m., an artist, a poet, a painter, a wag, a jester. aistidheach, -dhighe and -tighe, a., strange, odd (Don.). See aisteach. aistidheacht, -a, f., playing pranks, stage-acting; also, acting the impostor. aistigheal, -a, f., oddity, drollery; ag dul i n-aistigheal, getting aistightheoir, -ora, -oiridhe, m., a jester, a player; a cheat. See aisteoir. aistireach, -righe, a., able to walk; removable. aistrighim, -iughadh, v. tr. and intr., I alter; translate; change residence, remove, flit; I travel, march, journey. aistriughadh, -ighthe, pl. id., m., a journeying, removing, change of abode, flitting; a political change, a revolution; translation. ait, -e, a., pleasant, comical, queer, droll, strange, objectionable, undesirable; is ait an saoghal é, it is a funny world; dob'ait liom soin, I'd like that (ironical) (in this phr. ait is pron. ail, and it may be a different word). See ait. áit, -e, pl. -eacha and -eanna, f., a place, locality; is maith an áit go rabhais, well said, well observed (of a witty repartee), lit., you were in a good position. áith, -the, pl. id., f., a kiln, an eminence. aith- (ath-), prefix, (1) reiterative, re-; (2) intensive, very; (3) negative, in-, un-, dis-, not. aithbhé (aithfé, aithmheas), ebb-tide. aithbeacht, -a, f., the ebbing of the tide (aithbheas, id.). aithbhear, -bhir, m., reproach, blame; a a. fin, the blame for that. aithbhearach, -aighe, a., blaming, reproaching, censuring. aithbhearaim, -adh, v. tr., I blame, reproach, censure. áithbhéil, -e, a., addicted to exaggeration. See áidhbhéil. aithbeo, a., revived, resuscitated. aithbheodhadh, -bheoidhte, m., act of resuscitating (aitbheodhchain(t), id.) aithbheodhaim, -bheodhadh -bheodhughadh and -bheodhachain, v. tr., I restore to life. aithbheodhughadh. See aithbheodhadh. aithbheodhuighim, -ughadh, v. tr., I restore to life, I renovate. aithbhiseach, -sigh, m., a second improvement, a second setting in of growth (in a youth, etc.). aithbhliadhain, -dhna, f., a second year, the New Year, next year (used adverbially); i gcomhair na haithbhliadhna, for next year. aithbhreith, -bhreithe (-bheartha in Ker., etc.), act of regenerating, of giving second birth to; ar n-a a., on his being born again. aithbhrisim, -bhriseadh, v. tr., I break again. aithcheannach, -nnaigh, m., repurchase, exchange, barter. aithcheo, -oigh, m., obscurity, blame, contradiction. aithchim, v. tr., I beg, ask, beseech. aithchimeach, -migh, pl. id., m., a petitioner. aithchré, f., the light mould put to growing plants, as potato stalks. aithchreideamh, -dimh, m., apostacy. aithdhéanamh, -anta, m., act of making over again. aithdheimhnighim, -iughadh, v. tr., I reassure, reassert, I point out again. aithdhingeadh, -gthe, m., act of re-packing (as fish, etc.) (Ker.). aithdhingim, -ngeadh, v. tr., I re-pack (as fish) (Ker.). aitheach. See athach. aithéadtrom, -ruime, a., very light, airy, nimble. aiteal, -til, m., juniper. aiteall, -till, m., gladness, joy; cessation (from rain). See atal. áiteamh, -timh, m., act of persuading, convincing, arguing; persuasion; convincing argument, evidence, proof; níl aon áiteamh le fagháil air = there is no proof to be found against him. áiteamhail, -mhla, a., local. aiteann, -tinn, m., furze, gorse; aiteann Gaedhealach, a light species of furze that grows in tufts; aiteann Gallda nó Franncach, the coarser kind of furze with lighter blossom; aiteann Mhuire, a kind of wild palm (the word is fem. in Con. and Uls.; gen. -tinne). aitheanta, p. a., known, acquainted, recognised, familiar, free, sociable. aitheantach, -aighe, a., apt to know, free, familiar, sociable. aitheantacht, -a, f., advice, counsel, recommendation. aitheantas, -ais, m., an acquaintance; precept, injunction, counsel; duine aitheantais, an acquaintance; a lucht aitheantais all who know him; cf., is feárr beagán do'n ghaois ná mórán do'n aitheantas (Con. prov.). aithearrach, -aigh, m., another; a change, an alternative; a. céile, another spouse; also atharrach which see, and atharrughadh, as tá atharrughadh scéil anois aige, he has a different story now to tell, he is confronted by an altered set of circumstances. aiteas, -tis, m., repose, comfort, pleasure, pleasantry, fun; rinne me sin fríd aiteas, I did that for fun (Omeath). aitheas, -this, m., triumph. aitheasach, -aighe, a., valorous, victorious, successful. aitheasc, -thisc, m., virtue; advice, admonition; a lecture, speech; abridgment (nom. sometimes aithisc). aitheascaim, -adh, v. tr., I deliver (as a lecture); I speak, warn, admonish, preach. aitheascacht, -a, f., rehearsing; an appeal. aithéirghe, g. id. and -righthe, f., resurrection. See aiséirghe and eiséirghe. aithéirghim, -éirghe, v. intr., I re-ascend, I rise again. áiteoir, -ora, -oiridhe, m., an argumentative man, a pleader. aithfhriotal, -ail m., act of re-discussing, reporting, re-narrating, quoting; a reply, a retort. aithghéar, -éire, a., very sharp. aithgheárr, -ghiorra, a., very short, compendious; as subst., a brief space; a short cut, a near way. aithghearra, g. id., m. and f., an abridgment, a short way, short cut. aithghearradóir, -óra, -óiridhe, m., an abbreviates, an abridger. aithghearrthóir, -óra, -óiridhe, m., an abbreviator, an abridger. aithghein, -e, f., symbol, type; a counterpart, a similar one; also regeneration; aithghein ar shean-Mhícheál, the very picture of old Michael; aithghein Phádraig, one exactly like Patrick. aith-gheineamhain, -mhna, f., regeneration. aithgheinim, vl. aithghein, v. tr., I regenerate. aithgheinte, p. a., regenerate. aithghiorra, go ha. (pron. go haiciorra), soon, shortly (Der. Om.). See aithghearra. aithghiorrach, -aighe, a., handy, compendious. aithid, -e, -idhe, f., an asp, a wild beast; a peevish person; a creature, person; gach aithid againn, each one of us. aithid, -e, f., with neg., nothing; ní fiú aithide é, or ní fiú aithid é, it is worthless. aithidhe, g. id., f., a haunt, a place of resort, habit, custom; cf., do bheith ar aithidhe aige, to resort to him, to frequent his house; d'aithidhe do dhéanamh d'á dtighthibh, to make their houses a place of your resort (Kea., F. F.). aithidín, g. id., pl. -idhe, m., a venomous little creature, dim. of aithid. áitighim, -iughadh v. intr., I inhabit, dwell; v. tr., i build, locate. áitighim, vl. áiteamh, pf. áitimh or áitigh, I argue, persuade, give evidence, prove, v. intr., with dep. clause; d'áitimh (d'áitigh) sé orm go . . . he persuaded me that . . áitightheoir, -ora, -oiridhe, m., an inhabitant, a resident. aithin, for aithne, knowledge. See aithne. aithin, -e, f., the liver. aithinne (aith-theine), g. id., pl. -neacha, f., a coal of fire, a firebrand; a slow fire, as opposed to gread-teine; charcoal. aithis, -e, -idhe, f. (g., aithiste, sometimes), reproach, shame, contumely, disgrace; mo náire is m'aithis é, I am ashamed and feel disgraced at it; a sharp censure, a snub; do bhain sé aithis asam, he snubbed me; is cúis aithise chugainn é, it is a causo of reproach to us; nom. also faithis. aithiseach, -sighe, a., shameful, abusive, censorious. aithiseach, -sigh, pl. -sighe, m., an abusive person. aithisighim, -iughadh, v. tr., I abuse, defame. aithisim, -iughadh, v. tr., I abuse, defame. See aithisighim. aithisiughadh, -ighthe, m., abuse, defamation, act of abusing. áitiughadh, -ighthe, m., act of dwelling, habitation. aithle, after; in phr: a h-aithle sin, after that; as a haithle and as a haithle sin, afterwards; a haithle na laoidhe sin, after that poem (obs.). aithleagaim, -adh, v. tr., I refine, melt down. aithleasuighim, -ughadh, v. tr., I improve, correct, reform. aithléighim, vl., -léigheadh and -léigheamh, v. tr., I quote, repeat, rehearse. aithlíonadh, -nta, m., act of refilling, reinforcement, recruiting. aithlíonaim, -adh, v. tr., I fill again, replenish. aithmhéala, g. id., m., regret, compunction. aithmhéalach, -aighe, a., sorrowful. aithmhéaltas, -tais, m., regret. aithmhéile, g. id., f., regret, affliction, pity. See aithmhéala. aithne, g. id., pl. aitheanta, gpl. aithneadh and aitheanta, f., a commandment. aithne, g. id., f., recognition, acquaintance with, knowledge; tá aithne agam ar, I know (recognise), am acquainted with. aithnid, -e, f., recognition, knowledge, as a., known; ní ha. duit mé, you know me not (the form aithnidh is somet. found); buachaillidhe aithnide dhó, young men of his acquaintance. aithnidh, -e, a., known, recognised. See aithnid. aithnighim, vl. aithin, aithint, aithniughadh f. aithneochad, imper. aithin, v. tr., I know, recognise, distinguish, discern. aithnim, vl., aithin, v. tr., I command, enjoin, direct, bid, order; mar d'aithin díobh gan, where he commanded them not, etc. (also aithinim) (Kea., F. F.). aithnim, vl. aithin and aithint, v. tr., I know, recognise, understand. aithre, g. id., f., a beast of the cow kind (ox, bull, cow, etc.); also aire. áitreabh, -eibh, -eabha, m., a dwelling, an abode, a residence (somet. áitreabh, -eibhe, f.). áitreabhach, -aigh pl. id., m., an inhabitant; as a., habitable. áitreabhadh, -bhtha, m., act of dwelling; lucht á., inhabitants. áitreabhaim, -adh, v. intr., I dwell, inhabit. aithreach, -righe, a., penitent, sorry. aithreachas, -ais, m., repentance, compunction, regret. aithreamhail, -mhla, a., paternal; like one's father; also athramhail; is athramhail an mac é, he is a son that is like or takes after his father (Oidheadh Cloinne hUisnigh). aithreamhlacht, -a, f., fatherliness, paternal kindness; also