Latin for beginners (1911)/Part II/Lesson XL

by Benjamin Leonard D'Ooge

Layout 2

LESSON XL

THE THIRD DECLENSION • CONSONANT STEMS (Continued)

CLASS II

235. Consonant stems that add no termination in the nominative are declined in the other cases exactly like those that add -s. They may be masculine, feminine, or neuter.

236.

PARADIGMS

	Masculines and Feminines
	cōnsul, m., consul	legiō, f., legion	ōrdō, m., row	pater, m., father
Bases or Stems	cōnsul-	legiōn-	ōrdin-	patr-
	Singular				TERMINATIONS M. AND F.
Nom.	cōnsul	legiō	ōrdō	pater	—
Gen.	cōnsulis	legiōnis	ōrdinis	patris	-is
Dat.	cōnsulī	legiōnī	ōrdinī	patrī	-ī
Acc.	cōnsulem	legiōnem	ōrdinem	patrem	-em
Abl.	cōnsule	legiōne	ōrdine	patre	-e
	Plural
Nom.	cōnsulēs	legiōnēs	ōrdinēs	patrēs	-ēs
Gen.	cōnsulum	legiōnum	ōrdinum	patrum	-um
Dat.	cōnsulibus	legiōnibus	ōrdinibus	patribus	-ibus
Acc.	cōnsulēs	legiōnēs	ōrdinēs	patrēs	-ēs
Abl.	cōnsulibus	legiōnibus	ōrdinibus	patribus	-ibus

1. With the exception of the nominative, the terminations are exactly the same as in Class I, and the base or stem is found in the same way.
2. Masculines and feminines with bases or stems in -in- and -ōn- drop -n- and end in -ō in the nominative, as legiō (base or stem legiōn-), ōrdō (base or stem ōrdin-).
3. Bases or stems in -tr- have -ter in the nominative, as pater (base or stem patr-).
4. Note how the genitive singular gives the clue to the whole declension. Always learn this with the nominative. 237.

EXERCISES

First learn the special vocabulary, p. 291.

I.

1. Audīsne tubās, Mārce? Nōn sōlum tubās audiō sed etiam ōrdinēs militum et carrōs impedīmentōrum plēnōs vidēre possum.
2. Quāslegiōnēs vidēmus? Eae legiōnēs nūper ex Galliā vēnērunt.
3. Quid ibi fēcērunt? Studēbantne pugnāre an sine virtūte erant?
4. Multa proelia fēcērunt^[1] et magnās victōriās et multōs captīvōs reportāvērunt.
5. Quis est imperātor eārum legiōnum? Caesar, summus Rōmānōrum imperātor.
6. Quis est eques quī pulchram corōnam gerit? Is eques est frāter meus. Eī corōna ā cōnsule data est quia summā virtūte pugnāverat et ā barbarīs patriam servāverat.

II.

1. Who has seen my father to-day?
2. I saw him just now (nūper). He was hastening to your dwelling with your mother and sister.
3. When men are far from the fatherland and lack food, they cannot be restrained^[2] from wrong^[3].
4. The safety of the soldiers is dear to Cæsar, the general.
5. The chiefs were eager to storm a town full of grain which was held by the consul.
6. The king forbade the baggage of the captives to be destroyed.

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References

1. proelium facere = to fight a battle.
2. contineō. Cf. <a href = "#sec180">§ 180</a>.
3. Abl. iniūriā.