History of South Africa from 1873 to 1884/Volume 2
History of South Africa
from 1873 to 1884
Twelve eventful years
With continuation of the history of Galekaland, Tembuland, Pondoland, and Betshuanaland until the annexation of those territories to the Cape Colony, and of Zululand until its annexation to Natal
by
George McCall Theal, Litt.D., LL.D.
Foreign member of the Royal Academy of Sciences, Amsterdam, corresponding member of the Royal Historical Sociaty, London, and of the Geographical Society, Lisbon, etc., etc., etc.
In two volumes
Vol. II.
London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.
Ruskin House, 40 Museum Street, W.C. 1
First published in 1919
(All rights reserved)
Contents. | ||
| History of Zululand (continued). | ||
| Page | ||
Failure of Sir Garnet Wolseley's so-called settlement—John Dunn's mode of government—Strife caused by Sitimela—Movements for and against the restoration of Ketshwayo—His visit to England and treatment there—Attitude of Sibebu—Return of Ketshwayo to a part of Zululand—Conditions imposed upon him—Conduct of Mnyamana—War with Sibebu and Hamu—Utter defeat of Ketshwayo by Sibebu—Protection given to Ketshwayo by the British commissioner in the Zulu reserve—Sudden death of Ketshwayo—Continuation of hostilities between Sibebu and Hamu on one side and the Usutu party under Mnyamana on the other—Agreement made by Mnyamana with a party of farmers to assist Dinizulu, Ketshwayo's son, in return for eight hundred farms—Defeat of Sibebu, who takes refuge with the British commissioner in the reserve—Formation of the state termed the New Republic—Formal possession of Saint Lucia Bay taken by Great Britain—Resolutions of the legislative council of Natal favouring the annexation of Zululand—Killing of Dabulamanzi in the reserve and its consequences—Annexation of Zululand to the British dominions—Annexation of the New Republic to the South African Republic—Insurrection of Dinizulu—His banishment to Saint Helena—Annexation of Zululand and Tongaland to Natal |
1 | |
| Wars of the Cape Colony in 1879. | ||
The northern border war—Account of Donker Malgas—Settlement of Xosas at Schietfontein, now Carnarvon—Account of Klaas Pofadder, captain of a Korana clan—Account of Jacobus Afrikaner, head of a band of Hottentot robbers—Mention of Klaas Lukas, a Korans captain—Mode of existence of the Bushmen on the northern border—Mention of Gamka Windwaai—Occupation by the marauders of the islands in the Orange river—Mission of Captain Sissison to restore order—Punishment of Klaas Lukas—Mission of Colonel Zachary Bayly—Mission of Mr. Edward Judge—Appointment of Mr. Maximilian Jackson as special commissioner—Journey of Attorney-General Upington to the northern border—Success of Commandant McTaggart in two engagements—Capture of Jacobus Afrikaner—Capture of Pofadder and his whole gang—Death of Donker Malgas in action and capture of his entire band—Appointment of Mr. John H. Scott as special magistrate—Change in the condition of the locality since that time—Effect of irrigation—Account of the Baputi chief Morosi—Formation of the district of Quthing—Attitude of Morosi towards the magistrate—Forcible release from prison of Morosi's son Doda—Excitement in Basutoland caused by the announcement that the disarmament act has been passed by the Cape parliament—Early acts of rebellion by the Baputi—Commencement of hostilities against them—Progress of operations until all their cattle are captured—Description of Morosi's stronghold—Failure of the first attempt to take it by storm—Disaster to a patrol of yeomanry under Captain Chiappini—Failure of the second attempt to take Morosi's stronghold by storm—Interview between Prime Minister Sprigg and Morosi—Capture of the stronghold—Death of Morosi—Complete suppression of the rebellion |
29 | |
| Resistance of the Basuto to disarmament. | ||
Policy pursued towards the Basuto by Mr. Molteno's ministry—Condition of the Basuto in 1880—Acquisition of arms by the tribe—Announcements made by the prime minister at the pitso in 1879—Application of the disarmament act to Basutoland—Petitions against disarmament—Attitude of the Cape house of assembly—Declaration of resistance by a large section of the tribe—Death of Molapo and strife between his sons—Surrender of guns by a few Basuto—Spoliation and maltreatment of these by their countrymen—Protection claimed by them from the government—Arrival of armed forces in Basutoland—Series of encounters with the insurgents—Petition of some of the insurgent chiefs for peace—Offer of mediation by Sir Hercules Robinson—Terms offered by the Cape ministry—Acceptance of the high commissioner's mediation—Terms of his award—Change of ministry—Acceptance of the high commissioner's award by the insurgent chiefs, but only partial compliance with its terms—Appointment of Mr. Joseph M. Orpen as acting governor's agent—Unsuccessful efforts to enforce full compliance with the award—Repeal of the application of the disarmament act to Basutoland—Proceedings of Major-General Gordon—Revenue and expenditure of Basutoland—Appointment of Captain Blyth as acting governor's agent—Proposal of a new form of administration, which is not accepted—War between Jonathan and Joel—Flight of women, children, and cattle into the Orange Free State—Application by President Brand to the imperial government to restore order—Consent of the imperial authorities to take over the administration of Basutoland—Arrangements for the transfer, which is completed in March 1884 |