athramhlacht. aithrighe, g. id., f., penitence, penance; compunction. aithríghe, g. id., f., an abdicated or forfeited kingdom (P. O'C.). aithrigheach, -ghigh, pl. id., m., a penitent, a devotee. aithríoghadh, -ghtha , m., act of dethroning. aithríoghaim, -adh, v. tr., I dethrone, depose (a king). aithris, -e, f., act of imitating, mimicking, relating, reciting; ag déanamh a. aft, mimicking, imitating, aithriseach, -sigh, pl. id., m., a story-teller, a mimic. aithriseach, -sighe, a., mimicking, tale-telling. aithrisim, vl. aithris, v. tr., I tell, narrate, report, repeat, recite; imitate, copy, mimic, ridicule (with ar). aithristeoir, -ora, -oiridhe, m., a reciter, mimicker. aithsceathrach, -raighe, -racha, f., a vomit. aithscríbhneoir, -ora, -oiridhe, m., a transcriber, a copyist; one who re-writes or re-casts a book. aithscríobhadh, -bhtha, m., act of transcribing, a transcript. aithscríobhadóir, -óra, -óiridhe, m., a transcriber, a copyist, a scribe. aithscríobhaim, -adh, v. tr., I transcribe; write over again. aithshíothcháin, -ána, f., reconciliation. aithshítheach, -thighe, a., reconciled. aiththreabadh, -bhtha, m., reploughing. ál, g. áil, pl. id. also áltracha, m., a brood, progeny, the young of any animal. ala, g. id., m., in phr. ní raibh sé ala na huaire leis, he had it done in the twinkling of an eye (Con.). ala (eala), g. id., pl. -aidhe, m., a trout (Ker.). ala, g. id., pl. -aidhe, f., craft, skill. See eala. ala, a swan. See eala. alabárd, -áird, pl. id., m., anything out of proportion, as a small garsún hurling with a very tall man's camán (W. Ker.). alach rámh, a set or bank of oars. áladh, -aidh, pl. id., m., a wound; spite, ill-feeling; bhí a. agam leis, I had a spite against him; a grab; rug sé a. orm, he made a grab at me (Mayo). aladhnach, -aighe, a., crafty, comical. See ealadhnach. alaim. See ailim. álainn, gsf., áilne and áille, a., beautiful, handsome, lovely. Alba, g. -ban, d. -bain, f., Scotland. Albanach, -aigh, pl. id., m., a Scotchman; a Presbyterian or Protestant (U., pron. Alabnach). Albanach, -aighe, a., Scottish. aleith (ale), i leith (leith, dat. of leath, a side, etc.), aside, on this side, here; tar a leith, come hither; cogar a leith chugat, a word with you in secret; to this side, to this time; ó shoin ale (a leith), from that day to this, from that time forward. alga, indec. a., noble; Inis Alga, the noble island, i.e. Ireland (genly. Inis Ealga, somet. Imp Eilge); an treas ainm Inis Ealga, .i. oileán uasal, the third name, Inis Ealga, i.e. the noble island (Kea., F. F.). See ealga. algacht, -a, f., nobility. all = oll, a., (prefix) great. all, g. aill, pl. id., also -tracha, a rock. all, a., strange, alien; another. all, yonder, beyond; foreign; anall (a n-all), hither, from beyond; tar anall, come hither. See Catt. alla, alladh, g. id., pl. allaidhe, m., a hall (also halla). alla, God, allah (P. F.). allabhair (athlabhair), -bhartha, f., an echo. alla-chú, g. -chon, d. -choin, m., an alien hound, a foreigner; in pl., often the English. alladh, -aidh, pl. id., m., fame, renown; a present. allagar, -air, m., true and distinct pronunciation, fluency of speech and proper accent. allaibhre, g. id., f., deafness resulting from great noise; deafness. allait, -e, -idhe, f., a term of opprobium applied to a heavy, ungainly woman. allaoire, g. id., f., deafness, hardness of hearing. See allaibhre. all-bhuadhach, -aighe, a., triumphant, victorious over all. allchur, -uir, m., transposition; allchur na bhfocal, transposition of the words. allfraits, pl. -tsithe, m., a scold, a barge, a rough fellow (pron. with termination like Eng. -atch, as in batch) (M.). allghlór, -óir, -órtha, m., gibberish, jargon, gasconade. allmhórdha, a., gigantic. allmhurach, -aigh pl. id., m., a foreign pirate, a foreigner. allmhurdha, a., foreign, piratical; exotic, outlandish. allmhurdhacht, -a, f., barbarity; the state of being foreign or outlandish. allód, -óid, m., distance (of time); 'san aimsir i n-allód, in the olden time. allt, aillt, m., cliff, side of glen; brook (chiefly in Scotland, as Aillt a' Bhonnaich). allta, a., wild, uncouth, fierce, savage; beathaidheach allta, a brute beast; madradh allta, a wolf. alltacht, -a, f., amazement; wildness, savageness. alltán, -áin, pl. id., m., a fierce, wild man; a dull, stupid fellow; a fool. alltar, -air, m., yon side (of the country), the wilder parts; opposed to ceanntar, the nearer parts. alltas, -ais, m., wildness, savagery. allúntas, -ais, m., allowance, dole, share (Aran). allus, -uis, m., sweat, perspiration; cubhar alluis, a foam of sweat; ag cur alluis (often with de or di), perspiring. álmhach, -aigh, m., a brood, a clutch, a sept or tribe; mar álmhach géadhna, like a clutch of geese. almsain, -aine, -ana, f., alms. alos (= as los), prep., in respect of, owing to; a los a bhfoghluma, in consideration of their learning (Kea., F. F.). alpadh, -ptha, m., act of devouring in big mouthfuls, swallowing voraciously. alpaim, -adh, v. tr., I devour, eat up in large mouthfuls; alpadh na ndeamhan ort (Dáith de Barra); alpaid an spóla, they devour meat (Condon). alpaire, g. id., pl. -ridhe, m., a glutton, a devourer; a grabber of land (Aran), alpghail, -e, f., answering a person gruffly, scolding vehemently. See alpadh. alp luachra (also earc luachra, al luachra, airc luachra), a newt, a lizard. alpusach, -aighe, a., free, bold. alt, g. ailt, pl. id., m., a joint, the ankle, a knuckle of the finger; a division, a portion; a knot in timber; a section or chapter of a book; i n-alt na huaire sin, at that very time; i n-alt an ionaid sin, at that very place: alt de mhaide, a piece of a stick; i n-alt a chéile, in proper order, in coherence, coherently (Don.); tá sé i n-alt m'fheicsint, he is in a condition to see me; a Thaidhg, ná tathaír Torna 's gan é a n-alt bhur n-agallmha, Tadhg, revile not Torna, who is not in a position to reply to you (l. O Cléirigh, apud O'Br.); a mountain, a ravine, a gulph (Om.); a glen, esp. if wooded (Der.); tabhair na hailt dó, give him the knuckles, box him (Mayo); a written article (recent). alt-ar-chroidhe, g. ailt-, m., disease like a heart-burn, water-flash. altán, -áin, pl. id., m., a step or height; a small division; a razor; a paragraph; dim. of alt; altán sceine, a strong, sharp knife (Ker.). altóir, g. -óra, -óire, -órach, pl. -óire and -óra, f., an altar. altra, -an, -ana, f., a nourisher, a nurse, a foster father; bean altra, banaltra, a nurse. altramaim, -adh, v. tr., I nurse, I foster. altranas, -ais, pl. id., m., nursing; fosterage; altranacht, id. altrom, -a, pl. id., m., a nursing; fosterage; athair altroma, a foster father. altughadh, -uighthe, pl. id., m., thanks, thanksgiving, genuflection, salutation; saying grace at meals. altuighim, -ughadh, v. tr., I thank, salute, adore; ag altughadh bídh, saying grace after meals. áluinn. See álainn. amh, neg. prefix, in-, un-, not; also intensive prefix. ámh, conj., verily, indeed; even; also; but, however; see ámhach; do bhuailfinn ámh (no ámhach) ní mhuirbhfinn, I would strike, but would not kill. am, g. ama, pl. amanna amannta, m., time, occasion; one's turn; more definite in its application than aimsear; i n-am, in time; an t-am, when; am ar bith, any time, whenever; am eile, another time; fá'n am soin, at that time; d'aon am, on purpose; i n-am 's i dtráth or i nam tráith, in good (early) time; but an-tráth, an unsuitable time. amh, aimhe, a., raw, uncooked. ama, g. id., pl. -aidhe, f., the hames of a horse-collar; a yoke, slavery; bhí an srathar 's an ama aindeis a ndóthain, the straddle and the hames were awkward indeed; fá'n ama, in slavery; (m. in U.). ámhach (ámhthach), conj., verily, indeed, however. amach, ad., out, outside (with motion); amach leis, out with him; ó shoin amach, from that time forth; síos amach, down into the country, far down; amuigh 's amach, out and out. amad, -aid, -aididhe, m., a madman, a simpleton. See amaid. amadán, -áin, pl. id., m., a fool. amadánach, -aighe, a., foolish, silly. amadánacht, (amadántacht), -a, f., folly. amadánta, indec. a., foolish, simple, childish. amaid, -e, pl. -idhe, f., a fool, a foolish woman; an apparition, a ghost (Kea.); nom. also aimid. amaideach, -dighe, a., mad, frantic; idiotic. amaideacht, -a, f., foolishness, derangement. amhail, a., like, as, like; amhail agus, a. mar, as if, as though. amhaill, -le, f., act of sporting, diverting oneself with; a stratagem (Kea.) amháin, adv., only, alone, merely; acht a., except, only; aon lá a., one day, on a certain day; fiú amháin, even; aon .... amháin, one only; aon nídh amháin is eadh é, it comes to the same thing. amhair, -e, a., musical. amhairseach, -sighe, a., distrustful, suspicious, doubtful. amal, -ail, pl. id., a simpleton; amal gan chiall, a senseless idiot (Fer.) (same as gamal). amalach, -aighe, a., curled (of the hair). amhaltas, -ais, pl. id., m., sorrow, grief, vexation. amanarthar (amanathar M) = um an oirthear, ad. of time, on the day after tomorrow; lá i noirthear, id. See oirthear, also bárach. amhantar, -air, m., chance, fortune, luck, good luck, success, a windfall. amhar, -air, m., music, speech. amárach (i mbárach, i mbáireach) ad. of time, on tomorrow. See bárach. amharag, -aig, m., mustard. amaraich, -e, f., scurvy grass, cochlearia. amharc, -airc, pl. id., m., sight, vision, seeing, a representation, a scene; a. an lae, dawn (M.). (In Don. amharc is used commonly for