Ora Maritima/Preparations/The Sea Coast
The Sea Coast.
[English words connected with the Latin by origin, but not intended as translations of them, are given in square brackets and Roman type.]
§1.
quam bella | how beautiful |
est | is |
ōra maritima | the sea-shore |
nōn procul | not far |
ab ōrā maritimā | from the sea-shore |
villa | a country-house [villa] |
in villā | in the country-house |
amita mea | my aunt |
habitat | dwells,lives |
et | and |
ego habitō | I dwell, I am staying |
cum amitā meā | with my aunt |
nunc | now |
ante iānuam | before the door |
villae | of the country-house |
ārea | an open space [area] |
in āreā | in the open space |
castanea | a chestnut-tree |
ubi | where |
luscinia | a nightingale |
interdum | sometimes |
cantat | sings |
sub umbrā | under the shade (umbra, shade; cf. ‘umbrella’) |
castaneae | of the chestnut-tree |
ancilla | a maid-servant |
cēnam parat | prepares supper |
amō ōram | I love the shore |
amō villam bellam | I love the pretty country-house |
Compare the different forms of the same word (Singular Number) in the following sentences:
- Villa bella est. There is a pretty country house, or The country-house is pretty.
- Villam bellam amō. I love the pretty country-house.
- Iānua villae bellae est aperta. The door of the pretty country-house is open.
- In villā bellā habitō. I am staying in the pretty country house.
Note. ego habitō, I am staying (where the word I has some stress); amo, I love (where the word I has no stress.) §2.
fēriae | holidays |
sunt | are or there are |
fēriae nunc sunt | it is now the holidays |
inter feriās | during the holidays |
in villā maritimā | in the country-house by the sea |
ō beātās fēriās! | oh, the happy holidays! |
in arēnā | on the sand |
ōrae maritimae | of the sea coast |
ancorae | anchors |
et | and |
catēnae | chains |
nam | for |
incolae | the inhabitants |
nautae | sailors |
magna est | great is (or is great) |
audācia | the courage |
nautārum | of sailors |
procellās formīdant | they fear storms |
nautās amō | I like sailors |
ut | as |
nautae | sailors |
mē amant | like me |
cum nautīs | with the sailors |
in scaphīs | in boats [skiffs] |
nāvigō | I sail [navigate] |
Compare the forms of the Plural ‘nautae,’ sailors, in the above sentences: nautae mē amant, sailors like me; nautās amō, I like sailors; audācia nautārum, the courage of sailors; cum nautīs, with sailors. Note that the ending -ae, like the English -s, has two different meanings: nautae = (1) sailor’s, (2) sailors.
Compare the different forms of the same word (Plural Number) in the following sentences:
- Villae bellae sunt. There are pretty country-houses, or The country-houses are pretty.
- Villās bellās amo. I love pretty contry-houses.
- Iānuae villārum bellārum sunt apertae. The doors of the pretty country-houses are open.
- In villīs bellīs habitant. They dwell in pretty country-houses.
§3.
ex fenestrīs | out of (or from) the windows |
undās spectās | thou seest (you see) the waves |
caeruleās | blue |
quam magnae sunt | how big they are (i.e. the waves, undae) |
per-lūcidae | transparent [lucid] |
post cēnam | after supper |
lūnam spectō | I see the moon |
stellās | the stars |
ex fenestrā meā | from my window |
prope villam | near the country-house |
silva | a wood |
saepe | often |
ambulō | I walk |
quantopere | how much |
nōs delectat | đelights us |
ō cōpiam | oh the abundance |
plantārum | of plants |
herbārum | of grasses, of herbs |
bācārum | of berries |
nōn sōlum | not only [solely] |
sed etiam | but also |
agricolae | farmers |
circum | around |
habitant | dwell |
casae | the cottages |
agricolārum | of the farmers |
parvae | small |
casās albās habitant | inhabit white cottages |
casās vīsitat | visits the cottages |
Compare the Singular and Plural forms of the word ‘amita’ in the following sentences:
- Amita mea casās vīsitat. My aunt visits cottages.
- Amitae meae casās vīsitant. My aunts visit cottages.
- Amitam meam amō. I love my aunt.
- Amitās meās amō. I love my aunts.
- Amitae meae vīlla est bella. My aunt's country-house is pretty.
- Amitārum meārum vīllae sunt bellae. My aunts’ country-houses are pretty.
- Cum amitā meā ambulō. I walk with my aunt.