54 | |
| The Transvaal under British rule in 1879 and 1880. | ||
Immigration into the Transvaal—Opinion in England with regard to the treatment of coloured people by the Transvaal farmers—Desire of the British government for the confederation of the South African states and colonies—Dealings of Sir Bartle Frere with the Transvaal farmers—Replacement of Sir Theophilus Shepstone as administrator by Colonel Owen Lanyon—Refusal of Mr. Paul Kruger to accept an appointment under the British government—Interview of a deputation of farmers with Sir Owen Lanyon—Visit of Sir Bartle Frere to the Transvaal—Petition to her Majesty the queen—Attitude of the British authorities—Petition of a large number of Cape colonists in support of the Transvaal farmers—Interview of many leading men of the Cape Colony with Sir Bartle Frere—Seizure of ammunition by some Transvaal farmers—Assumption of duty as governor by Sir Garnet Wolseley—Military measures adopted by him—Creation of executive and legislative councils—Petition of English residents to Mr. Gladstone—Dealings with Sekukuni—Complete suppression of the Bapedi rebellion—Mass meeting of the farmers at Wonderfontein—Arrest of Messrs. Pretorius and Bok—Refusal of Mr. Pretorius to accept an office under the British government—Attitude of Mr. Gladstone regarding the annexation of the Transvaal—His return to power as prime minister—His indisposition to restore independence to the Transvaal—Mission of Messrs. Kruger and Joubert to the Cape Colon |
81 | |
| The Transvaal war of independence. | ||
British troops in South Africa at the close of 1880—Departure of Sir Garnet Wolseley—Arrival of Sir George Pomeroy Colley—Change of officials in the Transvaal—Speculation in land in the Transvaal—Influx of English and Germans into the towns and villages—Prosecution of the editor of the Volkstem for libel—Interference with a sheriff's sale at Potchefstroom—Mass meeting at Paardekraal—Resolution to restore the republic—Installation of a triumvirate at Heidelberg—Commencement of hostilities at Potchefstroom—Surrender of Major Clark with the garrison of a small fort—Gallant defence of the principal fort at Potchefstroom—Destruction of a British force at Bronkhorst Spruit—Defeat of Sir George Colley at Lang's Nek—Disastrous engagement at Schuins Hoogte—Arrival of British reinforcements—Defeat and death of Sir George Colley at Majuba—Succession of Sir Evelyn Wood to the chief command—Attitude of the right honourable Mr. Gladstone—Difficulties of his position—Exertions of President Brand to bring about peace—Conclusion of an armistice—Surrender of the garrison of the fort at Potchefstroom—Arrangement of terms of peace—Arrival of further British reinforcements—Appointment of royal commissioners—Signing of the convention of Pretoria—Its ratification by the volksraad unwillingly |
118 | |
| The Transvaal from 1881 to the Convention of London in 1884. | ||
Attitude of the Englishmen in the Transvaal—Condition of things along the new western border—Discord caused by the new boundary—Loss of life in the war of independence—Election of Mr. Paul Kruger as president—Feud between Sekukuni and Mampuru—Release of Sekukuni from prison—Seditious conduct of Mampuru—Murder of Sekukuni by Mampuru—Shelter given to Mampuru by Njabel, chief of the tribe of Mapoch—Cost of Sir Garnet Wolseley's operations against Sekukuni—Muster of a commando to reduce Njabel to subjection—Events during the war with Mapoch—Destruction of caverns with dynamite—Successful ending of the war—Trial and execution of Mampuru—Effects of a long drought—System of granting monopolies—Great extension of gold-mining in the Lydenburg district—Disappearance of the tsetsey fly between the goldfields and Delagoa Bay—Concession by the Portuguese government to a company for the construction of a railway from Delagoa Bay to Komati Poort—Strife on the south-western border—Dealings of Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Warren with the residents there—War between Mankoroane and David Massou—Enlistment of European volunteers by both parties—Cession of land to the volunteers—Formation of the republic of Stellaland—War between the Barolong chiefs Moshete and Montsiwa—Particulars of the strife—Defeat of Montsiwa—Severe terms imposed upon him—Attempted formation of a republic under the title Land of Goshen—Conference in London between Transvaal delegates and the secretary of state—Conclusion of the Convention of London |