the sight of the eyes, in M. radharc is the usual word; chan fhaicim aon amharc, I can't see a stime U.). amharc, -airc, m., act of searching for, looking for (Don.); act of pointing out (the way) (M.) amharcach, -aighe, a., interesting, pleasant to survey or meditate on; fond. amharcaim, vl. amharc, v. tr., I see, look at; keep; in Om. also I watch, judge, search for. amharclann, -ainne, -anna, f., a theatre, a place for shows or exhibitions. amarrán, -áin, m., oppresson, distress, misfortune; giolla an amarráin, the unfortunate fellow (a R.). amhas, -ais, pl. amhsa and amhsanna, m., a mercenary soldier, a recruit; a wild, ungovernable man, a madman; a beast, a glutton, a monster. amas, -ais, pl. id., m., a hitting, marking, a home stroke; an attack; a guess. amás (i mbás?), inter, of surprise and incredulity; amás ní raghair a bhaile, surely you will not go home! (M.). amhasach, -aighe, a., witless, stupid; passionate, impulsive, wild, ungovernable, gluttonous. amhasán, -áin, pl. id., m., a stupid, dull man; a greenhorn. amhasóg, -óige, -óga, f., a little bitch; a little barker; a foolish or fierce woman. amhastar, -air, m., a dog's bark (amhastrach, id.). amhastruighim, -ughadh and amhastrach, v. intr., I bark (as a dog). ambárach, ad. of time, on tomorrow. See bárach. ambasa (im basa), inter., by my hand, really! truly! a form of asseveration. See bas. ameasc, a measc, i measc, comp. prep., among, amongst, amid, between, with gen. or poss. prn.; i n-a measc, among them; i measc uasal, among nobles (Kea., F. F.). ámén, amen (the word is pron. áimíon in M.). amfhorrán, -áin, m., oppression, distress. See amarrán. amhgar, -air (pron. amhngar), m., inconvenience, disadvantage, affliction; hunger, an unsatisfied want. amhgarach, -aighe (pron. amhngarach), a., inconvenienced, hungry, craving for food. amhgaraim, -adh, v. tr., I vex, afflict, trouble. amhghlan, -aine, a., impure. amhlabhair, -artha, f., bad delivery in speaking, stammering. amhlabharthach, -aighe, a., stammering, mute, dumb; s. m. (g. -aigh, pl. id. ), a stammerer, a stutterer. amhlaidh, s. in. and a., thus, so, the same; amhlaidh sin, in that manner; amhlaidh agus, as if; gurab (go mb') amhlaidh duit, may it be so to you, the same to you; is amhlaidh do bhí an scéal, this was the state of the case; tá sé a., it is as you say; is a. do chuir m'athair fios ort, my father sent for you (where is a. is not translated); óir is amhlaidh d'fhoillsigheas gurab amhlaidh do gairthí Ua Domhnaill, for it is thus it describes that the way in which O'Donnell was proclaimed (Kea., F. F.); dá mhéid . . . is amhlaidh is lugha, the more . . . the less; níl dá mhéid . . . nach amhlaidh is lugha, the more . . . the less; amhlaidh sin, accordingly (Kea., F. F.); often in apodosis to i n-a ionad: ex., agus i n-a ionad sain is amhlaidh do chuiris do bhean ins an luachair chum bheith ag éisteacht liom. amlath (= iomlot?), m., fuair sé amlath mór, it suffered much from exposure to inclement weather (of hay, etc.) (Con.). amlóg, -óige, -óga, f., a female fool, a witless person. amhlóir, -óra, -óiridhe, m., a fool, an idiot, a boor; a fool who imagines himself wise. See abhlóir. amhluadh, -a, m., tribulation, distress; m'amhluadh! alas! amhnáire, g. id., f., shamelessness, immodesty. amhnáireach, -righe, a., shameless, immodest. amhóg, -óige, -óga, f., a bound, a leap. See adhbhóg. ampall, -aill, m., voracity, greed, hunger; tá an-ampall air, he is very voracious; do scríbh an gorta agus do léig do'n ampall (Dáith de Barra). See amplach. amplach, -aighe, a., greedy, covetous, voracious. amplachán, -áin, pl. id., m., a glutton; a grabber. ampladh, -aidh, m., voracity, great hunger; tart, ampladh 'gus airc, thirst, greed and voracity. amplamhail, -mhla, a., voracious. amhra, a., good, great, noble; prosperous, lucky. amhra, g. id., m., a poem, an elegy, lamentation, as, Amhra Choluimchille. amhras, -rais, pl. id., and -raisidhe, m., doubt, suspicion, anxiety, distrust; gan amhras, doubtless. amhrasach, -aighe, a., suspicious, doubtful. also amhraiseach. amhsach, -aighe, a., hitting, striking. amhsán, -áin, pl. id., m., a cur dog. amhscaoidheach, -dhighe, a., careless, untidy; nach amhscaoidheach a ghléasais thú féin, how carelessly, untidily you dressed. amhscarnach, -aigh, m., grey dawn. amugha, astray; léigean amugha, to let (id go to loss, be lost; dul amugha, to go astray, be lost. See mudha. amuigh, ad., out, outside, without (without movement); leath a., in addition to; leath-is-muigh, leasmuigh, outside; taobh amuigh, outside; tá rud amuigh agam, I am a creditor; tá siad amuigh le chéile, they are not on speaking terms; an t-ainm is breaghtha amuigh, the finest name of all; bhí sé amuigh air go, it was said of him that, etc. amuillidh, g. id., pl. -idhe, f., a trifle, a trick, amusement. an- (aspirates), neg. prefix un-, in-, not-; prefixed to nouns often it signifies bad or evil; cf. use of an in words like anfhlaitheas and anduine, which see. an, intens. prefix very, when prefixed to adjectives, as tá an lá an-bhog, the day is very soft; great, when prefixed to substantives, as bhí an-lá againn, we had a great day (pron. ana very generally). an, def. art., gsf. na, pl. na (aspirates nom. sing. f. and m. sing. gen., eclipses g. pl.); the, sometimes also not translated into English, as an bás, death in general; is uaigneach an rud an bás, death is a lonesome thing; but fuair sé bás, he died; talamh na hÉireann, the land of Ireland. an is often used in close combination with preps., especially those ending with a vowel, as do'n or don, i san, 's an or san, i sna or 's na, ó'n or ón, gus an, leis an, do na or do sna. an, interr. part., whether? sign of interrogation (eclipses): before past tense becomes ar in reg. verbs, and aspirates. án, a., noble; pure, pleasant; elegant. ána, g. id., f., nobility, prosperity. anabaidh, a., immature, unripe; also, very ripe (an, intens. prefix, meaning very). anach, -aigh, pl. -aighe, m., a path, a road, a pass; often in place names. See eanad. anacail, -cla, f., quiet, rest; protection; act or guarding, defending. See anacal. anachain, g. -e and -chna, f., harm, damage, calamity; a. do dhéanamh ar . . . to do harm to; "níl maith 'san seanchus nuair bhíos an anachain déanta," "there is no use in talking when harm is done " (the word is accented in second syllable. M.). anacair, -cra, pl. id., f., affliction, calamity, distress (of mind or body), inconvenience; cf. i nanacair chroidhe 'gus brón, in distress of heart and in sorrow (Eoghan Cóir, a song). anacal, -ail, m., act of protecting, deliverance; mercy, quarter, safety. anaclaim, -cail and -cal, v. tr., I protect, safeguard. See ainicim. anacra, g. id., f., distress, misery. See anacair. anacrach, -aighe, a., miserable. wretched, awkward. anádh, -áidh, m., misfortune, anaflóid, -e, -idhe, f., a fish with a large cloven breast (Ker.). anaghaidh (i n-aghaidh), against, before, with hostile intent; with g. or with poss. prn. before aghaidh. See aghaidh. anagarr, -airr, m., corrupted matter, organic matter in a very advanced state of decay. anaice le, i n-aice le, near, beside. See aice. anaiceadh, -cthe, pl. id., m., a purification. anaicim, -ceadh, imper., -aic, v. tr., I save, protect, purify. See ainicim. anaim, I wait, remain, etc. See fanaim. anáird, -e, f., an unsettled state, perversion, disorder. anáirde (i n-áirde), on high, up, above. See áirde. anairt, -e, -eacha, f., coarse, homespun linen, canvas. anaithe (prop. anfadh), g. id., a storm, an atmospheric disturbance, fear, terror, consternation, the result of terror, as fast breathing, wild looks, etc., a state of terror. anaithnid, a., unknown. anál, -áile, -álach and -ála, f. (somet. m. in Don.), the breath, breathing; ag tarraing na hanálach, taking one's time, going slowly (drawing one's breath), also, drawing the last breath, dying. análach, -aighe, f., a chronicle, annals. See ann at a. an-all, a., very great, vast, tremendous. anall, ad., hither, to this side, over in this direction, (to) here, thenceforward; anonn 's anall, backwards and forwards, hither and thither, here and there. anallód (i n-allód), adv., of yore, of the olden time. See allód. análughadh, -uighthe, m., breathing; in grammar, the aspiration of a letter. análuighim, -ughadh, and -áladh, v. intr., I breathe; I aspirate (in grammar). anam, g. anma, anama, pl. (anama?), anmanna, f., but nom. is usually m., soul, life; vigour, activity; is luachmhar an t-anam, life is precious; ag rith le n-'anam, running for the bare life; i mbárr an anama, id. (Mayo); i dtáiniste an anama, id. (M.). an-am, m., indec., an unseasonable time, non-season; i n-am agus i n-an-am, in season and out of season. anamhain, -mhna, v. n.f., act of remaining. See fanamhain. anamamhail, -mhla, a., lively, vigorous (the word may be applied to a beast as well as to a man). anam-cháirdeas, -dis, m., friendship. anam-chara, -charad, -cháirde, m. and f., a soul-friend, a confessor. an-aoibh, -e, f., discomfort, distress. an-aoibhe, g. id., f., discomfort, distress, unpleasantness; an-aoibheacht, id. anaoibhinn, -bhne, a., unpleasant, unhappy, calamitous. anaosta, a., not aged, young; also, very old. an-ársaidh, -e, a., not aged, young; also, very old, ancient. anascair, -e, a., rough, coarse, uncouth. anbha, a., prodigious, great, terrible. anbhás, -áis, pl. id., m., a sudden, violent