- Cum amitīs meīs ambulō. I walk with my aunts. Notice that the forms in -am (Singular) and -ās (Plural) occur
- after certain Prepositions:
ante iānuam, before the door; post cenam, after supper; prope vīllam, near the house; inter fēriās, during the holidays. - without any Preposition, to complete the sense with certain Verbs. The form in -am or -as is then called tlhe Object of the Verb. In the following sentences it will be seen that the forms in -am and -as differ in meaning from those in -a and -ae just as me difers from I (or ‘him’, ‘them’, ‘whom’, from ‘he,’ ‘they,’ ‘who’) in English:—
I love sailors. Ego amō nautās. Sailors love me. Nautae amant mē. The maid-servant prepares supper. Ancilla parat cēnam. Sailors inhabit white cottages. Nautae habitant casās albās.
§4.
rēgina mea | my queen |
magna | great |
glōria | the glory |
Victōriae Rēgīnae | of Queen Victoria (or Queen Victoria’s) |
in insulīs Britannicīs | in the British islands |
colōniae Britannicae | British colonies |
domina | mistress [dame] |
multārum terrārum | of many lands |
undārum | of the waves |
triumphō | I triumph, I exult |
tē amō | I love thee |
Britannia | o Britain |
vōs | you |
īnsulae Britannicae | o British isles |
nōn est | is not |
patria | native-land |
ex Āfricā Merīdiānā | from South Africa |
sum | I am |
Note that the forms in -a (Singular) and -ae (Plural) may be used in speaking to persons or things: in such cases we may translate by using the word ‘o’ in English, but generally it is better to leave out this word: tē, Britannia, amō, I love thee, Britain: vōs, īnsulae Britannicae, amō, I love you, British isles.
§5.
[edit]quoque | too, also |
consōbrīna | cousin |
apud amitam meam | at the house of my aunt |
columbās cūrat | keeps doves |
cūra columbārum | the care of doves |
Lȳdiae | to Lydia |
laetitiam dat | gives delight |
tū, Lȳdia | thou (you), Lydia |
cum | when |
es | thou art, you are |
apud magistram tuam | at the house of thy (your) schoolmistress |
linguae Franco-gallicae | to the French language |
Anglicae | to the English |
operam dãs | givest (give) attention (=study) |
ego operam dõ | I give attention |
linguīs antīquīs | to the ancient languages |
Rōmae | of Rome |
Graeciae | of Greece |
cum Lȳdiā | see §1: cum amitā meã |
ad silvam | to the wood |
vel | or |
nāvigāmus | we sail |
undae delectant | the waves delight |
võs, filiae, amātis | you, o daughters, love |
võs amat | loves you |
ubi ... ibi | where ... there |
inopia | want, poverty |
levat | relieves |
Compare carefully:
- Lȳdiae laetitiam dat, gives pleasure to Lydia.
- ad silvam ambulō, I walk to the wood.
The forms in -ae (Singular) and -īs (Plural) meaning ‘to’ are often found with verbs of ‘giving’; hence they are called the ‘Dative Case’ (Case of Giving). But they are not used with verbs of ‘going’; with these verbs ‘to’ is expressed by the Preposition ‘ad’ followed by a form in -am (Singular) or -as (Plural).
Name of Case. | |||||
1st Case. | Lȳdia | Lydia | Nominative. | ||
2nd Case. | Lȳdia | o | Lydia | Vocative. | |
3rd Case. | Lȳdiam | Lydia | Accusative. | ||
4th Case. | Lȳdiae | Lydia's, of Lydia | Genitive. | ||
5th Case. | Lȳdiae | to | Lydia | Dative. | |
6th Case. | cum | Lȳdiā | with | Lydia | Ablative. |
SINGULAR. | PLURAL. | |
1 | villa bella | villae bellae |
2 | villa bella | villae bellae |
3 | villam bellam | villās bellās |
4 | villārum bellārum | villae bellae |
5 | villīs bellīs (with a verb of ‘giving’) | villae bellae (with a verb of ‘giving’) |
6 | in villā bellā | in villīs bellīs |
The Preposition which is used with the Ablative Case must be varied to suit the sense of the noun which is being declined: e.g. ‘cum Lȳdiā,’ but ‘in villā’ or ‘ex villā’ or ‘ā villā’
Present Tense of ‘sum’ and 1st Conjugation. | ||
SINGULAR. | PLURAL. | |
1st Person | sum, I am | sumus, we are |
2nd Person | es, thou art (you are) | estis, you are |
3rd Person | est, he (she, it) is | sunt, they are |
1st Person | spectō, I see | spectāmus, we see |
2nd Person | spectās, thou seest (you see) | spectātis, you see |
3rd Person | spectat, he (she, it) sees | spectant, they see |
The verb ‘dō,’ I give, has a short a in the 1st and 2nd Person plural: dămus, dătis.