131 | |
| Formation of the Crown Colony of British Betshuanaland. | ||
Views of the earl of Derby regarding Betshuanaland—Appointment of the reverend John Mackenzie as deputy commissioner there—Dealings of Mr. Mackenzie with Mankoroane—Announcement of a British protectorate over Stellaland and Montsiwa's country—Raising of a police force under Major Stanley Lowe—Resignation of Mr. Mackenzie—Appointment of Mr. Cecil John Rhodes as deputy commissioner—Transactions of Mr. Rhodes in Betshuanaland—Attitude of the people of Goshen—Transactions of Mr. P. J. Joubert in Betshuanaland—Mission of Messrs. Upington, Sprigg, and Marais to Land Goosen—Despatch from England of a strong military force under Major-General Sir Charles Warren to take possession of Land Goosen—Proceedings of the expedition—Beaconing off the boundary line between the South African Republic and Betshuanaland—Dispersal without resistance of the people of Land Goosen—Resignation of Mr. Rhodes as deputy commissioner—Proclamation of a protectorate over the whole of Betshuanaland—Withdrawal of Sir Charles Warren's expedition from Betshuanaland—Enrolment of a strong police force under Lieutenant-Colonel Carrington—Creation of the Crown Colony of British Betshuanaland—Appointment of the necessary officials—Account of Mankoroane—Progress of British Betshuanaland—Attitude of David Massou—Dispersal of his clan—Account of the tribes in the protectorate of Northern Betshuanaland—Exploration of Matabeleland—Death of the explorers from poison—Mission to Lobengula—Efforts of Germany to obtain possession of parts of South Africa—Annexation of British Betshuanaland to the Cape Colony—Number of Europeans in the province—Condition of the protectorate of Northern Betshuanaland |
157 | |
| Events in the Cape Colony to the end of 1884. | ||
Various views concerning confederation—Formation of the Farmers' Protection Association—Formation of the Afrikander Bond—Rejection of confederation by the Cape Colony—Retirement of Sir Bartle Frere—Appointment of Sir Hercules Robinson as governor of the Cape Colony and high commissioner—Opening of telegraphic communication with Europe—Progress in the construction of railways—Advance in civilisation of the Bantu in the colony—Marks of improvement in the Cape Colony—Disastrous shipwrecks—Erection of the Parliament Houses in Capetown—Progress in steamship communication with England—Restoration of Dutch as one of the official languages of the Cape Colony—Ravages of smallpox—Retirement from public life of Mr. Saul Solomon—Prominence of Mr. Cecil John Rhodes—Retirement of the Scanlen ministry—Formation of the Upington ministry—Improvements in Capetown—Opening of an Industrial Exhibition—Formation and dissolution of the Empire League—Death of the reverend Dr. Moffat and of the honourable Robert Godlonton |
185 | |
| Events in Natal and the Orange Free State to the end of 1884. | ||
Succession of heads of the Natal government—Movement in favour of responsible government—Progress in the construction of railways—Dissatisfaction with the appointment of a lieutenant-governor—Appointment of Sir Henry Bulwer as governor—Amendment of the constitution of Natal—Extension of the railway towards the interior—Conference with representatives of the Orange Free State—Display of Natal products—Diseases in plants and animals—Improvements in Durban and Maritzburg—Death of Mr. Jacobus Nicolaas Boshof and of Bishop Colenso—Destruction of Bishopstowe by fire—Condition of the Bantu in Natal—Various mission associations working with them—Power of the governor as supreme chief—System of government of the Bantu in Natal—Duties of the Native High Court—Account of President Brand of the Orange Free State—Establishment of a supreme court of three judges in the Orange Free State—Construction of bridges over the Orange River—Prosperity and progress of the Orange Free State—Improvements in educational institutions—Devotion to duty of President Brand—Death of President Brand—Death of the Barolong chief Moroko—Dispute between Tsepinare and Samuel as to the succession to the chieftainship—Murder of Tsepinare by Samuel—Great confusion in the tribe—Annexation of the territory to the Orange Free State—Its retention as a reserve for the use of the Barolong |
208 | |
| Revenue of the Cape Colony and Natal, exports and imports of South Africa. OTher statistics. | ||
Revenue of the Cape Colony—Expenditure of the Cape Colony—Revenue of Natal—Expenditure of Natal—Exports of the Cape Colony—Effects of prolonged drought—Public debt of the Cape Colony—Exports of Natal—Imports of South Africa—Total overseas commerce of South Africa—Public debt of Natal—Population of Natal at the close of 1884—Results of the census of [the Cape Colony in 1891 |
228 | |
| Index | 239 | |