death. anbhfainne, g. id., f., weakness, exhaustion; anbhfann, -ainne, id. anbhfios, g. -feasa and -fis, m., ignorance; want of knowledge; lucht an ainbhfeasa, all the ignorant (O'Gall.). anbhfiosach, -aighe, a., ignorant, without knowledge. anbhlasadh, -sta, m., great taste, over-liking (Kea.) (also an-bhlaiseadh) anbhreath, -eithe, f., an unjust sentence, a condemnation. anbhroid, -roide, f., captivity, great tyranny, slavery; dire distress. anbhruith, -e, m., soup, broth (pron. anairthe in nom. and gen.). anbhuaine, g. id., f., unsteadiness, dismay. anbhuaineach, -nighe, a., full of care (P. O'C.). anbhuan, -aine, a., unsteady. ancháineadh, g. -nighthe, -nte, m., blasphemy, slander, reviling. anchainnt, -e, pl. -eacha, f., a railing, a reviling. ancaire, g. id., pl. -ridhe, f., an anchor; a wooden tub, an "anker." ancaire, g. id., pl. -ridhe, m., a hermit, an anchorite. anchaitheamh, m., ill-use of time, etc. See caitheamh. anchás, -áis, m., a bad case, trouble. an-chlaon, -aoine, a., very much addicted to, very perverse. anchonda, indec. a., of or belonging to a mastiff, wolf-dog, etc.; brave, valiant. anchondacht, -a, f., the audacity of a mastiff; bravery, valour. anchroidhe, g. id., m., malevolence; tré olc agus tré anchroidhe, through malice and an evil disposition (Kea., F. F.). anchrothach, -aighe, a., ugly, misshapen. anchruth, -chrotha, m., deformity. anchú. See onchú. anchuid, -choda, f., an excessive part or share; rather much; a great many, with gen. anchúmtha, a., deformed. an-chúram, -aim, m., excessive care, solicitude. andaidh! andaoi! interj., really! (M.). a ndé, also i ndé, adv., yesterday. See dia. a ndiaidh (i n-diaidh), adv., after, behind (of place); tá mé a ndiaidh mo chíos d'íoc, I have just paid my rent (Con.); a ndiaidh a chéile, after each other, one after another. See diaidh. an-díoghaltach, -aighe, a., very revengeful. andiu (indiu), adv., today. See dia and indiu. andóchas, -ais, m., presumption. an-doircheacht, -a, f., the darkness of nightfall. androbhlás, -áis, pl. id., m., excessive squandering. an-duairceas, -cis, pl. id., m., great sorrow, discontent, disagreeablenoss. andúil, -e, f., avidity, inordinate desire. anduine, g. id., pl. -daoine, m., a wicked man (the d is silent in U.) ané, anéi (a ndé, i ndé), yesterday. See dia. an eadh, is it? forsooth! anfach. See anfadhach. anfadh, -aidh, m., storm, a tempest, a disturbance in the elements; fear, terror (pron. anaice, which see); le hanfadh ngaoithe, by a storm (Kea., F. F.). anfadhach, -dhaighe and -faighe, a., stormy; overflowing; terrible. anflach, -aigh, -aighe, m., a sea monster (Ker.). anfhlaith, -atha, pl. id., m., a tyrant, an usurper; "an t-anflaith Tuirgéis" (Kea.). anfhlaitheach (-fhlathach), -thighe (-thaighe), a., tyrannical. anfhlaitheas, -this, -theasa, m., tyranny; dominion, predominance. anfhochain (anachain), -e, f., harm, damage, calamity. anfholláin, -e, a., unwholesome. an-fholláin, -e, a., very wholesome. anfhorlann, -ainn, m., violence, oppression, onslaught. anga, g. id., pl. -gacha, f., a net; a notch in wood (also eang, --a, anghábhadh, m., what is unnecessary; b'anghábhadh dóibh é, it was needless for them. See gábhadh. angcaire, f., an anchor. See ancaire. anglais, -e, f., milk and water; any diluted or inferior liquor; a. té, bad or ill-made tea (also eanglais). anglait, -e, -idhe, f., the cat-fish (Ker.). aniar, ad., from the west, eastwards (with motion), from behind, from a position of lying down in bed to a position of sitting up; do shuidh sé aniar 'san leabaidh, he sat up in bed; up, over (U. and Mea.); ex., 'nuair a d'amhairc sé aniar 'sé dhruid mé uadh siar, when he looked over I moved back from him; tá mála aniar air, he has a bag on his back. aníos, (with motion) from below, up, upwards; up to the point at which the speaker is supposed to be. aniu, aniudh, aniugh (indiu), today. See dia. an-lasánta, indec. a., very passionate, violent, impulsive, an-lúthgháireach, -righe, a., overjoyed. an-mhacnas, -ais, m., excessive desire, lust. anmhain, -e, -amhna (anamhain, fanamhain), f., act of remaining, delaying. See fanmhain. anmhian, -mhéine, -mhianta, f., concupiscence, lust, sensuality. anmhianach, -aighe, a., sensual, lustful, fond of dainties. ann, pronoun comp. with i, " in it," there, used to express existence with atáim; atá Dia ann, God exists, there is a God; is breágh an aimsear atá ann, this is fine weather we have; annso, here; annsoin, annsúd, there; is ann daoibh, it is your custom; annsain, emphatic. annála, g. -ach, annals; pl., also annálaigh and annálacha (Kea.) annamh, g. id., m. (adj. used as noun), a rare occasion; gach annamh, every rare occasion; is annamh bhíos tláith, seldom are they downcast (Kea.). annamh, seldom, rare; an rud is annamh is iongantach, seldom seen is wonderful; is annamh domhnach, there is scarce a Sunday. annamhacht, -a, f., rareness, scarcity, fewness of times. annla, g. id., pl. -aidhe and -adha, m., a haunch, the leg, a leg (of mutton). annlann, -ainn, m., sauce, condiment, pickles; applied to fish, meat, etc., taken with bread; is maith an t-annlann an t-ocras, hunger is a good sauce; liach ime uaiste d'annlann, a measure of butter upon it for condiment (Kea., F. F.). annósach, -aighe, a., unusual. annósmhar, -aire, a., out of the common. annracht, -a, f., the highest degree of poetry next to the ollamh; great grief, fit of crying. annsa, irreg. comp. of ionmhuin, a., dear, fond; is annsa leis, he prefers; an bhean is annsa liom féin, the woman I love best (Fer.) annsa, g. id., f., affection. See annsacht. annsacht, -a, f., affection, love; a darling; annsacht mná, a darling woman. annscian, -scine, -sceana, f., a wild, desperate man. annsin, annsoin, pr. ad., in that; then, there, thereupon. annso, pr. ad., here; in this. anocht, ad., tonight. anoir (with motion), from the east, westward, towards where the speaker is supposed to stand. anois, ad., now; anois beag, anois díreach, just now; 's eadh anois, 's eadh anois is dóigh, well indeed! very well! anonn, ad., thither, to that side, over yonder, beyond, in that direction; anonn 's anall, backwards and forwards, hither and thither; anonn 'san oidhche, late at night; níos fuide anonn sa' leabhar, further on in the book (Con.); lá is sia anonn 'ná an lá indiu, at a later date than today, in the remote future. anordaidheacht, -a, f., inordinateness; want of restraint or moderation. anordughadh, -uighthe, m., absence of order. anorduighthe, p. a., unrestrained, immoderate. anradh, -aidh, pl. id., m., a warrior, hero; a champion. anrait, -e, f., linen (Mayo, C. S., vol. II., p. 354). See anairt. anrath, g. id., m., misfortune, decrease, ill-luck. See droch-rath. anró (anrógh), g. id., and -róigh, m., persecution, misery, distress, hardship; severe weather. anróghach, -aighe, a., miserable, wretched, distressing. anróighteach, -tighe, a., miserable, wretched. ansamhlacht, -a, f., incomparability. anshásta, a., unsatisfying, displeased. anshástacht, -a, f., uneasiness, dissatisfaction, anscuiche, pl., immovable rocks (Ker.). ansmacht, -a, m., tyranny. anshocair, a., uncomfortable, unsteady (Kea.). anshógh, -óigh, m., misery, destitution. anshóghach, -aighe, a., miserable, wretched, uncomfortable. anshúgach, -aighe, a., cheerless. an t-, def. art., the form used before m. nouns beginning with vowel in nom. and acc., as tá an t-airgead ar an gclár; before gen. of m. nouns beginning with s, as tigh an tsagairt; also before f. nouns beginning with s in nom. and acc.: do shníomh sé an tslat. an tan, when? an tan so, now; an tan soin, then. antlás, -áis, pl. id., m., merriment, amusement; greed; trouble, vexation. antlásach, -aigh, pl. id., a facetious, merry fellow; a greedy person. antoil, -oile, also -ola, f., excessive desire, self-will, pleasure, evil disposition. antoileach, -lighe, wilful, stubborn. antoileamhail, -mhla, a., wilful, obstinate; lustful, sensual. antoilim, v. tr., I lust after. antoisctheach, -thighe, a., extreme; bochtacht a., extreme poverty Kea.; unawares, unexpected (P. O'C.). antráth, -a, m., an unseasonable time; i n-a., at an unseasonable time, too late, untimely; in phr. i n-am is i n-antráth, in season and out of season. antráthach, -aighe, a., untimely, unseasonable. antráthamhail, -mhla, a., just in time, very timely; also untimely. antrom, -truime, a., very heavy, oppressive, grievous. antrom, -truime, f., sorrow, oppression. anthruid, -e, f., home-made linen; used in making coarse sheets; tá sé chómh leathan le anthruid naoi gcéad, he is as proud as a quilt of 900 threads (Con.). See anairt. Antuaidh, -e, f., Antioch. (In folktales, somet. Antoil, -e.) an-uabhar, -air, m., great pride. an-uaibhreach, -righe, a., very proud. an-uaill, f., inordinate pride. an-uaill (an-uall), -e, f., a great shout. an uair, anuair (usually 'nuair or nuair,), conj., when; because, since. anuaisle, g. id., f., baseness, ignobleness; also great nobility. anuaisleacht, -a, f., baseness, ignobleness; lowness of station. anuas, ad., down, downwards, from above (with motion); with ar, resting on; an t-éadach atá air, the clothes he wears; an t-éadach atá anuas air, the bed-clothes that cover him; do tháinig sé anuas fiche punt, he lowered his demand by twenty pounds; ag dul suas is anuas leat, contending with you on terms of equality; caidé an suas is anuas a bhí agat leis, why did you give him tit for tat? ní chuirfinn mé féin suas is anuas léi, I wouldn't place myself on an equality with her. anuasal, -aisle, a., ignoble; also very noble. an-uathbhásach, -aighe, a., terrible, dreadful, awful. anumhla, g. id., f., disobedience. anumhlacht, -a, f., disobedience; unwillingness. anuraidh, ad., last year; during last year; in the course of last year; pron. anuiridh, M. aobh, g. aoibhe, f., cheerfulness. aobhdha, indec. a., comely, beautiful; cheerful, pleasant. aobhdhacht, -a, pleasantness; delight; beauty. Aodh, -a, m., a man's name, Hugh. Aodhagán, -áin, m., a man's name, as Aodhagán Ua Rathaille. Aodhaidín, m. (little Aodh, Hugh), Hughie. aodhaire, aoghaire, g. id., pl. -readha, -ridhe and -ridhthe, a herd, a pastor, a guard. aogóideach (agóideach), -dighe, a., quarrelsome (E. R.). aoi, g. id., f. respect, honour; science, literature, poetry. aoibhe, g. id., f., civility, kindness; neatness, elegance; pleasantness. See aobh. aoibheal, -bhil, pl. id., m., fire, a spark of fire; ná séid aoibheal gan fhadughadh, do not blow a spark that is not kindled. Aoibheall, f., the bean sidhe of the Dalcassians, who was supposed to dwell at Carraiglea (cf., Aoibheall na Carraige Léithe). aoibhill, -e, a., pleasant, merry, joyous. aoibhill, -e, f., act of frisking (Don.). aoibhinn, -bhne, a., delightful, pleasant, beautiful; is aoibhinn dó, it is well for him. aoibhneach, -nighe, a., glad, happy. aoibhneas, -neasa and -nis, m., delight, delightfulness, joy, pleasure, gladness; landscape beauty; joy from external objects, as distinct from áthas, joy from internal considerations. aoibhneas, m., act of amusing oneself; ag ól is ag aoibhneas, drinking and amusing themselves (E. E.). aoide. See íde. aoidhe, g. id., pl. -eadha, m., a guest, a traveller, a stranger; dpl., aoidheadhaibh (Kea.) (also aoighe). aoidheacht, -a, f., hospitality, entertainment; teach aoidheachta, a tavern, a house of entertainment. aoidheachtach, -aighe, a., hospitable; pertaining to a guest aoidheachtacht, -a, f., hospitality, entertainment for travellers. aoighe, g. id., pl. aoighidhe, dpl. aoigheadhaibh, m., a guest. See aoidhe. aoighidheacht, -a, f.; see aoidheacht. aoil-chneas, -chnis, m., a fair white skin. aoil-chneis, -e, pl. -idhe, f., a fair lady. aoileach, g. aoiligh, m., dung, manure; a dunghill; carn aoiligh, a dung-heap; aoileach eallaigh, farmyard manure. aoilseog, -oige, -oga, f., a caterpillar (nom. also aillseog). aoin-, in comp. = aon (often written éin-), one; aoinneach, any one; aoin-fhear, any man, one man. aoin-chiall, -chéille, f., agreement of judgment. aoin-dícheall, -chill, m., one continuous effort. Aoine, g. id. and Aoineach, pl. -nte, f., Friday; fasting, abstinence; dia hAoine, on Friday; Ceadaoin(e) f., Wednesday; Diardaoin, f., Thursday; Diardaoin Deasghabhála, Ascension Thursday; Aoine an Chéasta, Good Friday. aoinfheacht (éinfheacht), m., one time, once; in phr., i n-aoin-fheacht, together; i n-aoinfheacht le, together with. aoinfhear, -fhir, m., one man, a sole man; comhrac aoinfhir, single combat, duel; aon fhear, any man, with neg., no man. (Kea.) aoin-ghein, -e, f., the only Begotten. aoin-intinn (éin-intinn), -ne, f., one mindedness, one mind. aoinne, g. id., m., any one, any person (also éinne). aoinneach (éinneach), m., anybody, any one. aoinnídh (éinnídh) -neithe, m., anything, at all; with neg., nothing, aoin-stiúrthóir, -óra, -óiridhe, m., sole director. aoin-tigheas, -ghis m., a living under one roof, a dwelling together, cohabitation. aoin-tseirc, -tseirce, f., special love. aoirde, g. id., f., height, stature; dá aoirde, howsoever high. aoire, g. id., pl. -ridhe, m., a satirist. aoirim, -readh, v. tr., I satirise, abuse. See aoraim. aois, -e, pl. id., f., age, era, century, an age; d'aois, of age (so many years old); ciall le cois na haoise, sense with age; ní thagann ciall roimh aois, sense does not come before age. aoitheodh, m., the crisis in fever (corruption of faothughadh.) aol, g. aoil, pl. aolta, m., lime; a very bright colour. aoladh, -ta, m., act of growing pale or white. aolaim, -adh, v. tr., I lime, whitewash, plaster, intr., I grow pale. aol-bhrat, -bhruit, pl. id., m., a lime-white cloth, canvas. aol-bhrugh, -bhruigh, pl. id., m., a lime-white mansion, a fair dwelling. aol-chorp, -chuirp, pl. id., m., a lime-white body, a fair body. aol-chrobh, -chroibh and -chruibh, pl. id., -chrobha and -chrobhacha, m., a lime-white fair hand (from fingers to wrist). aol-chrothach, -aighe, a., of lime-white appearance, of beautiful form; as subs., a beautiful person. aolda, indec. a., lime-white, fair, beautiful; whitewashed, lime-washed. aol-dath, -a, pl., -anna, m., lime-colour. aol-ghoradh, -rtha, m., act of lime-burning. aol-loscadh, -ctha, m., act of lime-burning, kiln-drying. aolmhach (aolbhach), -aighe, a., lime-white, beautiful. aolmhar, -aire, a., lime-white, fair, beautiful; containing lime. aol-phíob, -phíbe, f., a lime-white throat. aoluighim, -ughadh, v. tr., I whitewash, plaster. See aolaim. aomaim, -adh, v. tr., I bend, incline, attract. aon (in comp. aon-, aoin-), one, a single one, only, the only (often with amháin); the one, the same, any; at all, with neg. no, none, not any: aon is fiche, aon ar fhichid, twenty-one; aon duine, aon neach, any one, anybody; with neg., no one, nobody; aon eile, another; aon lá amháin, one day, once upon a time; aon le, together with; aon nídh, anything; with neg., nothing; aon uair, aon uair amháin, once, once upon a time; ar aon, together; mar aon, along with, together with; gach aon, every one. aon is sometimes accented, and forms one word with the following nouns, as: bhíomar araon ar aon-scoil, we both attended the same school; comhrac aon-fhir, single combat; but it is not accented in phrases like ní haon mhaitheas duit bheith ag cainnt, there is no use in your talk; níl agam acht aon scilling amháin, I have but a single shilling, and should then be regarded as a separate word. The accentuation of aon takes place when emphasis is to be laid on the singleness, unity, or identity of the idea conveyed by the following word; thus, níl aon bhrígh leis an bhfocal sain, that word has no meaning; but aoin-bhrígh is eadh atá leis an dá fhocal, both words have one and the same meaning. In the first of these two sentences aon is not emphasised, and should not form one word with brígh. If the word amháin follow in the sentence it sometimes takes the emphasis off aon. aon was in the 16th century, and is in modern times, often written éan, and in compounds aoin becomes éin. an objection to these forms is this, that frequently in poetry aon has to be pronounced aoin (with broad n), which is a recognised sound of ao in Con. and U.; but the spelling éan does not lend itself to that sound. aonach, -aigh, pl. -aighe and aontaighe, g. pl. aontach, m., a fair; an assembly; a meeting; a hostile gathering; aonach Tailteann, the fair of Tailte (Kea.). aon-adharcach, -aighe, a., one-horned; unicorn. aonaigheacht, -a, f., attendance at fairs. aonair (prop. gs. of aonar), a., alone, lonely. aonar, -air, m., singleness; one person alone; im aonar, I alone, by myself; id aonar, you alone, by yourself, etc. (gs., aonair, used commonly as adj., fear aonair, one or a single man). aonarach, -aighe, a., lonely, alone. aonarán, -áin, pl. id., m., a solitary person, one alone by himself. aonaránach, -aighe, a., alone, solitary, destitute. aonaránta, indec. a., alone, solitary. aonardha, indec. a., solitary, single, lonely. aonardhacht, -a, f., loneliness, singularity. aon-bhall, -bhaill and -bhoill, m., one spot; ar a., i n-a., in onn place together; níl sé i n-a., it is nowhere. aon-bhárr, -áirr, pl. id.; m., unique supremacy. aon-chás, -áis, m., sole cause, etc. See cás. aon-choill, f., one wood, a continuous wood. aon-chorp, -chuirp, m., singleness, earnestness; le ha. díoghrais, with earnestness of zeal (E. R.) aon-chosach, -aighe, a., one-legged, single-footed. aon-chú, g. -chon, pl. -choin, dpl. -chonaibh, f., a chief hound (said of a prince), sometimes in a disparaging sense. aonda (aonta), a., simple, singular, particular, unmixed, single, unmarried, inviolate; pósta is aonda, married and single. aondacht, -a, f., unity, agreement. aon-dath, -datha, m., the same colour. aondathach, -aighe, a., of one colour. aon-déag, num. eleven. aonduine (aoinne and éinne), g. id., m., one person, any one; with neg. no one, nobody. aon-fhear, -fhir, pl. id., m., chief man or husband; any man, one man, gen. used as a.; comhrac aoin-fhir, single combat. aon-fheidhm, f., a single united effort; d'a., of set purpose. aon-fhocal, -ail, m., one word; agreement; bhíomar ar a., we were in agreement. aon-fhoirm, -fhuirme, f., uniformity. aon-ghealt, -gheilt, m., a very mad person. aon-ghnó, in phr., d'aon ghnó bhíos, "on purpose" I was, I meant it for a deliberate joke (pron. d'ao-ghnó); d'aon ghnó chugat a bhíos, I was only joking at your expense. Aonghus, -a, m., Angus. aon-ghuth, -ghotha, m., one voice; i n-a. le, in unison with; d'aon-ghuth, unanimously. aon-láithreachas, -ais, m., association, constant presence. aon-leanbh, -leinbh, m., an only child; the Only Begotten Son. aon-leannán, -áin, pl. id., m., chief or only love. aon-mhac, -mhic, m., with art., the only Son of God. aonmhadh, ord. of aon, one, used in composite numerals; aonmhadh déag, eleventh; aonmhadh ar fhichid, twenty-first. aonrach, -aighe, a., lonely. See aonarach. aonracánach, -aighe, a., desolate, lonely. aonracánacht, -a, f., solitude, desolation. aonraic, -aca, m., one person, a person alone or without help; tá mé 'm'aonraic, I am alone or helpless (Con.). aonránach, -aighe, a., lonely. See aonaránach. aonta, indec. a., single, untouched, etc. See aonda. aontach, -aighe, a., willing, of one mind. aontacht, -a, f., unity, agreement. aontadh, -ttha, m., consent, suffrage, willingness; license, permission; celibacy. See aonta. aontadhach, -aighe (aontach), a., willing, of one mind, agreeable. aon-taobh, -taoibhe and -taoibh, m. and f., the same side; d'aont. together. aontas, -ais, m., consent, willingness. aon-toil, g. -oile and -ola, f., agreement, one mind. aon-toisc, -toisce, f., one common purpose; d'aon-toisc, of set purpose, deliberately. See coifc. aontughadh, -tuighthe, m., act of assenting; consent, agreement. aontuighim, -ughadh, v. intr., I assent to, consent, agree (with le or ar; or without prep.: do aontuigh Sadhbh a marbhadh, Sadhbh consented to its being killed (Tor. D. agus G.). aon-tuigsint, -e, f., the same mind or understanding. aontuigthe, p. a., united, agreed; of one purpose. aontuigtheach, -thighe, a., willing, voluntary. aontuma, g. id., f., continence (Kea.). aon-turas, -ais, one single journey; i n-a., ad., purposely, of set purpose. aon-uaim, d'aon-uaim, of one report, at one time, all together. aon uair, adv., once, one time; aon uair amháin, once, once upon a time; aon uair, at any time; aon uair is maith leat, whenever you like. aon-úim: i n-a., purposely, of set purpose (Con., spelling phonetic). See aon-uaim. aor, aoir, pl. id., m., a lampoon, a personal attack in prose or verse; a satire, a curse. aorach (aereach), -aighe, a., airy; beautiful; light, gay. aorach, -aighe, a., satirical, sarcastic. aoradh, -rtha, m., act of reviling, abusing, satirising. aoraidhe, g. id., pl. -aidhthe, m., a herdsman, a guard. aoraim, -adh, v. tr., I satirise, I curse, I abuse, revile. aorp, -a, pl. id., m., an aim; thug sé aorp air, he took aim at it (Der.) = oidhirp of Scotch Gaelic. aos, g. aosa, pl. id., m., people, folk; generation; people of the same profession or craft; age, old age (poet.); aos léighinn, students; an t-aos óg, the youthful generation; aos dána, poets; aos grádha, lovers; aos céirde, artists; aos cumainn, dear friends; aos seanma, playing and singing folk; aos anuasal, an ignoble race (Kea., F. F.); aos seanma ma gcláirseach, harpers (id.); urmhór aosa seanma na hÉireann, the greater part of the singing folk of Ireland (id.). aos occurs also in tribal or territorial names, as aos Gréine (Co. Limerick), aos Trí Maighe (same county). aosach, -aighe, a., old, ancient (this word occurs in some versions of Kea., F. F.). aosánach, -aigh, pl. id., m., a young person. aosmhar, -aire, a., aged; "nárbh'aosmhar i n-aois," who were not old in years (O'Ra.), aosta, p. a., old, aged, worn-out. aosuighim, -ughadh, v. intr., I grow old, I arrive at a given age; ó d'aosuighis bliadhain, since you were a year old; ó d'aosuighis suas, since you grew up. ápa, g. id., pl., -paidhe and -panna and -padha, m., an ape. ápais, -e, -idhe, f., a likeness, representation, mimicry, or mocking. aprún, -úin, pl. id., m., an apron. apuidh, apuigh. See abaidh. apuidheacht, -a, f., ripeness, maturity, ripening, fruit. See abaidheacht. ar, g. air, m., tillage, ploughing, husbandry. ar,pos.pr., our (eclipses); emph. ar . . . . ne. ár, g., áir, m., slaughter, plague, misery; the slain; gs., áir (used as adj.) raispín áir, a miserable wretch. ar = óir, conj., because, for. ar (a ro), rel.prn. (aspirates), used in past tense for a, who, which, whom, that, all who, all which, etc.; ar mhairbh sé, all whom he killed; i n-ar or 'n-ar, in which; ag ar, by which. ar, defect, v., he says, said, quoth, they say, etc. (quoting the exact words), ar sé, he says (Kea.); in sp. l., arsa Tomás, says Thomas; arsa mise, said I; ars'an rí, said the king. ar, interr. particle = an ro (aspirates), used in past tense for an, whether? if? ar (air), prep. [in pronoun combinations orm, ort, air (m.), uirthe or uirthi (f.), orainn (emph. poet. óirne), oraibh, ortha (orra)], on, upon, used with or without article to express various adverbial relations; of time: ar maidin, in the morning; ar uairibh, at times; of place: ar muir nó ar tír, on land or at sea; of mode (with vbs.): ar baille-chrith, tremblingly (shaking in all the limbs); ar leathadh, open; ar crochadh, hanging; ar siubhal, walking; similarly before nouns, as, cur ar cáirde, to put off for a time; ar comhairce, in the care of; of cause: ar mhéid a ghliocais, by reason of his great cleverness; ar an adhbhas sain, for that reason; after verbs of motion and verbs like cur, tabhairt, déanamh, gabháil, and verbs of feeding on, praying to, appealing to, complaining, threatening, hindering, refusing, etc.: rugas air, I seized him; fillim air, I return to him (id.); sileadh ar an dtalamh, to drop on the ground; after cur it governs words like eagla, aighneas, troid, cuing, fios, cúram, etc., as, ag cur cúraim air, giving him something in change; after déanamh it governs words like faire, leigheas, guidhe, trócaire, machtnamh, fromhadh, lot, as, déan trócaire orm, have mercy on me; after tabhairt it governs words like amus, táir, ainm, etc., cad é an ainm a thug sé ort? by what name did he call you? after gabháil, very frequently used to denote passion, emotion felt by a person; tá eagla orm, I fear; tá easbaidh air, he is in want; similarly it is used to express favours conferred on, knowledge about, hatred of, power over, etc.; in such uses ag and ar are often co-relative; tá meas agam air, I esteem him; tá airgead agam ort, you owe me money; tá troigh agam air, I am a foot taller than he is, etc. In phrases like ar fud (fuaid), throughout; ar fud, ar leithead, ar aoirde, in length, in breadth, in height, etc.; for, in respect of: ní féidir é shárughadh ar bhreaghthacht, it is unsurpassed in (or as regards) beauty; a peculiar use: gach suan-phort ar áilleacht 's ar bhinneas, each lulling melody the loveliest and the sweetest (O'Ra.); among: tá sé ar na fearaibh is feárr, he is one of (among) the best men; for the sake of: ar a shon sain, for that reason; ar son Dé, for God's sake; it denotes sometimes opposition, infliction of pain, etc., after subst. verb and words like cur, as, atá mo chroidhe ag cur orm, my heart is paining me, I ache at heart; atá sé ag cur orm, he is prevailing over me; cad tá ort? what ails you? táim ar mo theicheadh, I am "on the run," trying to escape being caught; ar mo choimeád, hiding from my pursuers; bheadh sé air é dhéanamh, he would have to do it; bheadh sé air aige é dhéanamh, 'twould take him all his time to do it; ar beagán talmhan, with but little land; tá an saoghal ag teacht ar feabhas, the world is improving [ar breis (Wat.)]; níl sé ar foghnamh, he is unwell; ar ball, by-and-by, presently; somet. ar an mball, on the spot, immediately; ar uairibh, at times; ar uainibh, by turns (Kea.); ar dtúis (dtús), at first; ar tosach, first, leading. ar, prep., used for iar, after (eclipses, but aspirates in Con. sp. l.; used before present participles; ar dteacht a bhaile dóibh, after they had come home, when they had come; ar ndul a chodladh dóibh, when they had gone to sleep. ar (iar) with pros. part, corresponds to the pluperfect tense. See iar and ar (prep.), to, for. ara, interj., tut, now, really, then, truly; used at the beginning of a clause in an expostulatory or deprecating sense, and largely employed by speakers of English: "Have you recovered?" and in Kerry gen. pron. dhearú and a Dhia arú (ara in M. and U. is generally arú or airiú; arú in Don.). ara, g. id., pl. aranna and araidhe; gpl. arann, m., a page, a lackey; a charioteer; the agent of an action, one given to a certain line of action, as ara na bpóg, ara an óil, etc. ára, f., the loin; a dhuine na n-árann, friend of my heart (this word has the first syllable long in sp. l.). árach, -aigh, m., a fishing weir (Ker.). árach, -aigh m., security, guarantee; help; hope, opportunity, chance; i n-árach, in reliance on; iarr árach ar, have recourse to; níl aon árach aige air, he has no help for it; cia rachas i nárach fáilte an scéil do scríobhadh, who can be relied on to write the generosity of the story (M'D.); ní raibh árach aige acht, he could not avoid, etc. (Kea., F. F.). árachas, -ais, m., might, power, insurance. arad, a., strong, brave, noble; in compound, an Arad-mhac, the Divine Son. (Is it the same as árd?) aradhain, -dhna, pl. id., in pl. reins, a bridle. aradhain uilc, abuse, conceit, severe treatment (P. O'C.). aradhnach, -aighe, a., suffering; fad-a., long-suffering (pron. araoinach). aradhnacht, -a, f., suffering; fad-a., long-suffering. araicis, the pronunciation of the word airchis in Con., and U. See airchis. araidhe, g. id., m., the lower tie or cross-stay in house roofing (Don.). araile, another, each other; 7 araile, etcetera. arán, aráin, pl. id., m., bread, loaf; subsistence, employment; arán greadaille, griddle bread; arán cruithneachta, wheaten bread; arán plúir, flour bread. aránach, -aighe, a., alimentary. arann, intelligence, perception; gan mheabhair, gan arann (C.S. vol. II., page 322). áranna, pl. of ára, the loins. See ára. araoir, aréir, last night. araon = ar aon, together, both, each (of two). aras, fairy-thorn (Don.). arbh = ar bha, was he? was this? etc. arbhar, -air, m., corn (growing or before it is threshed); generally pron. arúr in M. arc, g. airc, pl. id., m. (also f.), a chest, a coffer; the last little pig of a litter, a dwarf, a lizard, a diminutive creature of any kind. See airc. archaingeal, -gil, -gle, m., an archangel. archeana, ad., in general; henceforth; besides; likewise. See arc luachra, g. id., f., an eft, a newt, a lizard; alp luachra, id.; aluachra, g. id., pl. -idhe, f., a lizard (Galway); eas luachra, a lizard (W. Ker.) See earc. arcra g. id., pl. -aidhe, f., an eclipse. archú, -chon, -choin, m. and f., a chained or fierce dog. árd, gsf. áirde and aoirde, a., high, tall, loud, noble, mighty; ós árd, on high, openly, aloud, publicly; árd-chor, authority. árd, high, etc. (often placed before noun to intensify meaning); bhí árd-lá againn, we had a splendid day; bhí árd-ghreann árd-ghol ann, there was much sport and weeping there. (In deibhidhe the scansion is always ard, i.e. short in quantity.) árd-aigeanta, indec. a., highminded. árd-aigneadh, -nidh, m., a lofty mind. árdálacha, -aighe (?), a., attentive, watchful (Con.). árdán, -áin, pl. id., m., a height, a hill, hillock; a bench, a pulpit, a stage, a terrace. árd-aodhaire, g. id., pl., -ridhe, m., chief steward; head pastor. árd-athair, g. -athar, pl. -athracha, m., a patriarch; ar ré gach árd-athar díobh, on the age of every patriarch of them (Kea., F. F.). árd-bhunadh, -aidh, pl. id., m., a high stock, a noble race. árd-chathair, -chathrach, f., a metropolis, a great city. árd-chomhairle, g. id., pl. -leacha, f., a supreme council or parliament; an excellent advice. árd-chur, -uir, m., chief rent, tribute or impost. árd-fhear, -fhir, pl. id., m., a noble man, a very good man; similarly rí-fhear. árd-fhlaith, g. -atha, pl. id., m., a chief lord. árd-fhlaitheas, g. -this, pl. id., m., chieftainship, chief rule. árd-fhuil, -fhola, pl. -fholanna, f., noble blood or race. árd-ghairm, -arma and -airme, f., a high calling. árd-ghaois, -e, -eacha, f., a liberal art. árd-ghaoisire, g. id., pl. -ridhe, m., a professor or the liberal arts, a master of arts. árd-ghlórach, -aighe, a., loud-mouthed, having a high voice. árd-ghol, -ghuil (g. -gholata in Con.), m., loud weeping. árd-ghuth, -ghotha, m., a loud voice. árd-iachtach, -aighe, f., loud crying. árd-mhagh, g. -mhaighe, -mhaigh, and pl. -mhagha, m. and f., a noble plain. Árd-mhagh Fáil, a poet. name for Ireland. árd-mhaithe, m., pl., principal chiefs, high chiefs. árd-mhaor, -oir m., chief steward. árd-mhaoracht, -a, f., chief stewardship. árd-mhiangus, -uis, m., ambition. árd-mhór, -óire, a., very great, very tall. árd-nós, -óis, -ósa, gpl. -nósann, m., a high, aristocratic fashion. árd-oireachtas, -ais, pl. id., m., a chief convention or assembly. árd-ollamh, g. -aimh and -mhan, pl. id., and -amhain, m., a chief professor, a doctor; árdollamh Éireann re filidheacht, chief professor of poetry in Erin (Kea., F. F.). árd-ollamhantacht, -a, pl. id., f., the office of chief professor or doctor. árdoras, -ais, m., the lintel of a door. See fárdoras. árd-phroinn, f., high diet (Mayo). árd-reann, -reanna, pl. id., f., a high star, a planet. árd-shagart, -airt, pl. id., m., a high-priest. árd-scoil, -e, -eanna, f., a college, a high school, an academy. árd-scoth, -a, pl. -anna, m., a noble race. árd-shuidheadóir, -óra, -óiridhe, m., a president. árd-taoiseach, -sigh, pl. id., m., a chieftain, a colonel. árd-teaghlach, -aigh, pl. id., m., a great hearth-fire, a forge fire; a large household. árd-tighearna, g. id., pl. -aidhe, m., a supreme lord, a sovereign. árdughadh, -uighthe, m., act of exalting, heightening; elevation, promotion, honour. árduighim, -ughadh (in Don. somet. áirdighim), v. tr., I magnify, exalt; raise, lift, hoist; árduigh leat é, take it away with you. árduighthe, p. a., exalted, honoured. aréir, ad., last night. See araoir. a réir (prop. do réir), prep., according to. argaim, vl. argain, v. tr., I rob, plunder (also airgim, cf. do hairgthí. Kea.). argain, -gana and airgne, f., act of plundering; plunder, destruction. argnaim, vl. argain, v. tr., I rob, plunder. See argaim. argthóir, -óra, -óiridhe, m., a destroyer, a robber, a plunderer. árgúint, -e, f., act of arguing (also árgóint). ariamh, ad., ever, always (of the past), with neg. never (better arís, adv., again (the a is separable); in sp. l. often aríst. arloscadh, -oiscthe (in M. sp. l., -oiscighthe), m., act of burning. (Kea.); dul, 'san arm, to go into or join the army. ármhach, -aigh, pl. id., m., an army; slaughter. armach, -aighe, a., warlike; armed, supplied with weapons. ár-mhagh, g. -aigh, -aighe, and -agha, pl. -agha, m. and f., a plain of slaughter, a battlefield; cf. ionad an ár-mhaigh (Kea.). armáil, -ála, pl. id., f., armour, weapons, an armory, act of arming, also army; blame (U.): leig mé a harmáil, I let her be blamed. armáilte, g. id., pl., -tidhe, m., an army (O'R.), armaments. armaim, -adh, v. tr., I arm, I accoutre. armair, -e, pl. id., f., a check, reproof, rebuke, an affront, a chastisement (nom. also armaire). armaireacht, -a, f., a checking or rebuking, act of affronting. armas, -ais, m., arms in heraldry (armuis, f., O'R.); a armus is é tarraingthe ar ór-dhath, his arms drawn in golden colours (Fer., O'Ra., etc.). arm-ghlan, -ghlaine -ghloine, a., of bright weapons. armlann, -ainne, -a, f., an armory. armtha, p. a., armed. armuighim, -ughadh, v. tr., I arm, I accoutre. árnúsach, -aighe, a., high-minded, sportive, irresponsible (of children or animals), Aran; also, snug, well-off. arónta, indec. a., cross, passionate, furious (Wat.) arracht, -a, -aidhe, m., a monster, a spectre. arrachtach, -aigh, pl. id., m., a monster, a spectre; a. fear, a spectre-like old man (E. R.). arrachtach, -aighe, a., mighty, tall, powerful; monster-like, spectral. arrachtas, -ais, m., dignity, greatness, power. árrachtuidhe, g. id., pl. -dhthe, m., a half-naked person, a homeless wanderer, as a hare, fox (W. Ker.). arradh, -aidh, -aidhe, m. and f., an article of merchandise; wares; goods; an item; of persons, an individual; is olc an arradh é, he is a bad person; ní maith an t-arradh an bhréag, a lie is an evil thing; salann is iarann dá arradh na liathann, salt and iron two pieces of goods that do not turn grey. See earradh. arraing, -inge, pl. -ingthe and -ingeacha, f., a dart, a stitch in one's side; convulsions; sharp pain. arsa (defect. v. ar), says, said; in sp. l., arsa Tomás, quoth Thomas, is used for ar Tomás of the written l. generally; "arsa mise," said I. (See ar. def. verb.) ársa, a., old, aged, ancient, antique. ársach, -aigh, pl. id., m., an old man. See ársaidheach. ársacht, -a, f., old age, antiquity; dá a. é, though ancient he be, i.e. in lineage (E. R.). ársaidheach. See ársach. ársaidheacht, -a, f., old age; inveteracy. See ársacht. ársaidhtheoir, -ora. -oiridhe, m., an antiquary, an antiquarian. ársanta, indec. a., old; worn-out (of clothes). arsnéal, -éil, m. See ais-néal. arsnéalach, -aighe, a. See ais-néalach. ársuighim, vl. ársuighe, v. tr., I tell (Innishowen, Der., Omeath, Monaghan, Meath, etc.). Art, g. Airt, m., Art, a personal name; as a., noble, great, generous. art, g. airt, m., a rock; tarraing-art, loadstone. árthrach (áthrach), -aigh pl. -aighe, m., a vessel of any kind; in Waterford understood only of large ships; in Ker. any vessel, a cup, a saucepan, etc. (also árthach, and in Don., ártharach). árthruighim, -ughadh, v. tr. and intr., I set sail, take ship (Ker.). arú. See ara. árus, -uis, pl. id., m., a dwelling-house, a habitation, a room, an apartment. árusach, -aighe, a., habitable, belonging to a house. as (a), prep. [in pronoun combinations asam, asat, as (m.), aiste or aisti (f.), asainn, asaibh, asta; it sometimes becomes a before consonants and prefixes h to vowels, as a hÉirinn, but retains s before the article in sing, and pl., as an dtalamh, as na crannaibh; the relative, as a gcuirthear; the poss. pr., the indef . pr., the demonst. pr., as as mo cheann, as so, as gach], from, out of. after transitive verbs and intransitive of motion, to denote the person or thing from which something is taken or which something leaves, falls from, or arises from, depends on, or is caused by, etc.: d'imthigh sé as an áít, he left the place; tóg do ghadhar as so, take your dog hence; ag tuitim as a chéile, falling asunder; cur as seilbh, to dispossess; as ionad, out of place, dislocated; mé a ghlaodhach as m'ainm, to call me by an abusive name; díol as sain, pay for that; glan as mo radharc, leave my sight; of the object of confidence or trust, tá muinighin agam asat, I have confidence in you; of the grounds, of proof, Is teist as a ghníomharthaibh gur, it is clear from his doings that; often in a pronom. combin. reflecting subject of the verb with or without féin; bhain sé searradh as féin, he stretched his length; chuir sé liúgh as, he shouted; as, 3 sing. mas. pron. comb., is often used impersonally, as éirigh as, give over, cease; ag dul as, getting reduced, declining (opposed to ag teacht chuige (féin), improving, but we say also ag teacht chúiche féin), but dul as, to escape punishment, etc.; beatha do thabhairt as, to lead a life; Cad as é? where is he from, whence is he? adv., as a haithle thereafter (obs.); as so, out of this, hence, from this place; as sin, out of that, thence. as, prep. pr., out of it, or him. See as, prep. as = is, assertive v., is, are (relative form), often used as the ordinary indic. form; as eadh, it is; as truagh, 'tis a pity! See is. as = is, sign of sup. degree. ás (áis), a jot, an ace; ní fhuair sé ás ar bith dá bhárr, he got no good, no advantage from it (O'W., Aran). as, a's = agus, and, as. See agus. as, g. ais, pl. asa and asain, gpl. asan, a shoe, a sandal. asadh, m., act of anchoring a boat or ship (Ker). asaibh, out of you, from you. See as. asainn, out of us, from us. See as. asair, -srach, f., mountain vegetation, heather; bedding for cattle. See easair. asal, -ail, pl. id., m., an ass. asam, prep. pr., 1s., from or out of me. See as, prep. asarlaidheacht, -a, f. (prop. astrolaidheacht), magic, divination by herbs, intoxication; tá a. ag na daoinibh a bhíonns ag cruinniughadh luibheanna l'aghaidh leighis, the people who collect herbs for curing purposes practise divination (Aran). asarluidhe, g. id., pl. -dhthe, m., a conjurer, a magician (prop. astroluidhe) asat, prep. pr., 2 ., from or out of thee. See as, prep. ásc, g. áisc, m., pride. asca, -dh, pl. -idhthe, f., a mountain or bog land producing sedge. See easca. ascaidh, -e, f., a gift, an offering; i n-ascaidh, gratis, as a gift (Uls.) See aisce. ascal, -ail, pl. id., m., a current, the flowing of the tide; a swollen or high sea; a storm; a desperate attack. See eascal. ascall, -aille, f., the armpit; a corner, especially of a field, hence a small territory. See oscall. ascart, -airt, m., wadding for a gun. ascú, g. -con, d. -coin pl. -coin and -cointe, m. and f., an eel. See eascú. asna, g. -dh, pl. -idhe and -cha, also asnaidheacha (M.), f., a rib of the body, a lath. See easna. asnach, -aighe, a., ribbed; ceann-asnach, strong-ribbed (usually cinneasnach). assain (asain), m. pl., greaves. as-suidhim, -dhe, v. intr., I set (as the sun); ag as-suidhe na gréine, at sunset. asta, prep. pr., 3 pl., from or out of them. astal, -ail, pl. id., m., a lath, a chip, a splinter; a pole used in seine-fishing (Ker.). astalughadh, -uighthe, m., poling in seine-fishing (Ker.). asteach (isteach), ad., in, into (of motion, as opposed to astigh, within (of rest). See istigh. astigh, ad., in, within, inside (state of rest). See istigh. astoidhche (istoidhche), ad., at night. astránach (aistearánach), -aigh, -aighe, m., a traveller, a wayfarer. astrolaidheacht, -a, f., astrology, a divining by the stars. astroluidhe, g. id., pl. -dhthe m., a soothsayer, a magician, an astrologer. astuighim. See fastuighim. ath- (aith-), prefix (1) reiterative, re-; (2) intensive, very; (3) negative, in-, un-, dis-, not. at, g. ait, m., a swelling; a crown. áth, g. átha, pl. áthanna, m. (sometimes f. Con.), a ford; an easy vein in a person's character; níl aon áth le fagháil ort, there is no gaining a point on you, you are incorrigible. atha, -dh, m., a creek (Ker.); bhuaileas siar chum an athadh, I journeyed westwards to the creek. atach, -aigh, m., a request, a prayer. athach, -aigh pl. id., m., a giant; a plebeian; a clown; a stammerer; athach droich-bhéarla, a rude impertinent fellow (P. O'C.) See fathach. atáid, atáim, atámaoid, atáimse, ataoi, atáir, atáthar. See atáim. atáim (more generally táim). See parad.; substantive verb, I am, I live, I stay, am found, exist in a particular condition, there is, there exists. This verb is not used as a simple copula like is in the phrase John is a man, a king, etc., we cannot say *tá Seaghán fear, *tá Seaghán rí, we must say tá Seaghán i n-a fhear, tá Seaghán i n-a rígh. The state or condition which the verb de notes is variously expressed, 1st by adject, or past part., or adverb, as atá sé saidhbhir, he is rich; atá sé breoidhte, he is sick; atá sé creachta, he is robbed; táim go maith, I am well; tá sé go hálainn, it is splendid, he is well (i.e. in the best of health); 2nd, by the use of prepositional clauses formed chiefly with the props, i (a), as, tar (ar), ag, fá, tré, etc. With i it expresses the precise state or condition in which the subject is tá sé 'n-a chodladh, he is asleep; tá sé 'n-a shuidhe, he is sitting up; tá sé i n-a fhear, he is a man, has grown to be a man, he is not a mere boy; but is fear é, he is a man essentially, abstracting from all changes and developments; tá sé 'na fhear, seems to imply progress and development or transformation, the result of which it expresses; with ar, in phrases like bheith ar fóghnamh, to be well; bheith ar fiuchadh, to be in a boiling state; bheith ar meisce, to be drunk; with iar (ar), atáim ar n-a m' choimhmeas ré lathaigh, I am put in comparison with mud (Kea.); atáim ar n-a m' chur i neimhní, I am brought to nought (Kea.); with ag it denotes the possessing or having a thing; tá airgead agam, I have money; bíodh deoch agat, have a drink; with verbal nouns after ag it expresses an action just going on; tá sé ag cur sheaca, it is freezing; tá sí ag gol, she is crying; with fá, tré, etc.: atá an áit fá uisce, the place is covered with water; atá an choill tré theinidh, the wood is on fire; with ar, a variety of superlative copula-phrase(?), tá sé ar an bhfile is feárr i n-Éirinn, he is the best poet in Ireland. athainne, g. id., pl. -nidhe and -neacha, f., a red coal, embers; a firebrand. See aithinne. athair, g. athar, pl. athara aithre aithreacha, gpl. atharach aithreach athrach dpl. atharaibh, aithribh, m., a father, an ancestor; athair mór (sean-athair), grandfather; athair céile, athair cleamhna, father-in-law; athair altroma, m., a foster-father; athair baistighe, m., a godfather. (Note. The gen. athara is still used in Achill and elsewhere. athair faoistine, m., a father confessor. athair liath, g. athar liath, m., the mountain sage (salvia verbenaca). athair-lus, g. athar-lus, m., ground ivy. athair nimhe, corrupt for nathair nimhe, which see. athair talmhan, m., yarrow; milfoil. atal, -ail (also aiteal), m., stillness, calmness after a storm, cessation from rain; cheerfulness, pleasantry. atán, -áin, m., a garland, a wreath. athardha, g. id., f., fatherland, patrimony, inheritance. athardha, a., paternal, patrimonial, hereditary. atharghadh, g. id., and -ghaidh, m., adoption. atharrrach, -aigh, -aighe, m., a change, fashion; transformation, alteration; áthrach (U.); níl a a. agam, I have nothing else = malairt M.). atharrughadh 7c. See athrughadh 7c. áthas, -ais, m., gladness, joy, pleasure, enjoyment, satisfaction. áthasach, -aighe, a., glad, delightful; victorious, triumphant. athasc. See aitheasc. atáthars, -as, corrupt forms of atáthar, 3 sing, indef. of atáim; a. ag teacht, some one is coming, etc. ath-bhárr, -áirr, pl. id., m., an after or second crop. atbath, defect, v., pf., (he) died (obs.). athbheodhuighim. See aithbeodhuighim. athchagnaim, -adh, v. tr. and intr., I chew again, I ruminate. athchairt, -e, pl. -eacha, f., a renewal of a charter or lease; an entreaty, a petition; act of entreating, requesting; is gan d'athchairt agam air acht é, while it was my constant request of him. ath-chaithte, a., worn out (of dress). atchí, old form of do-chí, he sees; cond. 3s., atchífeadh still used in parts of Ulster. athchomair, -e, a., near, approximate; concise, compendious; quick, sudden; go ha., suddenly; handy (U.). athchomaireacht (athchoimreacht), -a, f., nearness, approximation; handiness (U.); i n-a. do phúnt, close on a pound. athchomhairle, g. id., f., dissension. athchuinge, g. id., pl. athchuingidhe, f., request, petition, entreaty. athchuingim, -ge, v. tr. (tr. of the request, with ar of the person besought), I beg, entreat, beseech. athchuirim, -chur, v. tr., I expel, reject, send away. athchumadh, -aidh and -adhtha, m., a bend, crook; deformation, confusion. athchumaim, -madh, v. tr., I deform, disfigure. athchur, -chuir and -churtha, m., act of rejecting; expulsion. athdhíolaim, -dhíol, v. tr., I repay, refund. athfhás, -áis, m., a new or second growth. athfhuathmhar, -aire, a., abominable, odious. athfhuathmharacht, -a, f., abomination. athghabháil, -ála, pl. id., f., a reconciling, a resumption, retaking, repossession. athghairid, -e, a., very short. athgharbh, -airbhe, a., very rough. athghoin, -ghona, f., act of rewounding, re-opening (of wounds). athlá, -lae, pl. -laethe, m., another day, a respite; cur ar athlá, to postpone; nár thagaidh an tathlá ionat, may you not survive another day, may you not see tomorrow. athlámh, -áimhe, a., light, ready, prompt. athlán mara, m., the returning tide; the next tide. athlaoch, -aoigh, m., a very old person; an old soldier. athlasadh, -sta, m., a rekindling; an inflammation (of wounds). athluaitheach, -thighe, a., courageous, lively (Con., somet. pron. athluaiceach). athmhalairt, f., exchange, barter, swap. athmhaol, -oile, a., indignant, shameful. athmhaoltas, -ais, m., shame. atmhar, a., swelling. athmharbhadh, -bhtha, m., act of rekilling, second death. athnáireach, -righe, a., modest, demure. athnuadhadh, -nuadhtha, m., act of renewing. athrádh, -áidh, -áidhte, m., a repetition, a rehearsal. athrughadh, -uighthe, m., a change, a transformation. athrughadh (arughadh), m., in phr., athrughadh a mbárach, after tomorrow; athrughadh aréir, the night before last; athrughadh indé, the day before yesterday (arughadh in Kerry, eirfidh in South Ulster and Meath; in Don., arthughadh). athruighim, -ughadh, v. tr. and intr., I change, alter, vary, modify. athruighthe, p. a., altered, changed. athsháileadh, -lte, m., act of repickling fish (Ker.). athsmuainim, -neadh, v. tr., I think again on, I reflect on. athsmuainiughadh, -ighthe -nte, m., second thought; act of reconsidering.